identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
332B87CE28219651FF43A669FC09F8EB.text	332B87CE28219651FF43A669FC09F8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) arizonensis Eickwort	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) arizonensis Eickwort</p> <p>(Figs. 88–93)</p> <p>Mexalictus arizonensis Eickwort, 1978, J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 51(4): 570–577. Female, male.</p> <p>Holotype. Female. USA, Arizona, Cochise Co., Miler Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7 August 1974, R. Coville [CAS].</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by the following combination: supraclypeal area almost impunctate apicomedially; mesoscutellum and metanotum medially depressed with evident depressed midline; metapostnotum with longitudinal striae fine and regular, deeper laterally, covering about basal 2/3 of dorsal surface. Additionally, males can be identified in having the mandible slender, bearing a subapical tooth. This species is most similar to M. gibbsi and M. vitriolus, but can be differentiated by the straight inner hind tibial spur (strongly curved in M. gibbsi), and the dense punctures on the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (very sparse in M. vitriolus).</p> <p>Redescription. Female: Body length 7.6–7.8mm, wing length 5.3–5.5mm, head width 1.76–1.80mm, ITW 1.23mm. Head metallic green, mesosoma golden brown with greenish metallic reflections. Head: round, L:W = 1– 1.04:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with subrectangular basal area, medial length 0.33X width, basal elevation flattened, apicomedian area elevated, distal process narrow triangular; mandible dark brown basally, becoming red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, almost half apical surface dark purple-brown, metallic green above; length subequal to length of supraclypeal area or slightly longer, 0.7 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, as protuberant as supraclypeal area; punctures of 2 sizes, smaller punctures separated by close to 1pd throughout basal green half of clypeal area, larger punctures scattered. (3) Supraclypeal area: shiny, slightly dulled mesad of antennal sockets; convex, slightly protuberant, about 1.0–1.2X as wide as long, greatest width subequal to length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; punctures separated by 1– 2pd laterally, becoming very sparse medially and usually absent apically. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, becoming dull towards antennal socket; punctures separated by &lt;1pd, becoming slightly sparser laterad of supraclypeal area, punctures fine and well separated towards paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe brown and nearly impunctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, non-carinate above antenna, slightly impressed line continuing up to shiny impunctate triangle anterior to median ocellus; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 2.5MOD, OOD = 2.0MOD, OVD = 1.5MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures by &lt;1pd. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly narrower than compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 2pd, hypostomal area with extremely sparse punctures, separated by&gt;4pd. (8) Antenna: dark brown, flagellum weakly reddish ventrally, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior margin of median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal, both wider than long and shorter than F1, F2 to F10 slightly increasing in length apically, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, nearly impunctate, polished; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: posterior half entirely dull, anterior half mostly shiny; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures separated by&gt;4pd, smaller punctures separated by 2–4pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: disc shiny, dull apicolaterally, with a median impressed line; large punctures similar to those of mesoscutum, small punctures fine and sparse, separated by 3–5pd except along impressed medial line more dense (~2pd). (12) Metanotum: shiny to slightly dull; slightly impressed medially; large punctures similar to those of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, small punctures indistinct. (13) Mesopleuron: shiny becoming dull posteriorly, sparsely and evenly punctate; pre-episternum weakly dull anteriorly, punctation as for mesopleuron; hypoepimeral area and disc of episternum smooth, shiny and nearly impunctate. (14) Metapleuron: slightly dull, basal transverse striation weak. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: length subequal to posterior width; posterior margin rounded, dorsally bare, shiny basally, weakly granular basomedially; somewhat shiny, smooth and impunctate posteriorly; strongly striate basally across entire width, extending to apical 1/2. (16) Wings: clear, veins brown, stigma about 2/ 3 as long as marginal cell, membrane slightly infuscate; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell less than 2 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs laterad, becoming translucent posteriorly. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden; shorter branched erect hairs on tarsus, coxa, trochanter, and femur; dense long unbranched hairs on tibia and basitarsus. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg except as follows: hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus and on basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg except as follows: coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with some branched hairs among erect hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow; inner hind tibial spur apically darkened, microserrate, with over 15 close teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved. Metasoma: Metallic reflections on metasomal terga less distinct than on head and mesosoma (21) Terga: brown basally becoming hyaline on apex of apical impressed areas; punctures separated by 2–4pd except on apical hyaline areas, very finely and sparsely punctate; T1 entirely shiny and polished, sometimes with a horizontal medial dull area, T2–T5 with apical regions shiny and polished, basal regions sometimes dull and rough in appearance; pubescence pale on T1–T4, darker on T5, reddish to dark brown on pseudopygidial area; T1 smooth and shiny, long branching pubescence present laterally, hairs longer apically on premarginal areas of T2–T4, T5 with dense pubescence, branched hairs longer than unbranched, hairs black anteriorly, golden posteriorly. (22) Sterna: hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish anteriorly on S5–S6, long pubescence on S1 basally.</p> <p>Male: Body length 6.6–6.9mm, wing length 4.5–4.7mm, head width 1.45–1.50mm, ITW 0.90mm. As for female except as follows: Head: round, L:W = 1.05–1.08:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum medially depressed, appearing slightly bilobed, with smooth elevated basal area; distal process extending beyond basal area for 0.5X length of labrum; mandible reddish, slender, with a distinct subapical tooth. (2) Clypeus: apical non metallic purple-brown; with a apicomedial depression, subapical row of dark bristles absent; punctures of one size, evenly distributed throughout basal green area of clypeus (1–2pd), apical darkened area more coarsely punctate. (3) Supraclypeal area: entirely shiny, quadrate; punctures evenly distributed, i = 2–3pd. (5) Frontal area: frontal line not carinate above antennal sockets; (6) Vertexal area: IOD = 2.0MOD, OOD = 2.0MOD, OVD = 1.2MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures denser. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly wider than compound eye in lateral view; white pubescence on lower paraocular area, most obvious in lateral view, becoming less dense above antennal sockets. (8) Antenna: brown, brownish yellow dorsally; reaching anterior margin of mesoscutellum; scape reaching lower tangent of median ocellus; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 about as long as wide, subequal to pedicel and F2, slightly shorter than F3–F10. Metasoma (21) Terga: metallic reflections absent; pygidial plate narrowly rounded, centrally depressed. (22) Sterna: S4 with long plumose medially directed hairs on concave apicomedian area; S5 broadly concave medially, medial plumose hairs longest apically, projecting ventrally as apical tuft; S6 not emarginate apically, bare basomedially, plumose hairs medially directed. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 92, 93.</p> <p>Material examined. USA, Arizona, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 7.viii.1974, J. Powell (1 female, 1 male [KUM]); Arizona, Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, Huachuca Mts., 9-10 Sep 2009, S. Dumesh and C. Sheffield (3 females, 2 males [PCYU]); Arizona, Cochise Co., Carr Canyon, 6500’, Huachuca Mts., 24.viii.1972, R. R. Snelling (6 females,); Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mts., Super Trail from Madera Canyon, 2080m, 3141’46’’ N 11051 ’40’’W, 30.viii.2000, R. Brooks (13 females [KUM]).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28219651FF43A669FC09F8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28269655FF43A4E3FB95F9E6.text	332B87CE28269655FF43A4E3FB95F9E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) astriatus Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) astriatus Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 94–99)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Mexico, 16 mi. E Toluca, 9500’, 31 July 1962, University of Kansas Mexico Expedition [KUM].</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by their metapostnotal sculpture which lacks striae, all other species have striae at least basally on the metapostnotum. In addition, the following combination: supraclypeal area impunctate on disc; apical dark region of clypeus triangular; first recurrent vein entering second submarginal cell 1/3 cell length from apex. This species is most similar to M. micheneri with which it shares the elongate head, but can be differentiated by the non-striate dorsal metapostnotum. It is slightly larger in size than most other members of this subgenus.</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 8.8mm, forewing length 6.0– 6.3mm, head width 1.72– 1.75mm, ITW 1.28–1.33mm. Head and mesosoma metallic greenish blue, pubescence pale whitish. Head: slightly longer than wide, L:W = 1.15–1.18:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum dark brown with subrectangular basal area, medial length equal to half of width, basal elevation flattened, apicomedial area elevated, distal process narrow triangular; mandible basally dark brown becoming apically red, with distinct subapical tooth. (2) Clypeus: shiny, nearly half apical surface dark purple-brown; length subequal to length of supraclypeal area, 0.8 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, slightly protuberant; punctures of 2 sizes basally, smaller punctures separated by &lt;1pd, larger punctures separated by &lt;2pd; punctures coarser and sparser apically, separated by&gt;2pd; with subapical row of dark bristles. (3) Supraclypeal area shiny, convex, more protuberant than clypeus; length subequal to clypeal length; greatest width subequal to length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; punctation absent apicomedially (apical 2/3 impunctate medially), lateral areas with punctures separated by 1–2pd; punctures smaller and more dense and surface slightly dull below antennal sockets. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, becoming dull towards antennal socket; punctures separated by &lt;1pd, becoming slightly sparser lateral to supraclypeal area, punctures fine and well separated towards paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe black and nearly impunctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae from lower margin of antennal socket to 2ASD above antennal socket, line absent above; shiny impunctate triangle anterior to medial ocellus; punctation dense and crowded above antennae, separated by 1–2pd, very small and fine around inner margin of compound eye. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 1.7MOD, OOD = 1.85MOD, OVD = 1.0MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures closely spaced, &lt;1pd, becoming obscure posteriorly. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area as wide as compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 1–2pd, hypostomal area nearly impunctate, slightly dull posteriorly. (8) Antenna: dark brown, flagellum weakly reddish ventrally, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior tangent of median ocellus, subequal in length to F1–F5 (half flagellar length); pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1; flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F4–F10, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: shiny and impunctate, slightly dull ventrolaterally; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: slightly dull; punctures of 2 sizes: larger punctures deep, separated by 2–4pd, smaller punctures shallow and more dense, separated by 1–2pd. (11) Mesocutellum: slightly impressed medially; large punctures similar to those of mesoscutum, small punctures much finer than those on mesoscutum, separated by 1pd except separated by 2pd around median line. (12) Metanotum: punctures similar to those of mesoscutellum, surface very dull; short whitish yellow hairs forming a posterior band. (13) Mesopleuron: shiny and closely punctate, punctures shallow and somewhat obscure especially ventrally, separated by &lt;2pd; pre-episternum densely and coarsely punctate, weakly granular anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and disc of episternum nearly impunctate and smooth. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, somewhat shiny and entirely impunctate. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum half as long as anterior width; posterior margin truncate, dorsally bare, basally shiny becoming weakly granular medially; propodeum posteriorly somewhat shiny, smooth and impunctate; dorsal striation absent. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, stigma slightly more than 1/2 as long as marginal cell, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein entering second submarginal cell at 1/3 width of cell from apex. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, transparent posteriorly, with hyaline, dull anterior margin. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior surface of tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg except, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus and basitibial plate; tibia with dorsal patch of pale, long, dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg except, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed basally with branching, long white hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur curved, with less than 10 longer teeth; outer hind tibial spur sharply angled at apical 1/5, almost at right angle. Metasoma: (21) Terga: shiny, dark brown to black basally becoming lighter brown toward slightly depressed apical area with margin somewhat hyaline; finely and shallowly punctate basally, punctures separated by 2–3pd, nearly impunctate apically; T1 entirely shiny and polished, sometimes with transverse medial dull area; T2–T5 apically shiny and polished, basally slightly dull and rough in appearance due to fine dense punctures; pubescence pale on T1–T4; darker on T5, reddish to dark brown on apical impressed area and pseudopygidial area; T1 with branching pubescence laterally and anteriorly, T2–T4 with pale whitish pubescence laterally, nearly bare medially, T5 with dense pubescence, branched hairs longer than unbranched hairs. (22) Sterna: pubescence long basally on S1; S2– S6 with hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish basally on S5–S6.</p> <p>Male (Allotype): Body length 8.0mm, wing length 5.4mm, head width 1.56–1.60mm, ITW 1.05mm. As for female except as follows: Head and mesosoma dark green. Apical margin of clypeus dark brown. Head: longer than wide, L:W = 1.14–1.16. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum basally flattened, sometimes slightly indented, distal process extending beyond basal area for up to 0.5X length of labrum. (2) Clypeus: subapical row of dark bristles absent; mandible with distinct subapical tooth. (4): Lower paraocular area: shiny, slightly dull near lower margin of antennal socket; punctures separated by 1–2pd, small and fine towards paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe very sparsely and finely punctate. (6) Vertexal area: IOD = 1.8MOD, OOD = 1.8MOD, OVD = 1.2MOD. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly narrower than compound eye in lateral view. (8) Antenna: reaching anterior margin of mesoscutellum; scape reaching anterior tangent of median ocellus; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 slightly longer than pedicel, about as long as wide, longer than F2, subequal in length to F3–F10. Mesosoma: (10) Mesoscutum: shiny; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures deep, separated by&gt;4pd, smaller punctures shallow and denser, separated by&gt;2pd. (11) Mesocutellum: slightly impressed medially; punctures similar to those of mesoscutum. (12) Metanotum: punctures slightly denser than those of mesoscutellum; surface shiny. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum sometimes with weak basolateral striation. Metasoma (21) Terga: metallic reflections absent; pygidial plate broadly rounded with elevated rim, depressed medially, shiny and smooth, or with irregularly rough areas. (22) Sterna: S4 with long plumose hairs medially directed on concave apico-median area; S5 broadly concave medially, apical plumose hairs longest medially, projecting ventrally as apical tuft; S6 entire, bare basomedially, with plumose hairs medially directed. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 98, 99.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Mexico, 16 mi. E Toluca, 9500’, 31 July 1962, University of Kansas Mexico Expedition (holotype female [KUM]); Mexico, 20 mi. E Toluca, 8900’, 31 July 1954, University of Kansas Mexico Expedition (allotype male [KUM]); Mexico, 15.5 mi. E Toluca, 9500’, 6 July 1961, University of Kansas Mexico Expedition (paratype female [KUM]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for the absence of striation on the dorsal surface of the metapostnotum; all other Mexalictus species possess some degree of striation on the metapostnotum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28269655FF43A4E3FB95F9E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28249658FF43A222FAD2FBD4.text	332B87CE28249658FF43A222FAD2FBD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) ayalai Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) ayalai Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 100–105)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Jalisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.70969&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.01406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.70969/lat 20.01406)">Tapalpa</a>, N20.01406 W103.70969, 2463m, 06.x.10, S. Dumesh, [UNAM]; collection code PCYU-MEX10-0272.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by the following combination: supraclypeal area and clypeus nearly evenly punctate; mesoscutum with admedian line slightly raised at apex, mesoscutellum medially raised basally; metapostnotum with dorsal striate area depressed, striae covering basal 2/3; terga with apical depressed areas impunctate. Males can be identified by the simple mandible, bearing a subapical tooth and clypeus without medial depression. This species is most similar to M. punctatus and M. raavo, but can be differentiated by the depressed dorsal metapostnotum, the more sparsely punctate mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (densely punctate in M. punctatus), and the convex upper supraclypeal area (flattened in M. raavo).</p> <p>Description. Female (Paratype): Body length 7.2–7.4mm, wing length 5.4–5.6mm, head width 1.7–1.75mm, ITW 1.25–1.3mm. Head metallic green, mesosoma dark brown without metallic reflections. Head: round, L:W = 1–1.04:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with subrectangular basal area, medial length about 0.5X width, basal elevation flattened, apicomedian area elevated, distal process narrow triangular; mandible dark brown basally, becoming red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, over third apical surface dark purple-brown, metallic green above; length subequal to length of supraclypeal area or slightly longer, 0.75 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, less protuberant than supraclypeal area; punctures of 2 sizes, separated by close to 1pd throughout. (3) Supraclypeal area: shiny, convex, slightly protuberant, about 1.1–1.2X as wide as long, greatest width subequal to length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; punctures nearly even throughout, separated by 1–2pd, becoming somewhat sparser medioapically. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, becoming dull towards antennal socket; punctures separated by &lt;1pd, becoming slightly sparser laterad of supraclypeal area, punctures fine towards paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe metallic and impunctate at apex, with minute punctures above. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, reaching 3MOD below median ocellus, but line continuing up to shiny impunctate triangle anterior to median ocellus; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae, becoming slightly sparser below ocelli. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 2.2MOD, OOD = 2.0MOD, OVD = 1.5MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures by &lt;1pd. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly narrower than compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 2pd, hypostomal area with extremely sparse punctures, separated by&gt;4pd, apically impunctate. (8) Antenna: dark brown, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior margin of median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal, both wider than long and shorter than F1, F2 to F10 slightly increasing in length apically, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, nearly impunctate, polished; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: surface shiny, except dull due to microsculpture around admedian line; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures separated by&gt;4pd, smaller punctures separated by 2–4pd on disc, but denser around admedian and parapsidal lines (~1pd). (11) Mesoscutellum: disc shiny, with a median raised line on basal half; large punctures similar to those of mesoscutum, small punctures finer and sparser than those on mesoscutum, separated by 3–5pd, except denser along medial line and apical margin (1–2pd). (12) Metanotum: shiny; large punctures similar to those of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, but small punctures less distinct. (13) Mesopleuron: shiny becoming minutely dull posteriorly; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures separated by&gt;4pd, smaller punctures separated by 2–5pd, denser on upper 2/ 3, becoming sparser below; pre-episternum weakly dull anteriorly, punctation slightly denser than mesopleuron; hypoepimeral area and disc of episternum smooth, shiny and very sparsely punctate. (14) Metapleuron: mostly shiny, with basal transverse striation strong on upper 1/3, impunctate below where surface is smooth but weakly imbricate. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: dorsal length of metapostnotum slightly less than posterior width; dorsal area bare, strongly imbricate to weakly granular basomedially where surface is slightly depressed; propodeum somewhat shiny, smooth and impunctate posteriorly, posterior margin rounded; dorsal striation on metapostnotum reduced and irregular, covering about dorsal surface. (16) Wings: clear, veins brown, stigma more than 2/3 as long as marginal cell, membrane slightly infuscate; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell less than 2 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: punctate except for smooth area on middle of disc, with few long branched hairs on basal 1.3. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden; shorter branched erect hairs on tarsus, coxa, trochanter, and femur; dense long unbranched hairs on tibia and basitarsus. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg except as follows: hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus and on basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg except as follows: coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with some branched hairs among erect hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur translucent yellow, microserrate, with over 15 long, close teeth. Metasoma: Metallic reflections on metasomal terga absent. (21) Terga: brown becoming narrowly hyaline on apex of apical impressed areas; T2–T4 with basal of disc dull with fine punctures separated by 2–3pd, apical shiny and nearly impunctate; pubescence pale on T1–T4, T5 with some dark hairs, hair reddish to dark brown on pseudopygidial area; T1 smooth and shiny, long branching pubescence present laterally, hairs longer apically on premarginal areas of T2–T4, T5 with dense pubescence, branched hairs longer than unbranched. (22) Sterna: hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish anteriorly on S5–S6, long pubescence on S1 basally.</p> <p>Male (Allotype): Body length 5.9–6.1mm, wing length 4.8–5.0mm, head width 1.50–1.65mm, ITW 1.13– 1.18mm. As for female except as follows: Head: round, L:W = 0.98–1:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum medially depressed, appearing slightly bilobed, with smooth elevated basal area; distal process extending beyond basal area for 0.5X length of labrum; mandible reddish, slender, with a distinct subapical tooth. (2) Clypeus: apical 1/6 non metallic brown; subapical row of dark bristles absent; punctures of one size, evenly distributed throughout (1–2pd). (3) Supraclypeal area: entirely shiny, quadrate; punctures evenly distributed, separated by 2–3pd. (5) Frontal area: frontal line not carinate above antennal sockets; (6) Vertexal area: IOD = 1.6MOD, OOD = 1.4MOD, OVD = 1.0 MOD; punctures separated by 1–2pd, becoming finer and sparser towards ocelli. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area about 0.65X compound eye in lateral view; plumose white pubescence on lower paraocular area, most obvious in lateral view, continuing to above antennal sockets. (8) Antenna: brown, reaching anterior margin of mesoscutellum; scape reaching lower tangent of median ocellus; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 about as long as wide, subequal to pedicel and F2, slightly shorter than F3–F10. Metasoma (21) Terga: metallic reflections absent; discs shiny with fine punctures separated by 4–5pd; T7 with medial longitudinal carina on basal half (sometimes obscured by overlaying T6), pydidial plate greatly narrowed apically, nearly pointed. (22) Sterna: S4 with long plumose medially directed hairs, apical margin straight; S5 slightly concave medially, medial plumose hairs longest apically, projecting medially; S6 apically rounded, bare basomedially, otherwise with short, plumose hairs medially directed. (23) Terminalia: see Figs104, 105.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Jalisco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-103.70722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.01026" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -103.70722/lat 20.01026)">Tapalpa</a>, N20.01406 W103.70969, 2463m, 06.x.10, S. Dumesh, (holotype female, PCYU-MEX10-0272 [UNAM], 1 paratype female [PCYU]); same except for: N20.01026 W103.70722, 2499m, 06.x.10, S. Dumesh, (allotype male, PCYU-MEX10-0223 [UNAM], 4 paratype females, 7 paratype males [PCYU],, barcode labels CCDB-09841 H04–H09); same except for: Jalisco, Volcán Colima, N19.64000 W103.61742 2411m, 09.x.10 (1 paratype female [PCYU]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of Ricardo Ayala, the leading bee taxonomist in Mexico, and his wife Lupita Ayala, who were both part of collecting the first (and, to date, the only) series of this new species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28249658FF43A222FAD2FBD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE2829965EFF43A0F3FB73FA7D.text	332B87CE2829965EFF43A0F3FB73FA7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) genalis Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) genalis Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 106–109)</p> <p>Holotype. Male. MEXICO, Distrito Federal #5, 1.4 mi. N. Morelos border, 28 Aug. 1972, Byers &amp; Thornhill [KUM].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: gena large, shiny, and posteriorly expanded; supraclypeal area with punctures present throughout; 1 st recurrent vein interstitial with 2 nd transcubital vein. This species is similar to M. laurencei but can be differentiated by the absence of posterior striation of the genal area; vertexal area (especially area surrounding lateral ocelli) finely and sparsely punctate; striation on metapostnotum fine and obvious throughout.</p> <p>Description. Female: unknown.</p> <p>Male (Holotype): Body length 8.0mm, wing length 5.9–6.1mm, head width 1.65–1.70mm, ITW 1.03– 1.05mm. Head and mesosoma metallic dark green, pubescence pale, whitish. Head: slightly elongate, L:W = 1.014–1.08; pubescence whitish yellow on head nteriorly. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, with subrectangular basal area, medial length equal to half of width, basal elevation flattened, raised apically; distal process narrow, triangular; mandible dark brown basally, red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, almost apical 1/3 dark purple-brown; slightly longer than supraclypeal area, extending about 0.95X its length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, protuberance about equal to supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd basally, less dense apically. (3) Supraclypeal area: shiny, as wide as to slightly wider than long, greatest width subequal to length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; convex, slightly protuberant, punctation dense basally and laterally, sparse medially, punctures separated by 1–2pd laterally, scattered medially, slightly dull between antennal sockets. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, dull towards supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd slightly sparser laterad of supraclypeal area; paraocular lobe finely and evenly punctate, punctures separated by ~2pd. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, weaker above antennal sockets to 2.5MOD from median ocellus, visible as neither raised nor impressed line to median ocellus, shiny impunctate triangle in front of median ocellus weak; punctures coarse and crowded above antennae. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 1.5MOD, OOD = 1.7MOD, OVD = 1.1MOD; punctation denser near compound eyes, sparse near ocelli, larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures closely spaced. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area about 1.2X wider than compound eye in lateral view. (8) Antenna: dark brown, flagellum weakly reddish ventrally; scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior tangent of median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1; flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, nearly impunctate, shiny; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: weakly dull throughout; densely and somewhat coarsely punctate along margins and admedian line; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures deep, separated by 2–4pd, smaller punctures shallow and more dense, mostly laterally and anteriorly. (11) Mesoscutellum: anteriorly shiny with posterior dull; punctation similar to that of mesoscutum, large punctures very sparse, small punctures most dense apically and along medial line; with a medial longitudinal carina, extending to apical. (12) Metanotum: entirely dull, with sparse punctures as in mesoscutum and mesoscutellum. (13) Mesopleuron: obscurely punctate, dull to very weakly shiny, granular, with punctation sparse to absent; hypoepimeral area and disc of episternum mostly impunctate, smooth. (14) Metapleuron: weakly granular and somewhat shiny, with weak basal transverse striation. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum slightly longer than posterior width, posterior margin rounded, dorsally bare, strongly granular basally, dorsal surface with fine longitudinal striation extending furthest medially; propodeum granular, weakly shiny. (16) Wings: veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or 1 vein width basad of second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: dark brown; punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs on outer margin on outer margin; posteriorly transparent, with hyaline, dull anterior margin. (18) Foreleg: dark brown; hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior surface of tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching shorter erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral posterior patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened;inner hind tibial spur curved, rather coarsely serrate with 8 blunt teeth apically, laterally darkened. Metasoma: metallic reflection on terga weak to absent, (21) Terga: shiny brown, T4 and T4 dark brown; basally punctate, punctures separated by 2–4pd, apically almost impunctate; T1 entirely shiny and polished, sometimes with a transverse medial dull area; T2–T5 apically shiny and polished, basally somewhat dull; pubescence pale on T1–T4, darker on T5, reddish to dark brown apically and on pseudopygidial area; T1 smooth and shiny, branching pubescence present laterally and anteriorly, short dorsally, and absent towards sides, hairs longer on premarginal areas of T2–T5, longer on apical half than basally; posterior marginal areas with fine plumose hairs directed laterally; T6 with several long hairs apically. (22) Sterna: hairs long, plumose and pale, brownishanteriorly on S5–S6, long pubescence on S1 basally, S6 slightly depressed centrally with lateral patches of medially directed pale hairs; (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 108 and 109.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Dist. Fed. (Distrito Federal) #5, 1.4 mi. N. Morelos border, 28 Aug. 1972, Byers &amp; Thornhill (holotype male [KUM]); Morelos, near border with Dist. Fed., 19.1083 -99.1927, 3060m, 28.ix.2007, L. Packer (paratype male [PCYU], barcode label 03763E11- MEX).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for its large extended genal area, which is wider than the compound eye in lateral view, unlike most other species with a narrower genal area relative to the compound eye.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE2829965EFF43A0F3FB73FA7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE282F965CFF43A19EFEDDFC3A.text	332B87CE282F965CFF43A19EFEDDFC3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) gibbsi Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) gibbsi Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 110–111)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Michoacan, Quiroga, 7-15-56, R &amp; K Dreisbach [CUIC].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the following combination: clypeus, mesoscutum, and mesoscutellum with fine and dense punctures; inner hind tibial spur with less than 8 long teeth, separated by tooth width; metapostnotum with very short striae, dorsal surface strongly imbricate. This species is most similar to M. micheneri, M. astriatus, and M. punctatus, but differs by the round head (head longer than wide in M. micheneri and M. astriatus), and the strongly curved inner hind tibial spur (nearly straight in M. punctatus).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 7.7mm, wing length 5.5mm, head width 1.63mm, ITW 1.15mm. Head metallic green, mesosoma green. Head: round, L:W = 1.06:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with subrectangular basal area, medial length 0.33X width, basal elevation flattened, apicomedian area elevated, distal process narrow triangular; mandible dark brown basally, becoming red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, about third apical surface brown, metallic green above; length shorter than length of supraclypeal area (0.82X), 0.6 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, less protuberant than supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1.5–2pd throughout basal green 2/3 of clypeal area, becoming slightly more crowded laterally, punctures on apical area larger and scattered. (3) Supraclypeal area: shiny, slightly dulled mesad of antennal sockets; convex, slightly protuberant, about 0.92X as wide as long, greatest width subequal to length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; punctures separated by 1–1.5pd laterally, becoming sparser medially and apically. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, becoming weakly imbricate towards antennal socket; punctures separated by &lt;1pd, becoming slightly sparser laterad of supraclypeal area, finer along inner ocular margin (1–2pd), punctures fine and well separated towards paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe very sparsely and finely punctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, reaching 2MOD in front of median ocellus; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 2.0MOD, OOD = 1.9MOD, OVD = 1.1MOD; larger punctures separated by 2–3pd, smaller punctures by 1–2pd. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area subequal in width to compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 3–4pd above, denser below (1–2pd), hypostomal area with very sparse punctures, separated by&gt;5pd. (8) Antenna: dark brown, scape, pedicel, and F1– F3 darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior margin of median ocellus, pedicel and F1 slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal, both slightly wider than long and shorter than F1, F2 to F10 slightly increasing in length apically, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, nearly impunctate, very minutely imbricate; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: nearly entirely shiny, with minute imbrication anteriorly; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures separated by&gt;4pd, smaller punctures separated by 1–2pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: entirely shiny, with a median impressed line on basal half; punctation similar to that of mesoscutum. (12) Metanotum: slightly dull due to imbrication; large punctures similar to those of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, small punctures much smaller and finer, separated by ~2pd. (13) Mesopleuron: shiny and polished above imbricate below; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures sparse, mostly separated by&gt;6pd, but posteriorly denser (~3pd), smaller punctures very fine, separated by 2–4pd; pre-episternum imbricate and dull, punctation denser and coarser above, similar to that of mesopleuron below; hypoepimeral area and disc of episternum smooth, shiny and very finely and sparsely punctate. (14) Metapleuron: dull, becoming slightly shiny on lower 1/4, basal transverse striation strong on upper 1/3. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: dorsal length of metapostnotum slightly longer than posterior width, posterior margin rounded, dorsally bare, entirely imbricate, imbrication strongest basally, minutely alveolate on basal half, strongly striate basally across entire width, extending to apical; propodeum impunctate posteriorly, strongly imbricate laterally, shiny and polished posteriorly, with fine and sparse punctures. (16) Wings: clear, veins brown, stigma about 2/3 as long as marginal cell, membrane slightly infuscate; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell less than 3 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: imbricate and finely punctate anteriorly, with long branched hairs, becoming shiny and translucent posteriorly. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden; ventral surfaces of coxa, trochanter, and femur with long hairs; dense long unbranched hairs on tibia and basitarsus, tarsi with sparse long hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg except as follows: hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus and on basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg except as follows: coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect, basal 1/6 with dark spine-like hairs; basitarsus with some branched hairs among erect hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3; tibial spurs translucent yellow; inner hind tibial spur curved, with less than 10 long teeth, teeth separated by tooth width. Metasoma: Metallic reflections on metasomal terga absent. (21) Terga: brown basally becoming hyaline on apex of apical impressed areas; T1–T2 paler brown than T3–T5; surface imbricate, punctures separated by 2–4pd, apical impressed areas very finely and sparsely punctate; T1 entirely shiny and polished; pubescence pale, long branching pubescence present laterally, hairs longer apically on premarginal areas of T2–T4, T5 with dense pubescence, few dark branched hairs among paler ones, pubescence reddish-golden on pseudopygidial area. (22) Sterna: hairs long, longest pubescence on S1 basally, plumose and pale on S2–S5, brownish anteriorly on S5–S6.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Michoacan, Quiroga, 7-15-56, R &amp; K Dreisbach (holotype female [CUIC]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the “bee guru, Jason Gibbs, for his many helpful comments and for kindly providing three new species of Mexalictus (towards this revision) from the collection at Cornell University, this being one of them.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE282F965CFF43A19EFEDDFC3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE282D9662FF43A05FFAF6FD49.text	332B87CE282D9662FF43A05FFAF6FD49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) guatemalensis Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) guatemalensis Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 112–113)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. GUATEMALA, San Marcos, km 1.3 Bojonal Road, 1456’N 9152’W, 1600m, 13–14.vii.2001, DCH, DY [UCRC]; collection code UCRC ENT 66829.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: absence of basal carinulae on the metapleuron; mesosoma entirely dull with well-spaced, evenly distributed, uniformly-sized punctures throughout; striation on dorsal metapostnotum very weak and short; mesosoma entirely dull due to imbrication; apical impressed areas of terga distinctly punctate. This species is similar to M. hansoni, M. hondurensis, and M. mandibularis, but can be differentiated by the shinier mesosoma, where the punctures are very distinct (obscured by strongly granular sculpture), and the dinstincly punctate apical impressed area of the metasomal terga.</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 8.5–8.7mm, forewing length 6.2–6.5mm, head width 1.80– 1.86mm, ITW 1.38–1.40mm. Head and mesosoma metallic green; pubescence pale whitish. Head: slightly longer than wide, L:W = 1.09:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum dark brown, with a subrectangular basal area raised medioapically with lateral areas shiny and flattened, narrow triangular distal process; basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, nearly entire apical half black; length subequal to length of supraclypeal area, nearly entire length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, less protuberant than supraclypeal area; punctures separated by &lt;1pd basally, evenly distributed throughout, less dense apically with larger punctures separated by 2pd. (3) Supraclypeal area: convex, slightly protuberant, greatest width nearly equal to length from upper clypeal margin to mid-level of antennal sockets; punctation usually even throughout, lateral areas with punctures separated by 1–2pd, central area with punctures sometimes slightly less dense, dulled area between antennal sockets more evident. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, becoming dull towards antennal socket; punctures separated by 1pd, becoming slightly sparser laterad to supraclypeal area (1–2pd), punctures fine and well separated towards paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe very sparsely and finely punctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae from lower margin of antennal socket to 2ASD above antennal socket, with a visible line continuing above to shiny impunctate triangle anterior to medial ocellus; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 1.5MOD, OOD = 1.6MOD, OVD = 1.0MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures more dense. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area subequal to compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by&gt;2pd, hypostomal area slightly dull, very sparsely punctate. (8) Antenna: scape reaching posterior median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F10 as wide as long. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, more shiny dorsally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: basal area dulled medially and along admedian line, otherwise entirely shiny; punctures evenly distributed (3–4pd), slightly more dense along admedian line (1–2pd). (11) Mesoscutellum: shiny becoming slightly dulled apically, with a depressed midline through basal half; punctures more dense than those of mesoscutum; small punctures finer and separated by 1–1.5pd becoming denser laterally and apically, larger punctures separated by 3–4pd. (12) Metanotum: mostly dull, may appear somewhat shiny at certain angles, with extremely minute punctures. (13) Mesopleuron: dulled, punctures sparse, separated by&gt;5pd with finer punctures scattered posteriorly among larger punctures; pre-episternum weakly granular anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum nearly impunctate and smooth. (14) Metapleuron: basal transverse striation absent, shiny becoming slightly dull below, with extremely fine punctures. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum dorsally bare, shiny anteriorly, weakly granular anteromedially, somewhat shiny, smooth and impunctate posteriorly, apically rounded; dorsal striation present basally, strong laterally, extending to apical, centrally obscure; propodeum weakly granular laterally. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or one vein width basad of second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin 2/3 length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching shorter erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, only apex darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth. Metasoma: (21) Terga: nearly entirely shiny, nearly uniform in colour, apical impressed areas more polished than basal areas; metallic reflections absent; punctures separated by 2–3pd basally, becoming deeper and more sparse in apical impressed area (&gt;3pd); T1 entirely shiny and polished, sometimes with a horizontal medial dulled area; T2–T5 with apical regions shiny and polished, basal regions slightly dulled and rough in appearance due to the fine and dense punctures; pubescence pale on T1–T3 with short and thin hairs sparsely distributed throughout tergum and few dark hairs scattered laterally, pubescence dark and long on T4–T5, more dense than on T1–T3. (22) Sterna: ventral hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish on anterior surface of S5–S6, long pubescence on S1 near crossing with mesosoma.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. GUATEMALA, San Marcos, km 1.3 Bojonal Road, 1456’N 9152’W, 1600m, 13– 14.vii.2001, DCH, DY (holotype female: UCRC ENT 66829 [UCRC]); Dept. of Guatemala, Puerta Parada, 14.5km E Guatemala City, 23.viii.81 (4 paratype females [LESG]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after its type locality, Guatemala. Although there are other species known from Guatemala, they are found in southern Mexico as well, whereas this species is currently only known from Guatemala City.</p> <p>Comments. The specimen from San Marcos is slightly duller and has a smaller head (width 1.72mm).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE282D9662FF43A05FFAF6FD49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28139663FF43A688FAAAF8AC.text	332B87CE28139663FF43A688FAAAF8AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) hansoni Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) hansoni Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 114–119)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. COSTA RICA, San Jose, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600m, Sep – Oct 93, P. Hanson [USUIC]; collection code BBSL 183910.