taxonID	type	description	language	source
375E87E4FFF4FFABFF05F9BF2A18F91E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — R. fruticosus Linnaeus (l. c.: 493), typ. cons.	en	Doweld, Alexander B. (2017): New names of fossil Rubus (Rosaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 279-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8
375E87E4FFF4FFAAFF05F9002C59FEDD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — V. 20057 (Natural History Museum, London, U. K.). Geography: — Hordle [Hordwell] Cliffs, South Hampshire, U. K. Stratigraphy: — Upper Eocene (Priabonian = Headon Hill Formation). Status: — Fruits. Eponymy: — In honour of Marjorie Elizabeth Jane Chandler (1897 – 1983), British palaeobotanist and discoverer of the peculiar fossils. IFPNI registration record: — FDB 72262 - F 9 D 4 - 448 A- 9 B 53 - 5 A 206344 E 9 F 1. Note: — The fossil-species is known from Eocene palaeofloras of Europe with no recognized synonyms (Chandler 1961: 99, 122 & 1962: 38; Mai & Walther 1985: 96); it was established based on fossil fruits of Hordle [Hordwell] Cliffs, South Hampshire, U. K. from Upper Eocene (Priabonian) sediments. However, the fossil-species is a later illegitimate homonym of the extant hybrid species R. × acutiformis Schmidely (1911: 30), originally described from Switzerland. Hence, a new replacement name is validated here for the fossil-species.	en	Doweld, Alexander B. (2017): New names of fossil Rubus (Rosaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 279-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8
375E87E4FFF5FFAAFF05FE442B6FFC31.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — 3861 / 191 (Palaeontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation). Geography: — Novikovo village, Sakhalin Island, Sakhalin region, Russian Federation. Stratigraphy: — Lower Miocene (Verkhnedujskaja suite). Status: — Leaves. Eponymy: — In honour of Lidia Iosifovna Fotjanova, Russian palaeobotanist. IFPNI registration record: — 91919 EDE-A 49 C- 41 D 0 - B 0 B 6 - 9 F 7 CFBA 92762. Note: — The fossil-species Rubus alnifolius Fotjanova (1988: 104) was described from the Lower Miocene sedimens of Sakhalin Island (Russian Federation); it was established based on fossil leaves. However, the fossil-species is a later illegitimate homonym of the extant species R. alnifolius Rydberg (1913: 457). Therefore, a new replacement name is validated here for the fossil-species.	en	Doweld, Alexander B. (2017): New names of fossil Rubus (Rosaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 279-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8
375E87E4FFF5FFAAFF05FC602A47FA5D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — 68 – 5 / 1, Пх. 63 – 20 – 82.5 (Novosibirskgeologija, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) – figured by Nikitin (2007: pl. 10, fig. 47). Geography: — Chernovsky village, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation. Stratigraphy: — Middle Miocene (Langhian). Status: — Fruits. Eponymy: — From the wide form of the preserved endocarps. IFPNI registration record: — FDB 72262 - F 9 D 4 - 448 A- 9 B 53 - 5 A 206344 FR. Note: — The fossil-species Rubus brevis Nikitin (2007: 95) was established based on fossil fruits from Middle Miocene (Langhian) sediments of Western Siberia (Chernovsky village, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation) with no suggested affinity to any living species of Rubus. The wide form of endocarps is very distinctive and has no direct analogue among extant and known fossil species. However, it is a later homonym of the extant species Rubus brevis Gremli (1870: 33) (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 53.1). Hence, a new replacement name is necessary for the fossil-species, Rubus laticarpus Doweld, nom. nov.	en	Doweld, Alexander B. (2017): New names of fossil Rubus (Rosaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 279-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8
