taxonID	type	description	language	source
316687A2FFD9FFFC07ACA9F43FBEF7B3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape: Worcester, Matroosberg Nature Reserve, 08 December 2002, A. M. Muasya 2335 b (holotype BOL!; isotype NBG!). Provisionally referred to as “ F. aff. indica MF ” (Tshiila 2012), or “ Taxon A ”. Perennial, short rhizome to 10 – 30 mm diameter. Culms 25 – 200 mm tall, 0.9 – 1.2 mm thick, but ca. 2.0 mm thick across the rim of the leaf sheath, glabrous. Leaf sheath 7 – 58 mm long, glabrous, not papery, wine-red, not sticky, lacking ligule. Leaf blade 15 – 82 mm long and 0.4 – 1.5 mm wide, glabrous, canaliculate. Involucral bracts 3 – 5, leaf-like and erect, 5 – 29 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence capitate, 5.0 – 8.0 mm diameter, each with over 10 – 15 spikelets. Spikelets 2.3 – 5.5 × 1.0 – 3.0 mm, terete, dark brown, florets bisexual. Glumes 2.1 – 5.0 mm long, boat-shaped with a mucro to 0.5 mm long; margins entire. Stamens 3, anthers crested. Style trifid. Nutlets 0.7 – 2.0 × 0.5 – 1.5 mm, dark brown, papillose; hypogynous disc to 0.2 mm long, cupular, 6 – 9 - lobed.	en	Tshiila, Aluwani A., Chimphango, Samson B. M., Viljoen, Jan-Adriaan, Muasya, A. Muthama (2017): Two new species in the Ficinia indica complex (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 295 (1): 49-59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4
316687A2FFD9FFFC07ACA9F43FBEF7B3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Known from sandstone mountains in the Cape Region, occurring at 1500 – 2000 m in elevation. Such habitats are dominated by fynbos vegetation and frequently experience winter freezing and snow.	en	Tshiila, Aluwani A., Chimphango, Samson B. M., Viljoen, Jan-Adriaan, Muasya, A. Muthama (2017): Two new species in the Ficinia indica complex (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 295 (1): 49-59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4
316687A2FFD9FFFC07ACA9F43FBEF7B3.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet montana refers to the habitat of this species, on top of the mountains, which is unique among the species in the F. indica complex. Conservation status: — This species is widespread and occurs in areas that are mostly protected. Therefore we consider it to be of Least Concern based on the IUCN (2012) criteria. Additional specimens studied: — SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province. Clanwilliam: Cedarberg, Eastern side of Sneeuwberg, 3219 AC, 10 October 1946, E. Esterhuysen 13093 (BOL; PRE); Pakhuis Mountain above Kliphuis, Rock ridge, 2319 AA, 12 August 1883, H. C. Taylor 10586 (NBG; PRE); 4 September 1963, H. C. Taylor 5127 (NBG; PRE); Heuningkloof, 16 January 1953, E. Esterhuysen 21140 (BOL). Worcester: Matroosberg Nature Reserve, 19 January 1959, E. Esterhuysen 28148 (BOL; PRE); 5 April 1958, E. Esterhuysen 27676 (BOL); December 1895, R. Marloth 2287 (NBG); Waaihoek, 17 September 1943, E. Esterhuysen 8977 (NBG); Keeromsberg, 22 November 1956, E. Esterhuysen 26609 (BOL); Agter Witsenberg, 30 September 2009, A. M. Muasya 4581 (BOL); Roodeberg, 27 December 1952, E. Esterhuysen 20926 (BOL). Ladismith, Anysberg Nature Reserve, Touwskloof, 14 December 2002, A. M. Muasya 2372 (BOL).	en	Tshiila, Aluwani A., Chimphango, Samson B. M., Viljoen, Jan-Adriaan, Muasya, A. Muthama (2017): Two new species in the Ficinia indica complex (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 295 (1): 49-59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4
