identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2A2D13766B70FF87FF1AF9A805AA5B6E.text	2A2D13766B70FF87FF1AF9A805AA5B6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena Baly 1860	<div><p>Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 .</p><p>Cheiloxena Baly, 1860: 255</p><p>Chiloxena: Gemminger and von Harold 1874: 3233 (misspelling)</p><p>Cheiloscena: Selman 1963: 158 (misspelling)</p><p>Chiloscena: Selman 1963: 159 (misspelling)</p><p>Type species: Cheiloxena westwoodii Baly, 1860, by original designation and monotypy</p><p>Diagnosis. Length 7¯ 15.5 mm; shape elongate, profile not elevated at base of elytra; elytra parallel-sided for basal 2/3, base of pronotum strongly narrowed compared with elytral width at humeri; dorsum dull, with scattered recumbent scale-like setae; eyes generally small, gena 0.3–0.8x eye length; pronotum widest at middle and/or anterior, and width at posterior angles narrower than width at anterior angles; lateral margination of pronotum absent; prosternal process elongate, arched between coxae, apex truncate and laterally expanded; elytra tuberculate, non-striate, but some punctures may be aligned in short rows; epipleuron narrow, gradually contracted from humerus to apex, upper margin obliterated at base; mesosternal process elongate, apex truncate; male tibiae straight; tibial spurs 1+2+2; claw bifid, inner lobe small and acute, &lt;45°; apex of third tarsomere shallowly bilobed; ventrites I and II fused; tegmen with internal median keel; male spiculum relictum absent; female median sclerite present in ovipositor; rectal kotpresse not well-defined.</p><p>Description. Length 7–15.5 mm, females larger than males on average but ranges broadly overlapping; body (Figs 1–20) elongate, length 1.8–2.3x width; head generally deflexed (least so in C. insignis); pronotal base much narrower than elytral base at humeri, which are prominent; dorsum and venter dark brown to black, with broad recumbent scale-like setae, except C. insignis with recumbent thin setae; profile shallowly convex, but often with prominent tubercles, length 2.6–3.1x height (excluding tubercles).</p><p>Head (Figs 1–30, 35, 38, 39): head capsule dorsally without deep grooves or ridges; fronto-clypeal sutures obsolete, but frontoclypeus distinguished by narrow impunctate margins delimiting an approximately triangular area, anterior margin truncate to deeply concave, flat or concave between eyes and without elevated apex; vertex and frontoclypeus punctate, punctures larger than ommatidia; eyes small and ovate, length 1.3– 2x width, inner margins shallowly concave, inter-ocular space 2– 4x eye lengths; eye feebly to strongly laterally projecting, if latter, posterior curvature contiguous with short temples, which are constricted to parallel-sided base of head capsule; small trichobothrium present at posterior margin of eye; pregular area smooth and impunctate (normally hidden); gena produced, 0.3–0.8x greatest eye length; antennae 2.5x (male C. insignis) to 9x (female C. conani) socket diameters apart, sockets laterally directed; antennae 0.55–0.9x body length; relative sizes of antennomeres variable, but 1 always widest, 2 shortest and quadrate to transverse, 3 longer than 1, antennomeres 8–11 elongate and parallel-sided or short and ovate ( C. insignis), 3 longest, and 7 or 11 second longest; antennomeres 1–6 relatively shining and sparsely punctured, 8–11 (sometimes also apical half of 7) dull and densely microsculptured; membranous anteclypeus usually produced, smooth and impunctate; labrum transverse, broadest at apex, flat except for declivous apical edge, often only the latter visible, anterior margin shallowly concave to truncate; apical half shining, sparsely punctate, with 2–4 pairs (sometimes asymmetric) of long setae at edge of declivity and fringe of long setae projecting from underside of apical edge, forming tuft at each apicolateral corner; mandibles shining and almost impunctate on apical 1/3–1/2, closely punctured and setose on basal 2/3–1/2; each mandible produced, bent at almost right-angles to two apical teeth; apical maxillary palpomere elongate, fusiform in females, varying from elongate ovate to securiform in males, but in males always with broader truncate apex; preapical maxillary palpomere elongate-triangular, shorter than apical, and narrower; labial palpi similar to maxillary palpi in both sexes, but narrower; mentum transverse, width 2– 3x median length, anterior angles slightly produced.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 1–36, 40–42): pronotum elongate to transverse, width 0.85–1.3x length, broadest at middle, or middle and anterior angles, usually strongly contracted from middle to posterior angles and slightly contracted from middle to anterior angles; disc punctured, uneven, with lateral depressions and/or paired median ridges; anterior edge produced in front of anterior angles, posterior edge truncate to convex, lateral margins slightly convex to strongly toothed or lobed; anterior and posterior edges without distinct beading; lateral carinae absent, or reduced to short ridge between anterior angle and anterolateral tubercle in C. insignis; anterior angles anteriorly prominent, with small trichobothrium; posterior angles not produced, 90–100°, with small trichobothrium laterally placed; base of elytra not or slightly hollowed to accommodate posterior of pronotum; prosternum flat and punctate between procoxae and head; prosternal process elongate, narrow and strongly arched, with truncate expanded apex; procoxal cavities pear shaped, rounded at inner margin and attenuated laterally; protrochantins narrowly exposed; procoxal cavities closed by insertion of hypomeral lobes into prosternal process; scutellum semi-ovate, flat, apex superimposed on sutural base; elytra broadest at base or basal 2/3, with strongly developed humeri; surface with shiny tipped tubercles and irregular depressions, usually including an arcuate depression in basal half; elytral puncturation irregular, without distinct striae but partially seriate in some C. insignis; discal punctures deep and vertically walled with transparent shiny bases and pair of shiny tubercles laterally on rim (absent in C. conani); elytral sutural margin elevated in apical third; elytral epipleuron narrow, width &lt;0.2x elytral width, entirely visible laterally, slightly sinuate, gradually contracted from base to apex but upper margin erased at base, below humeri; mesoventrite entirely visible, well-developed, punctured, anterior without procoxal rests, posterior with elongate and parallel-sided median process strongly raised to truncate apex; wings fully developed, with two closed cells in anal field; metaventrite densely punctured and microreticulate except at midline, transverse, width about 3x length, without femoral plates, anterior with complete margination and without median depression, inner edge of margin not crenulate; metepisternum flat, densely punctured and microreticulate, posterior apex thin, slotting into groove at base of abdomen; all femora clavate, ovate in cross-section, with basal half thin and apical half expanded, with paired longitudinal keels on inner and outer faces of basal half; all tibiae oval in mid cross-section, with abruptly expanded apices; metatibiae with shallow irregular to deep regular lateral longitudinal grooves, defining keels when grooves are deep and regular; metatibiae thin and elongated to short and robust; 1 minute spur at apex of protibia, 2 minute spurs at apices of other tibiae (spurs small and often broken off); all first tarsomeres ventrally with dense setae, mostly apically directed in males, diverging from midline in females; apices of first and second tarsomeres broadly concave; apex of third tarsomere shallowly excavate at middle, depth 0.2–0.1x length of tarsomere; claws bifid, internal tooth acute and about half length external tooth.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 36, 37, 43–76): pygidium (tergite 7) with basal half membranous, apical half densely pubescent and punctured, without median groove, and apex strongly sclerotised; all ventrites punctured and pubescent, densely on ventrite V; all ventrites entirely laterally margined; ventrite I with truncate intercoxal process and without femoral plates; ventrites I and II completely fused; ventrites III–IV generally shorter at midline in male; ventrite V smooth, not medially depressed; male tergite VIII strongly sclerotised with strongly reflexed anterior edge, sternite VIII (spiculum relictum) membranous, not distinguishable; sternite IX (spiculum gastrale) of male Y-shaped, but left branch always distinctly shorter than right branch; male tegmen present, almost enclosing penis, Y- shaped, thinly sclerotised and with distinct internal median keel; penis simple, flattened-tubular and strongly reflexed in apical half (bent at 45–90°, or strongly curved), apex sparsely microspiculate, basal foramen 0.4–0.5x length of penis; vas deferens with long thickened sperm pump; female tergite VIII well-developed, sternite VIII laterally and apically membranous, with elongate basal apodeme; ovipositor with thin sclerite wrapped around base of well-developed paraprocts, which partly enclose basal half of palpi, pair of well-defined elongate proctigers dorsal to these; vaginal palpi 2-segmented, gonocoxite massive, not divided, gonostylus small and conical, apically situated; membranous pad between gonocoxites with elongate but poorly defined sclerite (the median ventral sclerite); spermatheca falciform, surface smooth, with moderately long coiled or uncoiled spermathecal duct; kotpresse present as complete ring of sparse spinules, without well-defined dense dorsal and ventral patches of spinules.</p><p>Notes. Sexual dimorphism is slight, however males are easily distinguished by having apically expanded last maxillary palpomeres compared with the simply ovate female last maxillary palpomeres. Males are also smaller on average, with larger cephalic sensory organs (antennae longer and thicker, eyes proportionally slightly larger) and first tarsomeres slightly broader.</p><p>In Cheiloxena there is little interspecific variation in ventral structures, such as the thorax and abdominal sclerites, in contrast to other spilopyrine genera such as Macrolema Baly, 1861, and Spilopyra (Reid &amp; Beatson 2010a, 2010b). Our species diagnosis is mostly based on variation in antennal structure, tubercles and lobes on the pronotum and elytra, and on the genitalia. As in other Spilopyrinae, interspecific genitalic variation is slight. Molecular study of this genus has not been attempted and is hampered by rarity of the species.