taxonID	type	description	language	source
242F87F03A59DD0FB6FDFF10F797FC98.taxon	description	In the SEM, the interior of G. hastata is dominated by the round central area (Figs 376, 377). The central nodule is raised internally, and the elevated raphe terminates on the central nodule with proximal raphe ends that are recurved in the same direction (Fig. 377). Around the base of the central nodule is located 4 isolated stigmoids. The stigmoids are occluded with siliceous coverings, around the base of each are small pores (Fig. 377). Septa are associated with girdle bands at the poles (Fig. 376). Externally, the central area has the stigmoids that occur in small, round depressions (Fig. 378). Proximal raphe ends are elongated and dilated (Fig. 378). The doubly-punctate striae extend from the mantle to the valve face, terminating next to the axial area with 1 or 2 areolae (Figs. 378). Valvocopula has a single row of pores (Fig. 379). Observations: — The orbicular shape of the central area, not extending to the margin and the costate nature of the striae help to distinguish this species from other, similar species in the genus.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A5EDD0EB6FDFA60F783FEA2.taxon	description	In the SEM, the external portion of the valve is dominated by thickened, distinct interstriae that alternate with the striae (Figs 368 – 371). The axial area, interstriae and central area appear to be elevated from the level of the areolae. Striae are composed on 2, sometimes 3 rows of areolae (Figs 369, 371). At the central area the stigmoids are round and appear to occur in slightly sunken depressions (Fig. 370). The poles have the distal raphe ends bent onto the mantle (Figs 369, 371), while at the footpole the apical pore fields appear as compressed striae (Fig. 371). Internally, an overall view shows the presence of septa at both poles (Figs 372, 374). The internally elevated, elliptical central nodule bears the proximal raphe ends (Figs 372, 373, 375). The proximal raphe ends are recurved in the same direction. Around the base of the central nodule there 4 isolated stigmoids (Figs 373, 375). The stigmoidal openings appear slit like and occluded by teeth-like projections (Figs 373, 375). Girlde bands have one row of rectangular openings (Figs 372, 374, 375).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A5EDD0FB6FDFCBBF1A0FAE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Bolshoi Ushkaniy Island, Lake Baikal (IBIW, slide no. 15651 m!, in collection Maxim Kulikovskiy, 20.07.1965, leg. A. P. Skabitschewsky, holotype here designated (= Fig. 15); COLO slide no. 15651 p; SZCZ slide no. 15651 °, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A5DDD0CB6FDF9ACF122F823.taxon	description	Observations: — Valves given this designation are slightly more linear and narrow than G. eriensioides. The outline of the valve appears somewhat irregular. We continue to look for smaller specimens that match better with these valves. We wait finding a better size diminution series for this group before we decide to describe it as a separate species.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A5DDD0CB6FDFD28F278F9A1.taxon	description	In the SEM the valve exterior has evident striae composed of two rows of areolae (Figs 397 – 399). The stigmoidal openings around the central area appear to be in small, round depressions (Figs 397, 398). Proximal raphe ends dilated (Figs 397, 398). Apical pore field porelli are organized into double rows, and appear like condensed striae (Fig. 399). Internally, there are pseudosepta and helictoglossae at the poles. The smallish central nodule has recurved proximal raphe ends at its margin, and there are 4 isolated stigmoids around the base. Stigmoids may be unoccluded, or have small teeth-like projects (Fig. 400).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A5DDD0CB6FDFD28F278F9A1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Bolshoi Ushkaniy Island (rock), Lake Baikal, N 52 o 35.694, E 107 o 17.141, white stone cape, on stone, 16.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18575 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 63); COLO slide no. 18575 p, SZCZ slide no. 18575 °, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A5DDD0CB6FDFD28F278F9A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Gomphoneis eriensioides is named for its superficial resemblance to G. eriense. Observations: — Gomphoneis eriensioides differs from G. eriense by having 4 stigmoids rather than a single stigma, undifferentiated apical pore fields rather than those composed of differentiated porelli, and lack of longitudinal lines on either side of the axial area as seen in G. eriense (Patrick & Reimer 1975; Kociolek & Stoermer 1988).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A5DDD0CB6FDFF63F1E2FD2C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Bolshoi Ushkaniy Island (rock), Lake Baikal, 16.