taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
DF611DEA4B0C5ADCBF9C0F36646C9A2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469385	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure10	Figure 10. Holotype of Liurana kempii nov. comb. (ZSI 17013). A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C, D lateral view of head, E sketch of the same specimen “ Megalophrys kempii ” from Annandale’s (1912) original description. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 10. Holotype of Liurana kempii nov. comb. (ZSI 17013). A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C, D lateral view of head, E sketch of the same specimen “ Megalophrys kempii ” from Annandale’s (1912) original description. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D9FD2D4CC21A53D39EFC44A55031FA96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469382	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure7	Figure 7. “ Raorchestes sahai ” (= Nasutixalus jerdonii). A – C Holotype of “ R. sahai ” (ZSIA 8500). A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head; D – I paratype of “ R. sahai ” (ZSIA 8501). D Dorsal view, E ventral view, F lateral view of head, G ventral view of left hand, H ventral view of left foot; I – J vomerine teeth in paratype and holotype respectively. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 7. “ Raorchestes sahai ” (= Nasutixalus jerdonii). A – C Holotype of “ R. sahai ” (ZSIA 8500). A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head; D – I paratype of “ R. sahai ” (ZSIA 8501). D Dorsal view, E ventral view, F lateral view of head, G ventral view of left hand, H ventral view of left foot; I – J vomerine teeth in paratype and holotype respectively. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D9FD2D4CC21A53D39EFC44A55031FA96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469383	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure8	Figure 8. A ML tree inferred from 16 S mitochondrial gene. UFB values below 50 are not shown on tree. Scale bar represents substitution per site. Newly collected specimens of N. jerdonii from type locality of “ R. sahai ” Gandhigram, Arunachal Pradesh; B – E topotypic collection WII-ADA 1773 in preserved condition; F WII-ADA 1773 in life; G – H WII-ADA 1770 in preserved condition. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 8. A ML tree inferred from 16 S mitochondrial gene. UFB values below 50 are not shown on tree. Scale bar represents substitution per site. Newly collected specimens of N. jerdonii from type locality of “ R. sahai ” Gandhigram, Arunachal Pradesh; B – E topotypic collection WII-ADA 1773 in preserved condition; F WII-ADA 1773 in life; G – H WII-ADA 1770 in preserved condition. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
A8146DB7CEE15F44906811784E87F911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469384	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure9	Figure 9. Holotype of Nasutixalus microdiscus nov. comb. (ZSI 16924). A Dorsal view (photographed in 2012) showing concave dark stripes on dorsum (with black arrow), B dorsal view, C ventral view, D lateral view of head, E ventral view of head showing vomerine teeth indicated with black arrow (taken in 2024), Sketch of the same specimen from Annandale’s (1912) original description of “ Rhacophorus microdiscus ”. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 9. Holotype of Nasutixalus microdiscus nov. comb. (ZSI 16924). A Dorsal view (photographed in 2012) showing concave dark stripes on dorsum (with black arrow), B dorsal view, C ventral view, D lateral view of head, E ventral view of head showing vomerine teeth indicated with black arrow (taken in 2024), Sketch of the same specimen from Annandale’s (1912) original description of “ Rhacophorus microdiscus ”. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
A8146DB7CEE15F44906811784E87F911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469376	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure1	Figure 1. Map of northeast India showing distribution. A Type localities of previously described bush frog species from northeast India, Indochina and Indo-Burma; B sampling localities for bush frogs during this study between 2016 and 2024 (see Table S 1 for locality details). Political boundaries of neighbouring countries are marked with black lines and state boundaries within the political boundary of India are marked with grey lines.	Figure 1. Map of northeast India showing distribution. A Type localities of previously described bush frog species from northeast India, Indochina and Indo-Burma; B sampling localities for bush frogs during this study between 2016 and 2024 (see Table S 1 for locality details). Political boundaries of neighbouring countries are marked with black lines and state boundaries within the political boundary of India are marked with grey lines.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
A86505ABA5475E28B5030C4CDC0D4FB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469386	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure11	Figure 11. Holotype of Philautus dubius (BMNH 1947.2. 7.86). A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral side of head, D ventral view of right foot, E ventral view of left forelimb showing dermal fringe along forearm (with black arrow), F underside of upper jaw showing trace of vomerine ridge (with black arrow), G inner view of mouth showing papilla on tongue (with black arrow). Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 11. Holotype of Philautus dubius (BMNH 1947.2. 7.86). A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral side of head, D ventral view of right foot, E ventral view of left forelimb showing dermal fringe along forearm (with black arrow), F underside of upper jaw showing trace of vomerine ridge (with black arrow), G inner view of mouth showing papilla on tongue (with black arrow). Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
