identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2467EF72DC04FFE3FF1F391BFC6CF8A2.text	2467EF72DC04FFE3FF1F391BFC6CF8A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palola Gray	<div><p>Genus Palola Gray in Stair, 1847</p><p>Palola Gray in Stair, 1847: 1718.— Fauchald 1992: 1179 –1181.</p><p>Type-species. Palola viridis Gray in Stair, 1847, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Eunicids with calcified, scoop-shaped mandibles. Three antennae (1 medial, 2 lateral) and one pair of palps arranged in a horseshoe shape on prostomium. Peristomium consisting of two rings, with peristomial cirri on second peristomial ring. Chaetal arrangement lacking subacicular hooks and pectinate chaetae along the entire body; branchiae simple, if present, usually from the mid-body region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2467EF72DC04FFE3FF1F391BFC6CF8A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schulze, Anja	Schulze, Anja (2015): Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 695-706, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.23
2467EF72DC02FFE4FF1F3F96FB58FC6D.text	2467EF72DC02FFE4FF1F3F96FB58FC6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palola Lizard	<div><p>Palola Lizard Island Clade 1</p><p>(Fig. 2 A–C)</p><p>Material examined. AM W.43974, MI QLD 2344, sequenced; AM W.44034, MI QLD 2352 (3, 1 sequenced and photographed); AM W.44146, MI QLD 2356 (3, 1 sequenced and photographed); AM W.44128, MI QLD 2358, sequenced; AM W.44136, MI QLD 2358, sequenced; AM W.44894, MI QLD 2401, sequenced; AM W.44655, MI QLD 2398; AM W.44656, MI QLD 2398; AM W.44925, MI QLD 2390; AM W.44202, MI QLD 2359; AM W.43912, MI QLD 2335.</p><p>Description. Specimens small and threadlike. Anterior fragments examined for all sequenced specimens, ranging in length from 7 to 18 mm and from 0.6 to 1.7 mm in width; with 38–78 chaetigers. Branchiae only observed in one specimen (AM W.44034) from chaetiger 62 to the end of the fragment. No ventral eyespots. Head and body generally without pigmentation but with iridescent shine, or, if pigmentation is present light brown and restricted to prostomium and peristomium (Fig. 2 A). Mandibles usually protruding from mouth, thin and nearly transparent with serrated anterior margin (Fig. 2 B). Maxillae not examined. Antennae, palps and peristomial and parapodial cirri without pigment. Antennae and palps wrinkled, in preserved material, tapering and pointy tip. Median antenna reaches to chaetiger 2 or 3, lateral antennae reach to chaetiger 1 or 2 and palps reach to first or second peristomial ring. Tapering peristomial cirri reach forward to about 3/4 of the length of first peristomial ring. Eyes dark, oval or with ventral notch and nestled between lateral antennae and palps. Acicula brown. Other chaetae not examined. Dark pigment spots on dorsal side of posterior parapodia observed in two specimens (AM W.44034; AM W.44.136) (Fig. 2 C).</p><p>Remarks. Although only distantly related in the phylogenetic tree and representing different species groups, Palola Lizard Island clade 1 is morphologically most similar to clade 5. Members of both clades are thin and threadlike, almost entirely lack pigmentation and have relatively thin and transparent mandibles. They can be distinguished by the relative length of the first and second peristomial rings: in clade 1, the first peristomial ring is 1.5 to 2 times as long as the second when viewed in the midlateral line where as in clade 5 they are more similar in length. Despite the morphological similarities, COI sequences are 26.9% divergent (Kimura-2-Parameter model) between clades 1 and 5. Palola Lizard Island Clade 1 falls into species group A and is the sister group to a clade with an extremely wide geographic distribution throughout the tropical Eastern and Western Pacific, referred to as clade A 1 in Schulze (2006) and Schulze &amp; Timm (2012). The average genetic distance to this clade is only 1.9% and the two might represent the same species, although they are reciprocally monophyletic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2467EF72DC02FFE4FF1F3F96FB58FC6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schulze, Anja	Schulze, Anja (2015): Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 695-706, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.23
