identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4C2767D85E565BEAA6F1C975554B3745.text	4C2767D85E565BEAA6F1C975554B3745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Botryoconidia globosus X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Botryoconidia globosus X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin word “ globosus ” indicating that the Conidia is spherical.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus elliottii, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 150 (holotype HMAS 352960, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.28956) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of hyaline to pale brown, smooth- to verruculose-walled, multi-septate, branched, slender, and uniform hyphae, 1.6–2.8 μm diam. Asexual state: Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or conidiogenous cells absent, (27.3 –) 37.2–74.6 (– 87.9) × (1.9 –) 2.2–3.0 (– 3.2) μm. Conidiogenous cells arising from the top of the hyphae or branching out from the sides of the hyphae, 0–1 - septate, rough, short, and having few branches, (3.1 –) 3.3–5.6 (– 6.8) × (2.2 –) 2.3–2.8 (– 3.0) μm. Conidia developing directly from the end or side of the hyphae or from conidiogenous cells on conidiophores, oval-shaped to spindle-shaped, in clusters like grapes in bunches, translucent or hyaline, smooth, (2.3 –) 2.7–5.0 (– 6.2) × (1.5 –) 1.6–2.4 (– 3.0) μm. Sexual state unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on MEA and OA, with a compact surface, dark olive, and irregular edges. The optimal temperature for growth is 20–25 ° C, reaching 5–8 mm in diameter in 10 days. No growth at 5 ° C and 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional specimen (paratype) examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from P. elliottii, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, paratype NF 151 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analyses of Extremaceae (Fig. 3), the isolate of Botryoconidia globosus clustered with Paradevriesia and Saxophila within the family, although the internal relationships among these genera were not well resolved. NF 150 shows ITS sequence divergence of 9.98 % (45 / 451 bp) from Saxophila ( S. tyrhenica), supporting its phylogenetic distinctness. Morphologically, B. globosus has small (2.3–6.2 × 1.5–3.0 μm), hyaline, single-celled conidia from reduced conidiophores, while S. tyrhenica produces large (10.0–12.0 × 15.0–20.0 μm), multicellular, brown arthric conidia (Isola et al. 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C2767D85E565BEAA6F1C975554B3745	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
7F4827C8BBCA5E068430E2B52A89B360.text	7F4827C8BBCA5E068430E2B52A89B360.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Botryoconidia X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Botryoconidia X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan gen. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin words “botrys” and “conidium”, referring to the grape-like clustered arrangement of conidia.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Botryoconidia globosus X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan, sp. nov.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Colonies olive, tomentose, with irregularly margins. Hyphae hyaline to pale brown, smooth to verruculose, septate, branched, varying in shape from straight to wavy or curved. Asexual state: Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells or occasionally absent. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or intercalary, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, arising from vegetative hyphae, producing conidia either synchronously or successively. The apex of the conidiogenous cells often slightly swollen or constricted after conidium secession. Conidia developing directly on hyphae in an apical or lateral manner or on conidiophores, suboval to elliptical, smooth, occasionally aggregated in clusters. Sexual state not observed.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Extremaceae was introduced by Quaedvlieg et al. (2014) and has since been expanded to include ten genera, reflecting growing research interest in this family. Most of the species in Extremaceae are rock-inhabiting taxa, saprobes, or isolated from soil. In this study, however, the genus Botryoconidia, represented by an endophytic strain from Pinus densiflora, forms a distinct lineage within Extremaceae (Fig. 4). Morphologically, Botryoconidia differs significantly from other genera in this family. While conidia in other Extremaceae genera are typically solitary or arranged in chains (Videira et al. 2017), those of Botryoconidia are oval-granular and aggregated in grape-like clusters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F4827C8BBCA5E068430E2B52A89B360	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