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW, slide no. 18575 m!, holotype here designated (= Fig. 41); COLO slide 18575 p, isotype). Observations: — This species is distinguished from G. hastata by the shape of the valves, with G. hastatoides being broadest towards the footpole.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A53DD01B6FDF943F1A8FE44.taxon	description	Externally in the SEM G. tumida has proximal raphe ends that are dilated, and 4 isolated stigmoids with rounded openings (Fig. 382). Internally, the central area is rounded, and bears the internally raised central nodule (Figs 383 – 387). The proximal raphe ends are received in the same direction. The stigmoidal openings are elliptical in outline and have teeth-like projections (Figs 383 – 387). Helictoglossae are positioned at the poles. There are both septa (Fig. 383) and pseudosepta (Figs 385, 386) at the poles. Observations: — This represents a more narrow view of this taxon than the one presented by Kociolek & Stoermer (1988 b), but it is still considered one of, if not the most variable species present in Lake Baikal. This species is more linear than G. tumidioides.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A50DD01B6FDFB95F07DF985.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, N 52 o 27.042, E 106 o 53.215. Bay near Enkhaluk village, fouling on the wood, 14.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18589 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 129); COLO slide no. 18589 p; SZCZ slide no. 18589 a, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A50DD01B6FDFE00F3E2FBAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, N 52 o 28.997, E 106 o 57.601. Shore near Enkhaluk village, on stone, 15.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18584 m, holotypus here designated (= Fig. 120); COLO slide no. 18584 p, SZCZ slide no. 18584 a, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A50DD01B6FDFE00F3E2FBAA.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species resembles G. tumida in outline. Observations: — Distinguished from G. witkowskii by the more rounded valves, and more rounded central area.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A50DD07B6FDF9C0F3C6FECB.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, White stone cape, on stone, N 52 o 35.694, E 107 o 17.141, 16.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18575 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 142); COLO slide no. 18575 p, SZCZ slide no. 18575 °, isotypes). Observations: — The unique outline of this species clearly differentiates it from other species in Lake Baikal.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A56DD07B6FDFA68F3C6F850.taxon	description	Observations: — This represents the morphologies of specimens identified by Kociolek & Stoermer (1988 b, their figures 31 – 34) as G. quadripunctata (Østrup) Dawson ex Ross & Sims from Lake Baikal. Our review of micrographs published of the type specimens of G. quadripunctata (Kociolek & Stoermer 1988 b; Tuji 2005) from Lake “ Kossogol ” (Mongolia) suggests we cannot confirm the presence of this taxon in Lake Baikal.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A56DD07B6FDFE76F653FCCD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Kapustinskaya bay, N 52 o 38.484, E 107 o 23.218, 17.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18580 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 155), COLO slide no. 18580 p, SZCZ slide no. 18580 a, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A56DD07B6FDFE76F653FCCD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named in honor of our friend and colleague, Prof. Dr. Horst Lange-Bertalot (Frankfurt).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A56DD07B6FDFC88F195FAED.taxon	description	In the SEM the valve exterior of this species appears similar to other taxa in the genus, having doublypunctate striae, stigmoids that occur in small, round depressions, and dilated proximal raphe ends (Fig. 388).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A56DD07B6FDFC88F195FAED.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, shore near Murino village, on algae, N 51 o 29.244, E 104 o 24.060, 20.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18569 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 168); COLO slide no. 18569 p, SZCZ slide no. 18569 °, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A57DD06B6FCFF63F618FC9B.taxon	description	This species have doubly-punctate striae, isolated stigmoidal openings that are indistinct and appear similar to the areolae, and proximal raphe ends that are dilated (Figs 389, 390). Areolae are small, round and unoccluded (Figs 389, 391). The apical pore field is present on the valve face and mantle (Figs 389, 391).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A57DD06B6FCFF63F618FC9B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Boldakovo, on algae, N 52 o 35.694, E 107 o 17.142, 16.