2467EF72DC03FFE4FF1F3CD2FB6CF8EE.text	2467EF72DC03FFE4FF1F3CD2FB6CF8EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palola Lizard	<div><p>Palola Lizard Island Clade 2</p><p>(Fig. 2 D–F)</p><p>Material examined. AM W.44914, MI QLD 2401, sequenced and photographed; AM W.44006, MI QLD 2341, sequenced; AM W.44181, MI QLD 2359, sequenced; AM W.44337, MI QLD 2359, juvenile.</p><p>Description. One of the specimens (AM W.44914) much larger (Fig. 2 D, E) than the others which are thin and threadlike (Fig. 2 F). Anterior fragments closely examined for the three sequenced specimens. The larger specimen (AM W.44914) is 52 mm long and up to 5 mm wide with 165 chaetigers. The smaller specimens are 5 mm long and 0.7 mm wide (AM W.44181) and 9 mm long and 1 mm wide (AM W.44006) with 34 and 63 chaetigers, respectively. Branchiae present in AM W.44914 from chaetiger 123 to end of fragment. No ventral eyespots. Mandibles protruding from mouth in smaller specimens; thin and almost transparent. Head and body in larger specimens with brown pigment dorsally on prostomium and posterior portions of peristomial rings and anterior chaetigers (Fig. 2 D–E). Antennae, palps and peristomial and parapodial cirri without pigment. Smaller specimens without pigmentation. Antennae and palps slightly medially inflated in larger specimen and with a blunt tip. In AM W.44914 median antenna reaches to chaetiger 4, lateral antennae reach to chaetiger 2 and palps to first peristomial ring. Tapering peristomial cirri reach forward to first peristomial ring. Eyes dark, round with a ventral notch and nestled between lateral antennae and palps. Acicula brown. Other chaetae not examined.</p><p>Remarks. The smaller specimens belonging to this clade are difficult to distinguish from members of clades 1 and 5 which are also largely without pigmentation. However, in clades 1 and 5 the anterior margins of the mandibles are serrated, whereas they are smooth in clades 3 and 4. The larger specimens show a distinctive pigmentation pattern with brown pigment in the posterior, dorsal portion of the peristomial rings and anterior chaetigers and distinctive shape of antennae and palps. The latter are slightly medially inflated and have blunt tips, as opposed to tapering with sharp tips as in the other clades. Palola Lizard Island Clade 2 falls into species group A and the mean genetic distance to any of the other clades in species group A is 20% and over.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2467EF72DC03FFE4FF1F3CD2FB6CF8EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schulze, Anja	Schulze, Anja (2015): Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 695-706, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.23
2467EF72DC03FFE6FF1F384EFBEBFF1D.text	2467EF72DC03FFE6FF1F384EFBEBFF1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palola Lizard	<div><p>Palola Lizard Island Clade 3</p><p>(Fig. 3 A–B)</p><p>Material examined. AM W.44407, MI QLD 2390, sequenced and photographed; AM W.44829, MI QLD 2424; AM W.44641, MI QLD 2413.</p><p>Description. Specimens thin and threadlike. Anterior fragment of AM W.44407 was closely examined (Fig. 3 A, B): 15 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, with 67 chaetigers. No branchiae or ventral eyespots present. Mandibles protruding from mouth and relatively thin with a smooth, unserrated anterior margin (Fig. 3 B). Maxillae not examined. Head and body with faint, relatively uniform brown pigment dorsally on prostomium, peristomium and anterior chaetigers. Antennae, palps and peristomial and parapodial cirri without pigment. Antennae and palps wrinkled, tapering and with pointy tip. Median antenna reaching chaetiger 2, lateral antennae chaetiger 1 and palps second peristomial ring. Tapering peristomial cirri reaching forward to about ¾ of the anterior peristomial ring. Eyes dark, round to oval shaped and nestled between lateral antennae and palps. Acicula brown. Other chaetae not examined.</p><p>Remarks. Clade 3 is morphologically very similar to clade 4. Both belong to species group A, are thin and threadlike and have faint brown dorsal pigmentation in the anterior body regions, and have mandibles with smooth anterior margins. The two can be distinguished by the relative length of their antennae. Whereas in clade 3 the median and lateral antennae are similar in length, in clade 4 the lateral antennae are only ~2/3 the length of the median antenna. The two clades differ by over 20% in COI sequence divergence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2467EF72DC03FFE6FF1F384EFBEBFF1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schulze, Anja	Schulze, Anja (2015): Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 695-706, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.23
