identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3B736E61FFA50765FF2AFE96FEB3F733.text	3B736E61FFA50765FF2AFE96FEB3F733.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocynaceae	<div><p>Apocynaceae (Asclepiadoideae – Ceropegieae)</p> <p>First herbarium record of Orthanthera albida in South Africa at PRE</p> <p>The genus Orthanthera Wight (1834: 48) is endemic to Africa and currently consists of four species (Klopper et al. 2006). Orthanthera butayei (De Wildeman 1904: 192) Werdermann (1938: 240) and O. gossweileri Norman (1929: 98) are restricted to southern Tropical Africa (Angola and Zambia), while O. albida Schinz (1888: 265) and O. jasminiflora (Decaisne 1844: 630) Schinz (1888: 265) occur mainly in southern Africa (Namibia, Botswana and South Africa) (Victor et al. 2003, Leistner 2005, Bester et al. 2006) although the former also extends to southern Angola.</p> <p>Previously O. albida was seemingly restricted to Namibia and Angola (Victor et al. 2003, Bester et al. 2006) and was not listed for South Africa. On a collecting trip to the Richtersveld National Park (RNP) in August 2010, as part of the ongoing NHPCP, it was found in the park (Figure 2). The location seems to be limited to the stream bank vegetation along the Orange River.</p> <p>Orthanthera albida was, however, previously listed on a checklist of the Augrabies Falls National Park (Zietsman &amp; Bezuidenhout 1999). On investigation it was revealed that the name was placed on the list based on a report where it was listed for the park (Werger &amp; Coetzee 1977), but even in this paper no voucher specimens were cited. Attempts to locate vouchers of this plant in NMB, KSAN, PRE and the field herbarium at the Augrabies Falls National Park were unsuccessful and it is concluded that possibly only a sight-record was made.</p> <p>This species forms shrubs with an untidy appearance of spreading stems. In the RNP where plants were observed, it was severely grazed by goats from the community, shaping them into low rounded and very compact bushes. When stems are crushed, a clear sap emerge which is quite bitter. The stems are somewhat succulent (Figure 3).</p> <p>Specimens examined: — SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape: Richtersveld National Park, north of De Hoop campsite between Gaimus / Stuiweoog and Rooilepel (QDS: 2817 AA), 12 September 2010, S. P. Bester 10112 (KMG!, KSAN!, MO!, PRE!); Richtersveld National Park, between Richtersberg campsite and Adventure Bush Camp (QDS: 2817 AC), 14 September 2010, S. P. Bester 10136 (PRE!).</p> <p>The two southern African species of Orthanthera are easily distinguishable from each other. In O. albida plants have a shrubby appearance with much reduced linear leaves (8–30 × 1–3 mm). In comparison, O. jasminiflora has a creeping habit with well-developed elliptic to ovate leaves (20–70 × 5–42 mm). The flowers of O. jasminiflora (Figure 4) are also much larger (12–35 mm long with the lobes ± as long as the tube) and cream, compared to O. albida which have smaller (5–10 mm long with the lobes ± half as long as the tube), yellow to yellow-green flowers.</p> <p>Orthanthera gossweileri is only known from the type locality in the Cunene Province in southern Angola</p> <p>(Figueiredo &amp; Smith 2008). The type specimen [Gossweiler 3881 (BM), see JSTOR Plants 2012a] has flowers that range from 20 to 30 mm in length, but the outstanding feature of this species seems to be the 33–67 mm long filiform leaves. The material of O. butayei [Butaye s.n. (BR), see JSTOR Plants 2012b] very much resemble that of O. jasminiflora and needs to be studied in more detail to assess its recognition as a separate taxon.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B736E61FFA50765FF2AFE96FEB3F733	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bester, Stoffel P.;Herman, Paul P. J.;Klopper, Ronell R.	Bester, Stoffel P., Herman, Paul P. J., Klopper, Ronell R. (2012): National Herbarium Plant Collecting Programme reveals new country and provincial distribution records from South African National Parks (Apocynaceae, Asteraceae & Xanthorrhoeaceae: Asphodeloideae). Phytotaxa 62 (1): 44-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.62.1.9