</p><p>Distribution and biology. Cheiloxena is endemic to Australia, where it occurs on the eastern ranges and coastal plains (2–1400 m elevation) from southern Victoria to south-central Queensland at Kroombit Tops (Figs 77, 78). It is absent from Tasmania. All species are fully winged and Cheiloxena species are occasionally collected at light. Almost all Cheiloxena specimens have been collected from October to February, especially the summer months of November to January, and the sex ratio is approximately 1:1. All species of Cheiloxena appear to be cryptically coloured and therefore may be hiding on dead branches or in leaf litter during the day.</p><p>Cheiloxena species are mostly restricted to temperate or cool temperate forest in southeastern Australia, unlike other Australian spilopyrines, which occur in tropical or subtropical rainforests (Reid &amp; Beatson 2010a, 2010b, 2011). The life history of Cheiloxena is poorly known. Several specimens of C. westwoodii Baly were collected on Astrotricha latifolia (Araliaceae) and kept alive in a laboratory, where they fed on this plant but failed to lay eggs. Astrotricha species are generally uncommon in eastern Australia (Hnatiuk 1990; Anonymous 2017). Feeding on Araliaceae is extremely rare in Chrysomelidae, with only three other genera recorded feeding on this family, in Chrysomelinae and Lamprosomatinae (Jolivet and Hawkeswood 1995). Astrotricha may be the host of all Cheiloxena species as all localities for the beetle are known to have Astrotricha present (Hnatiuk 1990; Anonymous 2017) and both plant and beetle are absent from Tasmania. However, three specimens of C. frenchae were collected on Lomatia fraseri (Proteaceae) and a leaf of this plant was partly chewed by two of them in captivity. The female C. frenchae laid three eggs, each covered in faecal material, but these eggs failed to hatch. A single specimen of the new species similar to C. frenchae was collected from Lomatia arborescens in northern New South Wales. The distribution of Lomatia is similar to Astrotricha but includes Tasmania (Hnatiuk 1990; Anonymous 2017) and it also occurs in South America (Stevens 2017). Lomatia leaves have long trichomes (Gonzalez et al., 2004), like Astrotricha leaves, and trichomes are known to provide defence against eruciform insect larvae (Kariyat et al., 2017). Three species of Cheiloxena have also been collected from foliage of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae), which lacks trichomes, and there are single records on other plants, but all without evidence of feeding. Larvae of Cheiloxena remain unknown. The failure, so far, to find larvae of Cheiloxena may indicate that the larvae have a different biology to other spilopyrine genera, all of which are known, however larvae of this subfamily are generally nocturnal and rarely collected ( Bohumiljania: Reid &amp; Beatson 2011; Dorymolpus: Elgueta, Daccordi &amp; Zoia 2014; Hornius: Jerez 1996; Macrolema: Reid &amp; Beatson 2010a; Richmondia: undescribed, but reared by one of the authors (CAMR); Spilopyra: Reid &amp; Beatson 2010b; Stenomela: Jerez 1996).</p><p>Three of the species of Cheiloxena have been fairly commonly collected, the other five are represented by 23 specimens in collections. Cheiloxena blackburni Reid, 1992, is only known from a small amount of old material (most recent dated specimen = 1935), without detailed locality, and may reasonably be considered ‘Endangered’ in conservation status (International Union for Conservation of Nature 2012). Records of several identifiable Cheiloxena species are available from detailed photographic records posted on websites. The amateur photographer-naturalist community provides a valuable service posting images of these rarely seen animals, for which we are very grateful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B70FF87FF1AF9A805AA5B6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
2A2D13766B79FF89FF1AFA3B05385A2B.text	2A2D13766B79FF89FF1AFA3B05385A2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena aitori Reid & Beatson 2018	<div><p>Cheiloxena aitori sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 3, 13, 22, 31, 43, 52, 62, 69, 77)</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.41667/lat -30.483334)">Material</a> examined. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.41667/lat -30.483334)">Types</a>: Holotype: Ƌ/ 30°29’S 152°25’E Point Lookout area New England NP 16–18.xi.1990 A. Calder (ANIC) ; Paratypes (7): ♂ / Berarngutta picnic area, New England NP, mv light , 1.xii.2016, R de Keyzer, A. Scott &amp; A. Sundholm (AMS); ♂ / Ebor xii.1939 Colonel Morisset / (AMS); ♂, ♀ / Little Styx R., nr Ebor NSW ii.1972 T. E. Bellas / Cheiloxena ? frenchi Blbn det B. P. Moore / (ANIC); ♀ / New England NP , 3–4.i.1966 CN Smithers (AMS); 2♂ */ 30°29’S 152°25’E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=152.41667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 152.41667/lat -30.483334)">Point Lookout area</a> New England NP 16–18.xi.1990, T. A. Weir, sweeping foliage (ANIC).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cheiloxena aitori is distinguished by: upper and lower surfaces scaled; anterior margin of clypeus truncate; pronotum with almost parallel paired ridges; hypomeral lobe smooth, without scales; apical half of elytra conspicuously tuberculate with largest tubercles adjacent to each other and arranged in a transverse row.</p><p>Description. Length: male 9–10.5 mm (Holotype: 10 mm), female 11–12 mm; body moderately convex in profile, length about 3x height; colour black, except tubercles and ridges may be dark reddish-brown, and maxillary and labial palpi reddish-brown; almost entirely clothed with adpressed white to cream scale-like setae (length 3– 4x width), not distinctly variegated in colour, setae not thinner on depressed areas of pronotum and elytra, thinner on anterior of clypeus, apices of mandibles, legs, apex of abdominal ventrite V, and antennomeres 1–7, absent from antennomeres 8–11 (with minute simple setae only); scale-like setae distributed as follows: almost evenly on head but clypeal margins glabrous; almost evenly on pronotum but slightly sparser on depressed areas and absent from apices of ridges; scutellum clothed with thin setae; elytra with irregular mosaic of dense patches and more sparsely setose areas, larger tubercles with elongate semi-erect creamy-white setae; ventral surfaces with dense white adpressed setae except thin and sparse on apical half of ventrite V, setae of appendages thin but dense (except antennomeres 8–11); surface sculpture: head except clypeal margins, pronotum and metaventrite densely punctured and microreticulate, relatively shining, elytra and rest of thoracic venter, including pronotal hypomera, dull, more sparsely punctate but densely microsculptured; clypeal margins, apices of tubercles and ridges, and abdominal ventrites shining and not distinctly microsculptured.</p><p>Head (Figs 3, 13, 22): distinctly narrower than pronotum in both sexes; densely and slightly confluently punctured, punctures small, intervals dull and microsculptured, except narrow impunctate shining frontoclypeal sutures, apical margin of clypeus, and margin of antennal cavities; convex between eyes, feebly convex between antennae; eyes slightly laterally prominent, separated by about 4 eye widths (male) or 4.5 eye widths (female); gena at shortest point about 0.4x eye length (male) to about 0.5x eye length (female); genal lobe 2x (male) to 1.25x (female) shortest length of gena; antennae 3x (male) to 4x (female) socket diameters apart; antennae about 0.65x body length (male), or about 0.55x body length (female); antennomeres 1–7 dull with shining apices, 8–11 matt; antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 slightly transverse 0.5–0.7x length of 1, 0.25–0.3x length of 3, relative lengths of antennomeres with 3 longest and 7 next, in both sexes, and middle segments of unequal lengths: male: 2, &lt;1, &lt;8, &lt;9, &lt;10, &lt;4, &lt;5=6, &lt;11, &lt;7, &lt;3; female: 2, &lt;1, &lt;8=9, &lt;4=10, &lt;11, &lt;6, &lt;5, &lt;7, &lt;3; clypeus with 2–3 pairs of long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin truncate; male apical maxillary palpomere broadly ovoid with truncate apex.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 3, 13, 22, 31): sides bulging laterally at middle, but without clear distinction between dorsal and ventral (hypomeral) areas of pronotum, except hypomeral lobe glabrous and impunctate; pronotal puncturation similar to head, except depressed parts of disc sparsely punctured; interspaces lightly microsculptured on disc, slightly shiny, densely microsculptured and dull at sides; pronotum slightly wider than long (measured at midline), length 0.95x width, greatest width usually at middle, sometimes also at anterior angles, sides weakly sinuate; anterior angles prominent, acute (45°); anterior margin produced, concave at middle; sides without tubercles; basal margin feebly convex; pronotal disc with two prominent subparallel keels from middle to anterior margin, symmetrically convex in lateral view, sharper in anterior half; remainder of disc unevenly surfaced, concave apicolaterally and either side of small postmedian swelling; hypomeron and prosternum densely punctured and pubescent, as pronotum, except hypomeral lobe smooth and glabrous; scutellum punctured and setose, as pronotum; elytra irregularly scaled, forming a network of pale flecks; elytron conspicuously tuberculate, the variably sized shiny tipped tubercles arranged in approximately 4 clusters close to the suture, from base to apex, as follows: first (basal) with 1 large conical tubercle; second (median) with 1 large conical tubercle; third (subapical) with 2 large adjacent conical tubercles; fourth (apical) with 2–3 conspicuous but smaller tubercles, partly fused; small tubercles scattered at base and sides of elytron; elytral disc shallowly arcuately depressed in basal half, posterior to humerus, and concave at sides of middle; elytral punctures large, similar diameter to pronotal punctures but much deeper, and sparse, separated by 1–1.5x diameters; interspaces dull, densely microsculptured; elytral punctures on disc with two small shining tubercles laterally on rim; elytral apex narrowly truncate or concave; epipleuron finely and shallowly punctured with scale-like pubescence; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite dull, microsculptured, strongly punctured and clothed with recumbent scales, except midline impunctate and shining; metatibiae with shallow irregular lateral longitudinal grooves, thin and elongated; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 depressed, protarsomeres 1–3 slightly broader at base in male than female.