2467EF72DC01FFE6FF1F3E02FA9AFCFE.text	2467EF72DC01FFE6FF1F3E02FA9AFCFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palola Lizard	<div><p>Palola Lizard Island Clade 4</p><p>(Fig. 3 C, D)</p><p>Material examined. AM W.44403, MI QLD 2371, sequenced; AM W.44653, MI QLD 2413, sequenced and photographed; AM W.44324, MI QLD 2375; AM W.44642, MI QLD 2413.</p><p>Description. Specimens thin and threadlike. Anterior fragments of the two sequenced specimens closely examined (Fig. 3 C, D). Fragments 9–13 mm long and 1 mm wide, with 35 and 75 chaetigers, respectively. No branchiae or ventral eyespots present. Mandibles protruding from mouth and relatively thin with a smooth, unserrated anterior margin (Fig. 3 D). Maxillae not examined. Head and body with faint, relatively uniform brown pigment dorsally on prostomium, peristomium and anterior chaetigers. Antennae, palps, peristomial and parapodial cirri without pigment. Antennae and palps wrinkled, tapering and with pointy tip. Median antenna reaching chaetiger 2 or 3, lateral antennae to chaetiger 1 or 2 and palps to first or second peristomial ring. Tapering peristomial cirri reaching forward to about ¾ of the anterior peristomial ring. Eyes dark, round with a ventral notch and nestled between lateral antennae and palps. Acicula brown. Other chaetae not examined.</p><p>Remarks. Palola Lizard Island Clade 4 falls into species group A. As mentioned above, clades 3 and 4 are morphologically very similar to each other but can be distinguished by the relative lengths of their antennae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2467EF72DC01FFE6FF1F3E02FA9AFCFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schulze, Anja	Schulze, Anja (2015): Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 695-706, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.23
2467EF72DC01FFE6FF1F3C67FB08FA52.text	2467EF72DC01FFE6FF1F3C67FB08FA52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palola Lizard	<div><p>Palola Lizard Island Clade 5</p><p>(Fig. 3 E, F)</p><p>Material examined. AM W.44146, MI QLD 2356 (2, 1 sequenced and photographed); AM W.44155, MI QLD 2353, sequenced; AM W.44202, MI QLD 2359; AM W.44352, MI QLD 2371; AM W.45119, MI QLD 2435.</p><p>Description. Specimens thin and threadlike. Only the sequenced fragment of specimen AM W.44146 is described in detail here (Fig. 3 E). The only other sequenced specimen (AM W.44155) is minuscule, broken into several fragments and probably a juvenile. Specimen AM W.44146 is 11 mm long and 0.7 mm wide with 50 chaetigers. No branchiae or ventral eyespots present. Mandibles protruding from mouth and very thin with a serrated anterior margin (Fig. 3 F). Maxillae not examined. Head and body without pigmentation. Antennae and palps wrinkled, tapering and with pointy tips. Median antenna reaching chaetiger 2, lateral antennae chaetiger 1 and palps first peristomial ring. Peristomial cirri absent or lost. Eyes dark, round with a ventral notch and nestled between lateral antennae and palps. Acicula brown. Other chaetae not examined.</p><p>Remarks. Clade 5 belongs to species group B. As mentioned above, clades 1 and 5 are morphologically very similar but can be distinguished by the relative length of the peristomial rings in the mid-lateral line. In clade 1 the anterior peristomial ring is substantially longer while they are nearly the same length in clade 5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2467EF72DC01FFE6FF1F3C67FB08FA52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schulze, Anja	Schulze, Anja (2015): Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 695-706, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.23
