taxonID	type	description	language	source
2C0AAE23327C303BFF0DF8C3FAADFD45.taxon	description	The genus Trechosia was primarily erected for Trechus solutilis Péringuey. The genus currently comprises nine species from southern Africa and a single species, T. aberdarensis Jeannel, from the Kenyan Abardares Highlands. The genus Trechosia is well characterized by the particular elytral striation pattern as well as by the formation of the aedeagus. The three inner elytral striae are deeply impressed while the outer elytral striae are almost totally effaced. The 3 rd elytral stria characteristically begins at the anterior discal setiferous puncture and strongly bends inwards towards the apex. The internal sack of the aedeagus is armed by a single large copulatory piece or even is unarmed as in T. atterima (Péringuey). The genus Trechosia was divided into two species groups by the position of the posterior discal setiferous puncture (Jeannel 1960, 1964). The posterior discal setiferous puncture is positioned in the third elytral stria in the T. monticola group, while in the T. solutilis group it is positioned in the third interstria. The genus Cothresia was erected by Jeannel for four species from South Africa (Jeannel 1964) and currently also includes five additional species from Ethiopia (Basilewsky, 1974). Jeannel in his original description already noted that the genus comprises a disparate group of species. After examination of the type material of all species of the group I can confirm this observation. The genus clearly has to be revised in order to represent a monophyletic group. The type species of the genus, C. curta is characterized by a deeply impressed recurrent sutural stria ending abruptly within the apical quarter of elytra not merging into the 5 th elytral stria which is totally effaced. The recurrent sutural stria is much longer and deeper impressed than in Trechosia. The aedeagus of C. curta is reminiscent to the genus Pachydesus. It differs from Trechosia by the more truncated shape as well as by the complex, highly modified internal structures of the internal sack.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE23327D303BFF0DFCFDFEACF939.taxon	description	As all these characteristics (elytral striation, copulatory pieces of internal sack, elytral microsculpture) are known to vary largely among some members of the subfamily Trechinae I currently refrain from erecting a new genus or subgenus for these species. Instead, all three species are put into a new species group in order to indicate their suspected close relationship. All three species of the T. intermedia group are geographically restricted to the Cape region of South Africa within the limits of the Cape Floral Kingdom. They are currently only known from their type localities. However, their distribution probably is not strictly localized as all three species are macropterous and show no sign of adaptation to an endogeic life style. The type locations of T. intermedia and T. kogelbergensis suggest that these species require a high degree of humidity. Thus in their ecological requirements they probably resemble the other known species of the genus Trechosia, which all are macropterous and frequently found near open water.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE23327D3039FF0DF92BFD2AFF10.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small Trechosia species, well differentiated from all other species of the genus by the elytral striation pattern, the elytral microsculpture, and the internal armature of the aedeagus. Elytral striae 1 – 3 not deepened, striae 5 – 7 still well discernible, only outer striae slightly effaced towards elytral borders. Internal sack of the aedeagus armed with a series of prominent spines. Penultimate and antepenultimate spines enlarged enormously. Antepenultimate spine longer than parameres without setae.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE23327D3039FF0DF92BFD2AFF10.taxon	description	Description. Length (measured from apex of elytra to anterior edge of labrum) 4.3 mm, whole body shiny, elytra reddish brown, pronotum and head darker brown, legs yellow, antennae rufescent (Fig. 1 A). Head with large, glabrous, moderately protruding eyes, short temples (less than 1 / 3 rd of diameter of eyes); temporal tumescence weakly developed, moderately convex and only slightly protruding. Two supraorbital punctures with seta present, anterior one situated at level of centre of eyes, posterior one near posterior edge of orbital tumescence. Frons with moderately deep, not canaliculated frontal furrows which converge inwards in basal half, diverge thereafter towards anterior edge of clypeus where frontal furrows become obsolete before each ending in a large terminal bisetous fovea. Labrum oblong, much wider than long, anterior edge concave, bearing two long lateral and two short medial setae. Antennae reaching anterior seta on elytral disc; all antennomeres longer than broad, scape with 2 medially, 2 laterally and 1 dorsally projecting setae, antennomeres 2 – 4 with numerous setae, antennomeres 