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 43, 52, 62, 69): ventrite I shinier than thoracic ventrites but closely and strongly punctured and microreticulate; II–V densely punctured, shiny and shallowly microreticulate throughout; ventrite pubescence recumbent, scale-like, but much narrower on ventrite V, erect setae only present on apical half of ventrite V; apex ventrite V feebly convex in both sexes; apex of penis contracted to mucronate tip in dorsal view, apex thin, elongate and strongly curved in lateral view; tegminal keel shallowly sinuate in lateral view; female sternite VIII apodeme short and narrow, apical sclerotised area as long as wide, with angularly bilobed apex; apex of outer margin of gonocoxite with several long setae; stylus only slightly elongate; median ventral sclerite elongate, only lateral margins distinctly sclerotised; spermatheca falcate, acutely tipped, with simple uncoiled duct.</p><p>Etymology. Named for Aitor, youngest son of one of the authors (M. Beatson).</p><p>Notes. Cheiloxena aitori is endemic to the New England National Park area (Fig. 77), occuring in the cool temperate rainforest and wet heathland near the escarpment edge, at approximately 1500 m elevation. The placename Ebor on an old specimen probably refers to this town because it is the nearest settlement to the escarpment. Ebor is unlikely to be a collection locality as it is surrounded by quite different habitat (dry woodland). Faecal material in the gut of a dissected male largely consisted of densely packed fragmented trichomes. A specimen of this species was photographed on a leaf of Lomatia arborescens (Proteaceae) (identified by one of the authors, C. Reid) at the type locality, by Adam Ślipiński (pers. comm., February 2018). Cheiloxena aitori has been collected at light.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B79FF89FF1AFA3B05385A2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
2A2D13766B7BFF88FF1AFD9A01F75CDA.text	2A2D13766B7BFF88FF1AFD9A01F75CDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena blackburni Reid 1992	<div><p>Cheiloxena blackburni Reid, 1992</p><p>(Figs 4, 14, 23, 32, 44, 53, 63, 70, 77)</p><p>Cheiloxena blackburni Reid 1992: 102 (type locality: Blackheath, NSW)</p><p>Material examined. Types: Paratypes (5): Ƌ/ Blue Mts N. S. Wales/ E. W. Ferguson collection/ Cheiloxena sp. W. K. Hughes det./ Cheiloxena blackburni Reid / AN25 001071/ (ANIC); ♀/ Blue Mts N. S. Wales/E. W. Ferguson collection/ Cheiloxena sp. W. K. Hughes det./ Cheiloxena blackburni Reid / AN25 001072/ (ANIC); ♀/ Blue Mts N. S. Wales/E. W. Ferguson collection/ Cheiloxena sp. W. K. Hughes det./ Cheiloxena blackburni Reid / AN25 001073/ (ANIC); ♀/ Blue Mts N. S. Wales/ Cheiloxena sp. not insignis not westwoodi E. B. Britton det/ Cheiloxena blackburni Reid / AN25 001074/ (ANIC); ♀*/ Blue Mts N. S. Wales/ John Carter/ Cheiloxena ? frenchae Blackb. / Cheiloxena blackburni Reid / AN25 001075/ (ANIC).</p><p>Non-types: ♀/ Kosc. 12.i.1935 / student’s collection/ (AMS); 2♂*/ Blue Mts/ Cheiloxena westwoodi Blue Mts NSW/ ex H. W. Brown coll./ (AMS).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cheiloxena blackburni is distinguished by: upper and lower surfaces scaled; anterior margin of clypeus truncate; pronotum with posteriorly divergent paired ridges; hypomeral lobe rugose, without scales; apical half of elytra with small inconspicuous tubercles.</p><p>Description. Length: male 10.5–11 mm, female 12–15 mm; body moderately convex in profile, length about 3x height; colour dark brown to almost black, except labrum and legs dark reddish-brown; entirely sparsely clothed with short adpressed scale-like setae (length 3– 4x width and about equal to puncture diameters), setae thinner and sparser on appendages and apical ventrites; pronotum and elytra dull, punctate and densely microsculptured, except shining apices of tubercles and ridges.</p><p>Head (Figs 4, 14, 23): as wide as pronotum (male) or distinctly narrower than pronotum (female); densely and slightly confluently punctured, intervals shining not or feebly microsculptured; narrow impunctate smooth area around antennal cavities; elevated between eyes, but flat between antennae, without grooves on vertex including midline; eyes small, slightly laterally prominent, separated by about 4 eye widths (male) or about 7 eye widths (female); gena at shortest point about 0.4x eye length (male) or about 0.6x eye length (female); genal lobe 0.75x shortest length gena; antennae about 4x socket diameters apart; antennae about 0.75x body length (male), or about 0.6x body length (female); antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 transverse &lt;0.5x length 1, &lt;0.3x length 3, relative lengths of antennomeres with 3 longest and 7 next, in both sexes and most middle segments of similar length: 2 shortest, &lt;1, &lt;4=6=8=9=10, &lt;5, &lt;11, &lt;7, &lt;3; clypeus with 2–3 pairs of long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin truncate; male apical maxillary palpomere elongate-ovate with truncate apex.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 4, 14, 23, 32): pronotal sides almost vertical, no clear distinction between dorsal and ventral (hypomeral) areas of pronotum; pronotal puncturation as head, except interspaces dull; pronotal width 1.03x length (length almost equal width), greatest width at anterior third and sides weakly sinuate; anterior angles prominent, 60°; anterior margin produced but concave at middle; lateral margins without tubercles or lobes; basal margin weakly convex; pronotal disc with pair of narrow elevated oblique ridges from sides of middle to anterior margin, ridges splayed laterally towards posterior, abruptly terminating posteriorly in lateral view, disc with low swelling near base of midline, and laterally uneven; hypomeron and prosternum closely punctured and scaled, as pronotum, except hypomeral lobe rugose and glabrous; scutellum punctured and setose, as pronotum; elytral scale-like setae in irregular patches; elytron tuberculate, the irregularly sized shiny tipped tubercles arranged in 4 longitudinal rows, as follows: first (innermost) with 7–10 small tubercles, largest posterior to humerus; second with 5–8 small tubercles, largest level with apex of hind femur; third starting on inner surface of humerus, with 5–10 small tubercles; fourth starting on outer surface of humerus, with 5–8 small tubercles; elytral disc shallowly transversely depressed in basal half, posterior to humerus; elytral punctures large, about 1.5x pronotal puncture diameters, and sparse, separated by 1–1.5x diameters, interspaces dull, microsculptured; elytral punctures on disc with two small shining tubercles laterally on rim; elytral apex narrowly truncate; epipleuron finely and shallowly punctured with scale-like pubescence; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite shining, not or shallowly microsculptured, sparsely punctured and scaled, except midline impunctate for posterior 2/3; metatibiae with shallow irregular lateral longitudinal grooves, thin and elongated; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 depressed; protarsomeres 1–3 slightly broader at base in male than female.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 44, 53, 63, 70): ventrite I smooth and shining at middle, closely and strongly punctured and microreticulate at sides; II–V densely punctured, shining at middle but shallowly microreticulate, dull at sides; ventrite pubescence recumbent, scale-like throughout, erect setae only present on apical margin of ventrite V; apex of ventrite V convex in both sexes; apex of penis contracted to blunt mucronate tip in dorsal view, apex thin and elongate in lateral view; tegminal keel shallowly sinuate in lateral view; female sternite VIII apodeme short and broad, apical sclerotised area triangular, longer than wide, apex bilobed with rounded lobes; apex of outer margin of gonocoxite with several long setae; stylus only slightly elongate; median ventral sclerite elongate, only lateral margins distinctly sclerotised; spermatheca falcate, acutely tipped, with simple uncoiled duct.</p><p>Notes. Cheiloxena blackburni is only known from the Blue Mountains, NSW (Fig. 77, including aditional localities from Reid 1992), Kosciuszko National Park region (a specimen labelled 'Kosc.'), at least 250 km further south, and a single specimen from Balook, Victoria, in MVM (Reid 1992). We think the Balook specimen was mislabelled by Charles Oke, former curator of the MVM entomology collection. Balook is a lowland site with quite different vegetation from Blackheath in the Blue Mountains, which is the only other definitive locality for this species. There is a similar label problem for a specimen of C. insignis (see below). The 'Kosc' female is lacking its abdomen and is without detailed locality information.</p><p>All of the known specimens of Cheiloxena blackburni are old, mostly from the collections of E. W. Ferguson (1884–1927), H. W. Brown (1883–1958) and H. J. Carter (1858–1940) (Daniels 2004). Only one is dated, anonymously collected in January 1935 (the 'Kosc' specimen). In the unlikely event Brown collected his specimens in the last year of his life, the most recent collection date for this large beetle species is 1958, at least 60 years ago.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B7BFF88FF1AFD9A01F75CDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