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by the following combination: head and mesosoma metallic purple, sculpture on head and mesosoma strongly granular; clypeal punctation uniform in size and spacing; basal striation of metapostnotum irregularly wrinkled, striae shorter laterally; hair white on all trochantera and femora, but legs otherwise dark pubescent. This species is similar to M. hondurensis, M. guatemalensis, and M. mandibularis, but can be differentiated by its purple colour (blue-green to green).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 8.0– 8.2mm, forewing length 6.0– 6.2mm, head width 1.76– 1.80mm, ITW 1.31–1.34mm. Head and mesosoma metallic purple, pubescence pale whitish. Head: round, L:W = 1.04–1.09:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: with subrectangular basal area, medial length equal to half of width, flattened basal elevation, elevated apicomedial area, narrow triangular distal process. (2) Clypeus: dull and granular, metallic blue basally becoming dark brown in apical half where surface is slightly shiny; length 0.85X length of supraclypeal area, 0.80 of length below lower compound eye; weakly convex in lateral view, slightly protuberant, mandible with distinct subapical tooth; punctures separated by 1–2pd, becoming deeper apically; hairs dark and erect, unbranched, subapical row of dark bristles. (3) Supraclypeal area dull, convex, protuberance greater than that of clypeus, largest width slightly smaller than length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; basal and lateral areas with punctures separated by 1–2pd, punctation more sparse apicomedially. (4) Lower paraocular area: punctation larger and more sparse below upper margin of antennal sockets than above, separated by 1–2pd, smaller around inner margin of compound eye, becoming smaller and more finely punctate between lower ocular tangentand paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe impunctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, starting 1ASD to 2ASD above antennal socket and terminating 1MOD below median ocellus; punctation dense above antennae, separated by &lt;0.5pd. (6) Vertexal area: shiny with weak transverse depression; IOD = 1.7MOD, OOD = 1.8MOD, OVD = 1.4MOD; punctures separated by &lt;2pd, becoming slightly more obscured posteriorly. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area as wide as compound eye in lateral view, dull with punctures separated by 1–2pd, hypostomal area with punctate extrememly sparse. (8) Antenna: scape reaching posterior median ocellus, subequal in length to F1–F5 (half flagellar length) pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F2–F10, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: shiny and impunctate, becoming slightly dulled ventrolaterally; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: entirely dull and granular; punctures separated by 1–3pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: punctures similar to those of mesoscutum, but slightly more sparse laterally, medial longitudinal area densely punctate especially apically. (12) Metanotum: punctures dense and extremely minute, giving the surface a dull appearance. (13) Mesopleuron: shiny and closely punctate, punctures shallow and somewhat obscure especially towards ventral surface, separated by &lt;2pd; pre-episternum densely and coarsely punctate, weakly granular anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum nearly impunctate and smooth, if granular, punctures light or nearly absent. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, somewhat shiny and entirely impunctate. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum half as long as basal width, posteriorly angulate, dorsally bare, basally shiny becoming weakly granular baso-medially, basal striation irregularly wrinkled, very short laterally, weakened centrally, covering over 1/2 dorsal surface, creating a slightly depressed triangle; propodeum posteriorly somewhat shiny, smooth and impunctate;. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma dark brown, stigma slightly longer than 1/2 length of marginal cell, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or up to 2 vein widths basad of second tranverse cubital vein. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent, with hyaline, dull anterior margin. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed basally with long branching white hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs dark brown; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth. Metasoma: (21) Terga: entirely shiny, nearly uniform in colour; metallic reflections absent; T1 entirely shiny and polished, nearly impunctate, T2–T4 with punctures separated by 2–3pd basally, becoming deeper and more sparse apically (&gt;5pd), apical margins nearly impunctate, T5 with sparse and deeper punctures, separated by 4–6pd; pubescence pale on T1–T3 with short and thin hairs sparsely distributed throughout tergum and few dark hairs scattered laterally, pubescence dark and long on T4–T5, more dense than on T1–T3. (22) Sterna: long pubescence on S1 near margin with mesosoma; hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish on anterior surface of S5–S6.</p> <p>Male (Allotype): Body length 7.0– 7.3mm, wing length 5.3–5.5mm, head width 1.58–1.60mm, ITW 1.06– 1.09mm. As for female except as follows: Head and mesosoma dark green. Head: round, L:W = 1.05:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: basally, about 2.6X as wide as long; rounded, smooth elevation extending length and width, medially flattened, may appear slightly indented; distal process extending beyond basal area for up to 0.5X length of labrum. (2) Clypeus: lower third of dark purple-brown subapical row of dark bristles absent. (5) Frontal area: frontal line not carinate above antennal sockets. (6) Vertexal area: IOD = 1.6MOD, OOD = 2.0MOD, OVD = 1.2MOD. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly narrower than compound eye in lateral view. (8) Antenna: reaching basal mesoscutellum; scape reaching median anterior ocellus; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 slightly longer than pedicel, about as long as wide, longer than F2, subequal in size to F3–F10. Metasoma (21) Terga: metallic reflections absent; pygidial plate broadly rounded with elevated rim, depressed centrally, shiny and smooth, or with irregular rough areas. (22) Sterna: S4–S6 with graduli distant from antecostae, at about a right angle; S4 with long plumose hairs medially directed on concave apico-median area; S5 broadly concave centrally, medial plumose hairs longest apically, projecting ventrally as apical tuft; S6 not emarginate apically, bare basomedially, with plumose hairs medially directed. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 118, 119.</p> <p>Material examined. COSTA RICA, San Jose, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600m, Sep – Oct 93, P. Hanson (holotype female, allotype male, paratype female: BBSL 183910, BBSL 183902, BBSL 183911, respectively [USUIC]); VIII–IX 1989, Paul Hanson (2 paratype females: BBSL 183909, no. 000 023 080 [USUIC]); 1003’03N 8400’22W, 1600m, Malaise trap, Mar 1992, P. Hanson (2 female paratypes: PCYU-CR-PH30, PCYU-CR-PH36 [PCYU]); PANAMA, Chiriqui, 6.0km NE Boquete, 1650m, 848’0’’N 8226’0’’W, 14 June 1996, J. Ashe &amp; R. Brooks, PAN1AB96 180B, flight intercept trap (2 female paratypes: KUNHM-ENT SM0016747, SM0016748 [KUM]); Hartman’s Finca, 28.vi–3.vii.1981 (1 paratype female [USUIC]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of Paul Hanson, who collected most of the known specimens of this species and who has been extremely helpful to the author, especially with field work in Costa Rica.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28139663FF43A688FAAAF8AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28109666FF43A4E3FDAAFCBD.text	332B87CE28109666FF43A4E3FDAAFCBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) hondurensis Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) hondurensis Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 120–121)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. HONDURAS, Departmento Francisco, Morazán Monte Uyuca ca. Zamorano, 1800m, 1-VIII- 92, Cloudforest, C. Porter, L. Stange [FSCA].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: head and mesosoma metallic blue-green, sculpture on head and mesosoma strongly granular; clypeal punctation uniform in size and spacing; basal striation of metapostnotum strong and deep; hair white on all trochantera and femora, but legs otherwise dark pubescent. This species is similar to M. hansoni, M. guatemalensis, and M. mandibularis, but can be differentiated bythe strong and even striation on the dorsal metapostnotum (weak, wrinkled medially).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 7.7–7.8mm, forewing length 6.4–6.5mm, head width 1.85– 1.87mm, ITW 1.30mm. Head and mesosoma metallic green; pubescence pale whitish. Head: round, L:W = 1.02:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum dark brown, with a subrectangular basal area raised medioapically with lateral areas shiny and flattened, narrow triangular distal process; basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, nearly entire apical half black; length 0.85X length of supraclypeal area, 3/4 length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, less protuberant than supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1–2pd basally, slightly denser along basal margin, punctures larger apically, separated by ~2pd. (3) Supraclypeal area: convex, slightly protuberant, greatest width nearly equal to length from upper clypeal margin to mid-level of antennal sockets; punctation even throughout, punctures separated by 1–2pd, dulled area between antennal sockets more evident. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny along inner margin of compound eye, otherwise dull towards; punctures separated by 1–2pd, becoming slightly sparser laterad to supraclypeal area (2–3pd), punctures fine and well separated towards paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe very sparsely and extremely finely punctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae from 1MOD below lower margin of antennal socket to shiny impunctate triangle anterior to medial ocellus; area directly above antenna shiny and impunctate, punctation coarse and crowded above. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression, interocellar area raised and roughly sculptured; IOD = 1.6MOD, OOD = 1.5MOD, OVD = 1.0MOD; larger punctures deep and separated by 2–3pd, smaller punctures fine more dense (1–2pd). (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area subequal to compound eye in lateral view, dull with fine punctures separated by&gt;2pd, hypostomal area strongly dull and nearly impunctate. (8) Antenna: scape reaching posterior median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F3, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, more shiny dorsally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: entirely dull; punctures sparse anteriorly, separated by&gt;4pd, becoming closer on central disc (2–3pd) and laterally (1–2pd). (11) Mesoscutellum: shiny becoming slightly dulled apically and laterally, with an depressed midline; punctures more sparse than mesoscutum, small punctures finer and separated by 2–3pd becoming sparse in central disc, with few sparse large punctures in central disc, separated by 3–4pd. (12) Metanotum: dull, with sparse punctures separated by&gt;3pd. (13) Mesopleuron: dull to weakly granular, punctures separated by 1–2pd, becoming sparse below (&gt;4pd); pre-episternum with a few deep coarse punctures above, directly below pronotal lobe, punctures similar to mesopleuron anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum very finely and sparsely punctate (2–3pd). (14) Metapleuron: basal transverse striation faint; becoming slightly shiny below, with extremely fine punctures. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum basally shiny, posteriorly imbricate, striation present basally, strong laterally, extending to apical 2/ 3; propodeum somewhat shiny, smooth and impunctate posteriorly, posteriorly rounded, dorsally bare, with sparse long branched hairs posteriorly. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin 2/3 length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: strongly dull anteriorly, slightly shiny in central disc posteriorly; punctures fine and separated by 2–3pd anteriorly becoming deeper posteriorly, separated by 4–5pd; with few long branched hairs laterad. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs pale golden, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short golden erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with dark brown-black erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched dark sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa slightly depressed laterally with fine hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with lateral patch of dark, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of black long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs brown, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long pale whitish branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, white pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs dark brown; hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth. Metasoma: (21) Terga: basally dull and apically shiny, with a dulled horizontal medial area, nearly uniform in colour, metallic reflections absent; T1– T4 with lateral raised areas; punctures separated by 2–4pd basally, becoming fine, shallow and more sparse in apical impressed area (&gt;5pd); T1 entirely shiny and polished; T2–T5 with apical regions shiny and polished, basal regions slightly dulled and rough in appearance; pubescence pale on T1–T3 with short and thin hairs sparsely distributed throughout tergum and few dark hairs scattered laterally, pubescence dark and long on T4–T5, more dense than on T1–T3. (22) Sterna: ventral hairs long, plumose and pale on S1–S3, S4–S6 with hairs dark brown becoming pale in basal half.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. HONDURAS, Dto. Fco. (Departmento Francisco) Morazán Monte Uyuca ca. Zamorano 1800m, 1-VIII-92, Cloudforest, C. Porter, L. Stange (holotype female [FSCA]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after its type locality, Honduras. It is the only species of Mexalictus currently known from this country.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28109666FF43A4E3FDAAFCBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28179664FF43A2E7FD20FDF9.text	332B87CE28179664FF43A2E7FD20FDF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) laurencei Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) laurencei Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 122–125)</p> <p>Holotype. Male. MEXICO, Jalisco, Volcan Colima, north road, 1960.736 N 10356.980 W, 2700m, 7.x.2008, L. Packer [PCYU]; barcode accession number 03763H05-MEX..</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: gena large and posteriorly striate; supraclypeal area medioapically impunctate; 1 st recurrent vein entering 2 nd submarginal cell 1–2 vein widths from apex. This species is similar to M. genalis but differs in the presence of posterior striation of the gena, vertexal area densely punctate, striation on dorsal surface metapostnotum fine, obvious laterally and obscure centrally.</p> <p>Description. Female: unknown.</p> <p>Male (Holotype): Body length 7.9–8.0, wing length 5.7–6.0mm, head width 1.65–1.7mm, ITW 1.0– 1.05mm. Head and mesosoma metallic dark green, pubescence pale, whitish. Head: slightly elongate, L:W = 1.05–1.08:1; pubescence yellowish on head and vertex anteriorly. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically; with subrectangular basal area, medial length equal to half of width, flattened basal elevation, raised apical lobe, narrow triangular distal process. (2) Clypeus: shiny, apical margin dark brown; slightly longer than supraclypeal area, extending about 0.95X its length below lower eye margin, weakly convex in lateral view, protuberance about equal to supraclypeal area. Punctures separated by 1pd basally, less dense apically. (3) Supraclypeal area: as wide as to slightly wider than long, largest width subequal to length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; weakly granular, slightly shiny centrally; convex, slightly protuberant, punctation dense basally and laterally, sparse medially, lateral areas with punctures separated by 1–2pd, central area with punctures scattered, slightly dulled between antennal sockets. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, becoming slightly dull towards supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd becoming slightly sparser laterad to supraclypeal area; paraocular lobe finely and evenly punctate, punctures separated by 2–3pd. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, slightly distinct above antennal sockets, with visible line continuing up to medial ocellus, shiny impunctate triangle nearly absent; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 1.7MOD, OOD = 1.6MOD, OVD = 1MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures closely spaced; punctuation more dense near eyes. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area narrower than eye in lateral view, about 0.75X, granular. (8) Antenna: dark brown, flagellum weakly reddish ventrally, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 appearing darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: metallic reflections absent, (9) Pronotum: smooth, nearly impunctate, shiny; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: weakly dulled throughout; densely and slightly coarsely punctate along margins and admedian line; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures deep, separated by 2–4pd, smaller punctures shallow and more dense, mostly on lateral and apical surfaces of mesoscutum. (11) Mesoscutellum: basally shiny with apical dulled; punctation similar to those of mesoscutum, large punctures very sparse, small punctures most dense apically and along medial line; with a medial carinate line raised, extending to apical. (12) Metanotum: entirely dulled, with sparse punctures similar in diameter to those of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum. (13) Mesopleuron: obscurely punctate, not shiny or very weakly shiny, granular, with punctuation sparse to absent; hypoepimeral area and central episternum mostly impunctate, smooth. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, otherwise weakly granular and somewhat shiny. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: length of metapostnotum slightly larger than apical width, apically angulate, dorsally bare, strongly granular basally with fine longitudinal striation extending farther basally, weak or absent medially; propodeum laterally and posteriorly granular, weakly shiny. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or 1 vein width basad of second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: dark brown; punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent, with hyaline, dull anterior margin. (18) Foreleg: dark brown; hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching shorter erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur curved, rather coarsely serrate with 8 blunt teeth apically, laterally darkened. Metasoma: reflections on metasomal terga weak to absent, (21) Terga: brown apically; basal regions punctate, apical regions nearly impunctate; purple-black basally, T1 entirely shiny and polished, sometimes with a horizontal medial dulled area; T2–T5 with apical regions shiny and polished, basal regions dulled and somewhat rough in appearance; metallic reflections mostly evident on T3–T5, more distinct posteriorly; pubescence pale on T1–T4, darker on T5, reddish to dark brown apical and pseudopygidial area; hairs long and sparse on anterior surface of T1, short dorsally, and absent between dorsal and lateral surfaces, hairs longer apically on premarginal areas of T2–T4, longer apically than basally; posterior marginal areas with fine plumose hairs directed laterally; T1 smooth and shiny, branching pubescence present laterally and anteriorly; T2 relatively bare with short, erect pubescence; T3 least shiny, sparse erect hairs, longer pubescence along midline, about 3 X as long as other pubescence; T4 bearing only long branched pubescence, apical impressed areas translucent; T5 with dense pubescence, branched hairs longer than unbranched; black anteriorly, golden posteriorly. (22) Sterna: ventral hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish on anterior surface of S5–S6, long pubescence on S1 near crossing with mesosoma; S2–S4 largest segments. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 124 and 125.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Jalisco, Volcan Colima, north road, 1960.736 N 10356.980 W, 2700m, 7.x.2008, L. Packer (holotype male [PCYU], barcode label 03763H05- MEX).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of Laurence Packer, the collector of the sole specimen of this species, for his support throughout this study.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28179664FF43A2E7FD20FDF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE2814966BFF43A4E3FDD4F95C.text	332B87CE2814966BFF43A4E3FDD4F95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) mandibularis Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) mandibularis Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 126–131)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas, Huitepec, 2500m, N1644’50 W9241’21 3-iv- 2009, P. Sagot [ECOSUR]; barcode accession number 03763E09-MEX.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by the following combination: head and mesosoma dull to granular; clypeus uniformly punctate. The female could be diagnosed by the shiny and nearly impunctate lower paraocular area. The male is unique from all other species in the genus by the following: head wide with clypeus very short, gena much widened in lateral view, and mandible extremely elongate and slender without a subapical tooth. The female of this species is most similar to M. hansoni, M. hondurensis, and M. guatemalensis, but can be differentiated by the impunctate lower paraocular area (at least minutely punctate). The male of this species similar to M. genalis, M. laurencei, and M. mexicanus in having a large expanded and pointed gena in, but can be distinguished by the overall larger body size and the microserrate inner hind tibial spur (bluntly serrate).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 8.7–8.9mm, wing length 6.5–6.7mm, head width 1.82– 1.85mm, ITW 1.30mm. Head and mesosoma metallic dark green, pubescence pale, whitish. Head: slightly wider than long, L:W = 0.96:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, with subrectangular basal area, medial length equal to half of width, flattened basal elevation, raised apical process, narrow triangular distal process; basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, nearly half apical surface dark purple-brown; slightly shorter than supraclypeal area, extending about 0.95X length below lower eye margin, weakly convex in lateral view, protuberance about equal to supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1–2pd, fine basally becoming coarser apically. (3) Supraclypeal area: as wide as to slightly wider than long, largest width subequal to length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; entirely granular, convex, protuberance greater than clypeus; punctation even basally and laterally, separated by 1–2pd, becoming sparse medially. (4) Lower paraocular area: dull above and towards supraclypeal area, shiny apically and laterally along inner margin of compound eye; punctures separated by 1–3pd except most of lower paraocular area where surface is shiny and impunctate along inner margin of compound eye below level of antennal sockets and below upper clypeal margin towards paraocular lobe. (5) Frontal area with frontal line carinate between antennae, slightly distinct above antennal sockets, becoming imarginate above, continuing up to medial ocellus, shiny impunctate triangle nearly absent; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation fine, extremely dense and crowded above antennae, punctures larger and more sparse below. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 2.5MOD, OOD = 3.0MOD, OVD = 1.8MOD; larger punctures separated by twice their diameter, smaller punctures closely spaced; punctuation more dense near eyes. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area narrower than eye in lateral view, about 0.75X, granular. (8) Antenna: dark brown, flagellum weakly reddish ventrally, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 appearing darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: metallic reflections absent, (9) Pronotum: smooth, nearly impunctate, dull; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: nearly dulled throughout, microsculpture more strongly imbricate along margins than in central disc where surface is somewhat shiny; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures deeper and separated by&gt;4pd, smaller punctures shallow and more dense (2–3), very dense along parapsidal line (&lt;1pd), becoming shallow and more obscure laterally where surface is much dulled. (11) Mesoscutellum: entirely dulled; punctation similar to those of mesoscutum, large punctures very sparse, small punctures most dense apically and along medial line which is basally depressed, extending nearly to apical. (12) Metanotum: entirely dulled, with punctures very obscure. (13) Mesopleuron: dull and granular, punctures sparse and evenly distributed, separated by&gt;3pd; hypoepimeral area granular, finely punctate along upper margin, nearly impunctate below; pre-episternum with punctation similar to mesopleuron. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, otherwise weakly granular and somewhat shiny. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: length of metapostnotum slightly longer than apical width, apically rounded, dorsally bare, strongly granular basally, with very short longitudinal striation, weak or absent medially; propodeum becoming weakly shiny laterally and posteriorly. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or 1 vein width basad of second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin 2/3 length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: dark brown; punctate anteriorly with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent, with hyaline, dull anterior margin. (18) Foreleg: dark brown; hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching shorter erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long pale branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs dark, long and erect, mostly branched; basitarsus with several branched hairs among erect dark hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate with over 15 fine, short teeth. Metasoma: reflections on metasomal terga weak to absent, (21) Terga: entirely shiny, nearly uniform in colour; metallic reflections absent; T1 entirely shiny and polished, nearly impunctate, T2–T4 with punctures separated by 2–3pd basally, becoming deeper and more sparse apically (&gt;5pd), apical margins nearly impunctate, T5 with sparse and deeper punctures, separated by 4–6pd; pubescence pale on T1–T3 with short and thin hairs sparsely distributed throughout tergum and few dark hairs scattered laterally, pubescence dark and long on T4– T5, more dense than on T1–T3. (22) Sterna: ventral hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish on anterior surface of S5– S6, long pubescence on S1 near crossing with mesosoma; S2–S4 largest segments.</p> <p>Male (Allotype): Body length 9.2–9.4mm, wing length 6.8–7.0mm, head width 2.0– 2.2mm, ITW 1.22– 1.25mm. Head and mesosoma green. Head: Wider than long, L:W = 0.83:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: basally, about 2.6 X as wide as long; rounded, smooth elevation extending length and width, medially flattened, may appear slightly indented; distal process extending beyond basal area for up to 0.5X length of labrum; mandible without subapical tooth, extremely elongate, reaching far beyond outer eye angle when closed. (2) Clypeus: metallic green basally, gradually becoming dark brown towards apical; short, about 3X as wide as long, with an apicomedial imargination, greatly protuberant centrally, becoming flattened laterally past paraocular lobe; punctures sparse throughout, separated by 2–4pd. (3) Supraclypeal area: granular, as wide as long, punctures separated by 1–2pd laterally and basally, becoming sparse medioapically. (5) Frontal area: frontal line only carinate between upper margin of antennal sockets and 1.5MOD below median ocellus; punctures dense and crowded from ocelli to level of antennal sockets, including interantennal space. (6) Vertexal area: dulled, mostly granular; IOD = 2.5MOD, OOD = 3.0MOD, OVD = 1.8MOD; punctures separated by 1–2pd medially, becoming sparser laterally towards compound eyes. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area shiny distally, slightly dull near compound eyes, distinctly wider than eye in lateral view, posteriorly expanded into broadly rounded projection; punctures fine and sparse, separated by 2–3pd above, becoming coarse and sparse below. (8) Antenna: reaching basal mesoscutellum; scape reaching median anterior ocellus; pedicel about as long as wide; flagellomere 1 slightly longer than pedicel, about as long as wide, longer than flagellomere 2, subequal in size to flagellomeres 3–10. Metasoma (21) Terga: metallic reflections absent; pygidial plate broadly rounded with elevated rim, depressed centrally, shiny and smooth, or with irregular rough areas. (22) Sterna: S4 with long plumose hairs medially directed on concave apicomedian area; S5 broadly concave centrally, medial plumose hairs longest apically, projecting ventrally as apical tuft, with small lateral patches of black hairs; S6 with a basal patch of apico-medially directed hairs. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 130, 131.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas, Huitepec, 2500m, N1644’50 W9241’21 3-iv-2009, P. Sagot (holotype female [ECOSUR]); San Cristobal de las Casas, Huitepec, 11-ii-2008 (allotype male [ECOSUR], barcode label 03763H07- MEX); Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas, Huitepec, 2550m, N1644’42 W9241’05 27-i-2009, P. Sagot (paratype male [ECOSUR], barcode label 03763F12- MEX).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for the long mandibles characteristic of the male. Although males of most species of Mexalictus possess longer mandibles than their respective females, the mandibles of M. mandibularis are extremely long, slender, and pointed.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE2814966BFF43A4E3FDD4F95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE281A966EFF43A37BFE55FAD1.text	332B87CE281A966EFF43A37BFE55FAD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) mexicanus Eickwort	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) mexicanus Eickwort</p> <p>(Figs. 132–137)</p> <p>Mexalictus mexicanus Eickwort, 1978, J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 51(4): 570-577. Female, male.</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, 16 Mi E Toluca, 31 July 1962, University of Kansas Mexico Expedition, 9500ft [KUM].</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by the following combination: gena dull and strongly granular; metapostnotum and propodeum strongly granular, with fine dorsal striation; outer hind tibial spur coarsely serrate, with 8 blunt teeth apically. The male is distinguished by the following: gena wider than compound eye, posteriorly expanded; mandible slender and long, without a subapical tooth. The female is diagnosable by the strongly granular metapostnotum and propodeum; no other female has this character. The male of this species is similar to M. genalis and M. laurencei but can be separated by the entirely dull (shiny) and posteriorly curved (pointed) gena.</p> <p>Redescription, Female: Body length 7.8–7.9mm, wing length 6.0– 6.2mm, head width 1.70–1.75mm, ITW 1.14mm. Head and mesosoma metallic dark green, pubescence pale, whitish. Head: slightly elongate, L:W = 1.04– 1.08:1; pubescence yellowish on head and vertex anteriorly, compound eyes bare. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically; with subrectangular basal area, medial length equal to half of width, flattened basal elevation, raised apically, narrow triangular distal process. (2) Clypeus: shiny, nearly third apical surface dark purple-brown; slightly longer than supraclypeal area, extending about 0.95X length below lower eye margin, weakly convex in lateral view, protuberance about equal to supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd basally, less dense apically. (3) Supraclypeal area: as wide as to slightly wider than long, largest width subequal to length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; weakly granular, slightly shiny centrally becoming dulled between antennal sockets; convex, slightly protuberant, punctation evenly distributed, slightly sparser medioapically. (4) Lower paraocular area: dull above and towards supraclypeal area, shiny apically and laterally along inner margin of compound eye; punctures separated by 1pd, sparser toward supraclypeal area (2pd), becoming finely punctate apically and nearly impunctate towards paraocular lobe. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, slightly distinct above antennal sockets, with visible line continuing up to medial ocellus, shiny impunctate triangle nearly absent; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 2MOD, OOD = 1.6MOD, OVD = 1.2MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures closely spaced; punctuation more dense near eyes. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area shiny, hypostomal area dulled; genal area subequal to compound eye in lateral view; punctures separated by 1–3pd, somewhat denser near outer margin of compound eye. (8) Antenna: dark brown, flagellum weakly reddish ventrally, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 appearing darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: metallic reflections absent, (9) Pronotum: smooth, nearly impunctate, shiny; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: weakly dulled throughout; densely and slightly coarsely punctate along margins and admedian line; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures deep, separated by 2–4pd, smaller punctures shallow and more dense, mostly on lateral and apical surfaces of mesoscutum. (11) Mesoscutellum: basally shiny with apical dulled; punctation similar to those of mesoscutum, large punctures very sparse, small punctures most dense apically and along medial line; with a medial carinate line raised, extending to apical. (12) Metanotum: entirely dulled, with sparse punctures similar in diameter to those of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum. (13) Mesopleuron: obscurely punctate, not shiny or very weakly shiny, granular, with punctuation sparse to absent; hypoepimeral area and central episternum mostly impunctate, smooth. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, otherwise weakly granular and somewhat shiny. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: length of metapostnotum slightly longer than apical width, apically angulate, dorsally bare, strongly granular basally, with fine longitudinal striation extending farther basally, weak or absent medially; propodeum laterally and posteriorly granular, weakly shiny. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or 1 vein width basad of second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: dark brown; punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent, with hyaline, dull anterior margin. (18) Foreleg: dark brown; hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching shorter erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur curved, rather coarsely serrate with 8 blunt teeth apically, laterally darkened; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. Metasoma: reflections on metasomal terga weak to absent. (21) Terga: entirely shiny, nearly uniform in colour; metallic reflections absent; T1 entirely shiny and polished, nearly impunctate, T2–T4 with punctures separated by 2–3pd basally, becoming deeper and more sparse apically (&gt;5pd), apical margins nearly impunctate, T5 with sparse and deeper punctures, separated by 4–6pd; pubescence pale on T1–T3 with short and thin hairs sparsely distributed throughout tergum and few dark hairs scattered laterally, pubescence dark and long on T4–T5, more dense than on T1–T3. (22) Sterna: ventral hairs long, plumose and pale on S1 near crossing with mesosoma, becoming brownish S5–S6.</p> <p>Male: Body length 5.5–6.5mm, wing length 5.5–5.7mm, head width 1.60–1.64mm, ITW 0.95mm. Head and mesosoma dark green, pubescence on yellowish–white. Head: round, L:W = 1.02–1.03:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: basally, about 2.6 X as wide as long; rounded, smooth elevation extending length and width, medially flattened, may appear slightly depressed; distal process extending beyond basal area for up to 0.5X length of labrum; mandible dark brown, elongate, without subapical tooth, reaching beyond outer eye angle when closed. (2) Clypeus: nearly entirely metallic, apical margin brown; slightly wider than long, apically depressed; punctures separated by &lt;2pd basally, becoming sparser laterally and apically, especially in depressed area. (3) Supraclypeal area: protuberant, slightly longer than apical width; punctures separated by &lt;2pd laterally, becoming sparse medially. (5) Frontal area: frontal line not carinate above antennal sockets. (6) Vertexal area: IOD = 1.8MOD, OOD = 1.7MOD, OVD = 1MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures closely spaced; punctuation more dense near eyes. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly wider than eye in lateral view, posteriorly expanded broadly, nearly at a right angle, ventrally sharply angled; hypostomal area posteriorly striate. (8) Antenna: reaching basal mesoscutellum; scape reaching median anterior ocellus; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 slightly longer than pedicel, about as long as wide, longer than F2, subequal in size to F3–F10. Metasoma (21) Terga: metallic reflections absent; pygidial plate broadly rounded with elevated rim, depressed centrally, shiny and smooth, or with irregular rough areas. (22) Sterna: S4–S6 with graduli distant from antecostae, at about a right angle; S4 with long plumose hairs medially directed on concave apico-median area; S5 broadly concave centrally, medial plumose hairs longest apically, projecting ventrally as apical tuft; S6 with plumose hairs medially directed. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 136, 137.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Mexico, 15.5m E Toluca, 6 July 1961, 9500’, U. Kans. Mex. Exped. (University of Kansas Mexico Expedition); Distrito Federal, Desierto de los Leones, X. 13.62, H. &amp; M. Townes; Morelos, Huitzilac, Derrame del Chichinautzin, km 85.5, 04/05/1996, 11:20H 2475m 1901’26N 9909’07W; same locality, 01/12/1996, 10:30H; same locality, km 85, 15/10/1995, 10:35H 2500m 1901’31N 9909’22W; same locality, km 85.5, 28/08/1996, 12:55H 2520m 1901’34N 9909’39W; same locality, km 86.6, 16/08/1997, 13:30H 2450m 1901’33N 9908’ 36W.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE281A966EFF43A37BFE55FAD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE281F966DFF43A1F0FEA9FCF4.text	332B87CE281F966DFF43A1F0FEA9FCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) micheneri Eickwort	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) micheneri Eickwort</p> <p>(Figs. 138–143)</p> <p>Mexalictus micheneri Eickwort, 1978, J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 51(4): 570–577. Female, male.</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Durango, 35 mi SW El Salto, 23 July 1953, University of Kansas Mexico</p> <p>Expedition, 8400ft [KUM].</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished primarily by the elongate head. It is similar to M. astriatus but can be differentiated by the presence of basal striation on the metapostnotum (absent) and the 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd transcubital vein (meeting 1/3 cell width basad of 2 nd transcubital vein).</p> <p>Redescription, Female: Body length 7–7.5mm, forewing length 5.4–5.6mm, head width 1.5–1.6mm, ITW 1.18–1.19mm. Head and mesosoma metallic dark green, pubescence pale whitish. Head: elongate, L:W = 1.14– 1.19:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically; with subrectangular basal area, medial length equal to half of width, flattened basal elevation, elevated apicomedial area, narrow triangular distal process. (2) Clypeus: shiny, nearly half apical surface dark purple-brown; length subequal to length of supraclypeal area, 0.8X length below lower ocular orbit, weakly convex in lateral view, slightly protuberant; subapical row of dark bristles; mandible with distinct subapical tooth; punctures of 2 sizes basally, smaller punctures separated by &lt;1pd, larger punctures separated by &lt;2pd; punctures coarser apically, separated by&gt;2pd. (3) Supraclypeal area: shiny, convex, protuberance greater than that of clypeus, largest width slightly smaller than length from upper clypeal margin to lower margin of antennal sockets; punctures separated by 2pd, becoming sparse apicomedially, dense basally below antennal sockets where surface is slightly dulled. (4) Lower paraocular area: punctures becoming larger and sparse below upper margin of antennal sockets, separated by 1–2pd, punctures small and fine around inner margin of compound eye, paraocular lobe extremely finely punctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, from lower margin of antennal socket to 1ASD above antennal socket, becoming a non-carinate but visible line continuing up to shiny impunctate triangle anterior to medial ocellus; punctation above antennae dense and crowded. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression between lateral ocelli; IOD = 1.7MOD, OOD = 1.6MOD, OVD = 1MOD; area between lateral ocelli with fine punctures medially and few large punctures laterally, vertex with punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures separated by&gt;2pd, smaller punctures closely spaced, 1–2pd, becoming posteriorly obscure, punctation becoming somewhat sparse laterad of lateral ocellus. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area as wide as compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 2–3pd, hypostomal area nearly impunctate. (8) Antenna: dark brown, flagellum weakly reddish ventrally, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 appearing darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior median ocellus, subequal in length to F1–F5 (half flagellar length) pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: shiny and impunctate, becoming slightly dull ventrolaterally; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: entirely shiny; punctures of 2 sizes: larger punctures separated by 3–4pd, smaller punctures fine and more dense, separated by 1–2pd; punctation becoming somewhat sparser centrally. (11) Mesoscutellum: slightly elevated medially; punctures similar to those of mesoscutum, densely punctate at extreme ends (basally, apically and laterally) as well as surrounding medial elevated line, becoming sparse centrally between medial line and lateral edge. (12) Metanotum: punctures dense and extremely minute, giving the surface a dull appearance. (13) Mesopleuron: shiny and closely punctate, punctures shallow and somewhat obscure especially towards ventral surface, separated by &lt;2pd; pre-episternum densely and coarsely punctate, weakly granular anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum nearly impunctate and smooth, if granular, punctures light or nearly absent. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, somewhat shiny and entirely impunctate. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum half as long as basal width; apically angulate, dorsally bare, basally shiny becoming weakly granular baso-medially, dorsal striation very short laterally, weakened centrally, covering over 1/2 dorsal metapostnotum, creating a slightly depressed triangle; propodeum posteriorly somewhat shiny, smooth and impunctate. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma dark brown, stigma slightly longer than 1/2 length of marginal cell, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting second tranverse cubital. (17) Tegula: dark brown; punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent, with hyaline, dull anterior margin. (18) Foreleg: dark brown; hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed basally with long branching white hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur with less than 10 short teeth; outer hind tibial spur sharply angled at apical 1/5, almost at right angle. Metasoma: (21) Terga: entirely shiny, nearly uniform in colour; metallic reflections absent; T1 entirely shiny and polished, nearly impunctate, T2–T4 with punctures separated by 2–3pd basally, becoming deeper and more sparse apically (&gt;5pd), apical margins nearly impunctate, T5 with sparse and deeper punctures, separated by 4–6pd; pubescence pale on T1–T3 with short and thin hairs sparsely distributed throughout tergum and few dark hairs scattered laterally, pubescence dark and long on T4–T5, more dense than on T1–T3. (22) Sterna: basal and apical regions smooth and shiny, apical margins hyaline; basally polished and impunctate, apical half punctate; S1 with long pubescence near basal margin, S2–S6 with hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish on anterior surface of S5–S6.</p> <p>Male: Body length 7.5–7.8mm, wing length 5.0– 5.2mm, head width 1.45–1.50mm, ITW 0.94–0.95mm. As for female except as follows: Head and mesosoma dark green. Head: longer than wide, L:W = 1.15–1.18:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: basally, about 2.6 X as wide as long; rounded, smooth elevation extending length and width, medially flattened, may appear slightly indented; distal process extending beyond basal area for up to 0.5 X length of labrum. (2) Clypeus: apical third dark purple-brown; subapical row of dark bristles absent; mandible with distinct subapical tooth. (5) Frontal area: frontal line not carinate above antennal sockets. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly narrower than compound eye in lateral view. (8) Antenna: reaching basal mesoscutellum; scape reaching median anterior ocellus; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 slightly longer than pedicel, about as long as wide, longer than F2, subequal in size to F3–F10. Metasoma (21) Terga: metallic reflections absent; pygidial plate broadly rounded with elevated rim, centrally depressed, shiny and smooth, or with irregular rough areas. (22) Sterna: S4 with long plumose hairs medially directed on concave apico-median area; S5 broadly concave centrally, medial plumose hairs longest apically, projecting ventrally as apical tuft; S6 not apically depressed, bare baso-medially, with plumose hairs medially directed. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 142, 143.</p> <p>Material examined. Specimens examined are from MEXICO, Chihuahua, Sierra Madre Occidental, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.64&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.98" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.64/lat 27.98)">San Juanito</a>, 27.98°N 107.64°W, 2500m, 18.viii.1999, M. Johnson &amp; P. Wilson (8 females); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.23&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.08" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.23/lat 27.08)">Hwy</a> 23, NW of Guachochic, 27.08°N 107.23°W, 2200m, 15.viii.1999, P. Wilson (3 females); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.68" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.57/lat 27.68)">Rd.