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18572 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 169); COLO slide no. 18572 p, SZCZ slide no. 18572 a, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A57DD06B6FCFF63F618FC9B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named in honor of our friend and colleague, Ditmar Metzeltin, Frankfurt (Germany) for his many contributions of our understanding of freshwater diatom biodiversity on a worldwide scale.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A57DD06B6FDFA6DF73CF82D.taxon	description	In the SEM the valve interior of this small diatom has a rather prominent central nodule, with recurved proximal raphe ends, and surrounded by 4 stigmoids. The stigmoid openings are more or less rounded. Large helictoglossae are present at the poles, and there is a small pseudoseptum at each end of the valve (Fig. 406). Observations: — We will continue to examine specimens of this relatively common species before deciding whether to include all similar specimens within a concept of G. subcapitata, or to segregate them into a separate species. Valve shape with respect to how developed the protracted headpole might be (less protracted in these specimens) differentiates this group from G. subcapitata.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A57DD06B6FDFCA6F745FAE2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, shore near Murino village, on algae, N 51 o 29.244, E 104 o 24.060, 20.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18569 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 200); COLO slide no. 18569 p, SZCZ slide no. 18569 a, isotypes). Observations: — Differentiated from G. asymmetrica by the shape of the valve.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A54DD05B6FDFF63F2FBFD7D.taxon	description	Externally, the striae of this species are composed of two rows of round, unoccluded areolae and they terminate at the axial in in one or two areolae (Fig. 408). The proximal raphe ends are dilated. The four isolated stigmoids are small and round (Fig. 408). Internally, the central nodule is inconspicuous and narrow (Fig. 409). The central nodule has recurved proximal raphe ends. The helictoglossa at the footpole is oriented off-center from the raphe branch (Fig. 409). A small pseudoseptum is present at the footpole.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A54DD05B6FDFF63F2FBFD7D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Kultuk, on algae, N 51 o 43.460, E 103 o 43.096, 21.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18600 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 201); COLO slide no. 18600 p, SZCZ slide no. 18600 °, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A54DD05B6FDFB21F161F82E.taxon	description	The small valves of this species have the apical pore field restricted to the valve mantle, while the proximal raphe ends are dilated (Fig. 422). Stigmoidal openings can be of different sizes (Fig. 422). The distal raphe ends are deflected weakly onto the mantle at both poles. Internally, the central nodule is raised slightly internally, and bears the small, recurved proximal raphe ends. The internal stigmoidal opening are round and unoccluded (Figs. 423, 424). Pseudosepta are present at the poles.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A54DD05B6FDFB21F161F82E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, bay near Enkhaluk village, on macrophyte, N 52 o 27.042, E 106 o 53.215, 14.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18599 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 223); COLO slide no. 18599 p, SZCZ slide no. 18599 a, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A54DD05B6FDFB21F161F82E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named in honor of Mr. Erwin Reichardt, Treuchtlingen, Germany, for his contributions to the study of gomphonemoid diatoms.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A54DD05B6FDFCD8F117FB26.taxon	description	In the SEM, external proximal raphe ends are dilated and elongate, while the distal raphe ends are deflected on the valve face and then proceed onto the mantle (Fig. 405). Two of the stigmoid openings appear larger than the other two (Fig. 405).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4ADD1BB6FDFABDF3F9F805.taxon	description	This species has a valve interior with a small central nodule and relatively large helictoglossae (Fig. 420). Stigmoidal opening are simple and round. The proximal raphe ends are deflected in the same direction. Pseudosepta are present at the apices (Fig. 420). The exterior of the valve has indistinct stigmoids, small, round, slightly dilated proximal raphe ends (Fig. 421). The apical pore field is located on the mantle (Fig. 421).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4ADD1BB6FDFF63F60CFDB0.taxon	description	Observations: — This size series is very similar to G. skabitchevskii, differing only slightly in the outline of the valve. This populations looks to be slightly more robust than the new species described here.