identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2C2987BBDD50FFB0FF103742FD13D7C8.text	2C2987BBDD50FFB0FF103742FD13D7C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notoplax H. Adams 1861	<div><p>Genus Notoplax H. Adams, 1861</p><p>Type species. Cryptoplax (Notoplax) speciosa H. Adams, 1861, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium to large chitons. Tegmentum reduced, with well defined, narrow jugum; lateral and pleural areas separated by larger pustules on diagonal line. Articulamentum large; sutural laminae convex in antero-lateral edge in tail valve; insertion plates large on all valves; slit formula 5/1/3-10. Girdle large, thick, very fleshy, densely spiculose, completely (rarely almost completely) encroaching between valves; sutural tufts always present, but usually not prominent (after Gowlett-Holmes 1991, with modification). Radula teeth arranged in skewed rows; central tooth asymmetrical, large, rectangular, concave in the distal half, bilobed at base; first lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thin, weakly notched antero-dorsal corner; major lateral tooth with long median denticle in large tricuspid head (after Saito 2004 with modification).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD50FFB0FF103742FD13D7C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD50FFB6FF103510FAB6D3F1.text	2C2987BBDD50FFB6FF103510FAB6D3F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notoplax conica Is. & Iw. Taki 1929	<div><p>Notoplax conica Is. &amp; Iw. Taki, 1929</p><p>Figs 1–4, 43 A</p><p>Notoplax (Ikedaëlla) conicus Is. &amp; Iw. Taki, 1929: 46 –50, pl. 2, figs 7–9, textfigs 1–6. Notoplax (Ikedaella) conica: Bergenhayn, 1933: 51, pl. 1, fig. 15, textfig. 15a–c; Is. Taki, 1962: 38; Iw. Taki, 1964: 413; Higo &amp; Goto, 1993: 10.</p><p>Notoplax conica: Kaas &amp; Van Belle, 1980: 30; 1998: 50; Saito, 1998: 158, fig. 2K; 2000b: 21, pl. 10, fig. 3; 2006a: 216; Higo et al., 1999: 30; Slieker, 2000: 100, pl. 38, fig. 29.</p><p>Type material. Not located:? ” Shanghai Science Institute”, Shanghai, China (Taki, 1962).</p><p>Type locality. Near Kashima, Tanabe Bay, Kii Peninsula, in a crevice of a massive coral, water depth 1.5–1.8 m (about 1 fathom).</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.00315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.1231165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.00315/lat 12.1231165)">Material</a> examined. Southern Vietnam, Nha Trang Bay, Tre Island, 12°07.387’N, 109°00.189’E, 0–0.5 m, on oysters and barnacles,1 spm, BL 10 mm, 0 4.05.2015, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Description. Animal small, oblong in outline. Valves small, rather low. Color of tegmentum light brown with greenish tint on jugum and radial ribs on valves I, V–VII, dark brown with light brown jugum on valves II–IV and VIII, pinkish tint on all apices. Girdle ivory with buff brown maculation.</p><p>Tegmentum small, width almost same in valves IV–VII. Head valve semicircular with five radiating rows of large convex pustules; posterior margin widely V-shaped. Intermediate valves roughly pentagonal in outline, wider than long, with rather low, round dorsum; lateral areas separated from pleural areas by radiating rows of large convex fused pustules; front margin straight between apophyses, straight to slightly convex in pleural areas; hind margin slightly concave; side slope straight; jugum wedge-shaped in valve II, nearly parallel sided in valves III– VIII, with rather irregular longitudinal riblets of fused pustules and pustular side margins. Tail valve round in outline; mucro raised, located slightly posterior to the center; posterior area with radiating ribs; posterior slope slightly convex.</p><p>Jugal macraesthetes arranged on each riblet. Each macraesthete accompanied by several micraesthetes that are also distributed in the grooves between the riblets. Pustules on pleural area droplet-shaped, flat or slightly concave, those on lateral areas and diagonal ribs apparently convex. Each pustule with 1–2 macraesthetes and several micraesthetes around each macraesthete. Tegmental plain with many fine, commarginal wrinkles and micraesthetes.</p><p>Articulamentum well developed, moderately thick, white in color. Apophyses large, separated by widely Vshaped sinus; anterior margin round in intermediate valves, truncate in tail valve. Insertion plates long in head valve, moderately long in remaining valves. Slits U-shaped, each accompanied by shallow groove, extending from the edge of the tegmentum. Slit formula 6/1/6.</p><p>Girdle rather wide, dorsally densely covered with tiny flattened pointed spicules, 30–40 µm x 10 µm, scattered straight or often curved needles, 65–115 µm x 10 µm. Sutural tufts with long needles up to 600 µm x 17 µm. Marginal needles similar to sutural tuft needles but smaller, 200 µm x 15 µm. Ventral side beset with flattened pointed spicules, 80–94 µm x 15-18 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from valves VII to IV, composed of 6 ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 3.3 mm long with 29 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth large, asymmetrically squarish, shallowly concaved, bilobed at base. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thin, weakly notched antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth large, tricuspid; cusps sharply pointed, median one larger than others. Major uncinual tooth with narrow blade.</p><p>Distribution. Reported only from southern Japan and now Nha Trang Bay, southern Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Taki (1962) mentioned that he heard his collection of chiton specimens was deposited in the former “ Shanghai Science Institute” after the World War II in 1953. The building is now used as the Shanghai Institute for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. We have located neither the collection nor the type material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD50FFB6FF103510FAB6D3F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD56FFBAFF10311BFEA2D301.text	2C2987BBDD56FFBAFF10311BFEA2D301.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notoplax odysseyi Sirenko & Saito 2017	<div><p>Notoplax odysseyi n. sp.</p><p>Figs 5–8, 43 B</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ZISP 2240, now disarticulated consisting of mounts of shell, perinotum and radula and 2 paratypes, ZISP 2241.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.25/lat 11.433333)">Off Phan Rang</a>, southern Vietnam, 11°26´N, 109°15´E, 95 m, on dead coral skeleton.</p><p>Etymology. Named after the R/V Odyssey of the Russian Academy of Science.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.25/lat 11.433333)">Material</a> examined. Southern Vietnam, off Phan Rang, 11°26´N, 109°15´E, 95 m, dead coral skeleton, #53 cruise of R/ V Odyssey, trawl st. 48, holotype, BL 51 mm and two paratypes, BL 15–60 mm, 19.09.1984, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Diagnosis. Large chiton with fleshy girdle completely encroaching between small valves. Tegmentum of intermediate valves greatly extended forward, with very narrow jugum. Color of tegmentum light brown with maculation of light gray and brown. Dorsal side of girdle densely covered with fine, sharply pointed needles which give shiny and hairy appearance to the girdle.</p><p>Description. Animal large, oval, moderately elevated. Valves small, completely encroached by fleshy girdle. Color of tegmentum light brown with maculation of light gray and brown. Girdle buff with shine from dense spicules.</p><p>Head valve more than semicircular with five radiating rows of large pustules; anterior margin concave between radial ribs; posterior margin nearly straight. Intermediate valves roughly elongate-pentagonal, moderately elevated, subcarinated; anterior margin round at anterior end of jugum, slightly concave between jugum and distal end of diagonal line; hind margin almost straight or slightly convex at both sides of hardly projecting apex; jugum very narrow wedge-shaped, raised, smooth on surface except for fine growth lines, with serrated side margins; rather wide lateral areas separated from pleural areas by raised ribs on diagonal line. Tail valve droplet-shaped, wider than head valve, with subcentral, raised mucro; posterior slope convex, with five weak radiating ribs.</p><p>Pustules on tegmentum droplet-shaped or elongate oval, densely packed, often larger on radial ribs; top of pustules flat or slightly concave; each pustule with 1–3 macraesthete pores and no micraesthete pores on top, several minute micraesthete pores in front of prepustular slope; no micraesthete pores on other area of tegmental plain.</p><p>Articulamentum well developed, white with rose in middle part, with transverse callus in posterior part, minute pores under jugum. Apophyses large, long, rounded at anterior margin in intermediate valves, roughly truncated in tail valve. Insertion plate exceedingly long, with rather wide slits; outer surface forming ridges from distal end of radial ridges to slits. Slit formula 5/1/4.</p><p>Girdle fleshy, very wide, ca. 11 mm near valve V (width of tegmentum 5.6 mm). Dorsal side of girdle, densely beset with long, curved, smooth, sharply pointed needles, 328–670 µm x 16–28 µm. Sutural tufts of up to 40 straight, smooth needles, attaining 730 µm x 40 µm. Ventral spicules flat, smooth, bluntly pointed, 85–210 µm x 16 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve IV, composed of 22 ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 13 mm long with 33 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth rectangular, asymmetrical with bilobed base. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thin, weakly notched antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid head; cusps sharply pointed; central cusp slightly longer than others. Major uncinal tooth long, narrow.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality, off Phan Rang, Southern Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles ' Notoplax hilgendorfi ' (misidentified, not the species reported by Thiele 1909) reported from Hyotan-se bank, northern Izu Islands, the Pacific coast of central Japan (Wu &amp; Okutani 1995), which appears to be identical with Notoplax sp. from Sagami Bay, the Pacific coast of central Japan (Saito 2006a) but the present species differs from the Japanese species by having wider ventral spicules and longer major uncinal teeth of the radula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD56FFBAFF10311BFEA2D301	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD5AFFBBFF1030ABFDCFD3B9.text	2C2987BBDD5AFFBBFF1030ABFDCFD3B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoplax Dall 1882	<div><p>Genus Leptoplax (Carpenter MS) Dall, 1882</p><p>Type species. Chiton coarctatus Sowerby, 1841, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium chitons. Tegmentum rather wide to reduced, with well defined, narrow to wedge-shaped jugum; lateral and pleural areas hardly separable (occasionally separable with larger pustules on diagonal line). Articulamentum large; sutural laminae concave in antero-lateral edge in tail valve; insertion plates medium to large on all valves; slit formula 5/1/3-10. Girdle large, thick, fleshy, densely spiculose, usually not completely encroaching between valves; sutural tufts always present, but usually not prominent. Radula teeth arranged symmetrically (rarely asymmetrical in central part); central tooth asymmetrical, spatula-shaped or those with wide basal portion, concave in the distal half, keeled at base; first lateral (centro-lateral) tooth of radula with thin or slightly thickened antero-dorsal corner; median denticle of tricuspid major lateral tooth long, but not as long as in Notoplax (radula characters: after Saito, 2004 with modification).</p><p>Remarks. The genus Leptoplax had been considered to represent a synonym of the genus Notoplax but has been reinstated by Gowlett-Holmes (2001) after redefinition of the latter genus (Gowlett-Holmes 1991), although the redefinition of Leptoplax has not been given to date. Here we propose a new definition. The main criteria to distinguish the two genera are the morphology of the sutural laminae of the tail valve and the radula, especially of the central and the first lateral teeth. However, further research including molecular analysis is needed to establish better definition for both genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD5AFFBBFF1030ABFDCFD3B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD5BFFBEFF1030F4FCC4D271.text	2C2987BBDD5BFFBEFF1030F4FCC4D271.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoplax doederleini (Thiele 1909) Thiele 1909	<div><p>Leptoplax doederleini (Thiele, 1909)</p><p>Figs 9–12, 43 D</p><p>Notoplax döderleini Thiele, 1909: 39, pl. 5, figs 32–38; Kaas &amp; Van Belle, 1980: 40; 1998: 64. Notoplax (Notoplax) doederleini: Van Belle, 1980: 478 –480, fig. 4.</p><p>“ Notoplax ” doederleini: Saito, 1998: 160, fig. 2N; 2000a: 102.</p><p>Leptoplax doederleini: Saito, 2000b: 21, pl. 10, fig. 6; 2001: 200, fig. 14; 2006a: 217.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ZMB Moll. 102017.</p><p>Type locality. Kajiyama (=? Katsuyama, Tokyo Bay), Japan.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.22628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.690166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.22628/lat 13.690166)">Material</a> examined. Southern Vietnam, Nha Trang Bay, Dat Id., 13°41.410´N, 109°13.577´E, 0–0.4 m, under stones, 2 spms (ZISP 2237, 2238), BL 15 &amp; 17 mm, 25.04.2013, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Description. Animal medium in size, elongate-oval, moderately elevated. Color of tegmentum pinkish white, maculated with white, olive green, dark pink and dark brown; hind margins of intermediate valves with regular dark brown blotches; jugum tinted with olive green bounded by white lines. Girdle beige with pale reddish brown bands.</p><p>Head valve semicircular, posterior margin widely V-shaped; anterior slope slightly convex; no radial ribs. Intermediate valve roughly trapezoidal or lunate in outline, moderately elevated, subcarinate, beaked; front margin straight between apophyses; hind margin concave at both sides of beak; side slope nearly straight; jugum wedgeshaped, smooth on surface, wavy in side margins; lateral area ambiguously separable from pleural area by weak angulation on diagonal line. Tail valve elliptical in outline with central mucro; width of tegmentum only slightly narrower than head valve; posterior slope slightly concave.</p><p>Pustules on tegmentum arranged basically in quincunx order on head valve, lateral areas of intermediate valves and posterior area of tail valve, somewhat irregular in pleural areas and antemucronal area. Each pustule elongate oval, flat at top with 2–3 aesthete pores and several aesthete pores on prepustular slope. All aesthete pores on pustules of almost uniform size, approximately 12 µm x 7 µm, hardly distinguishable macr- and micraesthete pores. Micraesthete pores present on tegmental plain.</p><p>Articulamentum well developed, rather thin, white. Apophyses widely separated; anterior margin gently round in intermediate valves, concave in tail valve. Insertion plates long, striated on outer surface. Slits narrow. Slit formula 5/1/8.</p><p>Girdle rather wide, 2.5 mm at side of valve V. Dorsal side of girdle with three types of spicules or needles: Smallest spicules slender, smooth, sharply pointed at tip, 35 µm x 8 µm; among these minute spicules, long, slender, smooth, slightly curved spicules, 45–80 µm x 8–12 µm and thick, curved, smooth or longitudinally angulated, sharply pointed needles, 80–120 µm x 15 µm, which are more or less oblong in cross section implanted. Sutural tufts small, of up to 13 long needles, 278–660 µm x 27–35 µm. Marginal needles smooth, slightly curved, attaining 346 µm x 25 µm. Ventral spicules flat, 18–110 µm x 8–20 µm; ventral spicules near girdle margin occasionally with several riblets.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve V, composed of 13 ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 4.1 mm in length with 40 rows of mature teeth. Central tooth narrow, spatula-shaped with weakly bilobed blade, keeled at basal portion. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with slightly thickened, weakly produced antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth tricuspid; denticles tips blunt, central one slightly longer than others.</p><p>Distribution. From Pacific coast of central Japan to Okinawa, Hong Kong and northern Vietnam, 0– 20 m.</p><p>Remarks. Leptoplax doederleini resembles Leptoplax coarctata (Sowerby, 1841) in general shape of the valves and the dorsal side of the girdle with three types of spicules or needles, but they are distinguishable by the following features: The valves of the former are wider than those of latter; the pustules on the tegmentum which have 2–3 aesthete pores on each pustule in the former whereas only one in the latter; curved spicules of the dorsal side of the girdle which are smooth or occasionally angulated in the former, while sculptured with irregular transverse, screw-like ridges in the latter.</p><p>This is the first record of this species from Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD5BFFBEFF1030F4FCC4D271	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD5FFFA0FF103393FADDD01F.text	2C2987BBDD5FFFA0FF103393FADDD01F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoplax nhatrangi Sirenko & Saito 2017	<div><p>Leptoplax nhatrangi n. sp.</p><p>Figs, 13–15, 43C</p><p>Notoplax sp.: Sirenko 2012: fig. 36A–C.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ZISP 2239, now disarticulated consisting of mounts of shell, perinotum and radula, 3 paratypes, ZISP 2258 and 2259, intermediate valves.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.23333/lat 12.166667)">Tam Island</a>, Nha Trang Bay, southern Vietnam, 12°10´N, 109°14´E, 7–12 m, on shells of Malleus malleus, muddy sand,</p><p>Etymology. Named after Nha Trang Bay</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.33867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.192805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.33867/lat 12.192805)">Material</a> examined. Southern Vietnam, Nha Trang Bay, Nok Id., 12°11´34.1´´N, 109°20´19.2´´E, 16–22 m, SCUBA, shell grit, paratypes, 2 intermediate valves, 17.05.2009, leg. B. Sirenko ; Tam Id., 12°10´N, 109°14´E, 7– 12 m, SCUBA, on shells of the hammer oyster Malleus malleus, muddy sand, holotype, BL 5.2 mm, 14.05.2011, leg. B. Sirenko; East off Tre Id., 12°11.557´N, 109°20. 323´E, 24 m, SCUBA, sand, paratype, 1 intermediate valve, 27.05.2013, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small chitons with prominent radial ribs that consist of large, convex pustules on head valve, on diagonal lines of intermediate valves and on posterior area of tail valve and narrow wedge-shaped, raised, smooth jugum. Intermediate valves rhombic, rather elevated and carinated. Tail valve round, apparently narrower than head valve, with central, low mucro. Pustules on tegmentum droplet-shaped or elongate oval; top of pustules almost flat or slightly concave except for those on radial ribs. Each pustule with 1–3 macraesthete pores and 2–12 micraesthete pores. Micraesthete pores sparsely distributed also on tegmental plain. Dorsal side of girdle, beset with minute, short, thick spicules intermingling with sharply pointed, smooth needles.