taxonID	type	description	language	source
3073BA0869051C47FF0EFF15CA71BFAB.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Rubiparvus bistigma Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov. here designated.	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
3073BA0869051C47FF0EFF15CA71BFAB.taxon	description	Description. Small, fragile empoascines marked with red and brown pigment. Head including eyes slightly narrower than maximum width of pronotum (Figs 1, 3). Vertex in dorsal view shorter than width between eyes, anterior margin slightly produced medially (Figs 1 – 4), profile of transition to face rounded (Fig. 2). Coronal suture distinct, not reaching anterior margin (Figs 1, 3). Face broad, convex in profile, lateral frontal suture extended to ocelli but not continuing to midline (Fig. 4). Ocelli on margin about equidistant between eye and midline (Figs 3, 4). Pronotum large, more than twice as long as crown (Figs 1, 3). Forewing narrow, rounded apically, apical cells occupying almost one-third of the total length, veins RP and MP’ confluent pre-apically for short distance, both arise from r cell and MP ” + CuA’ from m cell; third apical cell broadened at base, slightly narrowed apically (Fig. 9). Hindwing with CuA branched, point of branching distad of coalescence of CuA with MP ” (Fig. 10). Front femur with dorsoapical pair of macrosetae, AM 1 enlarged and situated on ventral margin, intercalary row with 1 large basal seta and 6 smaller setae more distad. Hind femur macrosetae 2 + 1, row AV with 13 macrosetae near apex. Male basal abdominal sternal apodemes well developed, parallel sided or slightly tapered (Figs 7, 8). Male pygofer elongate, with several rigid microsetae along posterior margin, ventral appendage absent (Figs 5, 11 – 13), dorsal bridge long (Figs 6, 12). Sternite IX well developed (Figs 5, 11, 19). Subgenital plate robust, relatively short and broad, base articulated to sternite IX, without basolateral extension, apex extended slightly beyond pygofer side, A-group setae absent, D-group setae undifferentiated, B-group setae scattered in two to three rows in apical half, C-group reduced to single preapical macroseta (Figs 5, 6, 11, 17, 19). Paramere short and robust, apodeme as long as apophysis, apophysis broadened near base and strongly narrowed apicad, preapical setae and sensory pits distinct, apex without teeth (Figs 5, 11, 17, 18). Connective fused with the base of aedeagus (Figs 15, 16). Aedeagal shaft tubular, preatrium and dorsal apodeme developed, apex with pair of processes (Figs 5, 15, 16). Anal tube appendage long and thin (Figs 5, 11, 14).	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
3073BA0869051C47FF0EFF15CA71BFAB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name, a masculine noun, is a combination of Latin “ rubidum ” meaning reddish, and “ parvus ”, referring to the small body. Notes. The new genus superficially resembles Ishiharella in external coloration (especially the median apical spot on the head), in lacking a ventral pygofer appendage and in having the setae of group C on the subgenital plate reduced in number but differs in having the crown distinctly produced medially, vein CuA of the hind wing branched, the subgenital plates free (not fused), and the connective fused to the aedeagus. Rubiparvus differs from all other known genera of Empoascini in having only a single macroseta on each subgenital plate. Several genera of Typhlocybini also have a single macroseta on the subgenital plate but at the base rather than near the apex. The new genus is also unusual among Empoascini in having the male paramere with a broad preapical lobe; nearly all other Empoascini have the apophysis of the paramere slender throughout and lacking a preapical lobe. The relatively short, broad paramere of Rubiparvus resembles that found in some Dikraneurini. Dietrich (2013) and Qin et al. (2014) discussed characters separating Empoascini from other tribes of Typhlocybinae. Although the relatively broad paramere and reduced subgenital plate macrosetae of Rubiparvus are unusual among Empoascini and resemble features found in other typhlocybine tribes, placement of the new genus in Empoascini is strongly