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4ADD1BB6FDFD93F2F5FA92.taxon	description	SEM shows the valve of G. skatichevskii to have 4 isolated stigmoids which are round in shape both internally (Fig. 410) and externally (Fig. 411). The valve interior has proximal raphe ends that are recurved in the same direction, and prominent helictoglossae at the poles (Fig. 410). Small pseudosepta are present at the apices. Externally, the striae are shown to have double rows of areolae that terminate near the axial area with one or two areolae. The proximal raphe ends are dilated, and the raphe is undulate. The apical pore field porelli are very similar to the areolae in shape and size (Fig. 411).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4ADD1BB6FDFD93F2F5FA92.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Kapustinskaya Bay, N 52 o 38.484, E 107 o 23.218, 17.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18580 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 258); COLO slide no. 18580 p, SZCZ slide no. 18580 a, isotypes).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4BDD1AB6FDFF63F262FD06.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Cape Khoboj, stones and algae, 1998, Darwin Initiative sample (COLO slide for Station 9, number 9, holotype designated here (= Fig. 285); IBIW slide no. Station 9, number 9 m, isotype). Observations: — Distinguished by the larger, proportionately broader valves, and the more broadly rounded apices.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4BDD1AB6FDFD41F233FABE.taxon	description	In the SEM, this species is shown to have small pseudosepta at the apices (Figs 402 – 404), with the pore field having thin ribs (Fig. 404). Proximal raphe ends are recurved in the same direction, being located on irregularly-shaped central nodule. Helictoglossae are also present near the poles (Figs 402 – 404).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4BDD1AB6FDFD41F233FABE.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Cape Khoboj, stones and algae, 1998, Darwin Initiative sample (COLO, slide for Station 9, number 9, holotype designated here (= Fig. 288); IBIW slide no. Station 9, number 9 m, isotype).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4BDD1AB6FDFD41F233FABE.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named in honor our friend and colleague, of Dr. Elisabeth Fourtanier, in honor of her outstanding contributions to diatom research. Observations: — This species is proportionally more stout, and the apices less protracted, as compared to G. capitata.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4BDD1AB6FDFA99F6A8F876.taxon	description	In the SEM the central area appears to bear isolated areolae externally (Figs 417, 418), but those are not visible internally (Fig. 419). The external proximal raphe ends are dilated slightly, and the apical pore fields are positioned almost entirely on the valve mantle (Fig. 417, 418). Internally there are prominent septa, and the recurved proximal raphe ends are evident (Fig. 419).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4BDD1AB6FDFA99F6A8F876.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Middle Island, Ohlon Gate, 1998, Darwin Initiative sample (COLO slide for Station 8, collection 8.0, holotype designated here (= Fig. 307); IBIW slide no. Station 8, collection 8.0 m, isotype).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4BDD1AB6FDFA99F6A8F876.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named in honor of our friend and colleague, Dr. Marina Potapova (Philadelphia), for her many contributions to the study of diatoms. Observations: — Differs from G. strelnikovae by the larger valves and rounded not protracted headpole.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A48DD18B6FDF8A0F1ECFD72.taxon	description	In the SEM the valve exterior has what appear to be isolated areolae in the central area, of differing sizes. The proximal raphe ends are dilated, and the distal raphe ends are deflected before the valve terminus. Apical pore fields are found on the valve mantle only (Figs 412 – 413). Internally, the proximal raphe ends are recurved, and helictoglossae are prominent (Figs 414 – 416). Pseudosepta are small at the valve apex (Figs 414 – 416).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A48DD18B6FDF8A0F1ECFD72.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Middle Island, Ohlon Gate, 1998, Darwin Initiative sample (COLO slide for Station 8, number 8.0, holotype designated here (= Fig. 319); IBIW slide no. Station 8, number 8.0 m, isotype).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A48DD18B6FDF8A0F1ECFD72.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Named in honor of Dr. Nina I. Strelnikova, for her many contributions to the study of diatoms. Observations: — Gomphoneis strelnikovae differs from G. potapovae by having protracted apices and a valve outline that is more rounded, not angular.