</a> 23, S of Creel, 27.68°N 107.57°W, 2200m, 24.vii.1999, M. Johnson (2 females); Rd. 23, S of Rd. 38 turnoff to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.68" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.57/lat 27.68)">Batopilas</a>, 27.68°N 107.57W, 2200m, 25.vii.1999, M. Johnson &amp; P. Wilson (2 females); Rd. 23, S of Creel, km 95 near Rd. 38 turnoff to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-107.41&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -107.41/lat 27.23)">Batopilas</a>, 27.23°N 107.41°W, P. Wilson (3 females, 1 male); Durango Sierra, Madre Occidental, MEX-Hwy 40, b/w Durango and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.93" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.95/lat 23.93)">El Salto</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-104.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.93" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -104.95/lat 23.93)">Mimbres Bridge</a>, 23.93°N 104.95°W, 2500m, 31.vii.1999, M. Johnson &amp; P. Wilson (9 females).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE281F966DFF43A1F0FEA9FCF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE281C9672FF43A729FC51FAED.text	332B87CE281C9672FF43A729FC51FAED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) punctatus Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) punctatus Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 144–145)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Hidalgo, 11 mi E. Pachuca, 26 Aug 1962, 8200ft., Naumann &amp; Roberts [KUM].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: supraclypeal area slightly elongate; outer hind tibial spur ciliate, with teeth long and pointed; inter-ocular area shiny, punctures below antennae dense, and mesoscutum with punctures dense, evenly distributed throughout. This species is most similar to M. gibbsi, but can be differentiated by the finely and densely punctate mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (punctures coarser and sparser), and the nearly straight inner hind tibial spur (strongly curved).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 8.4mm, forewing length 6.3mm, head width 1.80–1.84mm, ITW 1.28–1.30mm. Head and mesosoma metallic green; pubescence pale whitish. Head: slightly longer than wide, L:W = 1.11:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, with a subrectangular basal area raised medioapically with lateral areas shiny and flattened, narrow triangular distal process; basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, apical third black; length slightly greater than length of supraclypeal area, nearly entire length below lower compound eye, weakly convex in lateral view, less protuberant than supraclypeal area. Punctures laterally separated by&gt;1pd, medially separated by&gt;2pd, becoming very sparse apically where punctures are large and coarse. (3) Supraclypeal area convex, slightly protuberant, greatest width nearly equal to length from upper clypeal margin to mid–level of antennal sockets; punctation usually even throughout, lateral areas with punctures separated by 1–2pd, central area with punctures sometimes slightly less dense, dulled area between antennal sockets more evident. (4) Lower paraocular area: punctures between antennal socket and compound eye separated by 1pd, becoming more sparse below socket towards supraclypeal area (1–2pd); inner margin of compound eye with extremely sparse fine punctures continuing to paraocular lobe. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae and continuing above antennal sockets, terminating at about 3MOD from median ocellus, without shiny impunctate triangle; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, vertex with weak transverse depression; IOD = 2.0MOD, OOD = 1.5MOD, OVD = 1.0MOD; area between lateral ocelli with fine and sparse punctures, vertex with punctures laterad to lateral ocellus separated by&gt;2pd, becoming more dense towards compound eye (1–2pd). (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area subequal to compound eye in lateral view or slightly larger, shiny and finely punctate, punctures ~2pd apart. (8) Antenna: scape reaching posterior median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F10 as wide as long. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, more shiny dorsally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: basal area dulled medially and along admedian line, otherwise entirely shiny; punctures dense throughout, separated by 1pd, with sparse larger deeper punctures separated by 4–6pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: shiny becoming slightly dulled apically, with an imarginate midline through basal half; punctures similar to those of mesoscutum. (12) Metanotum: mostly dull, may appear somewhat shiny at certain angles, with extremely minute punctures. (13) Mesopleuron: obscurely punctate, somewhat shiny, pre-episternum entirely shiny and densely punctate, punctures deep and separated by &lt;1pd; hypoepimeral area shiny and sparsely punctate (&gt;2pd), punctures coarser above becoming fine below. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, otherwise shiny and polished. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum shiny and smooth throughout, but weakly granular baso-medially, striation present basally, somewhat fine, extending to apical; propodeum with punctures sparse and obscured laterally, absent posteriorly. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or 1.5 vein widths basad of second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin 2/3 length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching shorter erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: dark brown basally becoming lighter brown toward apical margin with margin somewhat hyaline, nearly entirely shiny, metallic reflections absent; T2–T4 with minute punctures present basally, separated by 2–4pd, apically shiny and impunctate, T5 with punctures more coarse and sparse; T1 smooth and shiny, branching pubescence present laterally and anteriorly, pubescence pale on T1–T4, darker on T5, reddish to dark brown apical and pseudopygidial area, T4 bearing only long branched pubescence, apical impressed areas translucent, T5 with dense pubescence, branched hairs longer than unbranched, black anteriorly, golden posteriorly. (22) Sterna: ventral hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish on anterior surface of S5–S6, long pubescence on S1 near crossing with mesosoma.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Hidalgo, 11 mi E. Pachuca, 26 Aug 1962, 8200ft., Naumann &amp; Roberts (holotype female [KUM]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for its dense and uniform punctation, relative to other species of the genus, especially on the clypeus, mesoscutum, mesopleuron, and metasomal terga.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE281C9672FF43A729FC51FAED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28029671FF43A4E3FD54F95C.text	332B87CE28029671FF43A4E3FD54F95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) raavo Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) raavo Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 146–151)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Morelos, Tepoztlán, km 4.5 Autopista México-Cuautla, 07/07/1996, O. Yanez OY- 736 15:55H, 1940m 1999’15 9907’46, Bosque de Encino, s/ Verbena Carolina [UNAM]; collection code MZH 04034.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by the following combination: supraclypeal area basally flattened; frontal line weakly carinate between antennal sockets; punctures on clypeus, surpraclypeal area, and lower paraocular area large and sparse; and mesoscutum and metapostnotum strongly imbricate. This species is most similar to M. ayalai but can be differentiated by the flattened supraclypeal area (convex) and the even dorsal metapostnotum (depressed).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 7.5mm, forewing length 5.5–5.6mm, head width 1.70mm, ITW 1.13–1.15mm. Head and mesosoma metallic green; pubescence pale whitish. Head: slightly longer than wide, L:W = 1.06:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, with a subrectangular basal area raised medioapically with lateral areas shiny and flattened, narrow triangular distal process; basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, apical third black; length subequal to length of supraclypeal area, nearly entire length below lower compound eye, weakly convex in lateral view, less protuberant than supraclypeual area; punctures separated by 1–2pd basally, evenly distributed throughout, less dense apically with larger punctures separated by &lt;2pd. (3) Supraclypeal area basally dull, apically shiny; convex, slightly protuberant, length subequal to apical width; punctation large punctures separated by 1–4pd, dulled area between antennal sockets more evident. (4) Lower paraocular area: punctures below antennal sockets separated by&gt;1pd, more sparse towards supraclypeal area (1–2pd); paraocular lobe nearly impunctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line not carinate between antennae, but line beginning at level of lower antennal socket margin and terminating much below median ocellus; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, vertex with weak transverse depression, IOD = 1.6MOD, OOD = 1.6MOD, OVD = 1.2MOD; punctures between lateral ocelli sparse and deep, vertex with larger punctures separated by&gt;2pd, smaller punctures more dense (1–2pd). (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area subequal to compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine obscure punctures, hypostomal area granular, impunctate. (8) Antenna: brown, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 appearing darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F2–F10, F10 as wide as long. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, more shiny dorsally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: basal area dulled medially and along admedian line, otherwise entirely shiny; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures deep, separated by&gt;4pd in central disc, smaller punctures shallow and more dense, separated by 2–3pd; punctures becoming more dense laterally beyond parapsidal lines, where punctures are separated by 1– 1.5pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: entirely shiny, with a basal depressed midline; smaller punctures minute, extremely fine and slightly more dense than those of mesoscutum, larger punctures basally sparse, separated by&gt;4pd, becoming closer apically (1–3pd). (12) Metanotum: mostly dull, may appear somewhat shiny at certain angles, with sparse punctures laterally, nearly impunctate medially. (13) Mesopleuron: shiny above becoming dull below, punctures fine above, separated by&gt;2pd, becoming larger and deeper below, separated by 2pd, with several dense and deep punctures along posterior margin; pre-episternum weakly granular anteriorly; punctures coarse, separated by 2–4pd with smaller obscure punctures between them, separated by 1–2pd; hypoepimeral area and central episternum smooth, punctures fine and sparse (2–4pd). (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, otherwise weakly granular and somewhat shiny. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum shiny and smooth throughout, but weakly granular baso-medially, striation present basally, strongest laterally, extending to apical, becoming centrally microareolate; propodeum with punctures sparse and obscured laterally, absent posteriorly. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate, hairs sparse in radial cell and basal half of 1 st submarginal cell; first recurrent vein meeting second transcubital vein, arched becoming sharply angled about 2 vein widths from second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin 3/4 length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly shiny with minute and sparse punctures. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching shorter erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: dark brown basally becoming lighter brown toward apical margin with margin somewhat hyaline, nearly entirely shiny, metallic reflections absent; T2– T4 with minute punctures present basally, separated by 2–4pd, apically shiny and impunctate, T5 with punctures more coarse and sparse; T1 smooth and shiny, branching pubescence present laterally and anteriorly, pubescence pale on T1–T4, darker on T5, reddish to dark brown apical and pseudopygidial area, T4 bearing only long branched pubescence, apical impressed areas translucent, T5 with dense pubescence, branched hairs longer than unbranched, black anteriorly, golden posteriorly. (22) Sterna: ventral hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish on anterior surface of S5–S6, long pubescence on S1 near crossing with mesosoma.</p> <p>Male (Allotype): Body length 7.0– 7.2mm, forewing length 4.7–4.8mm, head width 1.44–1.45mm, ITW 0.88– 0.90mm. Head and mesosoma metallic blue-green; pubescence pale whitish. Head: slightly longer than wide, L:W = 1.05:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, basally raised with several deep punctures, becoming flattened and shiny apically, triangular distal process broad with a row of long pale bristles; basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, apical 1/5 brown; length 0.83X length of supraclypeal area, half length below lower ocular tangent; weakly convex in lateral view, protuberance subequal to as supraclypeal area.; punctures separated by ≤1pd basally, apically separated by ~2pd. (3) Supraclypeal area: shiny, dulled mesad of antennal sockets; supraclypeal area flattened above, slightly depressed between antennal sockets, becoming slightly protuberant below, about 0.83 X as wide as long, punctures separated by 1pd laterally, becoming very sparse medially and apically. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, becoming dull towards antennal socket; punctures separated by 1pd, becoming slightly sparser laterad of supraclypeal area, punctures fine and well separated towards paraocular lobe; paraocular lobe brown and nearly impunctate. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression, IOD = 1.5MOD, OOD = 1.7MOD, OVD = 1.1MOD; larger punctures separated by&gt;2pd, smaller punctures more dense, separated by 1pd. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area dull, slightly narrower than compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 1–2pd, hypostomal area with extremely sparse punctures, separated by&gt;4pd. (8) Antenna: dark brown, scape, pedicel, and F1 appearing darker than F2– F11; scape reaching posterior margin of median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F2 to F11, F11 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (10) Mesoscutum: larger punctures deep, separated by ~2pd in central disc, smaller punctures shallow and separated by 2–3pd; punctures equally dense laterally beyond parapsidal lines. (20) Hind leg: coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia with sparse rather than long and dense hairs. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T6 with deep and large punctures with hairs sparse and long, T7 centrally depressed. (22) Sterna: S4 and S5 with sharp lateral elevated areas; S5 with lateral patches of medially directed hairs; S6 with lateral areas elevated, bearing patches of dense short pubescence merging apically. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 150, 151.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Morelos, Tepoztlán, km 4.5 Autopista México-Cuautla, 07/07/1996, O. Yanez OY-736 15:55H, 1940m 1999’15 9907’46, Bosque de Encino, s/ Verbena carolina (holotype female (MZH 04034), allotype male (MZH 04013) [UNAM]); Mexico, 6km E Tenanacingo, 1950m, 30.Oct.1991, T. Griswold (1 paratype male, SM0317158 KUNHM-ENT [KUM]); Tancitaro, Michoacan, 6000’, July 27 1940, H. Hoogstraal (1 paratype female [AMNH]); same locality, August 9 1940 (1 paratype female [AMNH]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of my mother, grandparents and the rest of the Raavo family for always being supportive of my studies and research.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28029671FF43A4E3FD54F95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28009674FF43A371FC4DFB06.text	332B87CE28009674FF43A371FC4DFB06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) verdazulus Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) verdazulus Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 152–157)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Chiapas, San Cristobal de Las Casas, 7200’, 1-3 June 1969, Malaise trap [CNC].</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by the following combination: head and mesosoma metallic blue-green; mesosoma and metasoma entirely shiny, admedian line very slightly depressed anteriorly. This species is similar to M. arizonensis and M. mexicanus, but can be separated by the fine and sparse punctation on the mesoscutum (punctures larger and denser), punctures becoming dense laterad of parapsidal line (punctures or similar density), and the shiny metapostnotum and basal areas of terga (dull or granular).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 7.0– 7.5 mm, forewing length 5.3–5.9mm, head width 1.05– 1.10mm, ITW 1.16–1.18mm. Head and mesosoma metallic blue-green; pubescence pale whitish. Head: slightly longer than wide, L:W = 1.05:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: dark brown, with a subrectangular basal area raised medioapically with lateral areas shiny and flattened, narrow triangular distal process; basal area of mandible dark brown, mandible red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, nearly entire apical half black; length subequal to length of supraclypeal area, nearly entire length below lower compound eye, weakly convex in lateral view, less protuberant than supraclypeal area; punctures separated by &lt;1pd basally, evenly distributed throughout, less dense apically with larger punctures separated by 2pd. (3) Supraclypeal area: convex, slightly protuberant, greatest width nearly equal to length from upper clypeal margin to mid-level of antennal sockets; punctation usually even throughout, lateral areas with punctures separated by 1–2pd, central area with punctures sometimes slightly less dense, dulled area between antennal sockets more evident. (4) Lower paraocular area: punctures below antennal sockets separated by&gt;1pd, more sparse towards supraclypeal area (1–2pd). (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae and continuing above antennal sockets, terminating at shiny impunctate triangle anterior to medial ocellus; punctation coarse and crowded above antennae, punctures crowded, becoming more sparse below. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; OOD = 2.0MOD, IOD = 2.0MOD, OVD = 1.2MOD; larger punctures separated by 2pd, smaller punctures more dense. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area subequal to compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine obscure punctures, hypostomal area granular, impunctate. (8) Antenna: scape reaching posterior median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 and F3 subequal in size, both wider than long and shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F2–F10, F10 as wide as long. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, more shiny dorsally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: basal area dulled medially and along admedian line, otherwise entirely shiny; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures deep, separated by 4–6pd in central disc, smaller punctures shallow and more dense, separated by 2–3pd; punctures in central disc, becoming more dense laterally beyond parapsidal lines, where punctures are separated by 1–1.5pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: shiny becoming slightly dulled apically, with a depressed midline through basal half; punctures more dense than those of mesoscutum; small punctures finer and separated by 1–1.5pd becoming more dense laterally and apically, larger punctures separated by 3–4pd. (12) Metanotum: mostly dull, may appear somewhat shiny at certain angles, with extremely minute punctures. (13) Mesopleuron: obscurely punctate, somewhat shiny, pre-episternum weakly granular anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum mostly impunctate, smooth, if granular punctures light or nearly absent. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, otherwise weakly granular and somewhat shiny. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum dorsally bare, shiny basally, weakly granular baso-medially, striation present basally, strong laterally, extending to apical, irregularly wrinkled centrally; propodeum somewhat shiny, smooth and impunctate posteriorly, weakly granular laterally. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or 1.5 vein widths basad of second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin 2/3 length of posterior margin. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent. (18) Foreleg: hairs pale golden on tarsi, metafemoral brush and anterior tibia; coxa, trochanter, and femur with branching shorter erect hairs; pubescence on tibia and basitarsus dense, hairs long, not branched. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, hairs brownish on outer surfaces of tibia and basitarsus as well as basitibial plate; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, coxa and trochanter with long, branching, pale pubescence; femoral scopa well formed with long branching hairs; tibia densely pubescent, hairs long and erect; basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; femur 3X as long as greatest width; tibia 4X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: dark brown basally becoming lighter brown toward apical margin with margin somewhat hyaline, nearly entirely shiny, metallic reflections absent; T2–T4 with minute punctures present basally, separated by 2–4pd, apically shiny and impunctate, T5 with punctures more coarse and sparse; T1 smooth and shiny, branching pubescence present laterally and anteriorly, pubescence pale on T1–T4, darker on T5, reddish to dark brown apical and pseudopygidial area, T4 bearing only long branched pubescence, apical impressed areas translucent, T5 with dense pubescence, branched hairs longer than unbranched, black anteriorly, golden posteriorly. (22) Sterna: ventral hairs long, plumose and pale, brownish on anterior surface of S5–S6, long pubescence on S1 near crossing with mesosoma.</p> <p>Male (Allotype): Body length 6.5–6.7mm, wing length 4.8–5.0mm, head width 1.48–1.50mm, ITW 0.9mm. As for female except as follows: Lower third of clypeus dark purple-brown. Head: (1) Labrum and mandible: basally, about 2.6X as wide as long; rounded, smooth elevation extending length and width, medially indented; distal process extending beyond basal area for up to 0.5X length of labrum. (2) Clypeus: subapical row of dark bristles absent; mandible with distinct subapical tooth. (5) Frontal area: frontal line not carinate above antennal sockets. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly narrower than compound eye in lateral view. (8) Antenna: reaching basal mesoscutellum; scape reaching median anterior ocellus; pedicel about as long as wide; F1 slightly longer than pedicel, about as long as wide, longer than F2, subequal in size to F3–F11. Mesosoma: (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum dorsally bare, shiny basally, smooth and impunctate apically, basal striation strong laterally, extending to apical, surface appearing weakly concave below striation. (16) Wings: clear, veins and stigma brown, membrane slightly infuscate; first recurrent vein meeting at or 1 vein width basad of second transcubital vein; second submarginal cell with anterior margin length of posterior margin, or slightly longer. Metasoma (21) Terga: metallic reflections absent; pygidial plate broadly rounded with elevated rim, depressed centrally, shiny and smooth, or with irregular rough areas. (22) Sterna: S4 with long plumose hairs medially directed on concave apico-median area; S5 broadly concave centrally, medial plumose hairs longest apically, projecting ventrally as apical tuft; S6 slightly elevated apically with an apical patch of plumose medially directed hairs. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 156, 157.