</p><p>Description. Animal small, elongate oval, moderately elevated. Color of tegmentum yellowish brown with maculation of white and brown and reddish tint on jugum. Girdle yellowish brown.</p><p>Head valve more than semicircular with five radiating rows of large pustules; posterior margin nearly straight. Intermediate valves roughly rhombic, moderately elevated, carinate, beaked; front margin concave between apophyses; hind margin concave at both sides of strong beak; jugum narrow wedge-shaped, prominently raised, smooth on surface, with almost straight side margins; narrow lateral areas separated from pleural areas by radiating rows of large pustules. Tail valve round, narrower than head valve, with central, low mucro; posterior slope concave, with four (five in paratype) radiating rows of large pustules.</p><p>Pustules on tegmentum droplet-shaped or elongate oval, arranged in quincunx pattern, which are arranged somewhat irregularly near the jugum; top convex in radial rows, flat or slightly concave in other areas; top of each pustule with 1–3 macraesthete pores and 2–12 micraesthete pores. Micraesthete pores sparsely distributed also on tegmental plain.</p><p>Articulamentum moderately developed, white, translucent, with transverse callus in middle of valves, several large pores under anterior margin of jugum, numerous minute pores under remaining part of jugum. Apophyses wide, long, rounded at anterior margin in intermediate valves, truncated in tail valve. Insertion plate short with short, rather wide slits; outer surface rough in tail valve. Slit formula 5/1/4.</p><p>Girdle rather wide, ca. 0.8 mm near valve IV (width 1.4 mm). Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute, thick, slightly curved, smooth, bluntly pointed spicules, 20–29 µm x 7–10 µm, intermingling with sharply pointed, smooth needles measuring up to 188 µm x 11 µm. Sutural tufts of up to 12 straight, smooth needles, 210–500 µm x 12–19 µm, surrounded by thick, curved, smooth spicules, 75 µm x 15 µm. Marginal needles similar to those of sutural tufts, but smaller, 92–160 µm x 10 µm. Ventral spicules flat, smooth, blunt tipped or with two riblets, pointed, 65–88 µm x 16 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve VI, composed of five ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 1.5 mm long with 24 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth large, assymetrical with weakly bilobed blade, keeled at basal half. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thin antero-dorsal corner Major lateral tooth with tricuspid head; cusps sharply pointed; central cusp slightly longer than others.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Nha Trang Bay, Vietnam, 7– 12 m.</p><p>Remarks. The present species closely resembles Notoplax holosericea (Nierstrasz, 1905) in shell morphology, such as outline of the valves, the sculpture including convex pustules on radial ribs and flat ones on other areas and also the yellowish coloration of the shell and girdle. However, the present species differs from N. holosericea by having round and more densely arranged pustules on the tegmentum and minute, thick spicules (lance blade-like in N. holosericea) on the perinotum. Notoplax holosericea appears to be a member of the genus Leptoplax because it has the characteristic sutural laminae on the tail valve. Examination of the radula of N. holosericea is needed to confirm this generic assignment. The present species resembles Notoplax conica Taki and Taki, 1929, but differs in having a smooth jugum (granular in N. conica) and a flat tail valve (raised as cone shape in N. conica).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD5FFFA0FF103393FADDD01F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD40FFA0FF10335CFC3CD2DD.text	2C2987BBDD40FFA0FF10335CFC3CD2DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoplax richardi (Kaas 1990) Sirenko & Saito 2017	<div><p>Leptoplax richardi (Kaas, 1990) n. comb.</p><p>Fig. 16</p><p>Notoplax (Notoplax) richardi Kaas, 1990: 178 –179, figs 1–10. Notoplax richardi: Kaas &amp; Van Belle, 1998: 158 .</p><p>“ Notoplax ” sp. cf. richardi: Saito, 1998: 158 –160, fig. 8.</p><p>Type material. Holotype, MNHN-IM-2000-6111.</p><p>Type locality. Capel Bank, Coral Sea, 25°20´S, 159°44´E, 56 m.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.8311&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.2220335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.8311/lat 11.2220335)">Material</a> examined. Southern Vietnam, Cau Id., 11°13.322´N, 108°49.866´E, 12–13 m, SCUBA, sand, tail valve, 14.05.2013, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Distribution. Coral Sea; Southern Vietnam; Goto Islands, Japan, 6– 56 m.</p><p>Remarks. The tail valve (Fig. 16) which is the only known specimen of this species collected during the survey of collected sand is identifiable to Notoplax richardi Kaas, 1990 [= Leptoplax richardi (Kaas, 1990) n. comb.] described from Coral Sea, at the depth of 56 m by the outline of tegmentum, wavy margins of the jugum which has oblique sulci and 2–7 micraesthete pores distributed in the proximal half of the pustule.</p><p>The generic assignment of this species is changed from Notoplax to Leptoplax herein, based on the diagnostic features of the sutural laminae of the tail valve and the central part of the radula. The latter is shown in Saito (1998: 159, Fig. 8 A). This is the first record of this species from Vietnamese waters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD40FFA0FF10335CFC3CD2DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD41FFA7FF10323FFE12D2FD.text	2C2987BBDD41FFA7FF10323FFE12D2FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoplax tongkingi Sirenko & Saito 2017	<div><p>Leptoplax tongkingi n. sp.</p><p>Figs 17–20, 43 E</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ZISP 2235, now disarticulated, consisting of mounts of shells, perinotum and radula.Paratype, ZISP 2236.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.05621&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.727917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.05621/lat 20.727917)">Cat Ba Island</a>, Gulf of Tongking, northern Vietnam, 20°43.675´N, 107°03.373´E, intertidal.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Gulf of Tongking.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.05621&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.727917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.05621/lat 20.727917)">Material</a> examined. Northern Vietnam, Gulf of Tongking, Cat Ba Id., 20°43.675´N, 107°03.373´E, intertidal, underside of stone, holotype, BL 7 mm, 10.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko ; 20°45.957´N, 107°07.722´E, 3–4 m, SCUBA, sand, stones, on shells, paratype, BL 5 mm, 0 6.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small chitons with wide, low intermediate valves. Jugum smooth, wide wedge-shaped, with wavy side margins. Tail valve as wide as head valve, oval, with central, low mucro. Pustules on tegmentum elongate oval, which are fused in the posterior margins of the head and intermediate valves; top of pustule flat, with 2–3 aesthete pores on top and several aesthete pores on the prepustular slope. Aesthete pores present also on tegmental plain. Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute, sharply pointed, strongly ribbed spicules intermingling with sharply pointed, smooth needles.</p><p>Description. Animal small, elongate oval, low in profile. Color of tegmentum yellowish white with patches of pink and olive green. Girdle light brown with pinkish maculation.</p><p>Head valve semicircular, posterior margin widely V-shaped; anterior slope nearly straight; no radial ribs. Intermediate valves wide, roughly rectangular, low, round backed, beaked; front margin straight between apophyses; hind margin concave at both sides of beak; jugum wide wedge-shaped, smooth, with wavy side margins; lateral areas slightly raised. Tail valve oval, with central, moderately raised mucro; width of tegmentum almost equal to that of head valve; posterior slope concave.</p><p>Pustules on tegmentum arranged in quincunx pattern on head valve, lateral areas of intermediate valves and posterior area of tail valve, somewhat irregular in pleural areas. Pustules of posterior margin fused in head and intermediate valves. Each pustule elongate oval, flat at top with two to three aesthete pores and several aesthete pores on prepustular slope. Aesthete pores present also on tegmental plain. All aesthete pores of almost uniform size, 8̄9 µm x 5 ̄8 µm, hardly distinguishable macr- and micraesthete pores.</p><p>Articulamentum moderately developed, yellowish white, with callus antero-laterally extending from under beak, porous under jugum. Apophyses wide, gently arched, widely separated each other in intermediate valves, protruded at inner corners in tail valve. Insertion plate short with short, rather wide slits; Slit formula 5/1/9.</p><p>Girdle rather wide, ca. 0.8 mm near valve V. Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute, sharply pointed, strongly ribbed spicules, up to 36 µm x 15 µm, intermingling with sharply pointed, smooth needles measuring up to 108 µm x 8 µm. Sutural tufts of up to 12 straight, smooth needles, up to 680 µm x 48 µm. Marginal needles similar to those of sutural tufts, but thinner, up to 250 µm x 11 µm. Ventral spicules similar to ribbed dorsal spicules, but larger, up to 59 µm x 16 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve IV, composed of 11 ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 2.1 mm long, with 30 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth asymmetrical, widened at lower half, slender at upper half with small blade, weakly keeled at base. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thin, angulated antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid head; cusps sharply pointed; central cusp longer than others. Major uncinal tooth with finely incised comb-likely edge near tip.</p><p>Distribution. Gulf of Tongking, northern Vietnam, intertidal– 3 m.</p><p>Remarks. The comb-like blade of the major uncinal tooth is known only in other two distinct families: the genus Ferreiraella of the family Ferreiraellidae in the order Lepidopleurida and the genera Tonicella and Boreochiton in the family Tonicellidae of the order Chitonida and this is the first report of this feature other than those two families.</p><p>Leptoplax tongkingi n. sp. most resembles Leptoplax richardi (Kaas, 1990) by having ribbed dorsal girdle spicules and peculiar shape of the central tooth of the radula, which is asymmetrical, widened at lower half, slender at upper half. However, the spicule of the former has sharp riblets in almost its entire length whereas only in swollen distal part in the latter; the valves of the former are wider than those of the latter; the tail valve is as wide as head valve in the former, whereas much narrower in the latter. The comb-like blade of the major uncinal tooth is not possessed by L. richardi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD41FFA7FF10323FFE12D2FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD44FFA4FF10338CFC3FD26A.text	2C2987BBDD44FFA4FF10338CFC3FD26A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthochitona Gray 1821	<div><p>Genus Acanthochitona Gray, 1821</p><p>Type species: Chiton fascicularis Linnaeus, 1767, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to large chitons. Tegmentum rather wide to reduced, with usually well defined, but sometimes obsolete, narrow to wedge-shaped jugum; lateral and pleural areas hardly separable. Articulamentum large; sutural laminae weakly concave to convex in antero-lateral edge in tail valve; insertion plates various sizes; slit formula 5/ 1/2. Girdle moderate width to large, fleshy, densely spiculose, usually not completely encroaching between valves; sutural tufts always present, usually prominent. Radula teeth arranged symmetrically; central tooth symmetrical (rarely asymmetrical), narrow to wide, thin to thick; first lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thickened, nodulous antero-dorsal corner; major lateral tooth with tricuspid head which denticles are nearly equal in length to decidedly longer in median one (radula characters: after Saito 2004 with modification).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD44FFA4FF10338CFC3FD26A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD45FFA9FF10310CFB77D63B.text	2C2987BBDD45FFA9FF10310CFB77D63B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthochitona achates (Gould 1859) Gould 1859	<div><p>Acanthochitona achates (Gould, 1859)</p><p>Figs 21–23, 44 A</p><p>Chiton (Acanthochaetes) achates Gould 1859: 165 .</p><p>Acanthochiton sagamicus Bergenhayn 1933: 43, pl.1, fig.14.</p><p>Acanthochiton achates: Is. Taki, 1938: 360 –362, pl. 15, fig. 2, pl. 23, figs 7–11, pl. 24, figs 3–7.</p><p>Acanthochitona achates: Kaas &amp; Van Belle, 1980: 1; 1998: 11; Saito, 1995: 109; 1998: 161; 2000a: 102; 2000b: 23, pl. 11, fig. 9; 2001: 200, fig. 17; 2006a: 217; Slieker, 2000: 100, pl. 38, fig. 26.</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, MCZ 169031.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.17655&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.1967" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.17655/lat 16.1967)">Kikaia</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.17655&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.1967" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.17655/lat 16.1967)">Hakodadi</a> (= <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.17655&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.1967" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.17655/lat 16.1967)">Hakodate</a>) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.17655&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.1967" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.17655/lat 16.1967)">Bay</a>, Hokkaido, Japan. Material examined. Central Vietnam, near Da Nang, 16°11.802´N, 108°10.593´E, intertidal, stones, (on barnacles), 6 spms, BL 3–19 mm, 16.05.2012, leg. O. Savinkin.</p><p>Description. Animal medium in size, oval, with small, low, round-backed valves. Color of tegmentum variable, often brown with whitish streaks along jugum, bluish green patches on lateropleural areas. Color of girdle also variable, brown, dark yellowish brown or yellowish green, sometimes with darker or lighter bands or patches.</p><p>Head valve more than semicircular, with five faint radial undulations; posterior margin almost straight; anterior slope convex. Intermediate valves roughly trapezoidal, beaked, round-backed; lateral areas hardly separable; side slopes slightly convex; jugum wedge-shaped, with fine longitudinal grooves. Tail valve small, elliptical to trapezoidal, wider than long, with central mucro; posterior slope convex.</p><p>Tegmentum sculptured with oval to elongate oval pustules, arranged quincuncially on all tegmental areas except for jugum which has longitudinal riblets separated by narrow grooves. Each pustule with one central macraesthete pore, 0–2 micraesthete pore on pre-pustular slope. No aesthete pores on tegmental plain.</p><p>Articulamentum well developed, thick, bluish white. Apophyses separated by wide sinus; anterolateral margin weakly round in intermediate valves, truncate in tail valve. Insertion plate long, smooth, vertically projected in tail valve. Slit formula 5/1/2. Slits narrow, short.</p><p>Girdle wide, about 3.1 mm near valve IV (width 4.3 mm) in studied specimen (BL 15 mm). Dorsal side of girdle of studied specimen (BL 15 mm) densely covered with straight, finely striate, pointed spicules of two distinct sizes: up to 260 µm x 40 µm and 150 µm x 30 µm. Sutural tufts prominent, consist of up to 70 large needles, up to 1200 µm x 42 µm. Marginal needles similar to larger perinotal spicules, but longer and smooth, 600 µm x 30 µm. Ventral spicules small, slender, flat, weakly angulated on surface, 100 µm x 19 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve IV, composed of 20 ctenidia on each side in studied specimen (BL 15 mm),</p><p>Radula of studied specimen (BL 15 mm) 5.5 mm long with 33 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth cup-shaped with weakly bilobed blade, strongly keeled at baseal half. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thick, nodulous antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid cap; denticles blunt at tip; central one longer than others.</p><p>Distribution. Japanese coast from southern Hokkaido to Okinawa Island; Korean coast; East China Sea Coast of China; northern Vietnam, intertidal.</p><p>Remarks. Type material of Chiton achates Gould, 1859 (MCZ 169031) comprises three specimens. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.0/lat 28.483334)">Among</a> which, two specimens are Acanthochitona achates, while another is Leptoplax doederleini . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.0/lat 28.483334)">Gould</a> (1859) gave two localities of the specimens: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.0/lat 28.483334)">Kikaia</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.0/lat 28.483334)">Hakodadi Bay</a> (Hokkaido). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.0/lat 28.483334)">If Kikaia</a> means <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.0/lat 28.483334)">Kikai-jima Island</a> (or <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.0/lat 28.483334)">Kikai-gashima Island</a>), Ryukyu Islands, approximately 28° 29´N, 130° 00´E, this appears to be the locality of the specimen of L. doederleini as this species has been known only from the Pacific coast of central Japan and southwards.</p><p>This species is distinct from its Indo-West Pacific congeners by having a well defined wedge-shaped jugum with fine longitudinal grooves, single macraesthete pore on each pustule of the tegmentum, lack of the aesthete pores on the tegmental plain, spiculose girdle which comprises pointed, finely striated spicules of two distinct sizes. “ Notoplax doederleini ” (not of Thiele, 1909) reported from Hong Kong (Bullock &amp; Harper 1994) appears to be identical with this species. This is the first record of this species from the Vietnamese coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD45FFA9FF10310CFB77D63B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD49FFAFFF10354DFBFDD2A2.text	2C2987BBDD49FFAFFF10354DFBFDD2A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthochitona biformis (Nierstrasz 1905) Nierstrasz 1905	<div><p>Acanthochitona biformis (Nierstrasz, 1905)</p><p>Figs 24–26, 44 B</p><p>Acanthochites biformis Nierstrasz, 1905: 55, pl. 1, fig.1, pl. 4, figs 104–108.