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A49DD18B6FDFAEBF21CF875.taxon	description	Internally, valves of G. capitata appear to express only two of the isolated stigmoids (Figs 393, 394). Other features of the valve interior include proximal raphe ends recurved in the same direction, helictoglossae aligned with the axis of the raphe, and pseudosepta at the apices (Figs 392 – 394). Externally, the raphe has prominently dilated proximal ends and distal ends that are barely deflected onto the mantle (Fig. 396). Striae are doubly-punctate and terminate near the axial area with one or two areolae. The apical pore fields look like they are condensed striae (Fig. 396).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A49DD18B6FDFAEBF21CF875.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Middle Island, Ohlon Gate, 1998, Darwin Initiative sample (COLO slide for Station 8, number 8.1, holotype designated here (= Fig. 336); IBIW slide no. Station 8, number 8.1 m, isotype). Observations: — This species is more linear, narrower, and has more protracted apices than G. fourtanierae.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A49DD18B6FDFCDDF3D0FB69.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Middle Island, Ohlon Gate, 1998, Darwin Initiative sample (COLO slide for Station 8, number 8.1, holotype designated here (= Fig. 333); IBIW slide no. Station 8, number 8.1 m, isotype).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4EDD1FB6FCFF63F3D0FDD6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Cape Khoboj, stones and algae, 1998, Darwin Initiative sample (COLO slide for Station 9, number 9, holotype designated here (= Fig. 353); IBIW slide no. Station 9, number 9 m, isotype).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4FDD1EB6FDFD93F650FBAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Boldakovo, on algae, N 52 o 35.694, E 107 o 17.142, 16.07.2011, leg. M. Kulikovskiy (IBIW slide no. 18572 m, holotype designated here (= Fig. 366); COLO slide no. 18572 p). Observations: — It is not clear to us if the specimen illustrated in figure 365 belongs here, due to the shape of the valve, especially the footpole. However, we have only seen one valve with this unique shape to date.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4FDD1EB6FDFF63F658FDB0.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — RUSSIA: Lake Baikal, Cape Khoboj, stones and algae, 1998, Darwin Initiative sample (COLO slide for Station 9, number 9, holotype designated here (= Fig. 364); IBIW slide no. Station 9, number 9 m, isotype).	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4DDD1CB6FDFE38F1B3FD16.taxon	description	80, figs 1 – 4, pl. 81, fis 3, 4, pl. 82, figs 1 – 4.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
242F87F03A4DDD1CB6FDFCCBF7CAF85A.taxon	description	There were several taxa and features that were variable across members of the genus. For example G. lata has robust interstriae and in some specimens or on certain portions of the valve (apices), striae were composed of both 2 and 3 rows of areolae. Gomphoneis lata and G. tumida (see figures 383 – 387) both exhibited stigmoids with teeth-like projections internally, and that feature is also present in G. marvanii (Reichardt 2009, figure 82). Gomphoneis hastata and its allies, as well as G. eriensioides (figures 398, 401), have external stigma openings that occur in small depressions on the valve face. Internally, the stigmoids are occluded, and there are small openings around the stigma. Also, relative to the stigmoids, G. capitata showed 4 isolated stigmoids externally, but only two stigma openings internally (Figs 392 – 395). Internal stigma openings are not occluded in G. capitata sp. nov., and this feature is also seen in G. inconspicua sp. nov. (Fig. 409), G. skabitchevskii sp. nov. (Fig. 410) and G. cf. subcapitata (Fig. 406). Position of the apical pore field in most Gomphoneis taxa is both on the valve face and valve mantle. This is known in both major groups within the genus, and across many taxa in the Elegans subgroup (Kociolek & Stoermer 1986, 1988 b; Levkov et al. 2007; Tuji 2005; You et al. 2013). There were two taxa in Lake Baikal, however, where the apical pore fields were structured differently. In G. potapovae sp. nov. (Figs 417, 418), and G. strelinkovae sp. nov. (Fig. 412, 413), the apical pore field does not extend onto the valve face, but rather is restricted to the valve mantle; this is also seen in G. sp. cf. reichardtii (Fig. 421). This variation in the valve structure in stigmoid or astigmoid groups of Gomphoneis has not been recognized previously. Further assessment of these features in recently described, or historically known taxa, may help to further resolve evolutionary relationships of the Gomphoneis taxa within and outside of Lake Baikal. Such a detailed understanding of the relationships of these taxa may yield an understanding of the distributions across the lake and the arc eastward from the Balkans to eastern Asia through NW China, Mongolia, Lake Baikal and the Russian Far East to Japan, and westward from North America.	en	Kociolek, John P., Kulikovskiy, Maxim S., Solak, Cüneyt N. (2013): The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia. Phytotaxa 154 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.1
