taxonID	type	description	language	source
2503879EFFDA7F13FF05FC30E09FDEB3.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. NMMB-P 11115 (496 mm TL), Daxi, Yilan, NE Taiwan, northwestern Pacific, bottom trawl, ca. 200 – 400 m, 12 May 2006. Paratypes. NMMB-P 22194 (443), collected with the holotype. USNM 427172 (2, 192 – 248), Dong-gang, southwestern Taiwan, market, 16 Nov. 2007.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDA7F13FF05FC30E09FDEB3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin slightly in front of level of pectoral-fin base; anus well behind tip of pectoral fin; trunk very short; two intermaxillary teeth; 4 compound teeth on vomer; single row of 7 – 10 large compound teeth on lower jaw; head pores: IO 4, SO 3, M 6, POP 0, AD 1, F 0, ST 0; lateral-line pores: predorsal 4 – 5, prepectoral 5 – 7, preanal 9 – 12, total 40 – 48, the last to about half of total length. Vertebrae: predorsal 9 – 10, preanal 13 – 17, total 137 – 139; MVF 9 - 15 - 138. Body uniformly brownish, lower part of posterior one-eighth of body darker, with black base and margin on rear part of anal fin and lower part of caudal fin.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDA7F13FF05FC30E09FDEB3.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data of the holotype (in mm): total length 496; head length 63.5; predorsal length 60.1; preanal length 83; trunk length 16.5; tail length 413; depth at gill opening 23.5; width at gill opening 16.7; depth at anus 26.5; width at anus 17.4; eye diameter 3.9; interorbital width 9.4; snout length 14.1; rictus 27.4; postorbital length 47.2; gill opening 6.6; interbranchial width 9.7. The following values are given for the holotype, followed by that of paratypes in parentheses. Head relatively short, 12.8 (10.5 – 12.7) % TL; origin of dorsal fin slightly in front of a vertical through gill opening, predorsal length 12.1 (11.3 – 11.9) % TL; trunk very short, 3.3 (2.8 – 3.8) % TL, 26.0 (26.2 – 34.5) % HL; anus at one pectoral-fin length behind tip of fin; origin of anal fin immediately behind anus, preanal length 16.7 (13.3 – 16.5) % TL; tail long, tail length 83.3 (83.5 – 85.4) % TL. Body moderately slender, head and trunk somewhat cylindrical, becoming gradually compressed to rear end; body width at anus 3.5 (2.2 – 2.8) % TL; body depth relatively uniform, depth at anus 5.3 (2.5 – 4.2) % TL, narrowing gradually to caudal fin; depth of gill opening 4.7 (3.4 – 3.7) % TL. Dorsal and anal fins low and fleshy, continuous with a small caudal fin. Pectoral fin well-developed, at upper corner of gill opening. Head slender in profile; snout blunt anteriorly and broad dorsally, covered by many short papillae, snout length 22.2 (24.4 – 26.7) % HL; tip of snout projecting slightly beyond lower jaw; eye small, covered by a thick and semitransparent membrane; eye diameter 6.1 (4.7 – 7.5) % HL; interorbital space broad, slightly elevated, its width 14.8 (13.9 – 15.1) % HL; postorbital space very wide. Anterior nostrils tubular, directed anteroventrally. Posterior nostril rounded, below anterior margin of eye, opening directed posteroventrally. Lower jaw shorter than upper, its tip reaching first pore of supraorbital series. Mouth gape far behind eye, upper jaw length 43.1 (41.1 – 42.2) % HL. Tongue well-attached to mouth floor. Gill opening a narrow slit. Head and lateral-line pores large (Fig. 2 A). Supraorbital pores 3, all restricted to anterior portion of snout; infraorbital pores 4, 2 pores between nostrils and 2 below eye; mandibular pores 6, all under mouth gape; preopercular pores 0; adnasal 1; supratemporal commissure 0; frontal 0. Lateral line incomplete, extending to midbody, predorsal 5 (4 or 5), prepectoral 7 (4 or 5), preanal 12 (9 – 12) and total 45 (right) / 48 (left) (40 – 45). Teeth (Fig. 2 B) small and pointed. Intermaxillary teeth 2, side-by-side, followed by 4 large compound vomerine teeth, uniserial, the third one largest. Maxillary with 3 to 4 irregular rows of small teeth, those in inner row slightly larger than the rest. Lower jaw with single row of 7 (7 – 10) large compound teeth; two smaller paratypes with 1 – 3 much smaller embedded compound teeth behind these exposed teeth, which can only be seen on the x-ray. * Values in brackets from a single 312 mm specimen (part of NMMB-P 11121). Mean vertebral formula 9 - 13 - 139; predorsal vertebrae 9 – 10, preanal vertebrae 13 – 17 and total vertebrae 137 – 139. Coloration. Fresh color unknown. When preserved (Figs. 1 A – B), uniformly brownish including all fins; lower part of posterior one-eighth of body darker, with black base and margin on rear part of anal fin and lower part of caudal fin. Peritoneum dark grayish. Mouth cavity light brownish.