</p><p>Acanthochitona biformis: Kaas &amp; Van Belle, 1980: 16, 1998: 32; Saito, 2006b: 125, fig. 3.</p><p>Type material. Syntypes, ZMA Moll 138563.</p><p>Type locality. Not designated, original lots were mentioned from near Kupan and Nusa Besi of Timor Island, Sanguisiapo Island and Banda Island, Indonesia.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.829765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.22045" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.829765/lat 11.22045)">Material</a> examined. Southern Vietnam, Cau Id., 11°13.227´N, 108°49.786´E, 13–17 m, SCUBA, on old shells, 1 spm, BL 11 mm, 12.05.2013, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Description. Animal small, oval, with small, moderately elevated, round backed valves. Color of tegmentum white with brownish flecks; jugum with yellowish tint.</p><p>Head valve semicircular with five obsolete radial undulations; posterior margin almost straight; anterior slope convex. Intermediate valves roughly oval to fan-shaped in outline, beaked, round-backed; lateral areas hardly separable; side slopes slightly convex; jugum narrow wedge-shape, smooth. Tail valve small, with central mucro; width of tegmentum slightly wider than half width of head valve.</p><p>Tegmentum sculptured with droplet-shaped or oval, weakly concave pustules arranged in quincunx order; prepustular slope very narrow, sunken in slit. Each pustule with one macraesthete pore or occasionally two pores near center. No aesthete pore on tegmental plain. Jugum with fine growth lines, but practically smooth; micraesthete pores sparsely distributed.</p><p>Apophyses rounded, widely apart from each other in intermediate valves, truncated in tail valve. Insertion plate rather short, smooth on surface except for tail valve, which has rough surface with eight minute denticles at the edge in studied specimen. Slit formula 5/1/2.</p><p>Girdle rather wide, about 2.8 mm near valve V (width 3.3 mm) in studied specimen. Dorsal side of girdle densely covered with minute, pointed spicules, 110–125 µm x 10–16 µm, intermingling with thin needles attaining 218 µm x 9 µm. Sutural tufts prominent, consisting of up to 40 long, slightly curved, smooth or occasionally finely ribbed needles, 770–1200 µm x 40 –42 µm. Marginal needles long, slightly curved, finely ribbed, up to 413 µm x 27 µm. Ventral spicules minute, flat, 66–80 µm x 14–15 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve V, composed of 10 ctenidia on each side in studied specimen. Radula of studied specimen 3.5 mm with 25 rows of mature teeth. Central tooth small, spatulate in outline, thin, sharply keeled in basal portion. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thick, nodulous antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid head; denticles blunt at tip; central one longer than others. Major uncinal tooth with long blade of moderate width.</p><p>Distribution. Timor and Banda Islands, Indonesia; southern Sulu Islands and Mindoro Island, Philippines; southern Vietnam, intertidal– 12 m.</p><p>Remarks. Nierstrasz (1905) remarked that there are two variations within the present species, which have almost same morphology in the valves and same color (tint) in the sutural tufts, but differences in the color and the width of the valves. One of the two color variations referred by Nierstrasz has white valves with a yellowish jugum and dark reddish flecks as has been reported by Saito (2006b) in a specimen from Mindoro Island, Philippines. This specimen has a little wider valves than the present material but other features match well in both specimens. Another variation reported by Nierstrasz has uniformly orange-yellow valves which are slightly narrower than those of the white variation. Examination of the orange-yellow specimen among the syntypes (from Sanguisiapo Island, Siboga station 93) confirmed the same morphology among those variations. As similar differences are known also from some Acanthochitona species, such as A. crinita (Pennant, 1777) (Kaas 1985), A. fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767) (Leloup 1941: as A. communis) and A. hirudiniformis (Sowerby, 1832) (Watters 1990), we also regard them as intraspecific variations.</p><p>Acanthochitona biformis differs from its Indo-West Pacific congeners by having wide valves with a narrow jugum and densely packed oval pustules. The morphology of the pustules and radula show similarity to those of Acanthochitona intermedia (Nierstrasz, 1905), but A. biformis differs from A. intermedia by having a narrower jugum and more round pustules with a much narrower prepustular slope which is sunken in the slit.</p><p>The present species superficially resembles Acanthochitona leopoldi (Leloup, 1933), but differs in shape and in the arrangement of the pustules (oval to droplet-shape and arranged in quincunx order in the former, while narrow droplet-shape and arranged in comarginally in the latter. Also A. leopoldi is more spiculous in the sutures between the valves. This is the first record of this species from Vietnamese waters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD49FFAFFF10354DFBFDD2A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD4DFF93FF1036BDFC49D3FE.text	2C2987BBDD4DFF93FF1036BDFC49D3FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthochitona condaoi Sirenko & Saito 2017	<div><p>Acanthochitona condaoi n. sp.</p><p>Figs 27–29, 44 C</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ZISP 2228, now disarticulated consisting of mounts of shell, perinotum and radula and 4 paratypes: 3 spms, ZISP 2229; 1 spm, NSMT-Mo 78923.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.63333/lat 8.683333)">Con Dao Island</a>, Con Son Archipelago, southern Vietnam, 8°41´N, 106°38´E, 0.5–1.0 m, sand, on shell of Malleus malleus.</p><p>Etymology. Named after the type locality.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.63333/lat 8.683333)">Material</a> examined. Southern Vietnam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.63333/lat 8.683333)">Con Son Archipelago</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.63333/lat 8.683333)">Con Dao</a>, Id., 8°41´N, 106°38´E, 0.5–1.0 m, sand, on shell of Malleus malleus, 4 spms: holotype, BL 5 mm and 3 paratypes, BL 4–7 mm, 0 9.04.2010, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.55/lat 8.633333)">Ba Id.</a>, 8°38´N, 106°33´E, 8–9 m, SCUBA, on old shells with red crustose calcareous algae, 1 spm, BL 4.5 mm, 15.04.2010, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.55863&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.673384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.55863/lat 8.673384)">Con Dao Id.</a>, 08°40.403´N, 106°33.518´E, 13–15 m, SCUBA, attached substratum unknown, among old shells and corals, 1 spm, BL 2.5 mm, 13.04.2011, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.62569&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.673384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.62569/lat 8.673384)">Con Dao Id.</a>, 08°40.403´N, 106°37.541´E, 3–5 m, SCUBA, on old corals, 3 spms, BL 4–6 mm, 14.04.2011, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.69262&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.660883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.69262/lat 8.660883)">Bay Conh Id.</a>, 08°39.653´N, 106°41.557´E, 15–17 m, SCUBA, attached substratum unknown, among old shells and corals, 1 spm, BL 3 mm, 15.04.2011, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.63333/lat 8.683333)">Con Dao Id.</a>, 08°41´N, 106°38´E, 0.5–1 m, attached substratum unknown, among sand, shells of Malleus malleus and Pinna spp., 1 spm, BL 5 mm, 18.04.2011, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.63333/lat 8.683333)">Con Dao Id.</a>, 08°41´N, 106°38´E, 0.5–1 m, sand, on shells of Pinna sp., 1 spm, BL 5 mm, 20.04.2011, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.63333/lat 8.683333)">Con Dao Id.</a>, 08°41´N, 106°38´E, 0.5–1 m, sand, on shells of Malleus malleus, 11 spms (1 paratype in NSMT), BL 3–10 mm, 20.04.2011, leg. B. Sirenko ; Gulf of Thailand, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.02002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.920016" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.02002/lat 9.920016)">Anthak Ids</a>, Vang, Id., 09°55.201´N, 104°01.201E, 9–11 m, SCUBA, sand, stones, 1 intermediate valve, 0 4.04.2011, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small chitons with fan-shaped intermediate valves. Jugum very narrow, with wavy side margins. Tail valve small, semicircular, with central, moderately elevated mucro. Pustules on tegmentum droplet-shaped, rather sparsely and randomly arranged; top of pustules flat, with single macraesthete pore and 2–4 micraesthete pores. No micraesthete pores on tegmental plain. Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute, flat, finely ribbed spicules intermingling with much longer, sharply pointed spicules, which are curved near the base, sculptured with fine, sharp ridges on the entire length. Sutural tufts prominent, of thick, curved, smooth needles.</p><p>Description. Animal small, oval, moderately elevated. Color of tegmentum creamy white with dark brownish maculation or flecks on lateropleural areas; jugum pale greenish gray. Girdle light brown with translucent prominent sutural tufts which are surrounded by greenish fine spicules.