CDF4ACB6595E57559D8078C8ED226CE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469387	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure12	Figure 12. The original plate LXXVIII from Anderson (1878) where he depicted “ Ixalus kakhiensis ” and “ Ixalus tuberculatus ”.	Figure 12. The original plate LXXVIII from Anderson (1878) where he depicted “ Ixalus kakhiensis ” and “ Ixalus tuberculatus ”.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D074A3D36C6A597591D505A4786E0906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469420	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure45	Figure 45. Raorchestes annandalii (lectotype; BMNH 1947.2. 26.58). A Dorsal and B ventral view, C ventral aspect of hand, D ventral aspect of foot, E granular skin on abdomen. scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 45. Raorchestes annandalii (lectotype; BMNH 1947.2. 26.58). A Dorsal and B ventral view, C ventral aspect of hand, D ventral aspect of foot, E granular skin on abdomen. scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D074A3D36C6A597591D505A4786E0906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469421	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure46	Figure 46. Newly collected material of R. annandalii. A Dorsolateral and B ventral view of topotype (WII-ADA 2721) in life (inset image showing granular skin on abdomen). C WII-ADA 534 in life. D – G WII-ADA 520, D dorsal view immediately after euthanization (inset image showing fine granular skin on dorsum), E dorsal view, F lateral view of head, G ventral view. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos A – D by Naitik G. Patel.	Figure 46. Newly collected material of R. annandalii. A Dorsolateral and B ventral view of topotype (WII-ADA 2721) in life (inset image showing granular skin on abdomen). C WII-ADA 534 in life. D – G WII-ADA 520, D dorsal view immediately after euthanization (inset image showing fine granular skin on dorsum), E dorsal view, F lateral view of head, G ventral view. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos A – D by Naitik G. Patel.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D074A3D36C6A597591D505A4786E0906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D074A3D36C6A597591D505A4786E0906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D074A3D36C6A597591D505A4786E0906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469419	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure44	Figure 44. Habitats of Raorchestes mindat and R. annandalii A Landscape view of the hills at Fakim WLS and B landscape view at Darjeeling.	Figure 44. Habitats of Raorchestes mindat and R. annandalii A Landscape view of the hills at Fakim WLS and B landscape view at Darjeeling.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
3240A61F3D105F6EB49DFE52BB0D6BDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469416	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure41	Figure 41. Raorchestes arunachalensis sp. nov. A – C Holotype (WII-ADA 1553) in preserved condition, A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head. D – G WII-ADA 3203 in life from Namdapha TR, D lateral view, E ventral view, F groin, G posterior view of thigh. H Dorsolateral and I ventral view of WII-ADA 678 in life from Potin. J Dorsolateral view of holotype in life. K Paratype (WII-ADA 1554) in life. L Dorsolateral view of WII-ADA 1549 from Sessa in life. M Dorsolateral view of WII-ADA 1705 from Mehao WLS in life. Inset image showing dense tubercles on dorsum in A, distinct blunt tubercles in D, granular skin on abdomen in I. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 41. Raorchestes arunachalensis sp. nov. A – C Holotype (WII-ADA 1553) in preserved condition, A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head. D – G WII-ADA 3203 in life from Namdapha TR, D lateral view, E ventral view, F groin, G posterior view of thigh. H Dorsolateral and I ventral view of WII-ADA 678 in life from Potin. J Dorsolateral view of holotype in life. K Paratype (WII-ADA 1554) in life. L Dorsolateral view of WII-ADA 1549 from Sessa in life. M Dorsolateral view of WII-ADA 1705 from Mehao WLS in life. Inset image showing dense tubercles on dorsum in A, distinct blunt tubercles in D, granular skin on abdomen in I. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
3240A61F3D105F6EB49DFE52BB0D6BDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
3240A61F3D105F6EB49DFE52BB0D6BDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
3240A61F3D105F6EB49DFE52BB0D6BDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469415	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure40	Figure 40. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of two new species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 40. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of two new species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
3240A61F3D105F6EB49DFE52BB0D6BDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469400	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure25	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
3240A61F3D105F6EB49DFE52BB0D6BDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469408	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure33	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
A373B686842E50CBB75B51954909164B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469403	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure28	Figure 28. Raorchestes barakensis sp. nov. A – J Holotype (WII-ADA 612), A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head, D ventral view of right hand, E ventral view of left foot in preserved condition, F dorsolateral view, G dorsal view, H ventral view, I groin, J posterior view of thighs in life. K WII-ADA 942 in life. L WII-ADA 1335 in life. M WII-ADA 1050 in life. N WII-ADA 862 in life. O WII-ADA 1644 showing dorsal spinules. P WII-ADA 1340 in preserved condition. Q an uncollected calling male from the type locality Maruwacherra, Assam. R WII-ADA 1644 in life. Inset images showing bony projection on humerus in K, L, N. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 28. Raorchestes barakensis sp. nov. A – J Holotype (WII-ADA 612), A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head, D ventral view of right hand, E ventral view of left foot in preserved condition, F dorsolateral view, G dorsal view, H ventral view, I groin, J posterior view of thighs in life. K WII-ADA 942 in life. L WII-ADA 1335 in life. M WII-ADA 1050 in life. N WII-ADA 862 in life. O WII-ADA 1644 showing dorsal spinules. P WII-ADA 1340 in preserved condition. Q an uncollected calling male from the type locality Maruwacherra, Assam. R WII-ADA 1644 in life. Inset images showing bony projection on humerus in K, L, N. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
A373B686842E50CBB75B51954909164B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469400	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure25	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
A373B686842E50CBB75B51954909164B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469399	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure24	Figure 24. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of four species of Raorchestes described in this study. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 24. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of four species of Raorchestes described in this study. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
A373B686842E50CBB75B51954909164B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
A373B686842E50CBB75B51954909164B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