5 – 11 densely pubescent. Mentum transverse, mentum tooth bifid. Suture between mentum and submentum distinct and entire. Mentum posterior central recessus with two long anteriad projecting setae. Tip of ligula broadly rounded, each side with 1 long and 1 short central and 2 short lateral setae (Fig. 1 C). Penultimate palpomere of palps club-shaped, distally dilated, terminal palpomere cone-shaped in maxillary palps, spindle-shaped in labial palps, as long as penultimate palpomere in maxillary and labial palps. Penultimate palpomere of labial palps with 4 setae, two of them projecting from medial surface of palpomere. Pronotum transverse (length 0.8 mm, width 1.1 mm, length / width ratio 0.8). Lateral convexity of borders towards base without sinuosity, ending well before posterior angles. Hind angles sharply rectangular, protruding. Short carina reaching lateral border of pronotum shortly before hind angle. Posterior edge of pronotum slightly convex. Pronotum on each side with large basal impressions, small central basal impression at beginning of mid line. Elytra moderately elongated (length 2.5 mm, width 1.6 mm, length / width ratio 1.5), shoulders well developed. Scutellar stria well marked, parallel to suture, ending at level of anterior discal setiferous puncture. Elytral striae 1 – 4 well marked on disc, striae 1 – 3 effacing between anterior setiferous puncture and elytral base, striae 5 – 7 more effaced but still clearly discernible. Recurrent sutural stria more impressed at the apex, effacing thereafter, merging with the 5 th elytral stria. Third stria with two setiferous foveate punctures. Setiferous punctures of series umbilicata regular with last 2 punctures moved towards apex. Anterior seta of apical group at end of vestigial 2 nd stria, posterior setae of apical group smaller at apical border of elytra. Microsculpture of elytra isodiametric to moderately transverse, identical in 1 st (sutural) and 2 nd intervals, length / width ratio of mesh approximately 1: 1 to 2: 1 (Fig. 1 B). Macropterous. Legs slender, cleaning organ well developed. Apical spur of protarsus as long as 1 st tarsomere. Proximal two tarsomeres of protarsi of male medially enlarged with an anteriad projecting dent. Aedeagus length (dorsal view) 1.0 mm (Fig. 1 D). Apex of median lobe elongated, tip of median lobe thickened. Internal sack with series of well sclerotized dents, antepenultimate and penultimate dents enormously enlarged, protruding from apical orifice. Antepenultimate spine longer than styles (without apical setae). Styles broadly rounded apically, each bearing five long setae at apex.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE23327D3039FF0DF92BFD2AFF10.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin adjective “ intermedia ”, intermediate.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE23327D3039FF0DF92BFD2AFF10.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male: S. Africa, Cape-Cedarbg., jeep track, 1130 m [a. s. l.], sifted marsh shore, 32 ° 28 ’ S / 19 ° 14 ’ E, 7.11.1983, E-Y: 2055, leg. Endrödy-Younga [deposited in Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, South Africa (TMSA)]. Paratypes: S. Africa, Cape-Cedarbg., jeep track, 1130 m [a. s. l.], sifted marsh shore, 32 ° 28 ’ S / 19 ° 14 ’ E, 7.11.1983, E-Y: 2055, leg. Endrödy-Younga, [5 specimens in TMSA, 2 specimens in coll. Geginat]; Cape Prov.: Clanwilliam distr., Sederberg, 1500 m [a. s. l.], VII 1958, leg. J. Smith [6 specimens in Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgium (MRAC), 2 specimens in coll. Geginat].	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE23327D3039FF0DF92BFD2AFF10.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trechosia intermedia is only known from the Cedarberg range south-east of Clanwilliam, Western Cape Province. Despite the fact that during most of the year the climate of the Cedarberg is generally quite arid there is a permanent bog at an altitude of around 1000 m which is crossed by the road connecting the Algeria and Sanddrif campsites. This place probably is the type location of T. intermedia. My visit to this place in 2002 did not reveal any Plocamotrechini.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE233278303FFF0DFF51FC0CFC96.taxon	description	Description. Similar to T. intermedia from which it differs as follows: Length (measured from apex of elytra to anterior edge of labrum) 3.3 mm. Colour of body and appendages similar to T. intermedia but antennal scape dark yellow, antennomeres yellowish brown with bases lighter yellow (Fig. 2 A). Eyes more protruding than in T. intermedia. Pronotum more transverse (length 0.6, width 0.9 mm, length / width ratio 0.6). Elytra as in T. intermedia moderately elongated (length 2.0 mm, width 1.4 mm, length / width ratio 1.4). Scutellar stria shorter, ending well before level of anterior discal setiferous puncture, elytral stria 7 totally effaced. Microsculpture on elytra more transverse, more transverse in 1 st (sutural) than in 2 nd elytral interval, length / width ratio of mesh in sutural interval approximately 5: 1 to 10: 1 (Fig. 2 B). Macropterous. Aedeagus smaller, length (dorsal view) 0.68 mm (Fig. 2 C). Apex of median lobe with thickened tip but not elongated. Antepenultimate and penultimate spines of internal sac enlarged, protruding from apical orifice, but antepenultimate spine shorter than parameres (without apical setae). Apex of styles moderately tapered, each with 5 long apical setae.