2A2D13766B7AFF8FFF1AFACA012B5F7E.text	2A2D13766B7AFF8FFF1AFACA012B5F7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena conani Reid & Beatson 2018	<div><p>Cheiloxena conani sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 5, 15, 24, 45, 54, 64, 71, 77)</p><p>Material examined. Types: Holotype: ♂*/ Rockhampton, HW Brown (AMS); Paratypes (4): f*/ Rockhampton, HW Brown (AMS); ♂*, ♀*/ Kroombit Tops, Northern escarp., 45k SSW Calliope, open for., 3–4.ii.1984, Monteith, Hagan &amp; Yeates (QMB); f/ Qld 26°04’S 150°49’E Wonga Hills site 3, 520m 11.xii.2001 10257 Monteith, Cook &amp; Wright mv light, vine scrub/ (QMB).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cheiloxena conani is distinguished by: upper and lower surfaces scaled; anterior margin of clypeus deeply excavate; pronotum without dorsal ridges but with large lateral lobes; apical half of elytra without conspicuous tubercles; elytral surface without erect setae.</p><p>Description. Length: male 13–15.5 mm (Holotype: 13 mm), female 14–15.5 mm; body moderately convex in profile, length about 3x height; colour dull black, tarsi and antennae usually dark brown, maxillary palpi dark reddish-brown; entirely clothed with adpressed scale-like setae (length 3– 4x width), setae patchily distributed on elytra, thinner and sparser on appendages and apical ventrites; surface sculpture: head, pronotum and elytra dull, punctate and densely microsculptured, except shining apices of tubercles and ridges.</p><p>Head (Figs 5, 15, 24): distinctly narrower than pronotum in both sexes, width 0.8x (male) or 0.7x (female) pronotal width; middle of vertex slightly elevated; densely punctured (separated by &lt;1 diameter) except sparser on middle of vertex in two specimens (separated by 1–2 diameters); narrow impunctate smooth area around antennal cavities; slightly convex between eyes, but flat between antennae, without groove on vertex but midline smooth in two specimens; eyes small, elongate-reniform, strongly laterally prominent, separated by about 4 eye widths in both sexes; gena at shortest point about half eye length in both sexes; genal lobe about 1.5x shortest length gena; antennae 6–7 socket diameters apart; antennae about 0.7x body length (male), or about 0.6x body length (female); all antennomeres dull, 1–7 sparsely and coarsely setose, 8–11 densely and finely setose; antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 quadrate 0.5x length 1, &lt;0.3x length 3, relative lengths of antennomeres with 3 longest and 11 next, in both sexes, and most middle segments of similar length: 2 shortest, &lt;1, &lt;6, &lt;4=5=7, &lt;8, &lt;9=10, &lt;11, &lt;3; clypeus without long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin semicircularly excavate; male apical maxillary palpomere elongate-ovate with truncate apex.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 5, 15, 24, 33): pronotal sides almost vertical in posterior half, no clear distinction between dorsal and ventral (hypomeral) areas of pronotum, but with roughly equilateral triangular extension just anterior to middle and 1–2 low tubercles on a ridge from this extension to anterior angles; pronotal disc irregularly surfaced, with pair of low shining tubercles anteriorly reaching anterior pronotal margin, midline depressed for anterior 2/3 but with low swelling posteriorly, sides deeply depressed; pronotal punctures large, close to dense, separated by 0.2–1.5 puncture diameters; pronotum with fairly evenly distributed scale-like setae, as head, interspaces dull and densely microreticulate; pronotum clearly transverse, width 1.3x length (male) to 1.4x (female), greatest width at lateral triangular lobe, sides concave behind this; anterior angles prominently anteriorly produced, 80°; anterior edge produced but concave at middle, basal edge weakly convex; hypomeron and prosternum densely punctured and pubescent as pronotum, except hypomeral lobe rugose and glabrous; scutellum punctured and apically shining, but more densely scaled than pronotum; elytra with scales irregularly distributed, forming a patchwork of glabrous and scaled areas, the latter sometimes denser forming pale spots; elytron tuberculate, but shiny tipped tubercles small not distinctly elevated, irregularly arranged in approximately 4 longitudinal rows, as follows: first (innermost) with 7–10 small tubercles; second with 5–8 small tubercles, usually with largest level with apex hind femur; third starting on inner surface of humerus, with 5–10 small tubercles; fourth starting on outer surface of humerus, with 5–8 small tubercles; elytral disc not or feebly transversely depressed in basal half, posterior to humerus; elytral punctures large (same as pronotal punctures) and deep, sparsely but evenly distributed, separated by 1.5– 2x diameters, interspaces dull, microsculptured; each elytral puncture with one small dull tubercle on anterior surface and small seta inside; elytral apex rounded; epipleuron finely and shallowly punctured with scale-like pubescence; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite dull, densely punctured and scaled, except shining and sparsely punctured midline; metatibiae with shallow irregular lateral longitudinal grooves, short and robust; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 not depressed; protarsomeres 1–3 equally narrow at base in both sexes.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 45, 54, 64, 71): ventrites I–V entirely dull, microreticulate; I more closely and strongly punctured at middle (interspaces less than or equal to puncture diameters), sparsely punctured at sides (interspaces much greater than puncture diameters); puncturation of II–IV similar to I; ventrite V densely and rugosely punctured; ventrite pubescence recumbent and scale-like, fine erect setae only present on apical margin of ventrite V; apex of ventrite V truncate in male, with thickened edge, convex in female; apex of penis contracted to mucronate tip in dorsal view, apex thick and short in lateral view; tegminal keel shallowly convex in lateral view; female sternite VIII apodeme short and narrow, apical sclerotised area triangular, about as long as wide, apex truncate; setae at apex of gonocoxite short and inconspicuous; stylus elongate, length twice width; median ventral sclerite elongate-triangular, distinctly sclerotised; spermatheca falcate, acutely tipped, with simple uncoiled duct.</p><p>Etymology. Named for Conan, eldest son of M. Beatson.</p><p>Notes. Cheiloxena conani has been collected from two upland localities in central and south Queensland, Kroombit Tops and Wonga Hills (Fig. 77). Kroombit Tops, an isolated low massif (930 m elevation), is unusual for its relatively temperate flora and fauna at 24° S (Monteith 1986). The old specimens labelled ‘Rockhampton’ by Brown may have been collected at Kroombit Tops (115 km south of Rockhampton) or possibly in the lower elevation hills 50 km south of Rockhampton (maximum elevation 746m) (G. Monteith, pers. com. 2013). The other locality, Wonga Hills, is a plateau at about 300 m elevation with low hills up to 550 m elevation, with large blocks of vine-thicket rainforest and eucalypt forest. The Wonga Hills site is 185 km south of Kroombit Tops. The two most recently collected specimens were at light, in vine thicket and open forest, in December and February.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B7AFF8FFF1AFACA012B5F7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
2A2D13766B67FF94FF1AFF6107A45C07.text	2A2D13766B67FF94FF1AFF6107A45C07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena frenchae Blackburn. Not 1893	<div><p>Cheiloxena frenchae Blackburn, 1893</p><p>(Figs 2, 6, 16, 25, 33, 46, 55, 65, 72, 77)</p><p>Cheiloxena frenchae Blackburn 1893: 138 (type locality: Latrobe River District, Victoria)</p><p>Material examined. Types: Holotype: ♀ */ Latrobe R Dist Vict/ Cheiloxena frenchae Blackb. Victoria / Nat. Mus . Victoria C. French’s coll 5.11.08 / type / type T-9752 Cheiloxena frenchi [sic] Blkb./ (MVM).</p><p>Nontypes (2): Ƌ*, ♀*/ VIC, Cambarville, by picnic grounds, 37.559817S 145.883788E on Lomatia fraseri, det CR, 26.i.2016, M. Lagerway / (AMS).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cheiloxena frenchae is distinguished by: upper and lower surfaces scaled; anterior margin of clypeus truncate; pronotum with almost parallel paired ridges; hypomeral lobe rugose, with scales at base; apical half of elytra conspicuously tuberculate with largest tubercles arranged in a transverse row.</p><p>Description. Length: male 9.5 mm, female 12.5–15.5 mm; body moderately convex in profile, length about 3x height; colour black, except maxillary and labial palpi reddish-brown; almost entirely clothed with adpressed white to brown scale-like setae (length 3– 5x width), but not distinctly variegated in colour, setae not thinner on depressed areas of pronotum and elytra, thinner on anterior of clypeus, apices of mandibles, prosternal and mesoventral processes, legs, apex of abdominal ventrite V, and antennomeres 1–7, absent from antennomeres 8–11 (with simple setae only); scale-like setae distributed almost evenly on head but clypeal margins glabrous, almost evenly on pronotum but slightly sparser on depressed areas and absent from apices of ridges, densely on scutellum, and irregularly on elytra with mosaic of dense patches and more sparsely setose areas and larger tubercles withelongate semi-erect brown setae at apices; ventral surfaces with dense white adpressed setae except thin setae on ventrite V, setae of appendages thin but dense; surface sculpture: head except clypeal margins, pronotum and metaventrite densely punctured and microreticulate, relatively shining, elytra and rest of thoracic venter, including pronotal hypomera, dull, more sparsely punctate but densely microsculptured; clypeal margins, apices of tubercles and ridges, and abdominal ventrites shining and not distinctly microsculptured.</p><p>Head (Figs 2, 6, 16, 25): slightly narrower than pronotum in both sexes, head width 0.95x pronotal width; closely but not confluently punctured, punctures small, intervals shiny and not conspicuously microsculptured, and with narrow impunctate shining frontoclypeal sutures, apicolateral margin of clypeus, and margins of antennal cavities; convex between eyes, flat between antennae; eyes laterally prominent, separated by about 4 eye widths (male) or 5 eye widths (female); gena at shortest point about 0.3x eye length (male) to about 0.5x eye length (female); genal lobe 2x (male) to equal (female) shortest length of gena; antennae 3x (male) to 4x (female) socket diameters apart; antennae about 0.8x body length (male), or about 0.6x body length (female); antennomeres 1–6 dull with shining apices, apex of 7 and 8–11 entirely matt; antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 slightly transverse, 0.5x length of 1, 0.25x length of 3, relative lengths of antennomeres with 3 longest and 7 next, in both sexes, and middle segments of unequal lengths: male: 2, &lt;1, &lt;8, &lt;9=10, &lt;4, &lt;6, &lt;5, &lt;11, &lt;7, &lt;3; female: 2, &lt;1=8, &lt;9=10, &lt;6, &lt;4=11, &lt;5, &lt;7, &lt;3; clypeus with 2–3 pairs of long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin truncate; male apical maxillary palpomere broadly ovoid with truncate apex.