0415707FE17454A1B9AD0BD7CBFF3A6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469402	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure27	Figure 27. Raorchestes boulengeri sp. nov. A – C Holotype (WII-ADA 1539), A dorsal view and B ventral view in preserved condition, C holotype in life. D – F Paratype (WII-ADA 1542) in preserved condition, D dorsal view, E ventral view, F lateral view of head. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 27. Raorchestes boulengeri sp. nov. A – C Holotype (WII-ADA 1539), A dorsal view and B ventral view in preserved condition, C holotype in life. D – F Paratype (WII-ADA 1542) in preserved condition, D dorsal view, E ventral view, F lateral view of head. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
0415707FE17454A1B9AD0BD7CBFF3A6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469399	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure24	Figure 24. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of four species of Raorchestes described in this study. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 24. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of four species of Raorchestes described in this study. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
0415707FE17454A1B9AD0BD7CBFF3A6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
0415707FE17454A1B9AD0BD7CBFF3A6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
0415707FE17454A1B9AD0BD7CBFF3A6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469400	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure25	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
36B523572C3C5874B7AB0CC3C56AC8B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469389	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure14	Figure 14. Previous syntypes of Raorchestes cinerascens nov. comb. under the voucher number ZSI 2716. (A) Lectotype, the largest specimen of the three is shown in the inset image and E dorsal view, and F ventral view; the second largest specimen (D) is shown in the inset and G dorsal view, H ventral view. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 14. Previous syntypes of Raorchestes cinerascens nov. comb. under the voucher number ZSI 2716. (A) Lectotype, the largest specimen of the three is shown in the inset image and E dorsal view, and F ventral view; the second largest specimen (D) is shown in the inset and G dorsal view, H ventral view. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
74724658FC445BD9B1BD8A71A10C8F84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469410	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure35	Figure 35. Raorchestes dibangensis sp. nov. A Dorsal and B ventral view of holotype (WII-ADA 1677) in preserved condition. C – E paratype (WII-ADA 1671) in preserved condition, C dorsal view, D ventral view, E lateral view of head. F Dorsolateral and G ventral view of holotype in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 35. Raorchestes dibangensis sp. nov. A Dorsal and B ventral view of holotype (WII-ADA 1677) in preserved condition. C – E paratype (WII-ADA 1671) in preserved condition, C dorsal view, D ventral view, E lateral view of head. F Dorsolateral and G ventral view of holotype in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
74724658FC445BD9B1BD8A71A10C8F84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469406	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure31	Figure 31. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of three species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 31. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of three species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
74724658FC445BD9B1BD8A71A10C8F84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
74724658FC445BD9B1BD8A71A10C8F84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
74724658FC445BD9B1BD8A71A10C8F84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
74724658FC445BD9B1BD8A71A10C8F84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469408	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure33	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4BBF2F8A6B825B498160D97E8F7C832A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469414	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure39	Figure 39. Raorchestes eaglenestensis sp. nov. A Dorsal and B ventral view of holotype (WII-ADA 1619) in preserved condition. C Dorsal view of WII-ADA 2514 in preserved condition. D – G Holotype in life, D dorsolateral view, E ventral view, F groin, G posterior view of thigh. H WII-ADA 1556 in life; I paratype (WII-ADA 1615) in life; J, K two uncollected males from Bompu, Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 39. Raorchestes eaglenestensis sp. nov. A Dorsal and B ventral view of holotype (WII-ADA 1619) in preserved condition. C Dorsal view of WII-ADA 2514 in preserved condition. D – G Holotype in life, D dorsolateral view, E ventral view, F groin, G posterior view of thigh. H WII-ADA 1556 in life; I paratype (WII-ADA 1615) in life; J, K two uncollected males from Bompu, Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4BBF2F8A6B825B498160D97E8F7C832A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469381	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure6	Figure 6. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of 176 specimens of Raorchestes using 38 morphometric characters (A – D). A Raorchestes garo group, B Raorchestes rezakhani group, C Raorchestes kempiae group + R. khonoma sp. nov. + R. eaglenestensis sp. nov., D Raorchestes annandalii group + R. mindat + R. arunachalensis sp. nov. + R. magnus sp. nov. Sister species plotted with same symbols but with different colours. E PCA of R. garo and R. kempiae specimens using eight morphometric characters.	Figure 6. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of 176 specimens of Raorchestes using 38 morphometric characters (A – D). A Raorchestes garo group, B Raorchestes rezakhani group, C Raorchestes kempiae group + R. khonoma sp. nov. + R. eaglenestensis sp. nov., D Raorchestes annandalii group + R. mindat + R. arunachalensis sp. nov. + R. magnus sp. nov. Sister species plotted with same symbols but with different colours. E PCA of R. garo and R. kempiae specimens using eight morphometric characters.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4BBF2F8A6B825B498160D97E8F7C832A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469415	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure40	Figure 40. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of two new species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 40. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of two new species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4BBF2F8A6B825B498160D97E8F7C832A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4BBF2F8A6B825B498160D97E8F7C832A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4BBF2F8A6B825B498160D97E8F7C832A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469400	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure25	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4BBF2F8A6B825B498160D97E8F7C832A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469408	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure33	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