FB80F3B02E2D598F8BAFEE5E19C029BF.text	FB80F3B02E2D598F8BAFEE5E19C029BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helianthoconium helianthosporum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Helianthoconium helianthosporum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin word “helianthus,” indicating that it is named for distinctive morphology of its conidia, which closely resemble sunflower seeds.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophyte from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 684 (holotype HMAS 352957, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.28953) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of hyaline, smooth or warty, aseptate, flexuous, branched, slender, 1.2–2.8 μm diam. Asexual state: Conidiophores erect, solitary, arising from hyphae, 2–15 - septate, straight to flexuous, subcylindrical, brown, smooth, stout, unbranched, (57.4 –) 63.3–122.6 (– 161.6) × (2.3 –) 3.1–4.7 (– 4.7) μm. Conidiogenous cells terminal, pale brown to brown, smooth, subcylindrical, terminal, connected in series, (4.2 –) 5.4–10.3 (– 11.9) × (2.7 –) 3.0–3.9 (– 4.1) μm. Conidia terminal and lateral, aseptate, smooth, brown, sunflower seed-shaped, base truncate, (6.0 –) 6.9–8.2 (– 8.5) × (3 –) 3.5–4 (– 5) μm. Sexual state unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on MEA slow-growing, velvety to hairy, with entire margin; surface dark olivaceous-grey. On SNA and OA, the colonies appear off-white (Fig. 10 A – C). The optimal temperature for growth was 20–25 ° C, reaching 4–5 mm diam after 10 days on MEA. No growth was observed at 5 ° C and 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional specimen (paratype) examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophyte from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, paratype NF 884 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analyses of Capnodiales (Fig. 1) and Dissoconiaceae (Fig. 2), the isolate of Helianthoconium helianthosporum formed a well-supported clade within Dissoconiaceae (ML / BI = 100 / 1.00). BLAST analysis of the ITS sequence of NF 684 against NCBI reveals a 10.78 % (51 / 473 bp) difference from its closest known relative, indicating a clear genetic distinction. Although consistently placed within Dissoconiaceae, Helianthoconium helianthosporum differs from other genera in this family by its sunflower seed-shaped conidia (vs. broadly ellip soidal to globose in Globoramichloridium and cylindrical in Paradissoconium) and shorter conidiogenous cells (4.2–11.9 μm vs. 15–45 μm in Paradissoconium narthecii). Based on these phylogenetic and well-defined morphological differences, we propose the new genus Helianthoconium, with H. helianthosporum as the type species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB80F3B02E2D598F8BAFEE5E19C029BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
21905525ACD15D71BDC339974CDDEB2C.text	21905525ACD15D71BDC339974CDDEB2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helianthoconium X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Helianthoconium X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan gen. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from “Helianthus” (sunflower) and conidium, referring to the sunflower seed-shaped conidia.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Helianthoconium helianthosporum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan, sp. nov.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Colonies are fluffy, fuzzy, olive to off-white, with intact or finely serrated margins and irregularly divided patterns. The hyphae are translucent to off-white, slender, branched, erect or curved, and smooth to slightly warty. Asexual state: Conidiophores erect, straight or flexuose, unbranched, multi-septate, smooth or slightly warty, medium-brown to brown. Conidiogenous cells terminal, pale brown to brown, smooth, subcylindrical, aseptate, somewhat darkened, unthickened scar. Conidia solitary, sunflower-seed-shaped, slightly tapering at the apex, aseptate. Sexual state not observed.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Phylogenetically, Helianthoconium forms a separate clade within the family Dissoconiaceae, although internal relationships among genera are not fully resolved. Morphologically, Helianthoconium exhibits macroscopic characteristics similar to those of Paradissoconium and Globoramichloridium . However, it differs in both conidial and conidiophore morphology: Paradissoconium produces olive-shaped conidia on simple conidiophores, while Globoramichloridium forms elongated conidia on branched conidiophores. In contrast, Helianthoconium is characterised by aseptate, sunflower seed-shaped conidia and thick, elongated conidiophores. (Arzanlou et al. 2007; Marin-Felix et al. 2019; Crous et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/21905525ACD15D71BDC339974CDDEB2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