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 2, 6, 16, 25, 33, 42): sides slightly swollen laterally at middle, no clear distinction between dorsal and ventral (hypomeral) areas of pronotum; pronotal puncturation similar to head, except punctures slightly larger on average; interspaces lightly microsculptured, slightly shiny; pronotum slightly longer (measured at midline) than wide, length 1.05x width, greatest width at anterior angles and middle, sides weakly sinuate; anterior angles prominent, acute (45°); anterior margin produced, concave at middle; sides without tubercles; basal margin feebly convex; pronotal disc with two prominent subparallel keels from middle to anterior margin, asymmetrically convex in lateral view with shorter strongly curved anterior slope and longer straight posterior slope, sharp in anterior half; remainder of disc unevenly surfaced, concave apicolaterally and either side of small postmedian swelling; hypomeron and prosternum densely punctured and pubescent, as pronotum, with shiny interspaces, except most of hypomeral lobe glabrous and rugose (base of lobe with punctures and scales); scutellum punctured and setose, as pronotum; elytra fairly evenly scaled, but tendency to form pale flecks; elytron conspicuously tuberculate, with variably sized shiny tipped tubercles arranged in approximately 4 clusters close to suture, from base to apex, as follows: first (basal) with 1 large posteriorly directed tubercle; second (median) with 1 small conical tubercle; third (subapical) with 2 adjacent massive conical tubercles, larger than others; fourth (apical) with 3 conspicuous but small tubercles, well-separated and arranged as a triangle; small tubercles scattered at base and sides of elytron; elytral disc shallowly arcuately depressed in basal half, posterior to humerus, and slightly concave at sides of middle; elytral punctures large, diameters 1.5– 2x width pronotal punctures and much deeper, and slightly sparser, separated by 1–1.5x diameters; interspaces dull, densely microsculptured; discal elytral punctures with two small shining tubercles laterally on rim; elytral apex narrowly truncate; epipleuron finely and shallowly punctured, with scale-like pubescence; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite shiny but distinctly microsculptured, densely punctured and scaled, except midline impunctate and shining; metatibiae with shallow irregular lateral longitudinal grooves, thin and elongated; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 depressed; protarsomeres 1–3 equally narrow at base in both sexes.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 46, 55, 65, 72, 77): ventrites I–V closely and strongly punctured, interspaces shiny and shallowly microreticulate throughout; ventrite pubescence recumbent, scale-like, but much narrower on ventrite V, which has erect setae at apex; apex of ventrite V narrowly truncate in male, convex in female; apex of penis contracted to blunt mucronate tip in dorsal view, apex thin and elongate in lateral view, and strongly curved; tegminal keel shallowly sinuate in lateral view, proximal tip slightly expanded and bilobed; female sternite VIII apodeme short and broad, apical sclerotised area about as long as wide, with narrow lateral arms, apex truncate; apex of outer margin of gonocoxite with several long setae; stylus only slightly elongate; median ventral sclerite elongate, only lateral margins distinctly sclerotised; spermatheca falcate, acutely tipped, with simple, short, uncoiled duct.</p><p>Notes. The previous description of this species was based on a combination of the female holotype and a male from NSW which we now regard as a separate species ( C. monga, see below). Our description therefore represents the first correct description of the male.</p><p>Cheiloxena frenchae is restricted to the hills east of Melbourne, Victoria, at 900–1200 m elevation. Specimens of C. frenchae at Cambarville have been photographed live, including the material we have dissected (Lagerwey 2016a; Monaghan 2018). They were observed feeding on Lomatia fraseri (Proteaceae) and sent live to us in Sydney with leaves of this plant. The female laid typical spilopyrine faeces-covered eggs, which failed to hatch. Another live specimen has been photographed at Mt Donna Buang, Victoria (Fig. 2; Monaghan 2018).</p><p>Cheiloxena frenchae is attracted to lights at night (Monaghan 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B67FF94FF1AFF6107A45C07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
2A2D13766B66FF9AFF1AFB7105D65AB6.text	2A2D13766B66FF9AFF1AFB7105D65AB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena insignis Blackburn 1896	<div><p>Cheiloxena insignis Blackburn, 1896</p><p>(Figs 7, 8, 17, 35, 39, 40, 47, 56, 57, 65, 72, 77)</p><p>Cheiloxena insignis Blackburn, 1896: 39 (type locality: Healesville, Victoria).</p><p>Material examined. Non-types (13): Australia: unlocalised: ♀/ Australie par Glason/ Cheiloxena insignis Black. / Museum Paris coll. H. Clavareau 1932/ (MHNP); ♀/ Cheiloxena westwoodii Baly / ex museo H. W. Bates 1892/ Museum Paris ex coll. R. Oberthur/ (MHNP); New South Wales: ♂/ Mittagong, Nov, C Oke (MVM); Victoria: Ƌ, 2♀*/ Victoria French/ Cheiloxena insignis Black. / Museum Paris coll. H. Clavareau 1932/ (MHNP); ♂/ Ferntree Gully, 16.x.1927, FE Wilson (ANIC); ♂*/ Lake Mountain, 26.i.2016, M Lagerway (AMS); ♀*/ Launching Place 9.ii.1903 / C. insignis f det C. Reid/ (MVM); ♂/ Millgrove 20.xi.1927 FE Wilson (ANIC); ♂/ Monbulk 4.x.1901 Jarvis (SAM); ♀/ Monbulk 7.x.1902 Jarvis (SAM); ♂*/ One Tree Gully VIC Ferntree Gully 14.x.1979 A [could be Acacia or Allocasuarina !] verticillata R. Patterson F110/ (ANIC).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cheiloxena insignis is distinguished by: upper and lower surfaces setose, not scaled; anterior margin of clypeus deeply excavate; pronotum without dorsal ridges but with 1–2 lateral tubercles; apical half of elytra not conspicuously tuberculate; elytral surface with erect setae.</p><p>Description. Length: male 7–9 mm, female 8–10.5 mm; body relatively flat in profile, length about 3.2x height; colour dull to shining black, tibiae, tarsi and maxillary palpi, sometimes antennomeres 8–11 and apex elytra, dark reddish-brown; with adpressed thick white setae (not scales), sparsely distributed on head, pronotum and venter, in discrete lateral and preapical patches on elytra; surface sculpture extremely variable: head and pronotum shining but often shallowly microreticulate; elytral background sculpture shining to dull, depending on depth of microreticulation, but apices of tubercles always smooth and shining, elytral punctures semi-striate or scattered.</p><p>Head (Figs 7, 8, 17, 35, 39, 40): distinctly narrower than pronotum in both sexes, width 0.9x (male) or 0.8x (female) pronotal width; densely punctured (punctures separated by about 1 diameter); with sparse white hair-like setae, denser at sides; narrow impunctate smooth area around antennal cavities; vertex and frons elevated between eyes, and flat to concave between antennae, without midline groove posteriorly but midline smooth in some specimens; eyes small, elongate-reniform, strongly laterally prominent, separated by 6 eye widths in male, 7 eye widths in female; gena at shortest point about 2/3 eye length in both sexes; genal lobe about 1.3x shortest length gena; antennae 5–6 socket diameters apart; antennae about 0.6x body length (male), or about 0.5x body length (female); all antennomeres dull, 1–7 sparsely and coarsely setose, 8–11 densely and finely setose; antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 quadrate&gt;0.5x length 1, &lt;0.5x length 3, male antennomeres 3–7 thicker and more compressed compared with female; relative lengths of antennomeres, with 3 longest in both sexes, and middle segments more unequal in length in female than male: male: 2 shortest, &lt;8=9=10, &lt;1, &lt;4=6=11, &lt;5=7, &lt;3; female: 2 shortest, &lt;8, &lt;9=10, &lt;1, &lt;4=6, &lt;5, &lt;7=11, &lt;3; clypeus with 2–3 pairs of long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin semicircularly excavate in male, with shallower V-shaped emargination in females, exposing anteclypeus; male apical maxillary palpomere securiform with broad truncate apex.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 7, 8, 17): pronotum clearly transverse, width 1.1–1.3x length, greatest width at lateral median lobe or also anterior angle, sides contracted and straight behind middle; dorsum of pronotum distinctly demarcated, relatively horizontal compared with almost vertical hypomera; pronotal disc irregularly surfaced, with pair of low shiny swellings either side of middle, midline with similar low shiny swelling near base, sides of disc moderately depressed; pronotal punctures large but shallow, moderately close in depressed areas, where separated by 0.2–1.5 puncture diameters, sparse elsewhere; pronotum with sparse white hair-like recumbent setae, denser at sides, interspaces shiny, either shallowly microreticulate or without microreticulation; anterior angles prominently anterolaterally produced, 45–80°; anterior edge of pronotum slightly produced but usually concave at middle; lateral margins with one prominent median tubercle and a smaller tubercle (sometimes almost absent) between this and anterior angle, with remnant of lateral carina from this second tubercle to anterior angle; basal edge weakly convex and usually flat but with trace of beading medially in some specimens; hypomeron strongly punctured and sparsely pubescent, except hypomeral lobe rugose and glabrous; prosternum finely and densely punctured and pubescent; scutellum finely punctured and setose on basal third, apically shiny and impunctate; recumbent white elytral pubescence mostly sparse, but forming patches at sides of middle and along apical third of suture, this sutural patch laterally expanded anteriorly (approximately T-shaped when elytra combined), elytra also with sparse erect setae; elytral sculpture variable but always with small relatively evenly sized tubercles, although they may coalesce into short elongate ridges; at one extreme of variation, elytra dull and densely microsculptured, with irregularly scattered punctures and small round tubercles, and at the other extreme, elytra shiny, with shallow microsculpture only in depressed areas, punctures partly linear and tubercles forming elongate low ridges; elytral disc distinctly arcuately depressed in basal half posterior to humerus; elytral punctures large and deep, sparsely distributed, separated by 1.5–4 puncture diameters; discal elytral punctures with two small shining tubercles laterally on rim; elytral apices rounded; epipleuron impunctate and glabrous except line of recumbent white setae along basal margin; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite shiny, not or shallowly microsculptured, sparsely punctured and setose, with smooth impunctate midline; metatibiae with broad lateral longitudinal grooves, defining keels, short and robust and sparsely pubescent; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 depressed; protarsomeres 1–3 much broader at base (almost quadrate) in male than female.