178302DD011258F087C2B01D2304C7EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469390	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure15	Figure 15. Raorchestes garo. A – D Holotype of Raorchestes garo (ZSI 19187), A dorsal view, B ventral view, C, D lateral view of head; E – N “ Philautus namdaphaensis ”, E – G holotype (ZSIA 7177); H – J paratype (ZSIA 7179); K – N paratype (ZSIA 7178), N granular belly skin. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 15. Raorchestes garo. A – D Holotype of Raorchestes garo (ZSI 19187), A dorsal view, B ventral view, C, D lateral view of head; E – N “ Philautus namdaphaensis ”, E – G holotype (ZSIA 7177); H – J paratype (ZSIA 7179); K – N paratype (ZSIA 7178), N granular belly skin. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
178302DD011258F087C2B01D2304C7EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469391	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure16	Figure 16. Raorchestes garo. A – H WII-ADA 1495 from the type locality, Tura Peak. A Dorsal view (hourglass shaped dark patch on dorsum is shown with a black arrow), B ventral view, C lateral view of head in preserved condition, D dorsal view, E dorsolateral view, F ventral view, G groin, H thighs. I – M WII-ADA 608 from Lakhicherra, Assam. I Dorsal view in preserved condition (Inset image showing spinules on dorsum), J dorsolateral view, K ventral view, L groin, M. thigh; N – Q WII-ADA 1499 from the type locality, N dorsolateral view, O dorsal view, P groin, Q thigh. R – T WII-ADA 1142 from Terei, Mizoram. R Dorsolateral view, S groin, T thigh; U WII-ADA 3217 from Haldibari, Arunachal Pradesh; V, W WII-ADA 607 and WII-ADA 603 respectively from Lakhicherra, Assam; X. WII-ADA 1035 from Ngengpui, Mizoram. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 16. Raorchestes garo. A – H WII-ADA 1495 from the type locality, Tura Peak. A Dorsal view (hourglass shaped dark patch on dorsum is shown with a black arrow), B ventral view, C lateral view of head in preserved condition, D dorsal view, E dorsolateral view, F ventral view, G groin, H thighs. I – M WII-ADA 608 from Lakhicherra, Assam. I Dorsal view in preserved condition (Inset image showing spinules on dorsum), J dorsolateral view, K ventral view, L groin, M. thigh; N – Q WII-ADA 1499 from the type locality, N dorsolateral view, O dorsal view, P groin, Q thigh. R – T WII-ADA 1142 from Terei, Mizoram. R Dorsolateral view, S groin, T thigh; U WII-ADA 3217 from Haldibari, Arunachal Pradesh; V, W WII-ADA 607 and WII-ADA 603 respectively from Lakhicherra, Assam; X. WII-ADA 1035 from Ngengpui, Mizoram. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
178302DD011258F087C2B01D2304C7EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469392	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure17	Figure 17. Different morphs of Raorchestes garo in their natural habitat. A – F Barail hills, Assam; G Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram; H Leimatak, Manipur (topotype of R. “ manipurensis ” WII-ADA 1645).	Figure 17. Different morphs of Raorchestes garo in their natural habitat. A – F Barail hills, Assam; G Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram; H Leimatak, Manipur (topotype of R. “ manipurensis ” WII-ADA 1645).	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
178302DD011258F087C2B01D2304C7EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469393	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure18	Figure 18. Advertisement calls of R. garo (WII-ADA 1495) on left and R. kempiae (WII-ADA 1497) on right. From top to bottom, A, B oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 18. Advertisement calls of R. garo (WII-ADA 1495) on left and R. kempiae (WII-ADA 1497) on right. From top to bottom, A, B oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
178302DD011258F087C2B01D2304C7EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
178302DD011258F087C2B01D2304C7EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
178302DD011258F087C2B01D2304C7EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
178302DD011258F087C2B01D2304C7EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469395	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure20	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469396	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure21	Figure 21. Holotype of R. kempiae (ZSI 18859). A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C, D lateral view of head.	Figure 21. Holotype of R. kempiae (ZSI 18859). A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C, D lateral view of head.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469397	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure22	Figure 22. Raorchestes kempiae. A – H Topotype (WII-ADA 1497), A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head in preserved condition, D lateral view, E dorsal view, F ventral view, G dorsolateral view showing groin, H posterior view of thighs. I WII-ADA 1478 from Daribokgre near Nokrek Biosphere Reserve; J dorsal view and K ventral view of WII-ADA 1480 in life from Daribokgre; L WII-ADA 933 in life from Nagaland; M WII-ADA 1952 and WII-ADA 1953 in axillary amplexus, from Nongkhyllem WLS. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 22. Raorchestes kempiae. A – H Topotype (WII-ADA 1497), A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head in preserved condition, D lateral view, E dorsal view, F ventral view, G dorsolateral view showing groin, H posterior view of thighs. I WII-ADA 1478 from Daribokgre near Nokrek Biosphere Reserve; J dorsal view and K ventral view of WII-ADA 1480 in life from Daribokgre; L WII-ADA 933 in life from Nagaland; M WII-ADA 1952 and WII-ADA 1953 in axillary amplexus, from Nongkhyllem WLS. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469390	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure15	Figure 15. Raorchestes garo. A – D Holotype of Raorchestes garo (ZSI 19187), A dorsal view, B ventral view, C, D lateral view of head; E – N “ Philautus namdaphaensis ”, E – G holotype (ZSIA 7177); H – J paratype (ZSIA 7179); K – N paratype (ZSIA 7178), N granular belly skin. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 15. Raorchestes garo. A – D Holotype of Raorchestes garo (ZSI 19187), A dorsal view, B ventral view, C, D lateral view of head; E – N “ Philautus namdaphaensis ”, E – G holotype (ZSIA 7177); H – J paratype (ZSIA 7179); K – N paratype (ZSIA 7178), N granular belly skin. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469391	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure16	Figure 16. Raorchestes garo. A – H WII-ADA 1495 from the type locality, Tura Peak. A Dorsal view (hourglass shaped dark patch on dorsum is shown with a black arrow), B ventral view, C lateral view of head in preserved condition, D dorsal view, E dorsolateral view, F ventral view, G groin, H thighs. I – M WII-ADA 608 from Lakhicherra, Assam. I Dorsal view in preserved condition (Inset image showing spinules on dorsum), J dorsolateral view, K ventral view, L groin, M. thigh; N – Q WII-ADA 1499 from the type locality, N dorsolateral view, O dorsal view, P groin, Q thigh. R – T WII-ADA 1142 from Terei, Mizoram. R Dorsolateral view, S groin, T thigh; U WII-ADA 3217 from Haldibari, Arunachal Pradesh; V, W WII-ADA 607 and WII-ADA 603 respectively from Lakhicherra, Assam; X. WII-ADA 1035 from Ngengpui, Mizoram. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 16. Raorchestes garo. A – H WII-ADA 1495 from the type locality, Tura Peak. A Dorsal view (hourglass shaped dark patch on dorsum is shown with a black arrow), B ventral view, C lateral view of head in preserved condition, D dorsal view, E dorsolateral view, F ventral view, G groin, H thighs. I – M WII-ADA 608 from Lakhicherra, Assam. I Dorsal view in preserved condition (Inset image showing spinules on dorsum), J dorsolateral view, K ventral view, L groin, M. thigh; N – Q WII-ADA 1499 from the type locality, N dorsolateral view, O dorsal view, P groin, Q thigh. R – T WII-ADA 1142 from Terei, Mizoram. R Dorsolateral view, S groin, T thigh; U WII-ADA 3217 from Haldibari, Arunachal Pradesh; V, W WII-ADA 607 and WII-ADA 603 respectively from Lakhicherra, Assam; X. WII-ADA 1035 from Ngengpui, Mizoram. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469393	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure18	Figure 18. Advertisement calls of R. garo (WII-ADA 1495) on left and R. kempiae (WII-ADA 1497) on right. From top to bottom, A, B oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 18. Advertisement calls of R. garo (WII-ADA 1495) on left and R. kempiae (WII-ADA 1497) on right. From top to bottom, A, B oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469395	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure20	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469392	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure17	Figure 17. Different morphs of Raorchestes garo in their natural habitat. A – F Barail hills, Assam; G Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram; H Leimatak, Manipur (topotype of R. “ manipurensis ” WII-ADA 1645).	Figure 17. Different morphs of Raorchestes garo in their natural habitat. A – F Barail hills, Assam; G Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram; H Leimatak, Manipur (topotype of R. “ manipurensis ” WII-ADA 1645).	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469381	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure6	Figure 6. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of 176 specimens of Raorchestes using 38 morphometric characters (A – D). A Raorchestes garo group, B Raorchestes rezakhani group, C Raorchestes kempiae group + R. khonoma sp. nov. + R. eaglenestensis sp. nov., D Raorchestes annandalii group + R. mindat + R. arunachalensis sp. nov. + R. magnus sp. nov. Sister species plotted with same symbols but with different colours. E PCA of R. garo and R. kempiae specimens using eight morphometric characters.	Figure 6. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of 176 specimens of Raorchestes using 38 morphometric characters (A – D). A Raorchestes garo group, B Raorchestes rezakhani group, C Raorchestes kempiae group + R. khonoma sp. nov. + R. eaglenestensis sp. nov., D Raorchestes annandalii group + R. mindat + R. arunachalensis sp. nov. + R. magnus sp. nov. Sister species plotted with same symbols but with different colours. E PCA of R. garo and R. kempiae specimens using eight morphometric characters.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C1520610D5BA5EACB97294565D1279D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469376	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure1	Figure 1. Map of northeast India showing distribution. A Type localities of previously described bush frog species from northeast India, Indochina and Indo-Burma; B sampling localities for bush frogs during this study between 2016 and 2024 (see Table S 1 for locality details). Political boundaries of neighbouring countries are marked with black lines and state boundaries within the political boundary of India are marked with grey lines.	Figure 1. Map of northeast India showing distribution. A Type localities of previously described bush frog species from northeast India, Indochina and Indo-Burma; B sampling localities for bush frogs during this study between 2016 and 2024 (see Table S 1 for locality details). Political boundaries of neighbouring countries are marked with black lines and state boundaries within the political boundary of India are marked with grey lines.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
F5B90FA168695EF5B61432A7E6433781.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469413	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure38	Figure 38. Raorchestes khonoma sp. nov. A – C and F, G holotype (WII-ADA 897) in preserved condition. A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head, F ventral view of left hand, G ventral view of left feet. D Dorsal and E ventral view of paratype (WII-ADA 896) in preserved condition. H – L Holotype in life, H dorsolateral view, I ventral view, J groin, K posterior view of thigh, L granules on abdomen. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 38. Raorchestes khonoma sp. nov. A – C and F, G holotype (WII-ADA 897) in preserved condition. A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head, F ventral view of left hand, G ventral view of left feet. D Dorsal and E ventral view of paratype (WII-ADA 896) in preserved condition. H – L Holotype in life, H dorsolateral view, I ventral view, J groin, K posterior view of thigh, L granules on abdomen. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
F5B90FA168695EF5B61432A7E6433781.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
F5B90FA168695EF5B61432A7E6433781.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
F5B90FA168695EF5B61432A7E6433781.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
F5B90FA168695EF5B61432A7E6433781.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469408	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure33	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
CA5FBCB2F3FB5A0D912A759CCDE21C72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469407	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure32	Figure 32. Raorchestes lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. A – E Holotype (WII – ADA 947) in preservative and F, G holotype in life; A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head, D ventral view of right hand, E ventral view of right foot; F dorsolateral view, G ventral view. H, I Paratype (WII-ADA 946) in preservative and J – M in life; H dorsal view, I ventral view, J, K dorsolateral view, L ventral view, M groin. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 32. Raorchestes lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. A – E Holotype (WII – ADA 947) in preservative and F, G holotype in life; A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head, D ventral view of right hand, E ventral view of right foot; F dorsolateral view, G ventral view. H, I Paratype (WII-ADA 946) in preservative and J – M in life; H dorsal view, I ventral view, J, K dorsolateral view, L ventral view, M groin. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