supported by the forewing venation and the presence of a well-developed anal tube process in the male. The fusion of the aedeagus with the connective is not known in other members of the Alebroides generic group, to which Rubiparvus belongs based on its hind wing venation, but occurs in several genera of the Empoasca - generic group (characterized by the unbranched vein CuA in the hind wing), including Baguoidea Mahmood, Dayus Mahmood, Homa Distant, Goifa Dworakowska, T r eufalka Qin & Zhang, Usharia Dworakowska and Ifugoa Dworakowska & Pawar (Qin et al., 2014). Most of these genera differ from Rubiparvus not only in hind wing venation but also in having the apodemes of male abdominal sternite II strongly reduced but the apodemes of tergite III enlarged and strongly divergent.	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
3073BA0869051C47FF0EFF15CA71BFAB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
3073BA0869061C42FF0EFF5FCA71B953.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype. ♂ (NWAFU), China, Yunnan Province, Mengla, Nanping, 27 July, 2014, coll. Huifeng Suo, by light trap. Paratypes. 5 ♂♂, same data as holotype (NWAFU).	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
3073BA0869061C42FF0EFF5FCA71B953.taxon	description	Description. Body length: male 2.6 - 2.8 mm. Ground color orange red. Head with median black spot at apical transition from crown to face and symmetrical pale submedial spots on crown and face, frontoclypeus with diffuse brown medial spot just dorsad of anteclypeus (Figs 1 – 4). Eyes black (Figs 1 – 4). Antennae with scape white, pedicel red (Fig. 4). Pronotum mostly orange red, anterior margin and arcuate area behind eyes with irregular yellow patches (Fig. 3). Mesonotum with basolateral triangles black, otherwise orange-yellow (Fig. 3). Forewing and hind wing smily subhyaline, brochosome field tan (Figs 9, 10). Abdomen black. Legs tan except 1 st, 2 nd tibia and hind tarsus sordid white. Basal sternal abdominal apodemes reaching anterior margin of segment 5 to 6 (Figs 7, 8). Male pygofer in lateral view with 5 - 10 rigid microsetae along posterior margin, dorsal bridge occupying nearly half total length of pygofer (Figs 5, 6, 11 – 13). Subgenital plate strongly narrowed in apical 1 / 3, apically curved dorsad and acutely angulate in lateral view, A and D-group setae absent, B-group setae (22 – 25) arranged in two or three rows occupying almost apical half of dorsolateral margin, C-group seta (1) preapical on ventral side, additional tiny setae arranged in four to six rows occupying in the lower margin of subgenital plate (Figs 5, 6, 11, 17, 19). Paramere apex curved laterad and terminating in sharp point, bearing 4 fine setae and few sensory pits (Figs 5, 11, 17, 18). Aedeagus shaft tubular, dorsal apodeme expanded and strongly compressed, mostly membranous; preatrium well developed, bent at acute angle in lateral view, fused with connective; shaft in dorsal view slightly broadened medially, apical processes curved posterolaterad, each with lateral membranous lobe at base, gonopore apical between bases of processes (Figs 15, 16). Anal tube appendage attenuate, extended ventrad into genital capsule and curved posterad, apex extended beyond posteroventral margin of pygofer, anal tube small (Figs 5, 11, 14).	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
3073BA0869061C42FF0EFF5FCA71B953.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, is derived from the Latin words “ bi- ” and “ - stigma ”, referring to the two black spots on the thorax.	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
3073BA0869061C42FF0EFF5FCA71B953.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan).	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