438BE076D9C05D56A6F4CC6C6D6D7EAE.text	438BE076D9C05D56A6F4CC6C6D6D7EAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Longisporomyces filisporum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Longisporomyces filisporum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>referring to the distinctive filiform (thread-like) conidia produced by this species.</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 595 (holotype HMAS 352956, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.29108) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of hyaline, smooth, multi-septate, branched, uniform hyphae in width, slender, 1.4–2.6 μm diam. Many aerial hyphae are clustered in bundles, thicker at the base and tapering upwards on MEA (Fig. 12 D, G). Asexual state: Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells absent or conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiophores not obvious when present, and conidia developing directly from the ends or sides of hyphae. Conidia multiseptated, filiform or slightly flexuous, slender, hyaline, smooth, (9.9 –) 14.3–35.3 (– 52.2) × (1.5 –) 2.0–3.0 (– 3.5) μm (Fig. 12 E, H). Sexual state unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on MEA, with a fluffy surface, pale yellow to off-white in colour, and irregular edges. In contrast, colonies grown on OA and SNA medium are transparent to white, dense, with irregularly lobed edges and few aerial hyphae. The optimal temperature for growth was 20–25 ° C, reaching 8–12 mm diam in 10 days. No growth at 5 ° C and 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional specimen (paratype) examined. CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, paratype NF 692 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the present study, the novel genus Longisporomyces was established to accommodate isolates producing filiform conidia, represented by Longisporomyces filisporum (NF 595 and NF 692). Phylogenetic analyses within Mycosphaerellaceae (Fig. 4) revealed that Longisporomyces forms a well-supported clade (BS = 100 %, BPP = 1.00) and is sister to the clade containing Xenosonderhenioides indonesiana C. Nakash., Videira &amp; Crous. It is clearly distinct from the genera Xenosonderhenia Crous and Xenomycosphaerella Quaedvl. &amp; Crous.</p><p>Phylogenetically, Longisporomyces forms a well-supported, distinct lineage that is sister to a highly supported clade containing Xenomycosphaerella, Xenosonderhenia and Xenosonderhenioides . While we retain Longisporomyces as a distinct genus due to its genomic divergence and distinct morphological characteristics. L. filisporum NF 595 shows ITS sequence divergence of 3.98 % (19 / 477 bp) from Xenosonderhenioides indonesiana, 7.78 % (40 / 514 bp) from Xenomycosphaerella elongata, and 6.25 % (30 / 480 bp) from Xenosonderhenia eucalypti . Morphologically, the generic type, Longisporomyces filisporum, is characterized by filiform and flexuous conidia, which are slightly narrower than those of Xenosonderhenioides indonesiana (1.5–3.5 μm vs. 5–6 μm) (Videira et al. 2017). In addition, conidia of L. filisporum are narrower than those of X. elongata (1.5–3.5 μm vs. 4–5 μm) and have more septa (0–3 vs. 1) (Crous et al. 2007 c), and they are long-cylindrical, differing from the fusoid-ellipsoid conidia of Xenosonderhenia eucalypti (Crous et al. 2014 b) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/438BE076D9C05D56A6F4CC6C6D6D7EAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
E05B0A3E73E05A5EB76B69DE11A8B8FF.text	E05B0A3E73E05A5EB76B69DE11A8B8FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Longisporomyces X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Longisporomyces X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan gen. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin words “longus” and “spora,” indicating that its spores are elongated.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Longisporomyces filisporum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan, sp. nov.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Colonies pale yellow to off-white fluffy, tomentose, with irregular edges. Hyphae verruculose or smooth, multi-septate, elongated, rarely branching, various in shapes, some are straight, some wavy or curved. Some hyphae aggregate into bundles and grow upward, forming thicker mycelial masses on MEA. Asexual state: Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells absent or conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidia are formed directly on the hyphae in an apical or lateral manner, slender filiform, straight or flexuous, smooth, multi-septate, and sometimes in chains. Sexual state not observed.