CA5FBCB2F3FB5A0D912A759CCDE21C72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
CA5FBCB2F3FB5A0D912A759CCDE21C72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
CA5FBCB2F3FB5A0D912A759CCDE21C72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
CA5FBCB2F3FB5A0D912A759CCDE21C72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469408	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure33	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
EC5485FC36065838A752219687DCB922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469417	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure42	Figure 42. Raorchestes magnus sp. nov. A – F Holotype (WII-ADA 1667), A dorsal view, B ventral view in preserved condition, C dorsolateral view, D ventral view, E groin, F posterior view of thigh. G WII-ADA 448 in life from Mouling NP. H – M WII-ADA 402 from Mouling NP, H dorsal view, I ventral view in preserved condition, J dorsolateral view, K ventral view, L groin, M posterior view of thigh in life. N Paratype (WII-ADA 1668) in life. O WII-ADA 1739 in life from Punli. P WII-ADA 1190 in life from Jengging. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 42. Raorchestes magnus sp. nov. A – F Holotype (WII-ADA 1667), A dorsal view, B ventral view in preserved condition, C dorsolateral view, D ventral view, E groin, F posterior view of thigh. G WII-ADA 448 in life from Mouling NP. H – M WII-ADA 402 from Mouling NP, H dorsal view, I ventral view in preserved condition, J dorsolateral view, K ventral view, L groin, M posterior view of thigh in life. N Paratype (WII-ADA 1668) in life. O WII-ADA 1739 in life from Punli. P WII-ADA 1190 in life from Jengging. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
EC5485FC36065838A752219687DCB922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
EC5485FC36065838A752219687DCB922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
EC5485FC36065838A752219687DCB922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469400	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure25	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5B10970B955C560AA043249A7CE04F5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469401	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure26	Figure 26. Raorchestes mawsynramensis sp. nov. A – C Holotype (WII-ADA 1531) in preserved condition, A dorsal view (inset image showing dorsal spinules on dorsum), B ventral view, C lateral view of head. D – G paratype (WII-ADA 1530) in preserved condition. D Dorsal view, E ventral view (inset image showing granular abdomen skin), F ventral view of left hand, G ventral view of left foot. H Holotype in life, I paratype (WII-ADA 1538) in life; J paratype (WII-ADA 1534) in life; K paratype (WII-ADA 1530) in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 26. Raorchestes mawsynramensis sp. nov. A – C Holotype (WII-ADA 1531) in preserved condition, A dorsal view (inset image showing dorsal spinules on dorsum), B ventral view, C lateral view of head. D – G paratype (WII-ADA 1530) in preserved condition. D Dorsal view, E ventral view (inset image showing granular abdomen skin), F ventral view of left hand, G ventral view of left foot. H Holotype in life, I paratype (WII-ADA 1538) in life; J paratype (WII-ADA 1534) in life; K paratype (WII-ADA 1530) in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5B10970B955C560AA043249A7CE04F5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469399	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure24	Figure 24. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of four species of Raorchestes described in this study. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 24. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of four species of Raorchestes described in this study. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5B10970B955C560AA043249A7CE04F5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5B10970B955C560AA043249A7CE04F5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5B10970B955C560AA043249A7CE04F5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469400	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure25	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5B10970B955C560AA043249A7CE04F5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469395	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure20	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4F5AF218929C5F5B9402FD88ED6C8A0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469418	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure43	Figure 43. Raorchestes mindat A – E WII-ADA 885 in preserved condition, A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head, D v entral view of left feet, E ventral view of left hand. F, G WII-ADA 883 in preserved condition, F dorsal view, G ventral view. H – K WII-ADA 885 in life, H dorsolateral view, I ventral view, J lateral view showing groin, K posterior view of thigh. Inset image showing dorsal spinules on dorsum in F and granular skin on abdomen in I. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 43. Raorchestes mindat A – E WII-ADA 885 in preserved condition, A dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view of head, D v entral view of left feet, E ventral view of left hand. F, G WII-ADA 883 in preserved condition, F dorsal view, G ventral view. H – K WII-ADA 885 in life, H dorsolateral view, I ventral view, J lateral view showing groin, K posterior view of thigh. Inset image showing dorsal spinules on dorsum in F and granular skin on abdomen in I. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4F5AF218929C5F5B9402FD88ED6C8A0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4F5AF218929C5F5B9402FD88ED6C8A0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4F5AF218929C5F5B9402FD88ED6C8A0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
4F5AF218929C5F5B9402FD88ED6C8A0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469419	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure44	Figure 44. Habitats of Raorchestes mindat and R. annandalii A Landscape view of the hills at Fakim WLS and B landscape view at Darjeeling.	Figure 44. Habitats of Raorchestes mindat and R. annandalii A Landscape view of the hills at Fakim WLS and B landscape view at Darjeeling.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
6C3A66CF676C571FB3A6B13F576A93DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469412	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure37	Figure 37. Raorchestes monolithus sp. nov. A Dorsal and B ventral view of holotype (WII-ADA 1634) in preserved condition. C Dorsal and D ventral view of paratype (WII-ADA 1635) in preserved condition. E Holotype in life; F paratype (WII-ADA 1637) in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 37. Raorchestes monolithus sp. nov. A Dorsal and B ventral view of holotype (WII-ADA 1634) in preserved condition. C Dorsal and D ventral view of paratype (WII-ADA 1635) in preserved condition. E Holotype in life; F paratype (WII-ADA 1637) in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