3073BA0869001C43FF0EFE60CC70BD98.taxon	synonymic_list	Alafrasca Lu & Qin, 2014 a A. sticta Lu & Qin, 2014 a — China (Sichuan) Alebrasca Hayashi & Okada, 1994 A. actinidiae Hayashi & Okada, 1994 — China (Hunan, Henan, Gansu, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi); Japan A. expansa (Dworakowska, 1995) — China (Taiwan) Alebroides Matsumura, 1931 A. barbatus Dworakowska, 1997 — China (Hainan, Hong Kong); Nepal; Thailand A. chiasmaticus Yu & Yang, 2014 — China (Guangxi) A. discretus Chou & Zhang, 1987 — China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou) A. dworakowskae Chou & Zhang, 1987 — China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guangxi) A. falcatus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979 — China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing); India, Nepal A. flavifrons Matsumura, 1931 — China (Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Taiwan); Japan A. fumosus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979 — China (Yunnan); India; Nepal A. haedus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979 — China (Yunnan, Tibet); India A. luteus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979 — China (Yunnan); India A. marginatus Matsumura, 1931 — China (Hong Kong, Taiwan); South Korea; Japan A. muzitaneus Qin & Zhang, 2011 — China (Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing) A. nigroscutellus (Distant, 1918) — China (Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hainan, Taiwan); India; Nepal, Thailand; Indonesia; Japan A. obliteratus Dworakowska, 1997 — China (Yunnan); India; Nepal A. parafuscus Qin & Zhang, 2011 — China (Yunnan, Gansu) A. rayi Dworakowska, 1997 — China (Yunnan); Myanmar A. rubicundus Ishihara, 1953 — China (Henan, Hubei, Hunan); Japan A. salicis (Vilbaste, 1968) — China (Shaanxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan); Korea; Far East of Russia A. serrulatus Yu & Yang, 2014 — China (Tibet) A. shaanxiensis Chou & Zhang, 1987 — China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei) A. sinuatus Dworakowska, 1980 — China (Shaanxi); India; Nepal A. similis Dworakowska, 1977 — China (Shaanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan); Vietnam A. shirakiellus (Matsumura, 1931) — China (Hunan, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan) A. spanner Yu & Yang, 2014 — China (Guizhou) A. strumae Yu & Yang, 2014 — China (Tibet) A. shokanus Matsumura, 1931 — China (Taiwan) A. toroensis Matsumura, 1931 — China (Taiwan); Japan A. ursulae Dworakowska, 1997 — China (Taiwan) A. vicarius Dworakowska, 1997 — China (Yunnan); Myanmar A. waimingi Dworakowska, 1997 — China (Hong Kong) A. wushensis Dworakowska, 1997 — China (Sichuan, Taiwan) A. yanglinginus Chou & Zhang, 1987 — China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei) Apheliona Kirkaldy, 1907 A. ferruginea (Matsumura, 1931) — China (Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Taiwan); Japan; India A. indica Dworakowska & Sohi, 1978 — China (Shaanxi); India A. robusta Dworakowska, 1994 — China (Taiwan) A. taiwana Dworakowska, 1994 — China (Taiwan) A. xerophila Dworakowska, 1994 — China (Taiwan) A. zhangi Dworakowska, 1994 — China (Beijing, Hebei) Circinans Lu & Qin, 2014 b C. striata Lu & Qin, 2014 b — China (Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan) Flaviata Lu & Qin, 2014 F. v a r i a t a Lu & Qin, 2014 — China (Sichuan, Zhejiang) F. longa Xu, Lu & Qin, 2015 — China (Yunnan) Ghauriana Thapa, 1985 G. sinensis Qin & Zhang, 2011 — China (Guangxi, Yunnan) Keumiata Qin & Dietrich, 2014 K. orientalis Qin & Dietrich, 2014 — China (Yunnan); Thailand Lumicella Lu & Qin, 2013 L. rotundata Lu & Qin, 2013 — China (Fujian) Luodianasca Qin & Zhang, 2008 L. recurvata Qin & Zhang, 2008 — China (Guizhou) Membranacea Qin & Zhang, 2011 M. spinata Qin & Zhang, 2011 — China (Hunan) M. unijugata Qin & Zhang, 2011 — China (Sichuan, Shaanxi) M. plana Qin & Zhang, 2011 — China (Hunan) M. hubeiensis Yu & Yang, 2013 — China (Hubei) M. stenoprocessa Yu & Yang, 2013 — China (Hubei, Guizhou) Nikkotettix Matsumura, 1931 N. cuspidata Qin & Zhang, 2003 — China (Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi) N. taibaiensis Qin & Zhang, 2003 — China (Shaanxi) N. erythrinae Dworakowska, 1995 — China (Yunnan); Indonesia; Nepal N. galloisi Matsumura, 1931 — China (Zhejiang, Shaanxi); Japan Rubiparvus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov. R. bistigma Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov. — China (Yunnan) Schizandrasca Anufriev, 1972 S. ussurica (Vilbaste, 1968) — China (Hubei, Shaanxi); Far East of Russia; Korea	en	Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6