375E87E4FFF5FFAAFF05F9C42BA3F7B1.taxon	description	(1878: 166), nom. illeg. (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 53.1). Type: — 51 / 2 (Novosibirskgeologija, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) – figured by Nikitin (1976: pl. 69, fig. 13). Geography: — Mamontova Gora (= Mammuth Hill), Aldan river, Yakutia (Sakha) Republic, Russian Federation. Stratigraphy: — Miocene. Status: — Fruits. Eponymy: — From the famous locus classicus of plant fossils (Mamontova Gora [Mammuth Hill]) in Siberia named after extinct mammoths (Mammuthus Brookes 1828: 73, 74). IFPNI registration record: — 9 B 5 AD 826 - 3 F 36 - 45 D 2 - B 18 C- 7 F 93 C 54 FF 013. Note: — The fossil-species was established based on fossil fruits from Miocene sediments of Siberia (Mamontova Gora [= Mammuth Hill]), Aldan river, Yakutia (Sakha) Republic, Russian Federation). However, the fossil-species is a later homonym of Rubus decipiens Müller (1859: 158) and Rubus decipiens Foerster (1878: 166), nom. illeg.; therefore, a new replacement name for the fossil-species is proposed here.	en	Doweld, Alexander B. (2017): New names of fossil Rubus (Rosaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 279-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8
375E87E4FFF6FFA9FF05FF4C2B66FCA9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — 68 – 10 / 1, Стр. 62 – 69 – 106 (Novosibirskgeologija, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) – figured by Nikitin (2007: pl. 10, fig. 45 (46 )). Geography: — Kochki village, Tomsk region, Russian Federation. Stratigraphy: — Middle Miocene. Status: — Fruits. Eponymy: — In honour of Vadim Petrovich Nikitin, Russian (Soviet) palaeocarpologist and geologist, discoverer of the fossils. IFPNI registration record: — FDB 72262 - F 9 D 4 - 448 A- 9 B 53 - 5 A 206344 FR. Note: — The fossil-species Rubus pygmaeus Nikitin (2007: 95) was described on the basis of fossil fruits from middle Miocene sediments of Western Siberia (Kochki village, Tomsk region, Russian Federation) with no suggested affinity to the living species of Rubus. The miniature endocarps are very distinctive and have no direct analogues among extant species. However, it is a later homonym of the extant species Rubus pygmaeus Weihe & Nees ex Bluff & Fingerhuth (1825: 687) (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 53.1), and therefore, the fossil-species is renamed here as Rubus nikitinii Doweld, nom. nov. (in honour of its discoverer).	en	Doweld, Alexander B. (2017): New names of fossil Rubus (Rosaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 279-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8
375E87E4FFF6FFA9FF05FC982AF2FA35.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — 15 - 20 ПК (Grădina Botanică (Institut), Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, ChiȘinău, Moldova) – figured by Negru (1986: pl. 17, fig. 15). Geography: — Bol’shoj Fontan (11 Station), near Odessa, Ukraine. Stratigraphy: — Upper Miocene (Maeotian = Tortonian). Status: — Fruits. Eponymy: — From the name of New Russia (Novorossija), locus classicus. IFPNI registration record: — FDB 72262 - F 9 D 4 - 448 A- 9 B 53 - 5 A 206344 E 9 F 1. Note: — The fossil-species Rubus aralioides Negru (1986: 100) was described on the basis of fossil fruits from Maeotian (Upper Miocene = Tortonian) sediments of the Black Sea region (near Odessa, Ukraine) with no analogues among living species of Rubus. However, it is a later illegitimate homonym of the extant species Rubus aralioides Hance (1884: 42) (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 53.1), and therefore, being in current use, the fossil-species is renamed here as Rubus novorossicus Doweld, nom. nov.	en	Doweld, Alexander B. (2017): New names of fossil Rubus (Rosaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 279-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8
375E87E4FFF6FFA9FF05FA7C2B21F829.taxon	description	Geography: — Chernovsky village, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation. Stratigraphy: — Middle Miocene (Langhian). Status: — Fruits. Eponymy: — From Tobolia, a name of palaeoland (part of ancient Western Siberia in Mesozoic – Cainozoic). IFPNI registration record: — FDB 72262 - F 9 D 4 - 448 A- 9 B 53 - 5 A 206344 FR. Note: — The fossil-species Rubus minor Nikitin (2007: 94) was established based on fossil fruits from Langhian (Middle Miocene) sediments of Western Siberia (Chernovsky village, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation) with suggested affinity to the living species Rubus idaeus Linnaeus (1753: 492). However, it is a later illegitimate homonym of the extant species Rubus minor Kuntze (1879: 97) (McNeill et al. 2012, Art. 53.1). The fossil-species Rubus minor Nikitin is renamed here as Rubus tobolicus Doweld, nom. nov.	en	Doweld, Alexander B. (2017): New names of fossil Rubus (Rosaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 279-283, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.326.4.8