6C3A66CF676C571FB3A6B13F576A93DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469406	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure31	Figure 31. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of three species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 31. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of three species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
6C3A66CF676C571FB3A6B13F576A93DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
6C3A66CF676C571FB3A6B13F576A93DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
6C3A66CF676C571FB3A6B13F576A93DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
6C3A66CF676C571FB3A6B13F576A93DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469408	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure33	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C688F9A1A6815F26ACC2FA60B82115CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469405	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure30	Figure 30. Raorchestes narpuhensis sp. nov. A – C Holotype (WII-ADA 1509) in preserved condition, A dorsal view, B ventral view of head; C lateral view of head. D, E paratype (WII-ADA 1517) in preserved condition. F – K Holotype (WII-ADA 1509) in life, F dorsolateral view, G. dorsal view, H ventral view, I close-up of granules on abdomen, J groin, K posterior view of thighs. L Dorsolateral view and M ventral view of paratype (WII-ADA 1521) in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 30. Raorchestes narpuhensis sp. nov. A – C Holotype (WII-ADA 1509) in preserved condition, A dorsal view, B ventral view of head; C lateral view of head. D, E paratype (WII-ADA 1517) in preserved condition. F – K Holotype (WII-ADA 1509) in life, F dorsolateral view, G. dorsal view, H ventral view, I close-up of granules on abdomen, J groin, K posterior view of thighs. L Dorsolateral view and M ventral view of paratype (WII-ADA 1521) in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C688F9A1A6815F26ACC2FA60B82115CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469406	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure31	Figure 31. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of three species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 31. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of three species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C688F9A1A6815F26ACC2FA60B82115CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C688F9A1A6815F26ACC2FA60B82115CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C688F9A1A6815F26ACC2FA60B82115CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
C688F9A1A6815F26ACC2FA60B82115CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469395	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure20	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5CF7CA253BBD5C4CBDA752E72B9DCB2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469409	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure34	Figure 34. Raorchestes nasuta sp. nov. A – D Holotype (WII-ADA 3388) in preservative, A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view, D ventral view of right hand. E, F Paratype (WII-ADA 3216) in preservative. G – J Holotype in life, G dorsolateral view, H ventral view, I dorsal view, J groin. K – O paratype (WII-ADA 3216) in life, K dorsolateral view, L dorsal view of head, M ventral view, N groin, O posterior view of thighs. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos (G – O) by Rajiv N. V.	Figure 34. Raorchestes nasuta sp. nov. A – D Holotype (WII-ADA 3388) in preservative, A Dorsal view, B ventral view, C lateral view, D ventral view of right hand. E, F Paratype (WII-ADA 3216) in preservative. G – J Holotype in life, G dorsolateral view, H ventral view, I dorsal view, J groin. K – O paratype (WII-ADA 3216) in life, K dorsolateral view, L dorsal view of head, M ventral view, N groin, O posterior view of thighs. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos (G – O) by Rajiv N. V.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5CF7CA253BBD5C4CBDA752E72B9DCB2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5CF7CA253BBD5C4CBDA752E72B9DCB2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
5CF7CA253BBD5C4CBDA752E72B9DCB2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469395	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure20	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
E5FCD3A421C552AFB9E2CCBDC54D69DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469398	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure23	Figure 23. Raorchestes orientalis sp. nov. A Dorsal view, B ventral view of holotype (WII-ADA 1309) in preserved condition; C dorsal view of WII-ADA 1389 in preserved condition; D dorsolateral view and E ventral view of holotype in life (inset image showing granular skin of abdomen); F WII-ADA 3423 in life; G-J WII-ADA 1387 in life, G dorsolateral view (inset image showing enlarged bluntly conical tubercles on upper eyelids), H ventral view, I groin, J posterior view of thighs; K an uncollected calling male from Kamala Valley, Namdapha TR; L WII-ADA 1631 in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 23. Raorchestes orientalis sp. nov. A Dorsal view, B ventral view of holotype (WII-ADA 1309) in preserved condition; C dorsal view of WII-ADA 1389 in preserved condition; D dorsolateral view and E ventral view of holotype in life (inset image showing granular skin of abdomen); F WII-ADA 3423 in life; G-J WII-ADA 1387 in life, G dorsolateral view (inset image showing enlarged bluntly conical tubercles on upper eyelids), H ventral view, I groin, J posterior view of thighs; K an uncollected calling male from Kamala Valley, Namdapha TR; L WII-ADA 1631 in life. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
E5FCD3A421C552AFB9E2CCBDC54D69DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469399	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure24	Figure 24. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of four species of Raorchestes described in this study. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 24. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of four species of Raorchestes described in this study. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
E5FCD3A421C552AFB9E2CCBDC54D69DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469400	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure25	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	Figure 25. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes rezakhani and four other closely related species; B Raorchestes annandalii and three new species. Type localities are denoted by stars, and other localities are denoted by circles.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