</p><p>Head valve semicircular, posterior margin almost straight; anterior slope slightly convex; no radial ribs. Intermediate valves fan-shaped, moderately elevated, beaked; front margin gently rounded; hind margin concave at both sides of beak; jugum narrow wedge-shape, smooth, wavy on both sides; lateral areas hardly separable. Tail valve roughly semicircular, with central, moderately elevated mucro; width of tegmentum slightly wider than half width of valve IV; posterior slope almost straight.</p><p>Pustules on tegmentum rather sparsely distributed, randomly arranged except for jugum. Each pustule flat or slightly concave at top with single macraesthete pore near center, accompanied with 2–4 micraesthete pores. No micraesthete pores on tegmental plain.</p><p>Articulamentum rather thin, translucent throughout, with transverse callus in middle of valves, a few pores under anterior margin of jugum. Apophyses well projecting forward, round, widely separated each other in intermediate valves; anterior margins concave in tail valve. Insertion plate short with short slits. Slit formula 5/1/2.</p><p>Girdle rather wide, ca. 0.7 mm near valve V (width 2.0 mm) in studied specimen (BL 5 mm). Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute, 30 µm x 10 µm, flat, finely ribbed spicules intermingling with much longer, up to 230 µm x 17 µm sharply pointed needles, which are curved near base, sculptured with fine, sharp ridges throughout entire length. Sutural tufts prominent with about 20 needles, which are thick, curved, sharply pointed, smooth, up to 1000 µm x 40 µm, surrounded by flat, sharply pointed, smooth spicules, up to 220 µm x 15 µm. Marginal needles similar to those of sutural tufts, but smaller, up to 262 µm x 38 µm. Ventral spicules small, flat, blunt at tip, 27–71 µm x 14–15 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve V, composed of 10 ctenidia on each side in studied specimen (BL 5 mm).</p><p>Radula 1.6 mm long with 32 transverse rows of mature teeth in studied specimen (BL 5 mm). Central tooth elongate tulip-shaped with weakly bilobed blade, keeled at basal half. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thickened antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid head; cusps rather thin, sharply pointed. Major uncinus tooth with rather wide blade.</p><p>Distribution. Con Son Archipelago, Gulf of Thailand, southern Vietnam, 0.5– 15 m.</p><p>Remarks. The present species differs from all other Indo-West Pacific Acanthochitona species by having a very narrow jugum and strongly curved spicules on the perinotum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD4DFF93FF1036BDFC49D3FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD73FF94FF10310EFE11D63A.text	2C2987BBDD73FF94FF10310EFE11D63A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthochitona lanae Sirenko & Saito 2017	<div><p>Acanthochitona lanae n. sp.</p><p>Figs 30–32, 44 D</p><p>Acanthochitona sp. Sirenko 2012: 98, pl. 14B, fig. 33.</p><p>Type material: Holotype, ZISP 2233, now disarticulated consisting of mounts of shell, perinotum and radula, 30 paratypes, ZISP 2234, BL 2–13 mm and 1 paratype, NSMT-Mo 78924, BL 5 mm.</p><p>Type locality. Near Da Nang, central Vietnam, 16°11.802´N, 108°10.593´E, intertidal, on barnacles.</p><p>Etymology. After the first author’s colleague Dr. Chan Than Lan who organized and led our field trip and was always thinking of the members of expeditions like her own children.</p><p>Material examined. Northern Vietnam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.096664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.767366" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.096664/lat 20.767366)">Gulf of Tongking</a>, Cat Ba Id., 20°46.042´N, 107°05.800´E, intertidal– 1.5 m, rocks, 2 spms, BL 6–8 mm, 30.04.2012, leg. B. Sirenko ; 20°44.497´N, 107°04.098´E, 5–6 m, SCUBA, on shells of Pinna sp. or Isognomon sp., 1 spm, BL 7 mm, 0 1.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko; 20°44.497´N, 107°04.098´E, 2 m, SCUBA, on red crustose calcareous algae, 2 spms, BL 5–6 mm, 0 1.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko; 20°47.090´N, 107°06.103´E, 1–1.5 m, SCUBA, on shells of bivalve, 1 spm, BL 3 mm, 0 1.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko; 20°45.445´N, 107°04.693´E, 0.5–1 m, SCUBA, on shells of bivalves with red crustose calcareous algae, 4 spms, BL 6–7 mm, 0 3.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko; 20°43.675´N, 107°03.373´E, intertidal, under stones, 5 spms, BL 5–6 mm, 10.05.2014, leg. B. Sirenko. Central Vietnam, near Da Nang, 16°11.802´N, 108°10.593´E, intertidal, on barnacles, 32 spm: holotype, BL 8 mm and 31 paratypes, BL 2–13 mm, 16.05.2012, leg. O. Savinkin; 16°09.332´N, 108°15.057´E, 7–8 m, SCUBA, on shells with barnacles, 1 spm, BL 5.5 mm, 19.05.2012, leg. O. Savinkin and E. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.25095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.155533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.25095/lat 16.155533)">Mekhova</a>; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.20175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.210966" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.20175/lat 16.210966)">Son Cha Id.</a>, 16°12.658´N, 108°12.105´E, 2–3 m, SCUBA, on small barnacles, 2 spm, BL 3–8 mm, 20.05.2012, leg. O. Savinkin ; 16°12.887´N, 108°11.906´E, 0–1 m, on barnacles, 1 spm, BL 14 mm, 16.04.2013, leg. B. Sirenko;16 °12.779´N, 108°11.938´E, 0–1 m, on barnacles, 2 spms, BL 6–7 mm, 19.04.2013, leg. B. Sirenko; 16 °12.649´N, 108°11.633´E, 0–1 m, on barnacles, 12 spms, BL 6–9 mm, 20.04.2013, leg. B. Sirenko; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.914505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.383307" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.914505/lat 19.383307)">Me Id.</a>, 19°22´59.9´´N, 105°54´52.2´´E, 6–10 m, SCUBA, on shells and stones, 1 intermediate valve, 14.04.2014, leg. O. Savinkin ; 19°23´02.8´´N, 105°55´36.7´´E, 4 m, SCUBA, on shells of Pinna sp., 13 spms, BL 4–7 mm, 14.04.2014, leg. P. Dgebuadze; 19°21´42.7´´N, 107°19´19.7´´E, 6 m, SCUBA, on barnacles, 1 spm, BL 11 mm, 16.04.2014, leg. S. Grebelny; 19°19´11.7´´N, 105°54´30.3´´E, 2 m, SCUBA, on barnacles and oysters, 9 spms, BL 3–9 mm, 17.04.2014, leg. S. Grebelny; Son Duong Id., 18°06´23.6´´N, 106°27´35.7´´E, 1–3 m, SCUBA, on barnacles, 14 spms, BL 8–12 mm, 21.04.2014, leg. S. Grebelny. Southern Vietnam, near Dat Id., 13°41.410´N, 109°13.577´E, intertidal, on oysters, 6 spms, BL 2–4 mm, 25.04.2013, leg B. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.22628&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.690166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.22628/lat 13.690166)">Sirenko</a>; 13°41.037´N, 109°15.193´E, intertidal, on oysters, 2 spms, BL 3–7 mm, 28.04.2013, leg B. Sirenko.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small chitons with rather wide, low intermediate valves. Jugum of longitudinal rows of fused pustules. Tail valve small, semicircular, with central, low mucro. Pustules on lateropleural areas droplet-shaped or roughly diamond-shaped, quincuncially arranged; top of pustule flat, with single macraesthete pore, 0–2 micraesthete pores around macraesthete pore and 0–2 micraesthete pores on pre-pustular slope. No micraesthete pores on tegmental plain. Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute spicules which have rather strong riblets near the tip. Sutural tufts prominent, of thick, slightly curved, smooth needles.</p><p>Description. Animal small, elongate oval, low in profile. Color of tegmentum light green with brownish maculation or flecks on lateral and pleural areas; jugum white on midline bound with brown streaks at both sides. Girdle light brown with dark brownish bands around terminal valves and at sides of intermediate valves.</p><p>Head valve semicircular, posterior margin nearly straight; anterior slope slightly convex; no radial ribs. Intermediate valves rather wide, roughly rectangular, low, round-backed, beaked; front margin almost straight; hind margin slightly concave at both sides of beak; jugum wedge-shape, comprising of longitudinal rows of fused pustules; lateral areas slightly raised. Tail valve oval, with central, low mucro; width of tegmentum equal or less than half width of valve IV; posterior slope slightly convex.</p><p>Pustules on tegmentum rather densely distributed, arranged in quincunx order on all areas except for jugum. Each pustule flat or slightly concave at top with single macraesthete pore located slightly off centre towards prepustular slope, 0–2 micraesthete pores around macraesthete pore and 0–2 micraesthete pores on prepustular slope. No micraesthete pores on tegmental plain.</p><p>Articulamentum rather thin, white throughout except two small light brown spots on jugal part of intermediate valves, with transverse callus in middle of valves, porous under jugum: pores arranged in 10–12 longitudinal rows which are corresponding to longitudinal rows of fused pustules on the jugum. Apophyses well projecting forward, round, widely separated from each other in intermediate valves, truncated in tail valve. Insertion plate short with short, narrow slits. Slit formula 5/1/2.</p><p>Girdle rather wide, about 1.2 mm near valve V (width 2.7 mm), smooth in appearance. Dorsal side of girdle covered with minute spicules, 28–40 µm x 10–15 µm, somewhat flattened, with strong riblets at tip. Sutural tufts prominent, of up to 13 thick, sharply pointed, smooth or finely striate needles, which are up to 540 µm x 15 µm, surrounded by slenderer, sharply pointed, smooth spicules. Marginal needles lanceolate, depressed, up to 262 µm x 38 µm, smooth or finely ribbed. Ventral spicules small, 30–80 µm x 10–12 µm, flat, smooth, blunt at tip.