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 47, 56, 57, 66, 73): ventrites I–V shiny, not or feebly microreticulate; I relatively sparsely but strongly punctured, interspaces much greater than puncture diameters; puncturation of II–V increasingly dense; ventrite V relatively densely and slightly rugosely punctured; ventrites with evenly spaced recumbent white setae, erect setae only present on apical margin of ventrite V; apex of ventrite V convex in both sexes; apex of penis abruptly contracted to mucronate tip in dorsal view, apex thick and short in lateral view; tegminal keel sinuate and shallowly convex in lateral view; female sternite VIII apodeme short and narrow, apical sclerotised area roughly triangular but expanded at sides, wider than long, apex shallowly concave; apex of gonocoxite without conspicuous setae; stylus elongate, length twice width, with median constriction; median ventral sclerite very short; spermatheca falcate, blunt tipped, with simple uncoiled duct.</p><p>Notes. The maxillary palpi of C. insignis were illustrated by Reid (1992; Fig. 20) under C. tuberosa .</p><p>Cheiloxena insignis seems to be endemic to south Victoria as there is a dense cluster of records in this area (material examined here and records in Reid 1992; Fig. 77). However, there is a single specimen from Mittagong, central New South Wales in the MVM collection (Reid 1992). It is a typical specimen of the dull and microsculptured form of C. insignis . We think this is likely to be a mislabelled specimen, as all other material is from tall eucalypt forest within 200 km of Melbourne (Fig. 77). Within this small area, C. insignis shows great variation in surface sculpture and it has been tempting to split this taxon into two species. Two morphological extremes are shown in Figures 7 and 8, but note that the first is a fresh female specimen and the second is a worn male. Relatively dull specimens with non-linear elytral punctures predominate in the southern, lowland part of the range (Fig. 7; Launching Place, at 100 m elevation), but Figure 8 is of a shiny specimen with partly linear elytral punctures and ridged intervals, collected at Lake Mountain, the northernmost part of the range, 42 km northeast of Launching Place and at 1300 m elevation (photographed live: Lagerwey 2016a). This male has a less mucronate penis (Fig. 57) than a male of the dull form (Fig. 56). There are morphological intermediates between the two forms, for example a specimen photographed near Launching Place (Lagerway 2016b), therefore we prefer to treat this as one variable species. Another live specimen has been photographed at Wonga Park, Victoria (Lagerwey 2016b).</p><p>Despite being relatively frequently collected or observed in the Melbourne area, the host plants and biology of this species are unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B66FF9AFF1AFB7105D65AB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
2A2D13766B68FF99FF1AFD21064A5D3E.text	2A2D13766B68FF99FF1AFD21064A5D3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena monga Reid & Beatson 2018	<div><p>Cheiloxena monga sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 9, 18, 27, 34, 48, 58, 77)</p><p>Cheiloxena frenchae male, sensu Reid 1992, nec Blackburn1893.</p><p>Mateiral examined. Type. Holotype: Ƌ*/ 5k SSW Monga NSW Euc. rubida 12.xi.1985 C. Reid/ (ANIC).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cheiloxena monga is distinguished by: upper and lower surfaces scaled; anterior margin of clypeus truncate; pronotum with almost parallel paired ridges; hypomeral lobe rugose, without scales; apical half of elytra conspicuously tuberculate, with largest tubercles arranged in a curve.</p><p>Description (female unknown). Length 11 mm; body moderately convex in profile, length about 3x height; colour black, but elytra mostly dark brown with black tubercles, and maxillary and labial palpi reddish-brown; almost entirely clothed with adpressed creamy-white scale-like setae (length 3– 5x width), not distinctly variegated in colour, setae not thinner on depressed areas of pronotum and elytra, thinner on anterior of clypeus, apices of mandibles, prosternal and mesoventral processes, legs, apex of abdominal ventrite V, and antennomeres 1–7, scalelike setae absent from antennomeres 8–11 (minute simple setae only); scale-like setae distributed as follows: almost evenly on head but clypeal margins anteriorly glabrous; almost evenly on pronotum but slightly sparser on depressed areas and absent from apices of ridges; scutellum clothed with thin setae; elytra with irregular mosaic of dense patches and more sparsely setose areas, setae of larger tubercles not differentiated except slightly more elongate; ventral surfaces with dense white adpressed setae except thin and sparse on apical half of ventrite V, setae of appendages thin but dense (except antennomeres 8–11); surface sculpture: head including clypeal margins, pronotum and metaventrite densely punctured and microreticulate, dull, elytra and rest of thoracic venter, including pronotal hypomera, densely microsculptured and dull; apices of tubercles and ridges, and abdominal ventrites shiny and not or shallowly microsculptured.</p><p>Head (Figs 9, 18, 27): slightly narrower than pronotum; densely and slightly confluently punctured, punctures small but larger than ommatidia, intervals dull and microsculptured, including narrow impunctate frontoclypeal sutures, apical margin clypeus, and margin of antennal cavities; convex between eyes, shallowly concave between antennae; eyes laterally prominent, separated by about 3 eye widths; gena at shortest point about 0.3x eye length; genal lobe 2x shortest length of gena; antennae 3x socket diameters apart; antennae about 0.75x body length; antennomeres 1–6 dull with shining apices, apical half of 7, and whole of 8–11 matt; antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 slightly transverse and about 0.5x length of 1, 0.25x length of 3, relative lengths of antennomeres, with 3 longest and 7 next, and middle segments unequal in length: 2, &lt;1, &lt;8, &lt;4=9=10, &lt;6, &lt;5, &lt;11, &lt;7, &lt;3; clypeus with 2 pairs of long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin truncate; apical maxillary palpomere broadly ovoid, with truncate apex.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 9, 18, 27, 34): sides bulging slightly at middle, no clear distinction between dorsal and ventral (hypomeral) areas of pronotum; pronotal punctures dense, diameters 1.5– 2x larger than on head; interspaces dull, densely microsculptured; pronotum slightly wider than long (measured at midline), length 0.95x width, greatest width at middle, sides weakly sinuate; anterior angles prominent but apices blunt, 90°; anterior margin produced, concave at middle; sides without tubercles; basal margin truncate; pronotal disc with two prominent subparallel keels from middle to anterior margin, almost symmetrically convex in lateral view, sharper in anterior half; remainder of disc unevenly surfaced, concave apicolaterally and either side of small postmedian swelling; hypomeron and prosternum densely punctured and pubescent, as pronotum, except hypomeral lobe rugose and glabrous; scutellum closely punctured and setose, scales more elongate than on pronotum; elytra irregularly scaled, forming network of pale flecks; elytron conspicuously tuberculate, with variably sized shiny-tipped tubercles arranged in approximately 4 clusters close to suture, from base to apex, as follows: first (basal) with 1 large blunt tubercle at apex of ridge from base of elytra; second (median) with 1 smaller conical or elongate tubercle; third (subapical) with 3 conical tubercles arranged in an equilateral triangle, largest lateral and smallest basal; fourth (apical) with 3 conspicuous but smaller well-separated tubercles arranged in an equilateral triangle; small tubercles scattered at base and sides of elytron; elytral disc shallowly arcuately depressed in basal half, posterior to humerus, and concave at sides of middle; elytral punctures large, similar diameter to largest on pronotum, but much deeper, and slightly sparser, separated by 1–1.5x diameters; interspaces dull, densely microsculptured; discal elytral punctures with two small shining tubercles laterally on rim; elytral apex narrowly truncate; epipleuron finely and shallowly punctured, with scale-like pubescence; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite dull and microsculptured, densely punctured and scaled, except midline impunctate and shining; metatibiae with shallow irregular lateral longitudinal grooves, thin and elongated; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 depressed and not expanded.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 48, 58): ventrites I–V shinier than thoracic ventrites, strongly but less densely punctured and more shallowly microreticulate; ventrite pubescence recumbent, scale-like, but much narrower on ventrite V, only erect setae present on apical half of ventrite V; apex of ventrite V feebly convex; apex of penis contracted to blunt mucronate tip in dorsal view, apex thick and short in lateral view, strongly curved; tegminal keel shallowly sinuate in lateral view, with acute simple proximal tip.</p><p>Etymology. Named from the type locality, as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Notes. Cheiloxena monga is only known from the holotype, collected at the margin of cool temperate rainforest and tall eucalypt forest in what is now Monga National Park. It was beaten off a sapling of Eucalyptus rubida, now a synonym of E. dalrympleana (Myrtaceae), with no evidence of feeding.</p><p>This specimen was previously incorporated in a description of C. frenchae, when the only other known specimen of that species was the holotype (Reid 1992). Based on the small amount of additional material of this complex ( C. aitori, C. frenchae and C. monga) made available since 1992 we now believe that the Monga specimen represents a valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B68FF99FF1AFD21064A5D3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