3B736E61FFA10768FF2AFF08FC6FF57F.text	3B736E61FFA10768FF2AFF08FC6FF57F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Doellia cafra (De Candolle 1836) Anderberg 1995	<div><p>Doellia cafra versus Pulicaria scabra, and range extension records for Doellia cafra</p> <p>In September 2010, a specimen of Doellia cafra (De Candolle 1836: 38) Anderberg (1995: 21) was collected along the Orange River in the Augrabies Falls National Park (Bester 10188)—totally out of its then known distribution range as it was not previously recorded from the Northern Cape (Herman et al. 2003).</p> <p>Doellia cafra looks superficially very similar to Pulicaria scabra (Thunberg 1800: 153) Druce (1917: 642), which is known to occur in the Northern Cape (Herman et al. 2003). As it is possible that specimens could have been wrongly identified, all the Doellia cafra and Pulicaria scabra specimens housed in PRE were carefully studied and identified using Hilliard (1977). A number of mis-identifications were corrected: Acocks 2561 was collected in the Hay Division along a tributary to the Orange River. This specimen was also misidentified as P. scabra and re-identified as D. cafra, but because of the mis-identification, the distribution of this taxon in the Northern Cape was never realized until now. While preparing distribution maps for this article, two other overlooked localities for D. cafra in the Northern Cape (Potjiespram and near Pella) were discovered [Pearson 3836 (NBG), Williamson &amp; Williamson 5876 (NBG)].</p> <p>The genus Doellia was attributed to the tribe Plucheeae (Anderberg 1994, 1995) but further research proved that the tribe Plucheeae should be included in the tribe Inuleae (Anderberg &amp; Eldenäs 2007, Anderberg 2009). The genus Pulicaria Gaertn. also belongs to the tribe Inuleae (Anderberg 1994, Anderberg &amp; Eldenäs 2007, Anderberg 2009). In southern Africa both of these genera are represented by only one species: Doellia cafra (DC.) Anderb. [= Blumea cafra (DC.) O. Hoffmann (1889: 274)] and Pulicaria scabra (Thunb.) Druce (Herman et al. 2000, 2003). Both of these species grow in moist habitats along watercourses, edges of dams, etc. Vegetatively they look very similar and both are aromatic. In the fresh state, they can be distinguished by having purple (Doellia cafra) or yellow (Pulicaria scabra) inflorescences. When examining the inflorescences closely, the following distinguishing characters can be observed:</p> <p>Doellia cafra: The outer female florets are arranged in several rows, their corollas filiform (without a noticeable corolla limb, the protruding bifurcate styles easily observed); few central disc florets and the pappus consisting of a few scabrid bristles only (Figure 5 A–C).</p> <p>Pulicaria scabra: The outer female florets are arranged in one or two rows, having a small, but distinct corolla limb; many disc florets and the pappus consisting of an outer row of small scales fused into a shallow corona and an inner row of scabrid bristles (Figure 5 D–E).</p> <p>According to PRE records Doellia cafra was known to occur in Namibia, Botswana, Limpopo, North-</p> <p>West, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Swaziland, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. The Acocks, Pearson, Williamson &amp; Williamson and Bester specimens mentioned above extended the distribution range to the Northern Cape (Figure 6), but the localities are far apart and the collections made with long time lapses in between. Pulicaria scabra occurs in Namibia, Botswana, Limpopo, North-West, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Swaziland, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Northern, Western and Eastern Cape (Figure 7). On the label of a Pulicaria scabra -specimen collected by Giess [Giess 13838 (PRE)] in Namibia along the Nuob River, 3 km from where it flows into the Orange River (QDS: 2817AA), it is stated that it is growing with Doellia cafra (= Blumea cafra). However, no Doellia cafra specimen from that area is represented in PRE.