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve IV, composed of 15 ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 2.3 mm long, with 29 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth with wide, almost straight cusp at top and keel at basal half. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thick nodulous antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid head; central cusp longest; cusps pointed, somewhat flattened near tips.</p><p>Distribution. Northern to southern Vietnam, from 20°47.090´N to 13 °41.037´N, intertidal– 7 m.</p><p>Remarks. This species differs from other Acanthochitona in the Indo-West Pacific area by the wide, rectangular intermediate valves which are sculptured with irregular rows of longitudinally fused pustules on the jugum, single macraesthete pore on each pustule top and the perinotum which is uniformly covered with minute, somewhat flattened spicules.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD73FF94FF10310EFE11D63A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD74FF9AFF10354DFCBAD384.text	2C2987BBDD74FF9AFF10354DFCBAD384.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthochitona nigra Sirenko & Saito 2017	<div><p>Acanthochitona nigra n. sp.</p><p>Figs 33–35</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ZISP 2230, now disarticulated consisting of mounts of shells, perinotum and radula.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.102776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.785833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.102776/lat 20.785833)">Cat Ba Island</a>, Gulf of Tongking, northern Vietnam, 20°47´09´´N, 107°06´10´´E, 1–1.5 m.</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the dark tegmentum.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.102776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.785833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.102776/lat 20.785833)">Material</a> examined. Northern Vietnam, Gulf of Tongking, Cat Ba Id., 20°47´09´´N, 107°06´10´´E, 1–1.5 m, SCUBA, sand, stones, on bivalve shell, holotype, BL 5 mm, 0 1.05.2012, leg B. Sirenko.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small chitons with beaked, low intermediate valves. Jugum wide wedge-shaped, smooth on surface. Tail valve small, oval, with central, low mucro. Pustules on tegmentum droplet-shaped or round, quincuncially arranged; top of pustule flat, with single macraesthete pore and 7–8 micraesthete pores. No micraesthete pores on tegmental plain. Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute, somewhat flattened spicules which are sculptured with fine riblets near pointed tip. Sutural tufts prominent, of thick, slightly curved, smooth needles.</p><p>Description. Animal small, elongate oval, low in profile. Color of tegmentum dark brown with brownish maculation. Girdle dark brown or almost black, with white sutural tufts.</p><p>Head valve more than semicircular, posterior margin almost straight; anterior slope slightly convex; without radial ribs. Intermediate valves rather wide, roughly rectangular or wide trapezoidal, low, beaked; front margin concave; hind margin slightly concave at both sides of beak; jugum wide wedge-shaped, smooth; lateral areas hardly separable from pleural areas. Tail valve oval, with central, low mucro; width of tegmentum more than half width of valve IV; posterior slope slightly concave.</p><p>Pustules on tegmentum densely distributed, arranged in quincunx order on all areas except for jugum. Each pustule flat at top with single macraesthete pore and 7–8 micraesthete pores. No micraesthete pores on tegmental plain.</p><p>Articulamentum translucent, with transverse callus in middle of valves, several small pores under anterior margin of jugum. Apophyses well projecting forward, triangular, widely separated from each other in intermediate valves, truncated in tail valve. Insertion plate short with short, narrow slits. Slit formula 5/1/2.</p><p>Girdle rather narrow. Dorsal side of girdle covered with minute, 22–33 µm x 8–10 µm, somewhat flattened, finely ribbed near pointed tip. Sutural tufts prominent, of up to 10 thick, sharply pointed, smooth needles, measuring up to 500 µm x 20 µm, surrounded by much shorter, thin, sharply pointed, smooth needles. Girdle margin of smooth needles similar to those of sutural tufts, up to 100 µm x 18 µm and lanceolate, flat finely ribbed spicules, up to 100 µm x 27 µm. Ventral spicules small, 22–51 µm x 11–18 µm, flat, blunt at tip.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve IV, composed of 10 ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 1.6 mm long, with 31 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth tulip-shaped, with almost straight blade at top and keel at basal half. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thick nodulous antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid head; cusps of almost equal length, weakly pointed, somewhat flattened near tips. Distribution. Known only from the type locality</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles Acanthochitona savinkini Sirenko, 2012 by the sculpture of the shells and the dorsal side of the girdle which is uniformly covered with minute short spicules, but differs by having fewer micraesthete pores (7–8 in the former, more than 20 in the latter) and the lack of very fine fibrous or 'asbestoid' (Pilsbry, 1893: 18; Iredale &amp; Hull, 1927: 71) silvery sutural tufts.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD74FF9AFF10354DFCBAD384	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD7AFF9EFF1030D4FF13D3EF.text	2C2987BBDD7AFF9EFF1030D4FF13D3EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthochitona ostreaphila Sirenko & Saito 2017	<div><p>Acanthochitona ostreaphila n. sp.</p><p>Figs 36–38, 44 E, F</p><p>Type material. Holotype, ZISP 2231, now disarticulated consisting of mounts of shell, perinotum and radula and 4 paratypes: 3 spms, ZISP 2232; 1 spm, NSMT-Mo 78925.</p><p>Type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.05621&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.727917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.05621/lat 20.727917)">Cat Ba Island</a>, Gulf of Tongking, northern Vietnam, 20°43.675´N, 107°03.373´E, intertidal, on stones.</p><p>Etymology. Named ostrea = oyster, phil = like, because most of the specimens were found on the shells of oysters.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.1036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.722984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.1036/lat 20.722984)">Material</a> examined. Northern Vietnam, Gulf of Tongking, Cat Ba Id., 20°43.379´N, 107°06.216´E, 3–5 m, SCUBA, sand, stones, on shell of Isognomon sp., 1 spm, BL 6 mm, 0 4.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko ; 20°46.310´N, 107°07.700´E, 0.5 m, on oysters, 1 paratype (NSMT) and 3 spms, BL 3–8 mm, 0 4.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko; 20°43.675´N, 107°03.373´E, intertidal, on stones, holotype, BL 5 mm, 0 8.05.2012, leg. B. Sirenko; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.55984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.035833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.55984/lat 21.035833)">Van Don</a>, 21°02´09´´N, 107°33´35.4´´E, intertidal, on shells of oysters, 3 spms, BL 4–5.5 mm, 0 3.04.2014, leg. B. Sirenko ; 20°52´3.9´´N, 107°19´16.4´´E, intertidal, on shells of oysters, 2 spms, BL 4–4.5 mm, 0 4.04.2014, leg. B. Sirenko; 20°54´N, 107°22´E, intertidal, on shells of oysters, 5 spms, BL 3–7 mm, 0 5.04.2014, leg. B. Sirenko; 21°04´46.3´´N, 107°34´18´´E, intertidal, on shells of oysters, 2 spms, BL 6–7 mm, 0 6.04.2014, leg. B. Sirenko; 20°53´58.6´´N, 107°19´39.4´´E, intertidal, on shells of oysters, 2 spms, BL 3–4 mm, 0 7.04.2014, leg. B. Sirenko. Southern Vietnam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.21893&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.40015" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.21893/lat 13.40015)">Phu Vin</a>, 13°24.009´N, 109°13.136´E, 0 m, under stones, 7 spms, BL 5–8 mm, 0 1.05.2013, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.219635&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.201633" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.219635/lat 12.201633)">Nha Trang Bay</a>, Tre Id., Dambay Inlet, 12°12.098´N, 109°13.178´E, intertidal, on oysters that inhabited mangrove Rhizophora sp., 3 paratypes, BL 8–12 mm, 0 5.06.2012, leg. B. Sirenko ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.40857&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.671133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.40857/lat 12.671133)">Gom Id.</a>, 12°40.268´N, 109°24.514´E, 0–0.5 m, on bivalve shells inhabited stones, 8 spms, BL 3–5 mm, 0 2.05.2013, leg. B. Sirenko.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small chitons with wide, low intermediate valves. Jugum granulose, wide wedge-shaped. Tail valve oval with central, low mucro. Pustules on tegmentum sparsely arranged; top of pustule slightly convex, with single macraesthete pore and 6–10 micraesthete pores. Micraesthete pores present also on tegmental plain. Dorsal side of girdle uniformly beset with minute, short, smooth, blunt tip spicules. Sutural tufts small, of very fine fiburous or “asbestoid” spicules, intermingling with some thicker needles.</p><p>Description. Animal small, elongate oval, low in profile. Color of tegmentum light brown with patches of brown, dark brown and greenish brown on lateral and pleural areas, rose pink on jugum. Girdle light brown with regular bands of dark olive green; base of sutural tufts yellow.