2A2D13766B6BFF9FFF1AFAA907795A9B.text	2A2D13766B6BFF9FFF1AFAA907795A9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena tuberosa Reid 1992	<div><p>Cheiloxena tuberosa Reid, 1992</p><p>(Figs 10, 19, 28, 38, 41, 49, 67, 74, 77)</p><p>Cheiloxena tuberosa Reid, 1992: 104 (type locality: Lamington National Park, Queensland)</p><p>Material examined. Types: Holotype: Ƌ*/ Lamington NP, xi.1983 M Lowman/ no. 15/ Holotype Cheiloxena tuberosa Reid / (ANIC); Paratypes (3): New South Wales: ♂/ Dorrigo W Heron/ paratype Cheiloxena tuberosa Reid / (ANIC); ♀*/ Mt Warning in rainforest, 11.xi.1974 G Williams/ paratype Cheiloxena tuberosa Reid / (ANIC); Queensland: Ƌ*/ Mt Glorious St. For., Qld, xi–xii.1985 Y. Bassett coll. ex Argyrodendron actinophyllum r/f/ ANIC coleoptera voucher no 87-0134/ CO ANT 10/ Argyrodendron actinophyllum Edlin subtropical rainforest Mt Glorious SF IT1 (MT), 19–26.xi.1987, Y Bassett/ paratype Cheiloxena tuberosa Reid / (ANIC).</p><p>Non-types (17): New South Wales: 1Ƌ/ Bielsdown SF, jn Bielsdown / Coramba Rds, 30:17S 152:44E dry rf by rd, 7.xi.2013, Reid &amp; Tan (AMS); 1/ eastern section Border Ranges NP, NSW , 14.xii.1996, S. Watkins coll./ (ANIC); ♀/ Dorrigo NP, 2500’, 18.xi.1973, A&amp;M Walford-Huggins/ WH 7745/ (QMB); ♂, ♀ / The Glade picnic area, Dorrigo NP, 16–17.xii.2009, R de Keyzer, at MV light (AMS); 1/ Whian Whian State Forest, on E. grandis (DPIO) ; Queensland: ♀ / no further data, Deane (QMB); ♂/ Lamington NP, canopy light trap 2, 13.i.1995 R Kitching (AMS); ♂ 2♀/ [Lamington] NP xi.1920 H Hacker (QMB); ♀ / ditto except 5.xii.1970 FT Fricke (AMS); ♀/ Mt Glorious 22k NW Brisbane, rainforest, 635m, 13.xii.1983 A Hiller (QMB); ♀/ Mt Glorious, 21.i.1983 J Sedlacek (QMB); ♀ / ditto except 17.i.1978 (QMB); ♂ / ditto except 15.ii.1972 GB Monteith (QMB); ♀ / Upper Dalrymple Ck, via Goomburra, 21–22.xi.1987 GB Monteith (QMB) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Cheiloxena tuberosa is distinguished by: anterior margin of clypeus deeply excavate; pronotum without dorsal ridges but with 1–2 lateral tubercles; each elytron with four large conical tubercles.</p><p>Description. Length: male 9.5–11.5 mm, female 8.5–11.5 mm; body convex in profile, length about 2.7x height; colour entirely black, except apex last maxillary palp and labial palpi reddish-brown, with ashy grey or golden scale-like setae; scale-like setae adpressed except semi-erect on largest elytral tubercles, variable in proportion (length 3–10x width), thinner and sparser on depressed areas of pronotum and elytra, and apical ventrites, distributed as follows: almost evenly on head but golden behind eyes and white anteriorly; variegated on pronotum with band of dense golden setae on anterior ridge and posterior margin and white setae in five irregular broad stripes following elevated areas, almost glabrous between; scutellum clothed with elongate golden setae; elytra with irregular mosaic of adpressed white setae except tubercles with elongate semi-erect golden setae and golden adpressed setae posterior to tubercles, ventral surfaces with dense white adpressed setae except thin and sparse on apical ventrite, setae of appendages thin but dense, except antennomeres 8–11 minutely setose; surface sculpture: head pronotum, elytra and venter dull, punctate and densely microsculptured, except shining apices of tubercles.</p><p>Head (Figs 10, 19, 28, 38): distinctly narrower than pronotum in both sexes; densely and slightly confluently punctured, punctures small, intervals dull and microsculptured; narrow impunctate smooth area around antennal cavities; flat between eyes, slightly concave between antennae; eyes small, slightly laterally prominent, separated by about 4 eye widths (male) or about 4.5 eye widths (female); gena at shortest point about 0.6x eye length (male) or about 0.4x eye length (female); genal lobe 0.75x shortest length of gena; antennae 3–3.5x socket diameters apart; antennae about 0.65x body length (male), or about 0.55x body length (female); antennomeres 1–7 dull with shining apices, 8–11 duller; antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 transverse 0.5–0.7x length of 1, 0.25–0.3x length of 3, relative lengths of antennomeres, with 3 longest and 11 next, and middle segments generally similar in length: male: 2, &lt;1, &lt;4=5=6, &lt;9=10, &lt;8, &lt;7, &lt;11, &lt;3; female: 2, &lt;1, &lt;6, &lt;4=5=8=9=10, &lt;7, &lt;11, &lt;3; clypeus with 2–3 pairs of long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin deeply concave, usually less so in female; male apical maxillary palpomere broadly ovoid with truncate apex.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 10, 19, 28, 41): sides almost vertical, no clear distinction between dorsal and ventral (hypomeral) areas of pronotum; pronotal puncturation similar to head, except depressed parts of disc sparsely punctured; interspaces dull; pronotum slightly longer than wide, width 0.95x length, greatest width at anterior third and sides weakly sinuate; anterior angles prominent but tips blunt, 45°; anterior margin produced, truncate at middle; lateral sides with 1–2 small tubercles in apical half; basal margin weakly convex; pronotum with transverse preapical low ridge of shining tubercles, notched at middle; disc unevenly surfaced, with concave sides and middle and small postmedian swelling; hypomeron and prosternum densely punctured and pubescent, as pronotum, except hypomeral lobe rugose and glabrous; scutellum punctured and setose, as pronotum; elytra irregularly scaled and glabrous, the scales generally sparse except for small white patch near elytral apex on lateral margin; elytron conspicuously tuberculate, with variably sized shiny tipped tubercles arranged in approximately 4 irregular longitudinal rows, as follows: first (innermost) with 3 similar sized massive conical tubercles; second with 2 small conical tubercles at elytral base, one massive conical tubercle beside apical tubercle of inner row, and small tubercle on apical elytral slope; third starting on inner surface of humerus, with elongate ridge at base and 3 small tubercles posteriorly; fourth starting on outer surface of humerus, with 6–9 small tubercles; elytral disc shallowly arcuately depressed in basal half, posterior to humerus, and concave at sides of middle; elytral punctures large, 1.5– 2x pronotal puncture diameters, and sparse, separated by 1–1.5x diameters, interspaces dull, microsculptured; discal elytral punctures with two small shining tubercles laterally on rim; elytral apex narrowly truncate; epipleuron finely and shallowly punctured, with scale-like pubescence; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite dull and microsculptured, closely punctured and scaled, except midline impunctate and shining; metatibiae with shallow irregular lateral longitudinal grooves, short and robust; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 depressed; protarsomeres 1–3 slightly broader at base in male than female.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 49, 59, 67, 74): ventrite I shinier than thoracic ventrites but closely and strongly punctured and microreticulate; II–V impunctate and shining at apices, but densely punctured, shining at middle but shallowly microreticulate, dull at sides; ventrite pubescence recumbent, scale-like, but much narrower on ventrite V, erect setae only present on apical margin ventrite V; apex of ventrite V narrowly truncate in both sexes; apex of penis contracted to elongate mucronate tip in dorsal view, short and thick in lateral view, strongly reflexed by about 90°; tegminal keel deep and slightly sinuate in lateral view; female sternite VIII apodeme short and narrow, apical sclerotised area roughly triangular but expanded at sides, longer than wide, apex concave; apex of gonocoxite without conspicuous setae; stylus only slightly elongate; median ventral sclerite elongate; spermatheca falcate, acutely tipped, with coiled duct.</p><p>Notes. The maxillary palpi of C. tuberosa were illustrated by Reid (1992; Fig. 19) under C. insignis .</p><p>Cheiloxena tuberosa is a relatively frequently collected species in the subtropical forests of northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland (Fig. 77), from Dorrigo to Bellthorpe. The northernmost record is based on a photograph of this distinctive species posted on the internet (Walter 2016). The distributions of C. tuberosa and its closest relative and most similar species, C. westwoodii (Reid 1992), broadly overlap but the two species are not found together as the latter is restricted to eucalypt woodland.</p><p>The host is unknown. It has once been collected in an intercept trap hung on a tree of Argyrodendron (Malvaceae), which occurs throughout the range of C. tuberosa, but this seems to be a casual association. A single specimen has been collected on leaves of Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae), but without indication of feeding. Cheiloxena tuberosa has also been collected at MV light.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B6BFF9FFF1AFAA907795A9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
2A2D13766B6DFF9DFF1AFD0A076F5DD6.text	2A2D13766B6DFF9DFF1AFD0A076F5DD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiloxena westwoodii Baly Elytra 1860	<div><p>Cheiloxena westwoodii Baly, 1860</p><p>(Figs 1, 11, 12, 20, 21, 29, 30, 36, 37, 50, 51, 60, 61, 68, 75, 76, 78)</p><p>Cheiloxena westwoodii Baly, 1860: 255 (type locality: Australia)</p><p>Material examined. Non-types (85). ACT: Ƌ*/ Blundell Hill, Brindabella Ra, 900m, Astrotricha ledifolia (flws), 17.xii.1989 C. Reid (ANIC); ♂/ Blundell Ck, 12.xi.1985 G. Cassis (AMS); ♂/ Brindabella Ra, 3000’, 12.xii.1966, IFB Common (ANIC); New South Wales: ♀/ Barrington Tops, J Hopson (AMS); ♂, ♀/ The Bird Tree, Little Brother SF, 31:41S 142:41E, stop 50, 16.xi.1983 D Rentz, M Harvey (ANIC); 2♂, 2♀/ Blackheath, Blue Mtns, on fern-like shrub somewhat similar to Lomatia, i.1941, B &amp; G. Styles (ANIC); 1♀/ Lots 72, 73, 148, Caparra 13.x.1995 mv light S Watkins/ SG Watkins coll. donated 2001/ (ANIC); 1♀ ditto except 6.xii.1994 (ANIC); 1♀ ditto except 17.xii.1993 (ANIC); 1♂ ditto except 4.x.1988 (ANIC); ♂/ Culoul Ra., at light, 8.xi.1978 (AMS); ♀/ nr Cutters pass, Williams R, 23–30.x.1926 A Musgrave &amp; TG Campbell (AMS); 2♀/ Dingo Tops Forest Park, Dingo SF, NW Wingham, 14.i.1993, mv light/ SG Watkins coll. donated 2001/ (ANIC); ♂/ Dorrigo W Heron (ANIC); ♀/ Doyles River SF, Tirrill Ck Rd, nr bridge, on ground at night, 31.x.2007, A. Scott (AMS); ♀/ Eungai 16.x. 197[numeral missing] FT Fricke (AMS); 2♂*/ Gibraltar Ra. NP, 29:28S 152:21E, 950m, 10.x.1974 IFB Common, ED Edwards (ANIC); ♀/ The Granites, Washpool NP, to light, 4.i.1991 A Sundholm, R De Keyzer (AMS); 2♂/ Hasting R HJC[arter] (ANIC); ♀*/ Island Bend, Kosciusko NP, 36:19S 148:29E, 850m, on Eucalyptus, 5.xi.1987, C. Reid (ANIC); ♀/ Kuringai NP, McCarrs Rd entrance, feeding on Astritricha latifolia, i.2007, S Düngelhoef &amp; J Pedersen (AMS); 3♂, 3♀/ Moonpah SF, via Dorrigo, 11.xii.1971 GB Monteith (QMB); ♀/ Mt Bib[benluke], 21.iii.1964 / DA Doolan coll/ (AMS); 1♂/ summit Mt Marie, Dingo SF 23. xii.1 994 mv light S Watkins/ SG Watkins coll. donated 2001/ (ANIC); 3♀/ Mt Tomah, Blue Mtns, 31.i.1981 NW Rodd (AMS); ♀, ditto, except 30.i.1981 (AMS); ♀, ditto except 20.x.1980 (AMS); ♀, ditto except 28.xi.1981 (AMS); ♂, ditto except 5.i.1982 (AMS); ♂, ditto except 2.i.1984 (AMS); ♀, ditto except 16.xi.1984 (AMS); ♂, ditto, except 4.xi.1988 (AMS); ♂, ditto, except 29.x.1988 (AMS); ♂, ditto, except 29.ii.1992 (AMS); 2♂, ♀/ Mt Tomah 9.i.1978 (AMS); 2♂, 2♀, ditto, except 24.ii.1978 (AMS); ♀, ditto except 29.ii.1984 (AMS); ♀/ North Rocks 20.ix.1941 (ANIC); ♂/ 5k NW Ourimbah, 33:19S 151:21E, 25.xi.1976 IFB Common &amp; ED Edwards (ANIC); ♂/ Potoroo Rd @ Little Run Ck Dingo SF 15.xi.1994 / SG Watkins coll. donated 2001/ (ANIC); ♀/ Robertson, HJC (ANIC); ♂/ Swans Xing, Kerewong SF, c.12k WNW Kendall, ex rainforest, 11–12.xii.1994, G Williams (AMS); ♂/ 24k SE Threeways, 32:49S 150:25E, 30.xii.1977 G Daniels (AMS); 2♂, ♀/ Ulong East Dorrigo W Heron/ (AMS); ♂/ Vincents Lookout N East Lansdowne NSW 11.ix.1995 S Watkins/ SG Watkins coll. donated 2001/ (ANIC); ♀/ Wadsworth Trail @ Potoroo Rd, Dingo SF, NSW, 4.xii.1995, mv light/ SG Watkins coll. donated 2001/ (ANIC); 2♀*/ Wild Cattle Ck SF, Mobong Ck, 17k (air) N Dorrigo, 16.xi.1982 J Doyen (ANIC); ♀/ Yarranapping Mt, 16.x.1973 FT Fricke (AMS); Queensland: ♂, ♀/ [Lamington] National Park, xii.1919 H Hacker (QMB); ♂/ Mt Asplenium, 28:09S 152:26E, 1290m, 18–20.xii.1992 GB Monteith (QMB); Victoria: 2♂/ no further data (MHNP); 2♂, 2♀/ French [ex coll.] (MHNP); ♀*/ "loc.?" CF (ANIC); ♂, ♀*/ Belgrave, xi.1948, C.O[ke]/ JG Brooks bequest 1976/ (ANIC); ♀/ ditto, except i.1949 (MVM); ♂/ Emerald, 26.ii.1903 GAK (ANIC); ♂/ Emerald, 7.iii.1943, FE Wilson (ANIC); ♂*/ H[ealesville] 3746 [Blackburn label]/ (AMS); 2♂/ Healesville/ EW Ferguson coll./ (ANIC); ♂/ Melbourne no.1530 E. Fischer/ (ANIC); ♀/ Mt Buffalo NP, 8km from entrance gate, c20k SE Myrtleford, 500m, 4.xii.1980, DA Pollock &amp; LA Reichert (ANIC); ♂/ Warburton, Cement Ck, Nothofagus cunninghamii etc, 670m, 10–17.i.1980, A. Newton, M. Thayer (ANIC); ♂/ Warburton, 6.xii.1931 FE Wilson (ANIC); ♂/ 25k from Warburton, on Acheron Way, 37:37:35S 145:42:46E, on Pomaderris aspera, swampy burnt forest, 7.xii.2012, C Reid &amp; E Tan (AMS).