E5FCD3A421C552AFB9E2CCBDC54D69DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
E5FCD3A421C552AFB9E2CCBDC54D69DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
E5FCD3A421C552AFB9E2CCBDC54D69DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469395	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure20	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	Figure 20. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species of northeast India. A Forest trail at Tura Peak, the type locality of R. garo and R. kempiae; B forest cover and adjacent lowlands of Garo Hills, from Daribokgre; C a landscape view of forest covers and D a forest trail at Namdapha TR, type localities of R. orientalis sp. nov. and R. nasuta sp. nov.; E hills at Mawsynram, near the type locality of R. mawsynramensis sp. nov.; F Nohkalikai Waterfall and forest cover at the type locality of R. boulengeri sp. nov. in Cherrapunji; G dry stream bed and vegetation in Maruwacherra, near Barail WLS, the type locality of R. barakensis sp. nov. and H forest around Jaintia Hills in Narpuh WLS, at the type locality of R. narpuhensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
49627C78BB5A5DCDB59AFEC6B647A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469404	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure29	Figure 29. Raorchestes rezakhani (WII-ADA 1092) from Dampa TR, Mizoram, India. A Dorsolateral view, B dorsal view, C ventral view, D dorsolateral view showing groin, E posterior view of thighs in life.	Figure 29. Raorchestes rezakhani (WII-ADA 1092) from Dampa TR, Mizoram, India. A Dorsolateral view, B dorsal view, C ventral view, D dorsolateral view showing groin, E posterior view of thighs in life.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
49627C78BB5A5DCDB59AFEC6B647A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
49627C78BB5A5DCDB59AFEC6B647A728.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D110514DA2A559D8A63355F55A4A2EC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469411	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure36	Figure 36. Raorchestes shillongensis. A – E WII-ADA 1459, A dorsal view and B ventral view in preserved condition, C dorsal view, D dorsolateral view, E ventral view in life. F Dorsolateral view of WII-ADA 1461 in life; G – J WII-ADA 1506 in life, G dorsolateral view, H ventral view, I lateral view showing groin, J posterior view of thighs; K, L two uncollected calling males from Shillong, Meghalaya. Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 36. Raorchestes shillongensis. A – E WII-ADA 1459, A dorsal view and B ventral view in preserved condition, C dorsal view, D dorsolateral view, E ventral view in life. F Dorsolateral view of WII-ADA 1461 in life; G – J WII-ADA 1506 in life, G dorsolateral view, H ventral view, I lateral view showing groin, J posterior view of thighs; K, L two uncollected calling males from Shillong, Meghalaya. Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D110514DA2A559D8A63355F55A4A2EC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469406	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure31	Figure 31. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of three species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	Figure 31. Comparative spectrograms and oscillograms illustrating representative calls of three species of Raorchestes. A, B Oscillograms, C spectrogram, D power spectrum. The call marked with an arrow on top in A is expanded in B.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D110514DA2A559D8A63355F55A4A2EC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469377	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure2	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 2. A, B Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indo-China. Outgroups are not shown in this tree. Numbers at the internal branches represent ultrafast bootstrap values (UFB). Values below 50 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D110514DA2A559D8A63355F55A4A2EC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469378	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure3	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	Figure 3. A, B Bayesian tree inferred from the concatenated data set (16 S, cyt b, COI and RHO) for Raorchestes species from northeast India, Indo-Burma and Indochina. Outgroups are not shown in the tree. Numbers at the nodes represent posterior probability (PP) value. Values <0.5 are not shown. Scale bar: substitutions per site.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D110514DA2A559D8A63355F55A4A2EC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469394	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure19	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	Figure 19. Distribution of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Raorchestes garo and three others closely related new species; B Raorchestes kempiae, R. shillongensis, R. mindat and three new species. Type localities are denoted with stars.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
D110514DA2A559D8A63355F55A4A2EC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469408	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure33	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	Figure 33. Habitat at the type localities of Raorchestes species in northeast India. A Lowland forest stream at the type locality of R. lawngtlaiensis sp. nov. in Ngengpui WLS; B landscape view of Mehao WLS from Abango, type locality of R. dibangensis sp. nov. in Abango; C. hill stream and riparian habitat at the type locality of R. shillongensis in Malki, Shillong; D landscape view of the hills at Pumdunlong, the type locality of R. monolithus sp. nov. at Willong Khullen Village; E landscape view of hills and lowland areas at Khonoma, the type locality of R. khonoma sp. nov.; F forest cover at Bompu, Eaglenest WLS at the type locality of R. eaglenestensis sp. nov.; G hill stream and forest cover at Abor hills, habitat of R. magnus sp. nov.; H landscape view of Abor hills and adjacent lowland areas, habitat of R. arunachalensis sp. nov.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
6AF64E4E6CDD5920AA2375E684FE270E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1469388	https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.75.e148133.figure13	Figure 13. Raorchestes tytthus nov. comb. A Dorsal and B ventral view of holotype (BMNH 1947.2. 5.92); C dorsal view, D ventral view of paratype (BMNH 1947.2. 5.93). Scale bar = 10 mm.	Figure 13. Raorchestes tytthus nov. comb. A Dorsal and B ventral view of holotype (BMNH 1947.2. 5.92); C dorsal view, D ventral view of paratype (BMNH 1947.2. 5.93). Scale bar = 10 mm.	2025-11-20	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit		Zenodo	biologists	Boruah, Bitupan;Deepak, V.;Das, Abhijit			