2467EF72DC01FFE9FF1F3AC9FECEF9DA.text	2467EF72DC01FFE9FF1F3AC9FECEF9DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palola Lizard	<div><p>Palola Lizard Island Clade 6</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Material examined. AM W.43782, MI QLD 2335, sequenced; AM W.43905, MI QLD 2331, sequenced and photographed; AM W.44010, MI QLD 2341, sequenced; AM W.44129, MI QLD 2356, sequenced; AM W.44192, MI QLD 2359, (2, 1 sequenced); AM W.44645, MI QLD 2410, sequenced and photographed; AM W.44330, MI QLD 2359 (2); AM W.44334, MI QLD 2371; AM W.44652, MI QLD 2413; AM W.43914, MI QLD 2337.</p><p>Description. Most specimens relatively large with strongly calcified mandibles protruding from mouth. Anterior fragments closely examined for all sequenced specimens, ranging in size from 11 mm to 50 mm, 1.5–3 mm wide; with 41 to 153 chaetigers. Dorsoventrally flattened with a deep ventral groove. Some larger fragments with branchiae, starting from chaetiger 77 (AM W.44645) to chaetiger 98 (AM W.43906). No ventral eyespots. Head and body pigmented, particularly dorsally, with fairly uniform brown pigment (Fig. 2 A, B). Antennae, palps and peristomial cirri without pigment. Antennae and palps wrinkled, in preserved material, tapering and pointy tip. Median antenna generally reaches to chaetiger 4, lateral antennae to chaetiger 2 or 3 and palps to posterior end of first or to second peristomial ring. Tapering peristomial cirri reach forward at least to anterior margin of first peristomial ring or beyond. Eyes dark, round with a ventral notch and nestled between lateral antennae and palps. Bases of ventral cirri strongly inflated after chaetiger 10. Chaetiger 10 with single dark acicula, single capillary chaetae and multiple compound falcigers (Fig. 4 C, D).</p><p>Remarks. This is the most morphologically distinctive of the six clades found on Lizard Island. Members of Palola clade 6 can be distinguished from the other clades by the relatively uniform dark brown pigmentation and the long peristomial cirri which often reach forward to the eyes or beyond. This clade is the most closely related to the type species of the genus, Palola viridis, but can be distinguished from it by the shorter antennae: in P. viridis, the median antenna reaches to chaetiger 10 (Fauchald 1992) and only to chaetiger 4 in Palola Lizard Island clade 6. The average genetic divergence between the two lineages is 20% (Kimura-2-parameter model) for COI. Posterior ends are missing in all of the specimens, but even the longer fragments do not have ventral eyespots as reported in P. viridis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2467EF72DC01FFE9FF1F3AC9FECEF9DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schulze, Anja	Schulze, Anja (2015): Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 695-706, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.23
2467EF72DC0EFFE9FF1F3958FA54F839.text	2467EF72DC0EFFE9FF1F3958FA54F839.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palola	<div><p>Key to Palola clades from Lizard Island</p><p>1 Peristomial cirri reach at least to or beyond anterior margin of peristomium; fairly uniform brown pigmentation dorsally.............................................................................................. Palola clade 6</p><p>– Peristomial cirri not reaching to anterior margin of anterior peristomial ring; pigmentation, if present, faint or limited to poste- rior margins of segments................................................................................ 2</p><p>2. (1) Antennae and palps smooth and blunt-tipped..................................................... Palola clade 2</p><p>– Antennae wrinkled and with a pointy tip................................................................... 3</p><p>3. (2) Anterior margins of mandibles serrated.................................................................... 4</p><p>– Anterior margins of mandibles with a smooth edge........................................................... 5</p><p>4. (3) First peristomial ring 1.5 to 2 times as long as second peristomial ring in lateral mid-line.................. Palola clade 1</p><p>– First and second peristomial rings nearly equal in length in lateral midline.............................. Palola clade 5</p><p>5. (3) Lateral antennae about 2/3 the length of the median antenna......................................... Palola clade 4</p><p>– Lateral and median antennae more similar in length to each other..................................... Palola clade 3</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2467EF72DC0EFFE9FF1F3958FA54F839	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schulze, Anja	Schulze, Anja (2015): Six genetically distinct clades of Palola (Eunicidae, Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Zootaxa 4019 (1): 695-706, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.23