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cheiloxena westwoodii is distinguished by: anterior margin of clypeus deeply excavate; pronotum without dorsal ridges but with 1–2 lateral tubercles; elytra without large conical tubercles.</p><p>Description. Length: male 9.5– 13 mm, female 8–13 mm; body convex in profile, length about 3x height; colour entirely black, except maxillary and labial palpi often reddish-brown, dorsal and ventral surfaces with golden scale-like setae except scales dark and thin on apices of elytral tubercles; scale-like setae recumbent, variable in proportion (length 3– 8x width), narrowest at apices of tubercles, distributed as follows: close and almost even on head; close and almost even on pronotum; dense on scutellum; with mosaic of dense patches and unscaled areas on elytral disc, usually forming 3–7 pale spots along elytral suture and along lateral margin, elytral tubercles with elongate semi-erect setae, fairly sparse but even on ventral surfaces, or with dense pale spots at lateral margin of metaventrite and middle of ventrites, ventral surfaces of femora with or without dense pale setae, setae of remainder of appendages thin, except antennomeres 8–11 minutely setose; surface sculpture: head, pronotum, elytra and venter dull, punctate and densely microsculptured, except shining apices of tubercles.</p><p>Head (Figs 1, 11, 12, 20, 21, 29, 30): distinctly narrower than pronotum in both sexes; densely and slightly confluently punctured, punctures small and shallow, intervals dull and microsculptured, with close recumbent scales; narrow impunctate smooth area around antennal cavities; flat between eyes and flat between antennae; eyes small, slightly laterally prominent or not extending laterally beyond temples (some females), separated by about 4.5 eye widths (male) or about 5.5 eye widths (female); gena at shortest point about 0.6x eye length (both sexes); genal lobe about 0.65x shortest length of gena; antennae 3 (male) – 4 (female) x socket diameters apart; antennae 0.65–0.75x body length (male), or 0.55–0.65x body length (female); antennomeres 1–7 dull, 8–11 duller; antennomeres 1 and 3–11 elongate, 2 transverse to quadrate, about 0.6 length of 1, 0.3–0.35x length of 3; relative lengths of antennomeres, with 3 longest and 7 next in both sexes, and most middle segments of similar length: male: 2, &lt;1, &lt;4=6, &lt;5=8=9=10, &lt;11, &lt;7, &lt;3; female: 2, &lt;1, &lt;6=8=9=10, &lt;4=5=11, &lt;7, &lt;3; clypeus with 2–3 pairs of long subapical setae; clypeal anterior margin deeply concave, usually less so in female; male apical maxillary palpomere slightly variable in width from elongate-ovoid to almost cylindrical, with truncate apex.</p><p>Thorax (Figs 1, 11, 12, 20, 21, 29, 33, 36): sides almost vertical, no clear distinction between dorsal and ventral (hypomeral) areas of pronotum; pronotal punctures and scales similar to head, with dense shallow punctures and ridged dull interspaces, and close recumbent scales; pronotum slightly wider than long, width 0.95x length, greatest width at lateral tubercles and sides straight to weakly sinuate in posterior half; anterior angles anteriorly projecting, about 45°; anterior margin produced, truncate or rounded at middle; lateral sides with 1–2 small sharp tubercles in apical half; basal margin truncate or weakly convex; anterior edge of pronotum with transverse partly confluent row of shining tubercles; disc unevenly surfaced, with shallow concavities at sides and middle and small postmedian swelling; hypomeron and prosternum densely punctured and pubescent, as pronotum, except hypomeral lobe rugose and glabrous; scutellum closely punctured and scaled, forming a golden spot; elytra irregularly scaled, mostly sparse but usually forming pale flecks laterally; elytron with small tubercles and occasionally short ridges when these coalesce; pattern of tubercles, at minimum (some Victorian specimens) with a short ridge halfway between humerus and suture, a low tubercle at middle near suture, two elongate low tubercles in parallel on edge of apical elytral declivity, 4 minute tubercles on declivity; pattern of tubercles, at maximum (some central NSW and northern specimens) with minimum arrangement plus about five additional tubercles between humerus and suture, about 5 additional tubercles from middle to apical elytral declivity, and several small tubercles laterally; northern specimens generally with the minimum set more prominent and often elongate; elytral disc shallowly arcuately depressed in basal half, posterior to humerus, and concave at sides of middle; elytral punctures large, 1.5– 2x pronotal puncture diameters, and sparse, separated by 1–1.5x diameters, interspaces dull, microsculptured; discal elytral punctures with two small shining tubercles laterally on rim; elytral apex narrowly truncate, or rounded; epipleuron finely and shallowly punctured, with scale-like pubescence; mesoventrite punctured as prosternum; metepisternum and metaventrite dull and microsculptured, closely punctured and scaled, except middle impunctate and shining; metatibiae with deep regular lateral longitudinal grooves, defining keels, short and robust; bases of tarsomeres 1–3 depressed; protarsomeres 1–3 much broader at base in male (almost quadrate) than female.</p><p>Abdomen (Figs 36, 37, 50, 51, 60, 61, 68, 75, 76): ventrite I shiny, weakly or not microsculptured, closely and shallowly punctured; II–IV similar to ventrite I but more closely punctured, and shallowly microreticulate and dull at sides; ventrite V duller, microreticulate; ventrites scaled, scales tending to clump together either side of midline, erect setae only present on apical margin of ventrite V; apex of ventrite V narrowly truncate in male, more rounded in female; apex of penis contracted to blunt mucronate tip in dorsal view, apex thick and short in lateral view, reflexed at about 90°; tegminal keel deep and strongly sinuate in lateral view; female sternite VIII basal apodeme short and narrow, apical sclerotised area roughly triangular but slightly expanded at sides, longer than wide, apex deeply concave; apex of gonocoxite with 1–2 conspicuous setae; stylus only slightly elongate; median ventral sclerite elongate, only lateral margins distinctly sclerotised; spermatheca falcate, with rounded tip, and with tightly coiled duct.</p><p>Notes. Cheiloxena westwoodii is the most widespread and frequently collected species of the genus and also the most variable. Reid (1992) suggested that there were two geographically defined forms, separated by a gap of about 200 km in central eastern NSW. That gap is here reduced to about 125 km but is still evident (Fig. 78). The northern form is generally more strongly sculptured on the elytra, with larger and more numerous tubercles or ridges. This form exists as far south as Robertson (34.59°S), from where there is a single specimen with numerous prominent elytral tubercles. Southern specimens, from Mount Bibbenluke (35.26°S) southwards, are generally smoother, without conspicuous tubercles, but a few specimens in the south are as tuberculate as the least tuberculate northern specimens. Another character that separates the records geographically is the density of setae on the ventral surfaces of the femora. Specimens from Barrington Tops (32.03°S) northwards have the femoral ventral surfaces densely covered in pale grey scales, whereas specimens from Culoul Range (33.23°S) southwards have increasingly sparser setae, with the femoral ventral surface visible. Other variable features include shape of elytral apices, shape of male maxillary palpi and convexity of female eyes, but these features do not vary geographically. There are no consistent genitalic differences between these populations or forms therefore we prefer to treat all as a single variable species.</p><p>The distribution of Cheiloxena westwoodii almost overlaps with all other species, from southern Victoria to southeastern Queensland (Fig. 78). Within this range it is associated with eucalypt woodland and forest. Several adults of C. westwoodii were collected on Astrotricha latifolia (Araliaceae) at Kuringai Chase National Park and caged for two weeks with this plant, but failed to reproduce, although they fed on the foliage. A specimen was also collected on Astrotricha ledifolia in the Brindabella Ranges, ACT. The host plants are probably various species of Astrotricha, but it has also been collected from eucalypts and from a "fern-like shrub somewhat similar to Lomatia ". The species has been photographed at several sites in Victoria, including Cambarville (Monaghan 2018), Dandenong Ranges (Monaghan 2018), Garfield (Lagerway 2016a), Powelltown (Monaghan 2018) and Reefton (Monaghan 2018).</p><p>Adults are occasionally attracted to ultraviolet light.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A2D13766B6DFF9DFF1AFD0A076F5DD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Reid, C. A. M.;Beatson, M.	Reid, C. A. M., Beatson, M. (2018): Revision of the Australian leaf beetle genus Cheiloxena Baly, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Spilopyrinae). Zootaxa 4497 (4): 501-534, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.3