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The family Mycosphaerellaceae constitutes the most species-rich clade within Capnodiales, comprising approximately 1,000 described species with a global distribution and considerable ecological versatility (Bakhshi et al. 2015; Videira et al. 2017; Crous et al. 2020 b; Rajeshkumar et al. 2021). Its members exhibit remarkable ecological plasticity, functioning as plant pathogens, endophytes, saprobes, and occasionally hyperparasites. They colonize a wide range of substrates or hosts, reflecting substantial adaptive diversity. Recent taxonomic revisions, aided by integrative morphogenomic approaches, have expanded the family to include more than 135 genera (Bakhshi et al. 2015; Videira et al. 2017; Crous et al. 2020 b; Bakhshi et al. 2021; Rajeshkumar et al. 2021). In this study, we describe a new monotypic genus, Longisporomyces, within this family, typified by Longisporomyces filisporum, based on a combination of morphological and molecular characteristics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E05B0A3E73E05A5EB76B69DE11A8B8FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
CD5A953331F15AEEBCEC87C8A7EFE840.text	CD5A953331F15AEEBCEC87C8A7EFE840.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neocatenulostroma endophyticum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Neocatenulostroma endophyticum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophyte from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 685 (holotype HMAS 352961, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.28957) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin word “ endophyticum,” indicating its ecological niche as an endophyte.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of hyaline to pale brown, multi-septate, branched, smooth- to verruculose-walled hyphae, 2.5–3.9 μm. Asexual morph blastic-acropetal; conidiogenous cells developing from swollen hyphal segments, pale brown to brown, thick-walled, verruculose, straight to slightly curved, occasionally in short series Conidia produced successively at the apex of conidiogenous cells, forming acropetal chains; conidia hyaline to pale brown, verruculose, aseptate, ellipsoidal, relatively thick-walled, (5.2 –) 6.0–10.4 (– 13.5) × (2.6 –) 3.5–4.5 (– 4.9) μm (Fig. 13 D – H). Conidia frequently germinate laterally or apically by means of short, thin-walled germ tubes, which may elongate into hyaline hyphae or give rise to new conidial chains (Fig. 13 H). Although the conidia are relatively thick-walled and pigmented, they are not chlamydospores, as they are actively produced in conidial chains. Sexual state unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies are black to dark olive in colour on MEA and OA, growing very slowly with a slightly fuzzy texture, dense in the centre and relatively loose at the edges. On SNA, aerial hyphae appear white and cottony. The optimal temperature for growth is 20–25 ° C, reaching 3–6 mm diam in 10 d. No growth at 5 ° C and 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 690 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Two endophytic fungal isolates obtained from resistant Pinus densiflora formed a distinct lineage within the genus Neocatenulostroma, showing close phylogenetic affinity to N. microsporum (Joanne E. Taylor &amp; Crous) Quaedvl. &amp; Crous and N. abietis (Butin &amp; Pehl) Quaedvl. &amp; Crous. Morphologically, Neocatenulostroma species belong to a group of black yeast-like melanized Capnodialean microfungi (Markovskaja et al. 2016). However, unlike the present endophytic isolates, both N. microsporum and N. abietis are plant pathogens, reported from South Africa and Europe, respectively. The new taxon, N. endophyticum, differs from N. microsporum by 6.19 % (28 / 452 bp) in the ITS region, and can be further distinguished by producing slightly shorter and more variably shaped conidia (5.2–13.5 × 2.6–4.9 μm), although the size ranges partly overlap with those of its closest relatives, which are 13–15 × 5.5–6 μm in N. microsporum (Quaedvlieg et al., 2014) and 8–24 × 5–7 μm in N. abietis (Butin et al. 1996) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD5A953331F15AEEBCEC87C8A7EFE840	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
5E381E4296AF599DA42DE9A6726EE37F.text	5E381E4296AF599DA42DE9A6726EE37F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rachicladosporium pennatum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Rachicladosporium pennatum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, endophytes from Pinus thunbergii, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 412 (holotype HMAS 354160, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.28959) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin word “ pennatum ”, the specific epithet refers to the distinctive pinnate arrangement of conidiophores and conidia.