</p> <p>Pulicaria scabra is commonly known as aambeibos (Wells et al. 1986) most likely because of its usage as a lotion for bathing haemorrhoids (Watt &amp; Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). According to a label on a herbarium specimen [Gerstner 2335 (PRE)], the Zulu used it as an eye medicine. Watt &amp; Breyer-Brandwijk (1962) also recorded it being used by the Zulu for vaginal diseases and Hutchings et al. (1996) recorded its usage by the Zulu as an eye medicine and for gynaecological purposes. No medicinal or other usage could be found for Doellia cafra.</p> <p>Specimens examined for Doellia cafra: — SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape: Richtersveld National Park, Poortjiespram [Potjiespram], bank of Orange River (QDS: 2816 BB), December 1996, Williamson &amp; Williamson 5876 (NBG); Augrabies Falls National Park, Farm Daberas 8, Vaalsand area (QDS: 2819 BD), 19 September 2010, S. P. Bester 10188 (PRE!); Bushmanland, banks of a water conduit in the Pella area (QDS: 2819 CC), 8 January 1909, H. H. W. Pearson 3836 (NBG!, digital scans); Hay Div., in kloof at Lelikstad (QDS: 2922 AB), 12 November 1937, J. P. H. Acocks 2561 (PRE!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B736E61FFA10768FF2AFF08FC6FF57F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bester, Stoffel P.;Herman, Paul P. J.;Klopper, Ronell R.	Bester, Stoffel P., Herman, Paul P. J., Klopper, Ronell R. (2012): National Herbarium Plant Collecting Programme reveals new country and provincial distribution records from South African National Parks (Apocynaceae, Asteraceae & Xanthorrhoeaceae: Asphodeloideae). Phytotaxa 62 (1): 44-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.62.1.9
3B736E61FFAF0768FF2AFC5AFC81F10F.text	3B736E61FFAF0768FF2AFC5AFC81F10F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthorrhoeaceae (Asphodeloideae) Dumortier 1829	<div><p>Xanthorrhoeaceae (Asphodeloideae)</p> <p>Range extension record for Bulbine ophiophylla</p> <p>Bulbine ophiophylla Williamson (2003: 19) was described in 2003, although the type specimen was already collected at Alexander Bay in 1970. This species grows in small clumps or often as single plants. It is characterised by the curled tips of its leaves—the specific epithet also alludes to the tangled and curled leaves that resemble a serpent’s nest. Leaves have a narrow, succulent base and lack the broad, often almost transparent, sheathing base of many other Bulbine species. Bracts have an elongated and drawn out apex, and oblong base with a serrated, white and papery margin. Bulbine ophiophylla is restricted to the low rainfall, sandy coastal plain within the Atlantic fog zone (Williamson 2003).</p> <p>A few localities in the vicinity of Alexander Bay in the Northern Cape, South Africa and Oranjemund in Namibia are known. The southernmost locality recorded to date is near Port Nolloth where this taxon was collected in 2004. During August 2006, B. ophiophylla was collected in the Namaqua National Park. Two populations in adjacent quarter degree squared grids were seen, each consisting of several plants growing in full sun in well-drained sand in Namaqualand Strandveld and Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld of the Namaqua Sandveld Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006), at elevations ranging from 30 to 152 m. This represents a significant southward extension of the known distribution range of this taxon by ± 150 km (Figure 8).</p> <p>Specimens examined: –– SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape: Namaqua National Park, Farm Driekop 500, last intersection of Sarrisam road with ‘big’ road before coast (QDS: 3017 CB), 02 August 2006, R. R. Klopper 304 (KSAN!, PRE!); Namaqua National Park, Farm Driekop 500, plain ± 2 km south of Bitter River (QDS: 3017 DA), 02 August 2006, R. R. Klopper 302 (KSAN!, PRE!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B736E61FFAF0768FF2AFC5AFC81F10F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bester, Stoffel P.;Herman, Paul P. J.;Klopper, Ronell R.	Bester, Stoffel P., Herman, Paul P. J., Klopper, Ronell R. (2012): National Herbarium Plant Collecting Programme reveals new country and provincial distribution records from South African National Parks (Apocynaceae, Asteraceae & Xanthorrhoeaceae: Asphodeloideae). Phytotaxa 62 (1): 44-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.62.1.9