316687A2FFD6FFF207ACAEDB3F71FA1D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape: Malmesbury, 28 August 1975, C. H. Stirton 5026 (holotype PRE!; barcode PRE 0513368 - 0). Provisionally referred to as “ F. aff. indica R. ” (Tshiila 2012), or either “ Taxon b ” or “ Taxon B ”. Tufted perennial, short rhizome to 8.0 – 10.0 mm diameter. Culm 240 – 980 mm tall, 0.9 – 1.2 mm thick, but ca. 2.0 mm thick across the rim of the leaf sheath, glabrous. Leaf sheath 30 – 125 mm long, glabrous, not papery, wine-red. Leaf blade 40 – 300 mm long, glabrous, canaliculate. Involucral bract 3 – 5, leaf-like, 11 – 60 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence capitate, 8.0 – 10.0 mm diameter, each with over 10 spikelets. Spikelets 2.8 – 5.8 × 1.0 – 3.1 mm, terete, dark brown, florets bisexual. Glumes 1.8 – 5.0 × 1.0 – 2.1 mm, boat-shaped with a mucro 0.5 mm long, margins entire. Stamens 3, anthers crested. Style trifid. Nutlets 1.0 – 2.5 × 0.5 – 2.0 mm, dark brown, minutely papillose; hypogynous disc to 0.5 mm long, cupular, 6 – 9 - lobed.	en	Tshiila, Aluwani A., Chimphango, Samson B. M., Viljoen, Jan-Adriaan, Muasya, A. Muthama (2017): Two new species in the Ficinia indica complex (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 295 (1): 49-59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4
316687A2FFD6FFF207ACAEDB3F71FA1D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — This taxon is widespread in the renosterveld vegetation type in the SW part of the Western Cape. The renosterveld is floristically and physiognomically distinct from fynbos and occupies richer (mainly shale-derived) soils (Bergh et al. 2014). Both F. arnoldii and F. laevis are restricted to renosterveld vegetation and do not overlap with the fynbos F. indica, with F. arnoldii occurring in the SW whereas F. laevis is found in the NW area of Western Cape and further north into the Northern Cape. Eponymy: — We honour the South African botanist, the late Trevor Henry Arnold (1947 – 2013), who earlier in his career studied Ficinia and already recognized this taxon as separate from F. indica (as “ Taxon b ”) as annotated on specimens in various herbaria. Conservation status: — We consider the conservation status to be Least Concern based on the IUCN (2012) criteria. However, its habitat is rapidly being converted into agricultural land (overgrazing, vineyards) as well as invasive alien plants. Additional specimens studied: — SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province, Cape Town: Kuils River; Langverwacht, 21 August 1973, E. G. H. Oliver 4330 (NBG; PRE); Clifton, 9 August 1942, W. F. Barker 1574 (NBG); Signal hills, 11 August 1944, R. Compton 15750 (NBG); Camps Bay Drive, 5 July 1943, W. F. Barker 2413 (NBG); Stellenbosch, Albite Fussen; 10 September 1963, J. J. Bos 329 (NBG); Stellenbosch plains, August 1946, B. Rathbone 5 (NBG); Laagliggende dele slootjies, 23 January 1962, M. C. Oliver 82 (NBG); Stellenbosch lower slopes, 28 August 1963, H. C. Taylor 5026 (NBG; PRE); Jonkershoek, O. Kerfoot K 6057 (NBG); Heidelberge Nature Reserve, 1 August 1995, P. Runnals 806 (NBG). Simonstown, 29 June 1965, H. C. Taylor 6351 (NBG); Darling, Oudepost Reserve, 29 March 2009, A. M. Muasya 4514 (BOL). Worcester: Top of Gydo Pass, 20 September 1952, R. Compton 1952 (NBG); Hex River Mountains, Morainkloof, 28 November 2009, A. M. Muasya 4961 (BOL); Citrus dam reserve, Kanetvlei farm, 28 November 2009, A. M. Muasya 4979 (BOL). Clanwilliam: Piketberg, Wittewater, 11 October 2009, A. M. Muasya 4649 (BOL).	en	Tshiila, Aluwani A., Chimphango, Samson B. M., Viljoen, Jan-Adriaan, Muasya, A. Muthama (2017): Two new species in the Ficinia indica complex (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 295 (1): 49-59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4