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of branched, multi-septate, subhyaline to pale brown hyphae, smooth-walled, 1.9–3.3 μm diam. Asexual state consisting of two conidiation modes: Blastic conidiation: Conidiophores arising laterally or terminally from hyphae, subcylindrical to clavate, multi-septate, pale brown, smooth, (41.9 –) 57.6–150.0 (– 166.2) × (2.0 –) 2.5–4.3 (– 4.9) μm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, mono- to polyblastic, producing conidia sympodially, (6.8 –) 7.8–11.1 (– 11.9) × (1.9 –) 2.3–3.1 (– 3.2) μm. Conidia pale brown to brown, smooth or slightly verrucose, thick-walled, clavate to fusiform, mostly aseptate, occasionally one-septate or with two septa, (4.4 –) 5.1–7.6 (– 8.8) × (3.7 –) 4.3–6.3 (– 7.2) μm (c; Fig. 15 D – F, H). Thallic conidiation: Vegetative hyphae directly transformed into thick-walled chlamydospores, arranged in short chains, subcircular to elliptical, pale brown to brown, smooth to finely verruculose, (5.4 –) 5.7–7.5 (– 8.3) × (1.6 –) 1.9–2.7 (– 2.8) μm (d; Fig. 15 G). Sexual state not observed.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on MEA are slow-growing, wrinkled, with irregularly serrated edges, densely packed, and light olive green. On OA and SNA media, the colonies are black to off-white, with the aerial hyphae on SNA being fluffier. The optimal temperature is 20 ° C, reaching 9–11 mm diam after 10 d. It can grow a little at 5 ° C. No growth at 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional materials examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus thunbergii, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 413, NF 416 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The genus Rachicladosporium currently comprises 21 accepted epithets according to Index Fungorum (https://www.indexfungorum.org), four of which have since been transferred to the genus Cryoendolithus . Although not all species were included in the phylogenetic analyses, a pairwise comparison of ITS sequences showed that strain NF 412 differs from its closest relative, Rachicladosporium alpinum, by 3.28 % (15 nucleotide substitutions across 458 aligned base pairs), supporting its recognition as a distinct species. Species within this genus have been reported from diverse substrates and habitats, including sooty mold communities on leaves and needles of trees and shrubs, as well as on rocks and insects (Cruywagen et al. 2015). Phylogenetic analysis shows that three new isolates of R. pennatum, obtained as endophytic fungi from resistant Pinus thunbergii, cluster within the main Rachicladosporium clade and are closely related to R. alpinum and R. paucitum . However, both R. alpinum and R. paucitum were isolated from rocks in the Italian Alps and produce only subhyaline to pale brown hyphae (Egidi et al. 2014; Crous et al. 2019 a). Morphologically, R. pennatum produces both conidia and chlamydospores, whereas in the closely related species R. alpinum, conidia or chlamydospore-like cells have not been observed (Egidi et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E381E4296AF599DA42DE9A6726EE37F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
6A795F7B8E915AA48A962C5CCB4F0AD8.text	6A795F7B8E915AA48A962C5CCB4F0AD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaerulina nanjingensis X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Sphaerulina nanjingensis X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 651 (holotype HMAS 352955, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.28952) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from “Nanjing,” indicating that this species was first discovered in Nanjing.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of hyaline, smooth to slightly rough-walled, multi-septate, branched and slender hyphae, 1.3–2.2 μm in diameter. Asexual state: Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiophores are not clearly differentiated; Conidiogenous cells are integrated, terminal or intercalary, hyaline, smooth-walled, monoblastic to polyblastic, producing conidia in acropetal chains through blastic conidiogenesis; conidia are produced directly from the apical or lateral sides of hyphae. Conidia multiseptated, long, filiform, falcate, slender, hyaline, smooth, (10.0 –) 14.7–27.4 (– 38.3) × (1.4 –) 1.6–2.1 (– 2.2) μm (Fig. 14 D – H). Sexual state unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on SNA with a floccose to woolly surface, off-white to translucent in appearance, and with a regular, well-defined margin. On OA, aerial hyphae are concentrated in the middle area with very few around it. The optimal temperature is 20–25 ° C, reaching 9–13 mm in diameter in 10 days on OA. No growth at 5 ° C or 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 851 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Two isolates, NF 651 and NF 851, identified as S. nanjingensis, are phylogenetically related to S. chaenomelis . Nevertheless, they can be clearly distinguished based on both morphological characteristics and multi-locus phylogeny. Morphologically, conidia of