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE233278303FFF0DFF51FC0CFC96.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin adjective “ kogelbergensis ”, inhabitant of the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, South Africa.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE233278303FFF0DFF51FC0CFC96.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male: South Africa, Western Cape, Kogelberg NR, Oudebos, leg. Geginat 1.12.2002, S 34 ° 20 ’ E 19 ° 01 ’, 100 m [a. s. l.] forest, sifted leaf litter [deposited in South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa (SAMC)].	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE233278303FFF0DFF51FC0CFC96.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The type locality of T. kogelbergensis is situated within the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve near Kleinmond approximately 40 km east of Cape Town. The single known specimen of T. kogelbergensis was sifted together with numerous specimens of Trechosia monticola from very humid leaf litter at the shores of a small creek within the forest. The Oudebos is a relic forest of afromontane vegetation. Within the reserve these forest patches are confined to fire-resistant ravines and only occur on the more rapidly weathering upper shale band of the Table mountain geological group (Johns & Johns 2001).	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE233279303CFF0DFC54FC3CFF78.taxon	description	This species was originally described as Plocamotrechus humeralis (Jeannel 1930) but was later transferred by Jeannel (1964) into the genus Cothresia. I here repeat the characteristics of this species which fit well into the definition of the T. intermedia species group designated above. It shows much more similarity to T. intermedia than to C. curta the type species of the genus Cothresia and therefore is transferred to the genus Trechosia. The species is only known in the single female type specimen from the vicinity of Cape Town. Differential diagnosis. Size intermediate between T. intermedia and T. kogelbergensis. In contrast to T. intermedia and T. kogelbergensis apical end of the scutellar stria converging towards the elytral suture and striae 5 and 6 as well marked as the 4 th stria. Elytral microsculpture of the sutural interval slightly more transverse than in T. intermedia but much less transverse than in T. kogelbergensis. Description. Similar to T. intermedia from which it differs as follows: Length (measured from apex of elytra to anterior edge of labrum) 3.8 mm. Colour of body and appendages similar to T. intermedia but antennomeres brown, scape and bases of antennomeres 2 – 11 lighter reddish brown (Fig. 3 A). Pronotum: length 0.8 mm, width 1.0 mm, length / width ratio 0.8. Elytra: length 2.2 mm, width 1.6 mm, length / width ratio 1.4. Scutellar stria shorter, converging towards suture, ending well before level of anterior discal setiferous puncture. Striae 1 – 6 neatly impressed, well marked towards apex. Striae 1 – 3 effacing between base and anterior setiferous puncture, striae 4 – 6 not effacing towards base of elytra. Stria 7 partly effaced. Microsculpture of elytra in sutural interval slightly more transverse than in T. intermedia, slightly more transverse in 1 st (sutural) than in 2 nd interval, length / width ratio of mesh in sutural interval approximately 2: 1 (Fig. 3 B). Macropterous. Aedeagus unknown.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE233279303CFF0DFC54FC3CFF78.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype female: “ Cape Town, Dr. Purcell ” [the unique type specimen preserved in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN) was examined]	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
2C0AAE233279303CFF0DFC54FC3CFF78.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The precise type locality of T. humeralis is not known. Without citing a specified source Jeannel suggests that the type locality of T. humeralis is probably the forest area around Stellenbosch, 20 km east of Cape Town (Jeannel 1964). In its morphological characteristics (e. g. size, microsculpture) T. humeralis lies between T. kogelbergensis and T. intermedia. This intermediary position of T. humeralis correlates well with the type locality “ Cape Town ” of T. humeralis which is situated geographically between the Cedarberg 160 km north of Cape Town and the Kogelberg 40 km east of Cape Town.	en	Geginat, Gernot (2007): A new species group of the genus Trechosia from the Cape region of South Africa (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). Zootaxa 1469: 43-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176661
