identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
311E87A44E09FF88B1E2DD00FE5AFE0B.text	311E87A44E09FF88B1E2DD00FE5AFE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisoscelini	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> The Tribe  Anisoscelini Laporte </p>
            <p> Many authorities (Schaefer 1965, Osuna 1984, Froeschner 1988) have attributed the first use of the higher group name  Anisoscelini to Amyot &amp; Serville (1843), but the first use was actually by Laporte (1832), who described the family Anisoscélites, differentiating it from his family Coréites. At this time the family contained:  Anisoscelis Latreille ,  Holhymenia La Peletier &amp; Serville ,  Stenocephalus Latreille (now in  Stenocephalidae ),  Leptoscelis Laporte (later in  Leptoscelini ),  Nematopus Latreille and  Pachylis La Peletier &amp; Serville (both now in  Nematopodini ),  Leptocorisa Latreille ,  Micrelytra Laporte , and  Alydus Fabricius (all now in  Alydidae ),  Acanthocephalus Laporte (now in  Acanthocephalini ),  Meropachus Laporte (now in Meropachyinae), and  Pachymeria Laporte (=  Lycambes Stål ). Laporte (1832) also placed  Chondrocera Laporte (now in  Anisoscelini ) in his family Coréites. </p>
            <p> Costa (1838) described the family  Anisoscelini , thus implying that it included  Anisoscelis , presumably because he had seen Laporte (1832); but Costa included only  Alydus Fabricius ,  Micrelytra Laporte (both now in  Alydidae ), and  Stenocephalus Latreille (now in  Stenocephalidae ). Costa's description of the family was general, easily fitting all the presently known Coreoidea, without further explanation. Horváth (1911) cited Costa (1838) as the first user of the tribal name, overlooking the earlier use by Laporte (1832). </p>
            <p> Amyot &amp; Serville (1843) in their group Anisoscélides included only the genera  Anisoscelis Latreille ,  Diactor Perty ,  Leptoscelis Laporte , and  Tynotoma Amyot &amp; Serville , an Old World genus later synonymized under  Serinetha Spinola (Stål 1873) . </p>
            <p> Stål in his 1867 key both expanded and restricted his group (not indicating the rank), given as Anisoscelidida, to include:  Anisoscelis Latreille ,  Baldus Stål ,  Chondrocera Laporte ,  Copium Thunberg ,  Diactor Perty ,  Narnia Stål ,  Tarpeius Stål , and  Theognis Stål. In Stål's (1867) key, the group Anisoscelidida was distinguished as having the hind tibia more or less expanded as opposed to simple (or terete) in the rest of Stål's Coreida grouping, the two being differentiated earlier in the key from Stål's Mictidida (now known as the tribes Nematopini and  Acanthocerini ) and Stål's Placoscelidida (now the tribe  Acanthocephalini ) by having the space between antenniferous tubercles wider than the width of one tubercle and the head produced or porrect anterior to the tubercles. Stål moved  Leptoscelis Laporte into a new grouping, his Leptoscelidida, along with  Phthia Stål and  Malvana Stål. Within Stål's Coreida, Leptoscelidida were distinguished from Anisoscelidida by the lack of expanded hind tibiae, and from the rest of Stål's Coreida by possessing the combination of: all femora spinose; rostrum extending between or beyond hind coxae, first segment extending past eyes or behind base of head; head porrect or subporrect; bucculae shorter than head by more than half. For the rest of  Coreidae Stål gives: femora unarmed and slender, but if spinose, then bucculae extending to middle of head. Stål (1870) subsequently published a list of genera and species in his division Anisoscelidina, synonymizing  Copium Thunberg under  Holymenia La Peletier &amp; Serville (an unnecessary emendation, or a misspelling, of  Holhymenia [the correct name] by Stål), and synonymizing  Theognis Stål under  Leptoglossus Guérin. Gibson &amp; Holdridge (1918b) divided the tribe into two groups, the Anisoscelaria and the Chondroceraria, based on the lack, or presence, of antennal dilations, respectively. These divisions may indeed be valid and do show up in my cladistic analysis, but the affinities of the genera involved are not fully resolved at that level and the nymphs of  Anisoscelis have an expanded third antennal segment (my observation), whereas adults do not. Gibson &amp; Holdridge (1918b) also included two genera now excluded from  Anisoscelini :  Uranocoris Walker (included in the tribe by Lethierry &amp; Severin [1894]) and  Stenoscelidea Walker. Uranocoris has been shown by Osuna (1984) to be an Old World genus and provisionally placed by him in  Homoeocerini . The tylar expansion and deflexed juga would clearly place  Stenoscelidea in  Acanthocephalini ; however, on the basis of a cladistic analysis, Packauskas (2006) placed it in the re-erected tribe  Stenoscelideini Schaefer. </p>