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Chiapas, San Cristobal de Las Casas, 7200’, 1-3 June 1969, Malaise trap [condition of male allotype: metasoma detached beyond T1 as a result of genitalia dissection, these parts all in genitalia vial on pin] (holotype female, allotype male, 399 paratype females, 11 paratype males, [CNC]; 1 paratype female and one paratype male deposited at [BZM]); 4.8km NE San Cristobal, 8 June 1969, B. V. Peterson (37 paratype females, 1 paratype male [KUM]); GUATEMALA, Baja Varapaz Prov., 17km N. Salama, Hwy 5, 1700m, 29 June-3 July 1993, J. Ashe &amp; R. Brooks #188, flight intercept trap (3 paratype females [KUM]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for its bluish-green integument on the head and mesosoma, distinguishing it from other species of this subgenus which are usually metallic green (with the exception of M. hansoni which is purple-blue).</p> <p>Comments. The longitudinal striation on the metapostnotum varies in extent from occupying the basal 1/4 to almost the basal 1/2 of the dorsal surface. A specimen labelled Depto Zacapa, San Lorenzo, 7-18.vii.86, malaise trap on edge of pine forest, L. Lesage differs from the others in the supraclypeal area which is more densely punctate laterally and in the second submarginal cell which is parallel-sided rather than narrower anteriorly. It is tentatively placed as belonging to this species and is labelled M. verdazulus ?.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28009674FF43A371FC4DFB06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE2805967AFF43A148FC6CF9E6.text	332B87CE2805967AFF43A148FC6CF9E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Mexalictus) vitriolus Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Mexalictus) vitriolus Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 158–161)</p> <p>Holotype. Male. MEXICO, Jalisco, Las Manzanilla, 23 Octobre 1990, C.M. Estrada #63 [CUIC].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the following combination: face, mesosoma, and metasoma extremely finely and sparsely punctate and surface shiny, relative to all other species in the genus. Mesoscutellum basally medially depressed; metapostnotum imbricate with very short basal striation, covering less than basal 1/5 of dorsal surface. The male mandible lacks a subapical tooth. This species is most similar to M. arizonensis, but can be differentiated by the shiny and sparsely punctate surface of the entire body (punctures distinct and denser).</p> <p>Description. Male (Holotype): Body length 5.7mm, wing length 4.5mm, head width 1.55mm, ITW 1.05– 1.10mm. Head brown with metallic green reflections, mesosoma pale brown with greenish metallic reflections. Head: round to slightly wider than long, L:W = 0.97:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with subrectangular basal area, medial length 0.33X width, basal elevation flattened, apicomedian area elevated, distal process narrow triangular; mandible dark brown basally, becoming red apically. (2) Clypeus: shiny, with metallic green reflection except for apex; length slightly shorter than supraclypeal area (~0.9X), 0.5 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, slightly less protuberant than supraclypeal area; punctures fine and sparse, separated by 2–3pd, somewhat larger on apical half. (3) Supraclypeal area: shiny, slightly dulled mesad of antennal sockets; convex, protuberant, about 0.68–0.70X as wide as long; punctures few, separated by 2pd, nearly absent apicomedially. (4) Lower paraocular area: shiny, becoming weakly dull towards antennal socket; punctures separated by 1–2pd, punctures fine and well separated towards paraocular lobe. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate between antennae, about halfway to median ocellus; compound eye more convex below than above; punctation crowded above antennae (&lt;1pd). (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with weak transverse depression; IOD = 1.4MOD, OOD = 1.3MOD, OVD = 1.0MOD; punctures separated by 1–2pd. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area narrower than compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by&gt;2pd, hypostomal area shiny with extremely sparse punctures, separated by&gt;4pd. (8) Antenna: orange-brown, scape, pedicel, and F1–F3 darker than F4–F10; scape reaching posterior margin of median ocellus; pedicel slightly longer than wide, subequal in length to F1; F1 wider than long, F2 to F10 as long as wide or longer than wide, increasing in length apically. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, nearly impunctate, polished; posterodorsal margin of pronotum with complete band of hairs, including pronotal lobe which is densely outlined. (10) Mesoscutum: entirely shiny and polished; punctures of 2 sizes, larger punctures separated by&gt;6pd, smaller punctures separated by 2–4pd, punctures sparser medially and posteriorly. (11) Mesoscutellum: shiny and convex, punctures fine and similar to the large punctures of mesoscutum, separated by ~5pd, apical margin with dense punctures. (12) Metanotum: shiny to slightly dull; punctures denser than those of mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, separated by ~2–3pd. (13) Mesopleuron: shiny, sparsely and very finely punctate, punctures separated by 3–4pd; pre-episternum shiny, punctation as for mesopleuron; hypoepimeral area and disc of episternum smooth, shiny and nearly impunctate, with a few scattered punctures above (~3pd). (14) Metapleuron: shiny, with minute and weak basal transverse striation. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: length of metapostnotum subequal to posterior width; posterior margin rounded, dorsally bare, basal striation very short, covering less than basal 1/5 of surface; propodeum somewhat shiny, but imbricate and impunctate. (16) Wings: clear, veins orange-brown, stigma about 2/3 as long as marginal cell, membrane slightly infuscate; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell more than 4 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: hyaline, punctate anteriorly and along inner margin, with few long branched hairs laterad. (18) Foreleg: hairs whitish yellow; shorter branched erect hairs on tarsus, coxa, trochanter, and femur; dense long unbranched hairs on tibia and basitarsus. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg except as follows: femur slightly ventrally concave apically; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long dense pubescence on apical 2/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg except as follows: tibia with pubescence longer; basitarsus laterally flattened, especially outer surface; femur&gt;3X as long as greatest width; tibia 5X as long as greatest width; basitarsus 4.5X as long as greatest width; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur short, microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth. Metasoma: Metallic reflections absent (21) Terga: shiny and polished, brown basally becoming translucent on apical impressed areas (1–1.2MOD); punctures separated by&gt;3pd, apical impressed areas impunctate; pubescence pale, longer laterally. (22) S5 slightly concave centrally, medial plumose hairs longest apically, projecting ventrally as apical tuft; S6 slightly elevated apically with an apical patch of plumose medially directed hairs. (23) Terminalia: see Figs. 160, 161.</p> <p>Female: unknown</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Jalisco, Las Manzanilla, 23 Octobre 1990, C.M. Estrada #63 (holotype male [CUIC]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for its shiny, glass-like appearance. It is the only species of this genus with such sparse punctation and shiny surface sculpture.</p> <p>Comments. The locality is La Manzanilla, but reads “Las Manzanilla on the original label.</p> <p>Subgenus Mexalictus (Georgealictus)</p> <p>Type species. M. polybioides Packer, 1993. Can. J. Zool. 71: 1656–1659. By original designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Species of this subgenus can be distinguished by their larger size, wasp-like appearance, and weak to absent metallic reflections in comparison to species of the nominotypical subgenus; head about as long as wide (slightly longer than wide in most), body dull and granular in appearance (shiny to weakly dull); metasoma petiolate with T1 longer than wide (T1 normal), T1 transparent with a yellow apical band (terga uniform); wings with marginal cell infuscate, darker than rest of wing (wing not infuscate).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE2805967AFF43A148FC6CF9E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE280B9678FF43A22EFA29FEFC.text	332B87CE280B9678FF43A22EFA29FEFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) albofasciatus Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) albofasciatus Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 162–163)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. HONDURAS, Francisco Morazan, 23.2kms N Tegucigalpa, La Tigra, 2100m, 8 June 1994, Brooks &amp; Ashe [KUM].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others in the subgenus by the following combination: head and mesosoma metallic green; more apical terga hyaline with pale apical bands of pubescence, metallic reflections present on metasoma.</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 8.8mm, wing length 7.0– 7.1mm, head width 2.0mm, ITW 1.34–1.35mm. Head: round, L:W = 1.02:1; metallic green. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with subrectangular basal area, basal elevation sulcate, with a medial depression, narrow triangular distal process; mandible basally black, becoming red in apical 2/5. (2) Clypeus: metallic green in basal 1/3, becoming shiny brown-black apically; length 0.8X length of supraclypeal area, 3/4 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, slightly less protuberant than supraclypeal area; punctures dense laterally and basally, separated by less than &lt;1pd, somewhat interrupted medially, punctures becoming more sparse, larger and coarser apically. (3) Supraclypeal area: mostly dull except basal shiny area around antennal sockets; convex, slightly more protuberant than clypeal area; apical width subequal to length; punctation slightly denser laterally, punctures separated by 1–2pd, becoming sparser medially. (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd); paraocular lobe very finely punctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate only between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to upper antennal margins, with a visible shiny line reaching median ocellus; punctures dense and crowded; compound eye more convex below than above. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with a weak transverse depression; OOD = 1.6MOD, IOD = 1.5MOD, OVD = 1.1MOD; punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most, coarse and crowded medially, more separated laterally. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area shiny, narrower than compound eye in lateral view; punctures separated by 1–2pd above and&gt;3pd below, hypostomal area nearly impunctate, bare and slightly dull. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length apically, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: entirely metallic green (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, shinier laterally than dorsally, nearly bare; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: mostly dull, slightly shiny laterally; granular along margins and median line; pubescence yellow with several black hairs mostly evident anteriorly; punctures separated by 1pd in central disc becoming more sparse anteriorly, separated by 2–3pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: entirely shiny, medial line slightly raised basally; punctures fine and dense around margins and medial line (1pd), well separated on central disc (&gt;2pd). (12) Metanotum: entirely shiny below pubescence; punctures extremely fine, separated by 3–4pd. (13) Mesopleuron: dull, punctures shallow and well separated (2–3pd); pre-episternum with punctation similar to mesopleuron, punctures deep and coarse anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum dull, with fine scattered punctures above, impunctate below; pubescence erect, with few dark hairs among light hairs. (14) Metapleuron: shiny, but somewhat granular, transversely striate basally, with black minute pubescence. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum basally shiny becoming granular baso-medially, with a slight depression, 0.80X length of mesoscutellum; striation present basally, normal and strong throughout, extending near 1/2 dorsal surface; propodeum strongly sloping posteriorly, white and long hairs present laterally and posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation dark brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: dark brown, anteriorly dull becoming shiny posteriorly, punctate with longer, dark pubescence anteriorly. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs dark reddish, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short golden erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with dark brown-black erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched dark sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched hairs, a mixture of dark and pale hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with apicoventral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of black long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs brown-black, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long brown branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, black pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs translucent yellow-brown, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with about 15 teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2–T5 dull and brassy with green metallic reflections, apical hyaline revealing pale hairs below, narrow pale bands of pubescence on apical terga; pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and dark on T2–T4, long and dark on T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2–S5 with hairs long and black, present on apical half of sternite, S6 with few short and erect black hairs on apex, otherwise bare.</p> <p>Male: unknown</p> <p>Material examined. HONDURAS, Francisco Morazan, 23.2kms N Tegucigalpa, La Tigra, 2100m, 8 June 1994, Brooks &amp; Ashe (holotype female [KUM]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for its pale metasomal bands of pubescence, its main defining characteristic.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE280B9678FF43A22EFA29FEFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28099679FF43A02CFC30F876.text	332B87CE28099679FF43A02CFC30F876.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) anatolii Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) anatolii Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 164–165)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Chiapas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.10406&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.09492" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.10406/lat 15.09492)">Chiquihuite</a>, malaise trap, N15.09492 W92.10406, 2026m, 6-24.xi.2009, S. Dumesh and L. Packer [PCYU]; collection code PCYU-MEX09-0157, barcode accession number 03763G04- MEX.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: mandible uniquely translucent yellow; hyaline wings, legs, and apical half of all terga; body pubescence entirely yellow. This species is most similar in appearance to M. polybioides, both species being the largest members of the genus, but could be separated by the metallic green integument (dark non-metallic brown), yellow pubescence (pale whitish), and hyaline apical terga (uniform, non-hyaline).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 11.0– 11.2mm, wing length 9.0– 9.1mm, head width 2.3– 2.4mm, ITW 1.55–1.60mm. Head: round, L:W = 1.02:1; metallic green. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with subrectangular basal area, basal elevation sulcate, with a medial depression, narrow triangular distal process; mandible basally hyaline yellow, becoming red in apical 2/5. (2) Clypeus: metallic green in basal 1/2, becoming shiny brown-black apically; length 0.90X length of supraclypeal area, 3/4 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, slightly less protuberant than supraclypeal area, basal margin convex; punctures dense laterally and basally, separated by less than &lt;1pd, somewhat interrupted medially, punctures becoming more sparse, larger and coarser apically. (3) Supraclypeal area: mostly dull except basal shiny area around antennal sockets; convex, much more protuberant than clypeal area; apical width subequal to length; punctation slightly denser laterally, punctures separated by &lt;1pd laterally, becoming sparser medially (&gt;2pd). (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd); paraocular lobe very finely punctate; dense and bright yellow pubescence. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate only between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to 2MOD from median ocellus, with a slightly depressed line reaching median ocellus; punctures dense and crowded. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with a weak transverse depression; OOD = 1.6MOD, IOD = 1.5MOD, OVD = 1.1MOD; punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most, coarse and crowded medially, more separated laterally. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area shiny, narrower than compound eye in lateral view, punctures separated by 1–2pd above and&gt;3pd below; hypostomal area nearly impunctate, bare and slightly dull. (8) Antenna: laterally orange; scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length apically, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: entirely metallic green (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, shinier laterally than dorsally, nearly bare; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: mostly dull, slightly shiny laterally; granular along margins and median line; pubescence yellow with several black hairs mostly evident anteriorly; punctures separated by 1pd in central disc becoming more sparse anteriorly, separated by 2–3pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: entirely shiny, slightly depressed medially with raised areas on central discs appearing slightly bilobed; punctures fine and dense around margins and medial line (1pd), larger and well separated on central disc (&gt;2pd). (12) Metanotum: entirely shiny below pubescence; punctures extremely fine, separated by 3–4pd, with dense short hairs basally. (13) Mesopleuron: dull, punctures shallow and well separated (2–3pd); pre-episternum with punctation similar to mesopleuron, punctures deep and coarse anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum dull, with fine scattered punctures above, nearly impunctate below; pubescence erect, hairs entirely yellow. (14) Metapleuron: shiny, but somewhat granular, transversely striate basally, with black minute pubescence. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum basally shiny becoming dull baso-medially, with a slight medial depression, length 0.90X length of mesoscutellum, striation present basally, short and rugostriate, extending near 1/ 3 dorsal surface; propodeum weakly sloping posteriorly, long yellow hairs laterally and posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted golden-brown, rest of wing nearly entirely infuscate, apically darkened; venation golden-brown on marginal and basal veins, 1 st recurrent vein meeting 1–1.5 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: golden brown, anteriorly dull becoming shiny posteriorly, punctate with longer, dark pubescence anteriorly. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs yellow, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short golden erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with yellow erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched yellow sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched yellow hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with apicoventral patch of yellow, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of long yellow hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs yellow-brown, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long brown branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, yellow pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth. Metasoma: (21) Terga: dull and brown, T1–T3 with an apical yellow band, T1 slightly shinier than T2 and T3; T4– T5 entirely brown with extremely faint green metallic reflections; pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and dark brown on T2–T4, long and dark on T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2 with pale, long branching hairs basally becoming brown and erect apically; S3–S5 with long and brown hairs, present on apical half of sternum, S6 with few short and erect black hairs on apex, otherwise bare.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Chiapas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.10406&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.09492" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.10406/lat 15.09492)">Chiquihuite</a>, malaise trap, N15.09492 W92.10406, 2026m, 6- 24.xi.2009, S. Dumesh and L. Packer (holotype female, PCYU-MEX09-0157, barcode label 03763G04-MEX [PCYU]); GUATEMALA, San Marcos, km 1.3 Bojonal Road, 1456’N 9152’W, 1600m, 13-14.vii.2001, DCH, DY (paratype female: UCRC ENT 66830 [UCRC]); Zacapa Dept., Sierra de las Minas, Cerro los Monos, ~ 4km NNW San Lorenzo, 2230m 18 to 21-V-2010, Shelley, Steck &amp; Sutton, cloud forest (3 paratype females [FSCA]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in memory of my father (Anatoli Dumesh) who was a great mentor and who influenced my interest in science, especially in that of biodiversity.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28099679FF43A02CFC30F876	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE280F967CFF43A7DDFC5FFEFC.text	332B87CE280F967CFF43A7DDFC5FFEFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) benyamini Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) benyamini Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 166–167)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas, Huitepec, 2290m, N1645’04/W9240’31, 1-05-2009, wpt 23, SAGOT Pn 3 [ECOSUR]; barcode accession number 03763G09- MEX.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: head entirely black, supraclypeal area apically widened with punctures even throughout, mesoscutellum with basally elevated midline, metapostnotum centrally depressed, and 1 st recurrent vein meeting1/3 basad of 2 nd transcubital vein.</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 9.5–9.6mm, forewing length 7.8mm, head width 2.2mm, ITW 1.52–1.55mm. Head: round, L:W = 1.02:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: with subrectangular basal area, flattened basal elevation, narrow triangular distal process. (2) Clypeus: length 0.9X length of supraclypeal area, 3/4 of length below lower ocular tangent, convex in lateral view, not as protuberant supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd basally, coarse and sparse apically (2pd). (3) Supraclypeal area: dull, slightly shiny directly below antennal sockets; strongly convex in lateral view; apically widened, width subequal to length; punctation more or less even throughout, punctures separated by 1–2pd. (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny apicolaterally and towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd), very finely punctate laterad of paraocular lobe towards inner margin of compound eyes, punctures separated by 2–3pd. (5) Frontal area: punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most; frontal line carinate only between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to 2MOD from median ocellus, with a somewhat obscure line reaching median ocellus. (6) Vertexal area: shiny; OOD = 1.5MOD, IOD = 1.6MOD, OVD = 1.1MOD; punctures obscure medially around ocelli, becoming coarse and dense laterally (&lt;1pd). (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area as wide as compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 1pd above, becoming sparser below (2–3pd); hypostomal area shiny, bare, and nearly impunctate. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F2–F10, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, shinier laterally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: dull, appearing granular, especially along margins and median line; densely punctate, punctures separated by 1–2pd in central disc, becoming more crowded basally and laterally past parapsidal line. (11) Mesoscutellum: dull with central disc shiny, medially raised basally, without a medial depression; punctures finer than on mesoscutum, separated by 1pd in central disc, becoming dense towards margins with several larger punctures sparsely among them (&gt;5pd). (12) Metanotum: somewhat shiny, with shallow sparse punctures, separated by&gt;2pd. (13) Mesopleuron: granular and sparsely punctate, punctures separated by 4–6pd; preepisternum weakly granular anteriorly, punctures deep and crowded above, otherwise as on mesopleuron; hypoepimeral area and central episternum mostly impunctate. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, striation weakened, otherwise weakly shiny and impunctate. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: strongly sloping posteriorly dorsally bare and weakly granular, length 0.80X length of mesoscutellum, with a central depression giving a bilobed appearance to the dorsal surface, dorsal striation present basally, strongest laterally, longer medially, extending to apical; propodeum imbricate laterally, strongly sloping posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation dark brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell 3 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: brown, anteriorly dull becoming shiny posteriorly, anteriorly punctate with long pubescence. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs brownish-red, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short brown erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with brownish erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched dark sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched dark brown hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with apicoventral patch of dark, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of black long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs brown-black, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long dark branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, dark brown pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs translucent yellow basally, apically half dark red; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/ 3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2–T5 dull and brown without metallic reflections; pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and pale on T2–T4, long and dark on apical T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2–S5 with hairs long and black, shorter pale hairs along apical margin, S6 with few short and erect black hairs on apex, otherwise bare.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. Chiapas, San Cristobal de las Casas, Huitepec, 2290m, N1645’04/W9240’31, 1-05-2009, wpt 23, SAGOT Pn 3 (holotype female, barcode label 03763G09- MEX [ECOSUR]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of Benyamin Lenchner, who has been a great help throughout this study and who assisted in my search for these rare bees in Chiapas, Mexico.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE280F967CFF43A7DDFC5FFEFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE280D967DFF43A51BFC15FC26.text	332B87CE280D967DFF43A51BFC15FC26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) diversus Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) diversus Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 168–169)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Puebla, 4mi SW Huauchinango, 5700ft. 16 June 1961, University of Kansas Mexico Expedition [KUM]; collection code KUNHM-ENT SM0414607.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: head wide; supraclypeal area narrow, subantennal sutures sub-parallel (apically widened, diverging), stigma, marginal cell, and legs golden brown (dark brown), scopa entirely pale (dark).</p> <p>Description. Female (Holoype): Body length 8.7–8.9mm, forewing length 7.3–7.4mm, head width 1.95– 2.0mm, ITW 1.38–1.40mm. Head: round, L:W = 0.96:1; with faint metallic green reflections. (1) Labrum and mandible: with subrectangular basal area, flattened basal elevation, narrow triangular distal process. (2) Clypeus: length 0.85X length of supraclypeal area, 2/3 of length below lower ocular tangent, convex in lateral view, not as protuberant supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd basally, coarse and sparse apically (2pd). (3) Supraclypeal area: dull, slightly shiny directly below antennal sockets; strongly convex in lateral view; narrow, width 0.75X length; punctation more or less even throughout, separated by 1–2pd, becoming slightly crowded apico-laterally. (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny apicolaterally and towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd), very finely punctate laterad of paraocular lobe towards inner margin of compound eyes, punctures separated by 2–3pd. (5) Frontal area: punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most; frontal line carinate only between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to 3MOD from median ocellus, with a distinct line reaching median ocellus. (6) Vertexal area: shiny; OOD = 1.8MOD, IOD = 1.7MOD, OVD = 1.2MOD; punctures obscure medially around ocelli, becoming coarse and dense laterally (&lt;1pd). (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area as wide as compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 1–2pd; hypostomal area shiny, bare, and nearly impunctate. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F2–F10, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, shinier laterally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: dull, appearing granular, especially along margins and median line; densely punctate, punctures separated by 1–2pd in central disc, becoming more crowded basally and laterally past parapsidal line. (11) Mesoscutellum: dull with central disc shiny, slightly depressed medially; punctures finer than on mesoscutum, separated by 1pd in central disc, becoming dense towards margins with several larger punctures sparsely among them (&gt;5pd). (12) Metanotum: somewhat shiny, with shallow sparse punctures, separated by&gt;2pd; with short, dense yellowish hairs basally. (13) Mesopleuron: granular and sparsely punctate, punctures separated by 4–6pd; pre-episternum weakly granular anteriorly, punctation as mesopleuron; hypoepimeral area and central episternum mostly impunctate. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, striation weakened, otherwise weakly shiny and impunctate. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum weakly metallic, dorsally bare, weakly granular, short, length 0.75X length of mesoscutellum, dorsal striation present basally, strongest laterally, longer medially, extending to apical; propodeum with weak metallic reflection, weakly sloping posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation dark brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell 3 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: brown, anteriorly dull becoming shiny posteriorly, anteriorly punctate with long pubescence. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs whitish-yellow, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short pale erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with whitish-yellow erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched pale sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched pale yellow hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally, short spine-like brown hairs on inner side and dense whitish-yellow hairs on outer side; tibia with apicoventral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of whitish long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs whitish-yellow, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long pale branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, pale yellow pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 close teeth. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2–T5 dull and brown without metallic reflections; pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and pale on T2–T4, long and brownish on apical T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2–S5 with hairs long and brown, shorter pale hairs along apical margin, S6 with few short and erect brown hairs on apex, otherwise bare.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Puebla, 4mi SW Huauchinango, 5700ft. 16 June 1961, U. Kans. Mex. Eped. (University of Kansas Mexico Expedition), paratype female (holotype female: KUNHM-ENT SM0414607 [KUM]).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet refers to the difference between this species and M. eickworti. The specimen that represents this newly described species was formerly assigned as paratype of M. eickworti.</p> <p>Comments. This species was originally considered to be part of the variation of M. eickworti. It differs mainly in its wider head and sub-parallel subantennal sutures, resulting in a rectangular supraclypeal area. Also, M. eickworti has more strongly metallic propodeum and metapostnotum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE280D967DFF43A51BFC15FC26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE280C9602FF43A2A2FB7AF85A.text	332B87CE280C9602FF43A2A2FB7AF85A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) eickworti Godinez-Garcia	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) eickworti Godinez-Garcia</p> <p>(Figs. 47, 170–171)</p> <p>Mexalictus eickworti Godinez-Garcia, 1996, J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 69(4) suppl.: 401-402. Female.</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Hidalgo, Tenango de Doria, 1750m, Cerro El Cirio, 2019’24N 9811’52W, 5 Sept 1993, (L. Godinez) [UNAM]. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: distinct metallic reflections on the head and metapostnotum; metapostnotum with deep striation reaching halfway to apex.</p> <p>Redescription. Female: Body length 8.25mm, forewing length 6.6mm. Head: metallic green, round, head width 1.95–2.0mm. Head: round, L:W = 0.96:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with subrectangular basal area, flattened basal elevation, narrow triangular distal process; mandible with subapical tooth. (2) Clypeus: length subequal to length of supraclypeal area, about 3/4 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, protuberance about equal to supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd basally, more sparse apically; lower margins of compound eyes at mid-level of clypeus. (3) Supraclypeal area: mostly dull except basal shiny area around antennal bases; slightly convex in lateral view; slightly narrower than long; punctation more or less even on central disc, slightly denser laterally. (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area, very finely punctate laterad of paraocular lobe towards inner margin of compound eyes. (5) Frontal area: punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most; frontal line carinate only between antennae, with a visible shiny line reaching median ocellus. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with a weak transverse depression; punctures coarse, obscure and crowded medially, more separated laterally. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area as wide as compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine obscure punctures; hypostomal area shiny and slightly granular, impunctate. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length apically, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, more shiny laterally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: nearly impunctate, granular along margins and median line, larger punctures sparser than smaller punctures, punctures similar laterally to those of parapsidal line. (11) Mesoscutellum: smooth medially, punctures similar to those of mesoscutum. (12) Metanotum: somewhat shiny and granular, without distinct punctures. (13) Mesopleuron: obscurely punctate, somewhat shiny, pre-episternum weakly granular anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum mostly impunctate, smooth, if granular punctures light or nearly absent. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, otherwise weakly granular and somewhat shiny with black minute pubescence, punctures separated by more than diameter. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum metallic green, basally shiny becoming granular baso-medially, with a slight depression,, striation present basally, normal and strong throughout, extending near 1/4 dorsal surface; propodeum strongly sloping posteriorly, with long white hairs laterally and posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation dark brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, with few long branched hairs distally, posteriorly transparent. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs dark reddish, basitarsus parallel sided, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short golden erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, with dark brown-black erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur with branched dark sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched hairs, a mixture of dark and pale hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with lateral patch of pale; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of black long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, densely pubescent, hairs brown-black, long and erect; femur without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long brown branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, black pubescence; trochanter much shorter; coxa similar to that of foreleg; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2–T5 dull brown, pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and dark on T2–T4, long and dark on T5. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2–S5 with hairs long and black, present on apical half of sternite, S6 with few short and erect black hairs on apex, otherwise bare.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Hidalgo, Tenango de Doria, 1750m, Cerro El Cirio, 2019’24N 9811’52W, 05Sept1993, 11:15hrs, L. Godinez, LG 869 ([UNAM] (holotype female examined).</p> <p>Comments. This specimen is housed in the entomological collection in UNAM (Mexico). Due to the limited time I had to examine the specimen in Mexico, detailed measurements and ratios are not included in the description. Measurements such as body length, wing length and head width were taken from the original description (Godinez-Garcia, 1996). The only images which are available for this specimen are those taken with a point and shoot digital camera without magnification, as well as through a microscope eyepiece.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE280C9602FF43A2A2FB7AF85A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28729601FF43A7BCFC36FDF9.text	332B87CE28729601FF43A7BCFC36FDF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) jovelus Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) jovelus Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 172–173)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Chiapas, San Cristóbal las Casas, 7200ft. 29 May 1969 [CNC].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: metallic reflections absent except for weakly metallic metapostnotum; mesoscutellum and metanotum with dense apressed yellow hairs; and sterna each uniformly coloured basally to apically.</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 9.5–9.6mm, wing length 7.7–7.8mm, head width 2.0– 2.1mm, ITW 1.45–1.50mm. Head: round, L:W = 1:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: with subrectangular basal area, flattened basal elevation, narrow triangular distal process; mandible basally black, becoming red in apical 1/3. (2) Clypeus: brassy in basal 2/3, becoming shiny brown apically; length 4/5 length of supraclypeal area, 3/4 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view; punctures dense basolaterally, separated by &lt;1pd, medially larger and sparser, separated by 1–2pd, punctures becoming more sparse, larger and coarser apically. (3) Supraclypeal area: dull, convex, more protuberant than clypeus, length subequal to apical width; punctation dense apicolaterally, separated by &lt;1pd at extreme corners, becoming sparser medially, separated by 1–3pd. (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd), very finely punctate laterad of paraocular lobe towards inner margin of compound eyes, punctures separated by 2–3pd. (5) Frontal area: punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most; frontal line carinate between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to 2MOD anterior to median ocellus, with a visible line reaching median ocellus; vertex with a weak transverse depression. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with a weak transverse depression; OOD = 2.1MOD, IOD = 2MOD, OVD = 1.5MOD; punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most, coarse and crowded medially, separated by 1–2pd laterally. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area narrower than compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures; hypostomal area nearly impunctate, bare and dull. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length apically, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, slightly shiny laterally, dorsally dull, mostly bare; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: dark brown, mostly dull, slightly shiny laterally; granular along margins and median line; pubescence pale; punctures separated by 1pd in central disc becoming more sparse anteriorly, separated by 2–3pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: entirely dull, medial line slightly depressed; punctures fine and dense, separated by 1pd. (12) Metanotum: dull, punctures separated by 2–3pd; pubescence dense basally. (13) Mesopleuron: dull, evenly punctate, punctures separated by&gt;4pd, pre-episternum with coarser somewhat obscure punctures; hypoepimeral area and central episternum nearly impunctate. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, striation weakened, otherwise weakly dull, punctures fine, separated by&gt;1pd. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum dorsally bare, weakly granular, length 0.85X length of mesoscutellum dorsal surface with striation present basally, normal throughout, extending to apical 2/3; propodeum strongly sloping posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation dark brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: brown, anteriorly dull becoming shiny posteriorly, anteriorly punctate with long pubescence. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs pale whitish, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short golden erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with pale brownish erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched dark sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched pale hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with apicoventral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of black long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs brown-black, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long pale branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, pale brownish pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur brown, microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2–T5 dull and brown without metallic reflections; pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and pale on T2–T4, long and apically dark on T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2–S5 with hairs long and black, shorter pale hairs along apical margin, S6 with few short and erect black hairs on apex, otherwise bare.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Chiapas, San Cristbal las Casas, 7200ft. 29 May 1969 (holotype female [CNC]); Chiapas, San Cristbal las Casas, 7200ft. 3-7 June 1969 (paratype female [CNC]); Chiapas, San Cristbal las Casas, 27-V-3-VI-1990, B. Gill, F.I. T., 2400m (paratype female [CUIC]); Chiapas, San Cristbal de las Casas, Huitepec, 2330m, N1644’15/W9240’31, 30-03-2009, wpt 25, SAGOT Pn 15 (paratype female [ECOSUR], barcode label 03763H01- MEX).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the native Tzotzil name for San Cristóbal de las Casas: Jovel, the only locality known for this species.</p> <p>Comments. Metallic reflection on the head and mesosoma is variable among specimens. The specimen collected by B. Gill in 1990 has a metallic green head, while the other three specimens have faint to non- metallic heads. The striation on the metapostnotum of the same specimen is obscure medially and only distinct laterally, whereas other individuals have strong regular striation throughout.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28729601FF43A7BCFC36FDF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28709607FF43A6FBFE39FF34.text	332B87CE28709607FF43A6FBFE39FF34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) nicaraguense Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) nicaraguense Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 174–175)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. NICARAGUA, 5km E Jinotega, vii-89, F. Reinboldt [CUIC].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, and metanotum shiny (all other species of this subgenus have these areas strongly imbricate, similar to rest of body sculpture), metallic reflections present on head and mesosoma, hypoepimeral area shiny and impunctate, and S6 with lateral gradulus.</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 9.8mm, wing length 7.4mm, head width 2.2mm, ITW 1.70mm. Head: round, L:W = 0.97:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: with subrectangular basal area, flattened basal elevation, narrow triangular distal process; mandible basally black, becoming brownish-red in apical 1/4. (2) Clypeus: brassy in basal 2/3, becoming shiny brown apically; length&gt;4/5 length of supraclypeal area, 2/3 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view; punctures dense basolaterally, separated by &lt;1pd, medially larger and sparser, separated by ~2pd, punctures becoming larger and coarser apically (&gt;2pd). (3) Supraclypeal area: dull, convex, more protuberant than clypeus, length subequal to apical width; punctation dense apicolaterally, separated by &lt;1pd at extreme corners, sparser medially and basally, separated by 2–3pd. (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny along inner margin of compound eye and towards paraocular lobe; punctation less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd), very finely punctate above and lateral to paraocular lobe towards inner margin of compound eyes, punctures separated by 1–2pd. (5) Frontal area: punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most; frontal line carinate between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to 2MOD anterior to median ocellus, with a visible line reaching median ocellus. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with minute imbrication; OOD = 1.8MOD, IOD = 1.6MOD, OVD = 1.3MOD; punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most, coarse and crowded medially. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area narrower than compound eye in lateral view, shiny and imbricate, with punctures of two sizes, larger punctures separated by 1– 3pd, smaller punctures fine and scattered; hypostomal area shiny and imbricate, nearly impunctate, few punctures separated by&gt;6pd. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length apically, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, slightly shiny laterally, dorsally dull, mostly bare; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: dark brown, shiny and weakly imbricate, imbrication stronger anteriorly and along median line; pubescence pale; punctures of two sizes, larger punctures separated by 2–5pd, smaller punctures denser, separated by ~1pd on disc becoming sparser anteriorly (2–3pd). (11) Mesoscutellum: entirely shiny, without medial line, posterior 1/3 imbricate; punctures fine and dense on anterior 1/ 5, posterior 1/3, and medially (longitudinally) (1pd), otherwise punctures separated by 2–3pd. (12) Metanotum: shiny with minute punctures, separated by&gt;2pd; pubescence dense basally and laterally. (13) Mesopleuron: dull becoming slightly shiny below, evenly punctate, punctures somewhat obscured by imbrication, separated by 2– 4pd, pre-episternum shiny with coarser and sparser punctures (4–6pd); hypoepimeral area and central episternum shiny with very fine and sparse (&gt;5pd) punctures on upper 1/3. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate on basal 1/2, otherwise weakly imbricate, punctures fine, separated by 1–2pd. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum dorsally bare, strongly imbricate, subequal to length of mesoscutellum, striation similar throughout, extending to apical 2/5. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 1–2 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: brown, anteriorly darker and dull becoming shiny posteriorly, anterior 1/3 with long pubescence and deep punctures (1–2pd), punctures finer and sparser posteriorly (&gt;4pd). (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs pale whitish, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs dark and thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short golden erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with dark brown erect hairs on inner surface, becoming longer apically, apical most ones as long as tibial spur, hairs pale brown on outer surface; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with sparse thin hairs ventrally, interior surface nearly bare; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs dark and erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched pale brown hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with apicoventral patch of dark, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short dark brown hairs proximally, and a patch of black long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs brown-black, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, scopa well developed, with long dark branching hairs, somewhat sparser ventrally; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, dark brown pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2–T5 dull and brown without metallic reflections; pubescence pale, long and branched on basal and lateral T1, short on T2–T4, dark on disc with short fascia of pale whitish plumose hairs along apical margin; pubescence long and dark on T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2–S5 with hairs long and black, shorter pale hairs along apical margin, S6 with few short, plumose black hairs on apex, otherwise bare, with fine and dense punctures on apical and lateral gradulus.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. NICARAGUA, 5km E Jinotega, vii-89, F. Reinboldt (holotype female [CUIC]). This specimen has another label “ Mass coll. Nicaragua and another determination label by GC Eickwort as “n.s. nr. Neocorynura.</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, as it is the only species currently known from the country of Nicaragua.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28709607FF43A6FBFE39FF34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE28769605FF43A553FDCBFD2C.text	332B87CE28769605FF43A553FDCBFD2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) polybioides Packer. A 1993	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) polybioides Packer</p> <p>(Figs. 176–179)</p> <p>Mexalictus polybioides Packer, L. 1993. Can. J. Zool. 71: 1656–1659. Female, male.</p> <p>Holotype. Male. MEXICO, Chiapas, 20mi N Bochil Yerba Buena, 6500ft. 9-10 June 1969 (WRM Mason) [CNC].</p> <p>Diagnosis. Both sexes of this species can be distinguished by the following combination: head and mesosoma non-metallic dark brown; legs golden-hyaline; T2-T5 purple-brown. This species and M. hyalinei are the largest in the genus (10.5–12mm), but M. polybioides can be separated by the non-metallic head and mesosoma (metallic green) and the uniformly-coloured terga (apically yellow-hyaline).</p> <p>Redescription. Female: Body length 11.2–11.5mm, wing length 10.5mm, head width ITW 1.85–1.90mm. Head: round, L:W = 0.98:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: with subrectangular basal area, flattened basal elevation, narrow triangular distal process. (2) Clypeus: length 0.85X length of supraclypeal area, 2/3 of length below lower ocular tangent, convex in lateral view, not as protuberant supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd basally, coarse and sparse apically (2pd). (3) Supraclypeal area: dull, slightly shiny directly below antennal sockets; strongly convex in lateral view; narrow, width 0.75X length; punctation more or less even throughout, separated by 1–2pd, becoming slightly crowded apico-laterally. (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny apicolaterally and towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd), very finely punctate laterad of paraocular lobe towards inner margin of compound eyes, punctures separated by 2–3pd. (5) Frontal area: punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most; frontal line carinate only between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to 3MOD from median ocellus, with a distinct line reaching median ocellus. (6) Vertexal area: shiny; OOD = 1.8MOD, IOD = 1.7MOD, OVD = 1.2MOD; punctures obscure medially around ocelli, becoming coarse and dense laterally (&lt;1pd). (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area as wide as compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 1– 2pd; hypostomal area shiny, bare, and nearly impunctate. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F2–F10, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth with minute punctures, becoming shinier laterally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: dull, appearing granular, especially along margins and median line; densely punctate, punctures separated by 1–2pd in central disc, becoming more crowded basally and laterally past parapsidal line. (11) Mesoscutellum: dull but not as granular as mesoscutum, strongly dull apically; slightly depressed medially with raised areas on central discs appearing slightly bilobed; punctures as on mesoscutum, separated by&gt;1pd in central disc, becoming dense towards margins. (12) Metanotum: somewhat shiny, with shallow sparse punctures, separated by&gt;2pd; with short, yellowish hairs basally. (13) Mesopleuron: granular and sparsely punctate, punctures separated by 4–6pd; pre-episternum weakly granular anteriorly, punctation as mesopleuron; hypoepimeral area and central episternum sparsely punctate (&gt;4pd) above becoming nearly impunctate below. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, striation weakened, otherwise weakly shiny and impunctate. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum dorsally bare, weakly granular, length 0.90X length of mesoscutellum, dorsal striation present basally, normal throughout, extending to apical 1/3; propodeum imbricate laterally, weakly sloping posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation golden-brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell 1– 1.5 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: golden-brown, anteriorly dull becoming shiny posteriorly, anteriorly punctate with long pubescence, punctation fine and sparse posteriroly. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs yellowish, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short pale erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with yellow erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched pale yellow sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched yellow hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally, short spine-like yellow-brown hairs on inner side and dense yellow hairs on outer side; tibia with apicoventral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/ 3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of yellowish long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs yellow, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long pale yellow branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, yellow-white pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apical 1/3 darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2–T5 dull and brown without metallic reflections; pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and pale on T2–T4, long and brownish on apical T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2–S5 with hairs long and brown, shorter pale hairs along apical margin, S6 with few short and erect brown hairs on apex, otherwise bare.</p> <p>Male: As in female, except the following: Body length 10.5–10.7mm, wing length 8.5mm, head width 2.18– 2.20mm, ITW 1.43–1.45mm. Head: (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with a slight medial depression basally, appearing bilobed; distal process extending beyond basal area for up to 0.5X length of labrum, with a row of pale bristles; mandible without subapical tooth, apically reddened. (2) Clypeus: strongly convex, length 0.9X length of supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1–2pd basally, becoming sparser laterally (2–3pd), apical nearly impunctate. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area slightly narrower than compound eye in lateral view, about 0.85 X width of compound eye. (8) Antenna: pedicel about as long as wide, first flagellar segment wider than long, longer than segment 2, remaining segments about as wide as long. Mesosoma: (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: dorsal length of metapostnotum 0.85X length of mesoscutellum; dorsal striation present basally, normal throughout, extending to apical 1/3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 petiolate, much narrowed, pale brown with apical yellow band; T2 with apical area lighter than basal area, faint yellowish. (22) Sterna: S4 with an apical band of dense yellowish hair; S5 with two patches of dense yellow-brown hairs, becoming medially directed centrally. (23) Terminalia: refer to Fig. 23 (Packer, 1993).</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Chiapas, 20mi N Bochil Yerba Buena, 6500ft. 9-10 June 1969, WRM Mason [CNC] (holotype male examined); Chiapas, 20mi N Bochil Yerba Buena, 7000ft. cloud for. 10 June 1969. WRM Mason [CNC] (paratype female examined).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE28769605FF43A553FDCBFD2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE2874960AFF43A76BFC39FB0A.text	332B87CE2874960AFF43A76BFC39FB0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) sheffieldi Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) sheffieldi Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 180–181)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. GUATEMALA, Quiche, 2kms S Chichicastenango Rio Tesoro, 11 September 1987, M. Sharkey [CNC].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: head wider than long, depressed around antennal sockets; clypeus shorter than supraclypeal area; supraclypeal area apically widened with punctures dense laterally; S6 covered in dense pale hairs.</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 9.0– 9.2mm, wing length 7.8–8.0mm, head width 2.15mm. Head: round, L:W = 0.96:1, depressed around area of antennal sockets. (1) Labrum and mandible: with subrectangular basal area, flattened basal elevation, narrow triangular distal process. (2) Clypeus: length 0.83X length of supraclypeal area, 4/5 of length below lower ocular tangent, convex in lateral view, not as protuberant supraclypeal area; punctures separated by 1pd basally, coarse and sparse apically (2pd). (3) Supraclypeal area: dull, slightly shiny directly below antennal sockets; strongly convex in lateral view; apically widened, width 1.15X length; punctures closer laterally (1pd) becoming sparse centrally (&gt;3pd). (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny apicolaterally and towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd), very finely punctate laterad of paraocular lobe towards inner margin of compound eyes, punctures separated by 2–3pd. (5) Frontal area: punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most; frontal line carinate only between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to 3MOD from median ocellus, with a somewhat obscure line reaching median ocellus. (6) Vertexal area: shiny; OOD = 2.0MOD, IOD = 1.6MOD, OVD = 1.1MOD; punctures obscure medially around ocelli, becoming coarse and dense laterally (&lt;1pd). (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area as wide as compound eye in lateral view, shiny with fine punctures separated by 1pd above, becoming sparser below (2–3pd); hypostomal area shiny, bare, and nearly impunctate. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length from F2–F10, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, shinier laterally; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: dull, appearing granular, especially along margins and median line; densely punctate, punctures separated by 1–2pd in central disc, becoming more crowded basally and laterally past parapsidal line. (11) Mesoscutellum: dull with central disc shiny, medially raised basally, without a medial depression; punctures finer than on mesoscutum, separated by 1pd in central disc, becoming dense towards margins with several larger punctures sparsely among them (&gt;5pd). (12) Metanotum: somewhat shiny, with shallow sparse punctures, separated by&gt;2pd; with short, whitish-yellow hairs basally. (13) Mesopleuron: granular and sparsely punctate, punctures separated by 4–6pd; pre-episternum weakly granular anteriorly, punctures deep and crowded above, otherwise as on mesopleuron; hypoepimeral area and central episternum mostly impunctate. (14) Metapleuron: transversely striate basally, striation weakened, otherwise weakly shiny and impunctate. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum dorsally bare and weakly granular, length 0.90X length of mesoscutellum, posteriorly rounded, dorsal striation present basally, normal throughout, slightly longer medially, extending to apical; propodeum imbricate, strongly sloping posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation dark brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell 1–2 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: brown, anteriorly dull becoming shiny posteriorly, anteriorly punctate with long pubescence. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs pale yellowish-brown, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short brown erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with brownish erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched dark sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched dark brown hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with apicoventral patch of dark, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of black long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron; tibial spurs translucent yellow, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 short, close teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs brown-black, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long mixed dark and pale branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, dark brown pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band, apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2– T5 dull and brown without metallic reflections; pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and pale on T2– T4, long and dark on apical T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally; S2–S5 with hairs long and black, S2–S4 with shorter pale hairs along apical margin, S5 with long whitish hairs along apical margin; S6 with dense whitish hairs covering surface.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. GUATEMALA, Quiche, 2kms S Chichicastenango Rio Tesoro, 11 September 1987, M. Sharkey (holotype female [CNC]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named in honour of Cory Sheffield who has supplied the single specimen of this species, and who has been of great assistance throughout this study.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE2874960AFF43A76BFC39FB0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
332B87CE287A9608FF43A4E3FB3CF867.text	332B87CE287A9608FF43A4E3FB3CF867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mexalictus (Georgealictus) veracruzense Dumesh 2013	<div><p>Mexalictus (Georgealictus) veracruzense Dumesh, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 182–183)</p> <p>Holotype. Female. MEXICO, Veracruz, Hwy 125 Hualusco to Fortin de las Flores BN, Danforth &amp; Minckley, 2 Jan 1989 [KUM].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from others by the following combination: head and mesosoma metallic green; basal striation of metapostnotum absent. It is similar to M. crypticus but can be separated mainly by the absence of striation on the metapostnotum.</p> <p>Description. Female (Holotype): Body length 8.8mm, wing length 7.0– 7.1mm, head width 2.0mm, ITW 1.43–1.45mm. Head: round, L:W = 1:1. (1) Labrum and mandible: labrum with subrectangular basal area, basal elevation sulcate, with a medial depression, narrow triangular distal process; mandible basally black, becoming red in apical 2/5. (2) Clypeus: brassy in basal 1/2, becoming shiny black apically; length 0.8X length of supraclypeal area, 3/4 of length below lower ocular tangent, weakly convex in lateral view, slightly less protuberant than supraclypeal area; punctures dense laterally and basally, separated by less than &lt;1pd, somewhat interrupted medially, punctures becoming sparse, larger, and coarser apically. (3) Supraclypeal area: mostly dull except basal shiny area around antennal sockets; convex, slightly more protuberant than clypeus; apical width subequal to length; punctation slightly denser laterally, punctures separated by 1pd, becoming sparser medially. (4) Lower paraocular area: mostly dull becoming shiny towards paraocular lobe; punctation becoming less crowded below antennae, especially towards supraclypeal area (2pd); paraocular lobe shiny and impunctate. (5) Frontal area: frontal line carinate only between antennae, from basal third of supraclypeal area to upper antennal margins, with a visible shiny line reaching median ocellus; punctures dense and crowded; compound eye more convex below than above. (6) Vertexal area: shiny, with a weak transverse depression; OOD = 2.0MOD, IOD = 2.0MOD, OVD = 1.5MOD; punctures dense and crowded, separated by 0.25pd at most, coarse and crowded medially, more separated laterally. (7) Genal and hypostomal areas: genal area shiny, narrower than compound eye in lateral view; punctures separated by 1–2pd above and&gt;3pd below, hypostomal area nearly impunctate, bare and slightly dull. (8) Antenna: scape reaching past median ocellus, pedicel slightly longer than wide, F2 shorter than F1, flagellomeres slightly increasing in length distally, F2–F5 wider than long, F6–F9 quadrate, F10 longer than wide. Mesosoma: (9) Pronotum: smooth, impunctate, shinier laterally than dorsally, nearly bare; pronotal lobe pubescent, bearing pale branched hairs. (10) Mesoscutum: mostly dull, slightly shiny laterally; granular along margins and median line; pubescence whitish with several black hairs mostly evident anteriorly; punctures separated by 1pd in central disc becoming more sparse anteriorly, separated by 2–3pd. (11) Mesoscutellum: entirely shiny, medial line slightly raised basally; punctures fine and dense around margins and medial line (1pd), well separated on central disc (&gt;2pd). (12) Metanotum: entirely shiny below pubescence; punctures extremely fine, separated by 3–4pd. (13) Mesopleuron: dull, punctures shallow and well separated (2–3pd); pre-episternum with punctation similar to mesopleuron, punctures coarse but shallow anteriorly; hypoepimeral area and central episternum dull, with fine scattered punctures above, impunctate below; pubescence erect, with few dark hairs among light hairs. (14) Metapleuron: shiny, but somewhat granular, transversely striate basally, with black minute pubescence. (15) Metapostnotum and propodeum: metapostnotum dorsally bare and weakly granular, length 0.85X length of mesoscutellum, striation present basally, extremely short, longest laterally, obscure and nearly absent centrally; propodeum strongly sloping posteriorly, with long white hairs laterally and posteriorly. (16) Wings: marginal cell tinted dark brown, venation dark brown on marginal and basal veins; 1 st recurrent vein meeting 2 nd submarginal cell 1–1.5 vein widths basad of 2 nd transcubital vein. (17) Tegula: punctate anteriorly, dark brown, shiny posteriorly, punctate with longer, dark pubescence anteriorly. (18) Foreleg: tarsi with hairs dark reddish, basitarsus parallel sided, about 4X as long as width, hairs thick, erect and spine-like with a lateral patch of short golden erect hairs distally; tibia distally broadened, about 2.5X as long as greatest width, with dark brown-black erect hairs, longest ventrally; femur about 3X as long as greatest width, with branched dark sparse hairs ventrally, nearly bare dorsally; trochanter slender, about 2X as long as distal width, with hairs erect; coxa subtriangular, slightly depressed laterally, with branched hairs, a mixture of dark and pale hairs. (19) Middle leg: as foreleg, except as follows: basitarsus without lateral patch of short hairs distally; tibia with lateral patch of pale, long and dense pubescence on apical 2/3; femur with a lateral patch of dense short golden hairs proximally, and a patch of black long hairs near proximal margin; trochanter distally broadened, length 1.5X width; coxa somewhat hidden within ventral pleuron. (20) Hind leg: as middle leg, except as follows: basitarsus 3.5X as long as greatest width with several branched hairs, pubescence less dense than on tibia; tibia slender, 4X as long as greatest width, densely pubescent, hairs brown-black, long and erect; femur 4X as long as greatest width, without lateral patch of hairs, scopa well developed, with long brown branching hairs, somewhat sparse; trochanter and coxa with long, branching, black pubescence; trochanter much shorter, nearly as long as wide; coxa similar to that of foreleg; tibial spurs translucent yellowish red, apically darkened; inner hind tibial spur microserrate, with over 15 close teeth; outer hind tibial spur weakly curved at apical 1/3. Metasoma: (21) Terga: T1 shiny brown with a medial yellow band apical margin hyaline, minutely punctate; T2–T5 dull and brown without metallic reflections; pubescence pale, long and branched on T1, short and dark on T2–T4, long and dark on T5, sparse long hairs about 3X as long as short erect hairs. (22) Sterna: S1 with white long pubescence basally, S2–S5 with hairs long and black, present on apical half of sternite, S6 with few short and erect black hairs on apex, otherwise bare.</p> <p>Male: unknown.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO, Veracruz, Hwy 125 Hualusco to Fortin de las Flores BN, Danforth &amp; Minckley, 2 Jan 1989 (holotype female [KUM]).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named for its type locality in the state of Veracruz, Mexico.</p> <p>Phylogenetic analysis</p> <p>A total of 43 characters (Appendix) were coded for all species of Mexalictus and the outgroups. The phylogenetic analysis resulted in 4 equally most parsimonious trees (EMPTs) of 176 steps (Ci=36.4, Ri=56.6). Using successive approximations character weighting (SACW), one tree of 3504 steps was retained after two iterations (Ci=48.8, Ri=75.5). Winclada (Nixon, 2002) was used for purposes of mapping character transformations onto the tree, while Mesquite (Maddison and Maddison, 2011) was used to produce a simple colour coded tree (Figs. 184 and 185, respectively).</p> <p>The resulting phylogeny (Figs. 184, 185) distinctly separates Mexalictus into two monophyletic groups. The tree obtained using SACW was identical to one of the 4 EMPTs and this tree is taken to be the preferred result. The final phylogeny supports the division of Mexalictus into two subgenera, with the larger, dull to non-metallic and generally somewhat wasp-like species in subgenus Georgealictus with 10 species and the smaller, more brilliantly metallic, Dialictus -like species in the nominotypical subgenus, which contains 16 species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/332B87CE287A9608FF43A4E3FB3CF867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	DUMESH, SHEILA	DUMESH, SHEILA (2013): <p> <strong> Revision of the rare Mesoamerican bee genus <em> Mexalictus </ em> (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) with the description of </ strong> <br /> <strong> 21 new species </ strong> </ p>. Zootaxa 3708 (1): 1-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3708.1.1