NF 651 are significantly smaller, measuring (10.0 –) 14.7–27.4 (– 38.3) × (1.4 –) 1.6–2.1 (– 2.2) μm, whereas those of S. chaenomelis are considerably larger, (10 –) 30–38 (– 50) × (2 –) 2.5–3 (– 4) μm. Ecologically, NF 651 was isolated as an endophyte from Pinus densiflora, while S. chaenomelis is known as a pathogen of Chaenomeles sinensis (Crous et al. 2013 a) . Although some endophytic species are known to display pathogenic behaviour under certain conditions, the distinct host associations and lifestyles of these two taxa suggest ecological divergence. At the molecular level, NF 651 differs from Sphaerulina chaenomelis MUCC 1510 (type) by 35 nucleotide substitutions across 2315 aligned base pairs from the combined ITS, nLSU, RPB 2, TEF 1 and TUB gene regions, corresponding to a divergence of 1.51 %. The ITS and nLSU regions are relatively conserved among Sphaerulina species, whereas most variations occur in the protein-coding genes — 3.78 % (13 / 344 bp) in RPB 2, 2.22 % (7 / 314 bp) in TEF 1, and 3.71 % (14 / 377 bp) in TUB — which exceed the typical intraspecific range (Jeewon and Hyde 2016) and thus support its recognition as a distinct species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A795F7B8E915AA48A962C5CCB4F0AD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
1203F8775A22580AA65B7EC949B55458.text	1203F8775A22580AA65B7EC949B55458.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Toxicocladosporium fusiforme X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Toxicocladosporium fusiforme X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 16</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus thunbergii, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 414 (holotype HMAS 354159, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.28958) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin words “ fusiforme ”, referring to the fusiform conidia of this species.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of septate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth to warty, branched hyphae, 1.8–3.2 μm diam. Asexual state: Conidiophores arising from superficial mycelium, erect to sinuous, brown, unbranched, smooth or verrucous, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous, multi-septate, (21.2 –) 24.4–58.7 (– 78.2) × (2.1 –) 2.5–3.6 (– 3.9) μm. Conidiogenous cells are terminal, smooth, slightly verrucous, light brown, unseptate, subcylindrical, (4.8 –) 5.2–10.5 (– 11.7) × (2.1 –) 2.2–3.5 (– 3.7) μm. Conidia are terminal or lateral to the tips of hyphae or conidiogenous cells, smooth, transparent to light brown, without septa, fusiform, some of which are connected in series, (6.4 –) 6.5–7.9 (– 8.2) × (2.2 –) 2.4–3.3 (– 3.5) μm.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on MEA surface flat to slightly raised at centre, yellow-green, fuzzy, and have intact edges; reverse dark brown. On OA, colonies are brown, fading toward the centre and edges. The optimal temperature is 25–30 ° C, reaching 13–16 mm diam in 10 d. At 35 ° C, the fungus shows slight growth, attaining a colony diameter of 3–5 mm within 10 days. No growth was observed at 5 ° C.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>The genus Toxicocladosporium was established by Crous et al. (Crous et al. 2007 b) to accommodate cladosporium-like fungi characterised by “ dark, thick-walled, conidial and conidiophore septa, and lacking the typical coronate Cladosporium scar ” (Bezerra et al. 2017). Species of Toxicocladosporium are widely distributed and capable of colonising a variety of substrates. Nearly all species in this genus exhibit a broad host range, and have been isolated from diverse sources including mold-infested paint and clinical specimens (Crous et al. 2009 c; Crous et al. 2009 d; Crous et al. 2016 b). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that our new fungal strain of T. fusiforme, isolated from Pinus thunbergii, is nested within the Toxicocladosporium clade and closely related to T. immaculatum, from which it differs by 1.65 % (8 / 484 bp) in the ITS region. Morphologically, T. fusiforme is distinguished by its relatively long conidiophores (21.2–78.2 vs. 12-25 × 2.5-3.5 µm in T. immaculatum).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1203F8775A22580AA65B7EC949B55458	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