            <p> Osuna (1984) revised  Anisoscelini , splitting a new genus,  Bitta , from  Anisoscelis , and also splitting four new genera,  Fabrictilis, Stalifera ,  Theognis (re-erected), and  Veneza , from the genus  Leptoglossus . All these genera were relegated to group status by Packauskas and Schaefer (2001). </p>
            <p> Schaefer (1968) discussed  Leptoscelis and  Phthia , and their cladistic arrangements with  Anisoscelini and  Acanthocephalini . However, his paper is flawed, in that he clearly shows (his Fig. 37) a metapleural supracoxal spine in his  Phthia sp.; this does not occur in any of the species I have examined of this genus. Reexamination of the specimens used by Schaefer shows them to be of the genus  Petalops (Acanthocephalini) . In his paper Schaefer proposes the removal of  Phthia from  Leptoscelini . On the basis of this paper, Casini (1984) looked at the relationship of his new genus,  Coribergia , with  Leptoscelini sensu strictu (that is, with  Phthia removed), and noted the closeness of  Leptoscelis and  Coribergia . Brailovsky (1989) went one step further and tentatively placed  Coribergia and  Plunentis Stål (formerly in  Coreini ) in the  Leptoscelini . </p>
            <p> During the course of this work, Brailovsky described six new genera which he placed in the  Leptoscelini :  Dalmatomammurius Brailovsky 1982 ,  Kalinckascelis Brailovsky 1990 ,  Leptopelios Brailovsky 2001 ,  Leptostellana Brailovsky 1997 b,  Malvanaioides Brailovsky 1990 ,  Onoremia Brailovsky 1995 , and  Sephinioides Brailovsky 1996 . I have not had the opportunity to examine these for characters that actually place them in  Anisoscelini , but they all are tentatively placed under  Anisoscelini until they can be further analyzed with respect to their proper placement. </p>
            <p> The genus  Ugnius was removed from the  Coreini and placed in the  Acanthocephalini by Casini (1983).  Ugnius , however, shares a number of synapomorphies with  Anisoscelini : the juga extend past the antenniferous tubercles, the extended tylus is more like an extended spine, the rostrum reaches the abdomen, the vesica has three long, tight coils, and there is a median lateral lobe on the conjunctiva (not found in the  Acanthocephalini ). I have, on the basis of these shared apomorphies and as previously discussed in the tree, placed  Ugnius in the  Anisoscelini . </p>
            <p> In addition, Brailovsky (1997a) also described the genus Bellamynocoris with two species and placed this genus in the  Acanthocephalini . This genus also belongs in the  Anisoscelini . The first antennal segment is shorter than the head (always longer in  Acanthocephalini ), the juga extend past the antenniferous tubercles (not so in  Acanthocephalini ), and the tylar expansion is similar to that of members of the genus Ugniu s and  Leptoglossus clypealis . The paramere shape is unknown, but all members of the  Acanthocephalini have an apical tooth (see Packauskas 1994b). The species of Bellamynocoris are also the smallest in the tribe  Acanthocephalini and very similar in shape and aspect to members of the genus  Leptoglossus (Anisoscelini) . The tibial expansions constitute less than 55 % of the length of the tibia while among  Acanthocephalini species the expansions are over 75% of the length of the tibiae. </p>
            <p> The following description of the tribe does not take into account the genera listed above as tentatively placed in the  Anisoscelini . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/311E87A44E09FF88B1E2DD00FE5AFE0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Packauskas, Richard J.	Packauskas, Richard J. (2008): The position of the Leptoscelini and other taxonomic changes within the family Coreidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa 1696: 63-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.180722