</p><p>Head valve semicircular, posterior margin widely V-shaped; anterior slope nearly straight; without radial ribs. Intermediate valves wide, roughly rectangular, low, subcarinate, beaked; front margin slightly sinuate between apophyses; hind margin slightly concave at both sides of beak; jugum wide wedge-shaped, which comprises of fused pustules; lateral areas slightly raised. Tail valve oval, with central, low mucro; width of tegmentum ca. 75% of that of head valve; posterior slope nearly straight.</p><p>Pustules on tegmentum sparsely distributed, arranged in quincunx order on head valve, lateral areas of intermediate valves and posterior area of tail valve, in weakly curved, converging rows in pleural areas. Each pustule slightly convex at top with single macraesthete pore and 6–10 micraesthete pores. Micraesthete pores present also on tegmental plain.</p><p>Articulamentum moderately developed, translucent, with transverse callus in middle of valves, porous under jugum. Apophyses well projecting forward, triangular, widely separated from each other in intermediate valves, truncate in tail valve. Insertion plates short with short, narrow slits; insertion plate of tail valve between slits very short. Slit formula 5/1/2.</p><p>Girdle rather wide, ca. 0.9 mm near valve V. Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute spicules, 43–48 µm x 12– 13 µm, smooth, blunt at tip. Sutural tufts of up to ten thick needles, up to 248 µm x 12 µm, surrounded by very finefibrous spicules, up to 215 µm x 3 µm. Marginal needles lanceolate, flat, smooth, up to 250 µm x 11 µm. Ventral spicules similar to marginal spicules but shorter, occasionally wider, 65–88 µm x 16 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from valve VII to valve IV, composed of 11 ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 1.7 mm long, with 29 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth elongate tulip-shaped, with thick semicircular blade and keel at basal half. First lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thickened antero-dorsal corner. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid head; cusps pointed, somewhat flattened near tips; central cusp longer than others. Major uncinal tooth with comb-like blade.</p><p>Distribution. Northern to southern Vietnam from 21°02.15´N to 12°12.098´N, intertidal– 3 m.</p><p>Remarks. The present species has a comb-like blade in the major uncinal tooth of the radula. Together with the similar tooth of Leptoplax tongkingi n. sp. described above, this is the first report of this feature in the family Acanthochitonidae (see Remarks to L. tongkingi).</p><p>This small species resembles Acanthochitona saitoi Sirenko, 2012 and Acanthochitona savinkini Sirenko, 2012 described from Vietnamese waters by having very fine fibrous or “asbestoid” spicules on the sutural tufts and minute dorsal girdle spicules which gives smooth appearance to the girdle, but the present species differs from those two species by the wide, rectangular intermediate valves with sparsely arranged pustules on the tegmentum, by having fewer micraesthete pores on the pustules, a narrower girdle, and a comb-like blade of the major uncinus tooth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD7AFF9EFF1030D4FF13D3EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD7EFF9FFF103170FC31D4A7.text	2C2987BBDD7EFF9FFF103170FC31D4A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoplax de Blainville 1818	<div><p>Genus Cryptoplax de Blainville, 1818</p><p>Type species. Chiton larvaeformis de Blainville MS, Burrow, 1815, by subsequent designation (Gray 1821).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium to large, vermiform chitons. Valves greatly reduced, often separated from each other in valves V to VIII. Tegmentum small, with usually well defined, narrow jugum; lateral and pleural areas hardly separable. Articulamentum small; sutural laminae convex in antero-lateral edge in tail valve; insertion plates usually large on head valve, short on other valves; slit formula 3/0/0. Girdle fleshy, densely spiculose; sutural tufts always present, but not prominent. Radula teeth arranged symmetrically; central tooth symmetrical (rarely asymmetrical), small, thick, concave in the distal half, keeled near base; first lateral (centro-lateral) tooth with thickened, nodulous antero-dorsal corner; major lateral tooth with tricuspid head which denticles are short and nearly equal in length (radula characters: after Saito 2004 with modification).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD7EFF9FFF103170FC31D4A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
2C2987BBDD7CFF82FF103345FF3CD2C9.text	2C2987BBDD7CFF82FF103345FF3CD2C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptoplax burrowi (E. A. Smith 1884) E. A. Smith 1884	<div><p>Cryptoplax burrowi (E. A. Smith, 1884)</p><p>Figs 39–42, 44 G</p><p>Chiton (Chitonellus) burrowi E. A. Smith 1884: 85 .</p><p>Cryptoplax burrowi: Sykes 1907: 33; Iredale &amp; Hull 1927: 96, pl. 11, figs13, 31, 32; Leloup 1940b: 15, fig. 5, pl. 3, fig. 3; Kaas 1979: 877; Kaas &amp; Van Belle 1980: 20; 1998: 36; Kaas et al. 1998: 189; Slieker 2000: 54, pl. 15, fig. 11; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 46; Schwabe 2005: 54, pl. 2, fig. 12; Burghardt et al. 2006: 30; Strack 2003: 15; Dell’Angelo et al. 2010: 26, figs 11A–L, 12R–X, 13O–R, 14B–C.</p><p>Type material. Syntypes, BMNH 1881.11.1.100 (1 spm) and BMNH 1992053 (4 spms).</p><p>Type locality. Port Molle, northern Queensland, Australia.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.85/lat 15.5)">Material</a> examined. South China Sea, Macclesfield Bank, 15°30´N, 114 º 51´E, 21 m, 1 spm, BL 29 mm, 1982, leg. V. Mjasnikov.</p><p>Description. Animal medium in size, vermicular. Anterior four valves in contact, remaining valves separated from each other. Valves V and VI apparently smaller than other valves. Color of tegmentum light brown in valve I, brownish orange in remaining valves. Girdle light brown with irregular patches of brown, light greenish gray and white.</p><p>Head valve bell-shaped, slightly longer than wide, wider than other valves; anterior slope convex. Intermediate valves small, oblong; valves V and VI apparently smaller than other valves. Jugum narrow wedge-shaped in valves II and III, very narrow, almost parallel-sided in valves IV–VIII. Tail valve with low mucro at posterior end. Tegmentum sculptured with pustules which are irregularly fused with each other peripherally in head valve, with 3–4 ribs which are slightly radiating from the apex in remaining valves; interspaces between ribs narrow. Jugum and ribs on lateropleural area convex at top. Macraesthete pores rather sparsely distributed, quincuncially arranged on jugum, also sparsely distributed along midline on ribs of lateropleural area.</p><p>Articulamentum thick, yellow in apophyses and light-brown in middle part of valves. Apophyses narrow, moderately projected anteriorly in valves II–VI, rather short in valves VII and VIII. Insertion plate moderate in length; posterior end of insertion plate only slightly expanded posteriorly in valve VIII. Slits rather wide and short. Slit formula 3/0/0.</p><p>Girdle moderate in width. Dorsal side of girdle beset with minute slightly curved, strongly grooved, clubshaped spicules, up to 77 µm x 26 µm, intermingling with large flattened, finely grooved spicules, attaining 233 µm x 68 µm and slender, parallel sided, finely grooved needles. Sutural tufts of up to 5 slightly curved, smooth blunt tipped needles, up to 610 µm x 45 µm. Marginal needles similar to those of sutural tufts, but often with several fine grooves, up to 418 µm x 22 µm. Ventral spicules flat, with 5–7 strong ribs on both surface, measuring 75–84 µm x 12–18 µm.</p><p>Gills extending from beginning of valve VIII to valve VII, composed of 10 ctenidia on each side.</p><p>Radula 4.6 mm long with 24 transverse rows of mature teeth. Central tooth small, deeply concave at upper half which is wider than the basal half, bluntly pointed at blade, strongly keeled near the base. First lateral (centrolateral) tooth with nodulous antero-dorsal corner and notch underneath nodulous portion. Major lateral tooth with tricuspid cup; denticles blunt at tip and about equal length.</p><p>Distribution. Queensland, Australia; Sulawesi, Lombok, Damar and Banda Islands, Indonesia; Sulu Archipelago, Philippines; Macclesfield Bank, South China Sea; Christmas Island; Wassin Island, Kenya, East Africa and Maldive Islands.</p><p>Remarks. The present species is characterized by the small valves V–VII which are distinctly smaller than other valves, the large flattened, finely grooved dorsal girdle spicules and the curved, finely grooved marginal spicules. The greenish coloration of the perinotum, which was described in the original description (E. A. Smith 1884), appears to be another characteristic feature of this species, but we need to examine more specimens to confirm it. This is the second record of the species on Macclesfield Bank. The first was mentioned in Leloup (1940b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C2987BBDD7CFF82FF103345FF3CD2C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sirenko, Boris I.;Saito, Hiroshi	Sirenko, Boris I., Saito, Hiroshi (2017): New species of chitons of the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from Vietnamese waters. Zootaxa 4299 (4): 451-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4299.4.1