31DFF8FBF2F651ECBEECB50905401FB3.text	31DFF8FBF2F651ECBEECB50905401FB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zasmidium guttulatum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Zasmidium guttulatum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 17</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 649 (holotype HMAS 352959, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.28955) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin word “guttula” (a droplet), referring to the droplet-like appearance of the conidia.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of brown, septate, branched hyphae, smooth to verruculose, 1.6–3.3 μm in diameter. Asexual state: Conidiophores erect, subcylindrical, dark brown, straight, verrucous, (19.5 –) 21.8–63.0 (– 80.8) × (1.4 –) 1.5–2.2 (– 2.5) μm. Conidiogenous cells formed by the degeneration of conidiophores or terminally, pale to brown, verrucous, cylindrical, (2.6 –) 3.0–3.9 (– 4.1) × (2.1 –) 2.2–2.4 (– 2.5) μm. Conidia terminal or lateral, drop-shaped to gourd-shaped, brown to transparent, smooth to slightly verrucous, 0–1 septate, (4.5 –) 5.1–8.1 (– 9.9) × (3.4 –) 338–4.5 (– 4.7) μm. Sexual state unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies grow circular and flat, yellowish-green to dark olivaceous, producing droplets on MEA, with floccose aerial mycelium on SNA and OA. The optimal temperature for growth is 25 ° C, reaching 11–13 mm in diameter after 10 days. No growth occurs at 5 ° C or 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 648 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Two isolates, NF 649 and NF 849 ( Zasmidium guttulatum), obtained from endophytic fungi, formed a clade closely related to Z. pearceae . However, they differ morphologically. Colonies of NF 649 produce viscous droplets on the surface and have a regular margin, in contrast to the dry surface and irregular margin of Z. pearceae colonies. In addition, the conidial morphology is distinct, and NF 649 produces guttulate, drop-shaped conidia, while those of Z. pearceae are elongate and cylindrical (Tan et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/31DFF8FBF2F651ECBEECB50905401FB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
D67F9C5A8148598E9F88684E343F1FB9.text	D67F9C5A8148598E9F88684E343F1FB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zasmidium longisporum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang & B. Fan 2025	<div><p>Zasmidium longisporum X. Yu. Zhang, Q. Y. Zhang &amp; B. Fan sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 18</p><p>Type.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 622 (holotype HMAS 352958, culture ex-type CGMCC 3.28954) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Derived from the Latin words “longus” and “spora”, the species epithet refers to the elongated conidia produced by the fungus.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Mycelium composed of branched, septate, pale brown, verruculose hyphae, 1.5–3 μm diam. Numerous orange-coloured granules are observed among the hyphae (Fig. 18 G). Asexual state: Conidiophores erect or curved, cylindrical, hyaline to pale brown, aseptate, smooth, (17.2 –) 30.9–58.1 (– 79.5) × (1.9 –) 2.3–3.1 (– 3.7) μm. Conidiogenous cells absent; conidia produced directly from the sides or apices of hyphae, hyaline, subcylindrical with a slightly narrowed base, slightly verruculose, mostly aseptate, occasionally with one septum, (6.1 –) 7.7–16.2 (– 21.2) × (2.3 –) 2.7–3.3 (– 3.6) μm. Sexual state unknown.</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on MEA with irregular margins and slightly raised centres, bearing abundant aerial mycelium, yellowish-green to cream-coloured. On SNA and OA, aerial mycelium is sparse; colonies appear dark olivaceous on OA and deep yellowish-green on SNA. The optimal temperature is 25 ° C, with colonies reaching 12–14 mm in diameter in 10 days. No growth at 5 ° C or 35 ° C.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>CHINA • Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Nanjing Forestry University, Baima Campus, fungal endophytes from Pinus densiflora, May 2023, Ben Fan and Xiuyu Zhang, NF 822 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Two isolates, NF 622 and NF 622-2, were identified as Zasmidium longisporum, a species phylogenetically related to Z. fructicola . The two taxa can be distinguished primarily by conidial size: NF 622 produces significantly larger conidia, measuring up to 21.2 μm, compared to those of Z. fructicola, which reach a maximum length of 12 μm. Additionally, NF 622 exhibits slower growth, achieving a colony diameter of 12–14 mm after 10 days, whereas Z. fructicola grows more rapidly, reaching 40 mm in diameter within 14 days. Ecologically, NF 622 was isolated as an endophytic fungus from pine trees, while Z. fructicola is a known pathogen of citrus fruit (Huang 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D67F9C5A8148598E9F88684E343F1FB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Xiu-Yu;Zhang, Qiu-Yue;Li, De-Wei;Sun, Jing-Zu;Fan, Ben	Zhang, Xiu-Yu, Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Li, De-Wei, Sun, Jing-Zu, Fan, Ben (2025): Novel endophytic fungi from Pinus: introducing three new genera and six new species within Capnodiales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes) sensu lato. IMA Fungus 16: e 175931, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.16.175931