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDA7F13FF05FC30E09FDEB3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the type specimens collected from off Taiwan at depths around 200 – 400 meters. Etymology. The specific name is derived from its type locality, Taiwan. Comparison. Dysomma taiwanensis sp. nov. is closely similar to D. anguillare in its body proportions and dentition. It differs from D. anguillare in having more total vertebrae (137 – 139 vs. 119 – 128, 119 – 130 in Robins & Robins, 1989) and fewer total lateral-line pores (40 – 48 vs. 57 – 75). The coloration of D. taiwanensis is somewhat different from D. anguillare; the type specimens of D. taiwanensis have uniformly brown coloration whereas D. anguillare usually has a darker dorsal surface and a paler ventral surface to uniformly black. However, many specimens of D. anguillare collected by midwater trawl (e. g. epipelagic zone less than 100 meters) may have paler body coloration. Although D. taiwanensis co-occurs with D. anguillare in Taiwan, only four specimens were found among hundreds specimens in the collection, which may suggest either that D. taiwanensis is a rare species and its population is far smaller than that of D. anguillare, or that D. taiwanensis is more abundant at other depths and localities. It is also similar to D. polycatodon but can be distinguished by the dentition on the lower jaw (single row of large compound teeth in D. taiwanensis vs. single row of two large anterior teeth followed by 22 – 31 small teeth) and by the total lateral-line pores (40 – 48 vs. 65 – 78). Moreover, D. taiwanensis has a uniformly brown body, whereas that of D. polycatodon is pale to light brown, and the posterior margin of the anal fin and lower half of the caudal fin are black in D. taiwanensis, whereas they are white in D. polycatodon.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDA7F13FF05FC30E09FDEB3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. It is notable that two large specimens (443 – 496 mm TL) have only 7 compound mandibular teeth, whereas two small paratypes (192 – 248 mm TL) have 8 – 10 larger teeth anteriorly and 1 – 3 much smaller posterior teeth which can only be seen on the x-ray, not with direct observation of the specimens, at least without damaging the rear of the jaws. This variation may be attributed to change with growth.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDE7F10FF05FE73E650D8B3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin slightly anterior to pectoral-fin base, predorsal length 10.7 – 13.1 % TL; anus anterior, below tip of pectoral fin, preanal length 15.9 – 18.9 % TL; trunk very short, 2.8 – 5.5 % TL; two intermaxillary teeth; 4 compound teeth on vomer; single row of 9 – 11 large compound teeth on lower jaw; head pores: IO 4, SO 3; M 6; POP 0; AD 1, F 0, ST 0; lateral-line pores: predorsal 3 – 6, prepectoral 6 – 9, preanal 8 – 12, total 57 – 75, the last at posterior two-thirds of total length; MVF 8 - 14 - 124, total vertebrae 119 – 128 (119 – 130 in Robins & Robins, 1989). Body light brown to blackish dorsally, paler ventrally. Dorsal fin and most part of anal fin white; posterior margin of anal fin with black and white color. Caudal fin black with upper margin white.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDE7F10FF05FE73E650D8B3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widespread in the Indo-west Pacific and Atlantic oceans, although the taxonomic status of the various geographic populations is still to be determined. In Taiwan, it is the most abundant species of Dysomma and can be collected by bottom and midwater trawls from near the surface (<50 m) to as deep as 600 m.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDC7F1EFF05FF37E393DA2E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. No pectoral fin; dorsal-fin origin about 0.8 – 1 HL behind gill opening, predorsal length 16.5 – 19.1 % TL; anus posterior, about 1.5 time of HL behind gill opening, preanal length 23.3 – 28.6 % TL; trunk long, trunk length 14.3 – 17.7 % TL; two intermaxillary teeth; 2 irregular rows of small blunt teeth on upper jaw; 2 or 3 (mainly 3) compound teeth on vomer; single row of 4 or 5 small compound teeth followed by 1 or 2 irregular rows of small blunt teeth on lower jaw; short cirri on surfaces of chin and jaws; head pores: IO 4, SO 3, M 6 (1 with 7), POP 1, AD 1, F 0, ST 0; lateral-line pores large, prepectoral 5 or 6, total 9 – 11, the last at slightly beyond the gill opening posteriorly; MVF 18 - 27 - 153, total vertebrae 146 – 156. Body light pinkish to light grayish dorsally when fresh with a black margin at posterior portion of anal fin; light brownish to grayish when preserved.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDC7F1EFF05FF37E393DA2E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Indo-west Pacific off Madagascar, Taiwan, Philippines, and Solomon Islands at depth 105 – 897 m.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFDC7F1EFF05FF37E393DA2E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is common in the by-catch in Taiwan. It is usually collected by midwater trawlers together with many mesopelagic fishes, which would indicate pelagic living. However, many specimens are also found to feed on polychelids, a demersal shrimp family. Dysomma dolichosomatum is the only species found to possess one preopercular pore and a very short lateral line, with only 9 – 11 pores, among all Taiwanese species. It is similar to D. brevirostre, D. muciparus and D. tridens in lacking a pectoral fin. It differs from D. brevirostre by having tiny papillae on the head and snout (vs. large papillae and ridges) and total vertebrae 146 – 156 (vs. 195 – 205 in Robins & Robins, 1989); from D. muciparus by having trunk 1.4 – 1.9 times in head length (vs. less than 1 time in head length) and 146 – 156 total vertebrae (vs. 153 – 157); and from D. tridens by having 2 intermaxillary teeth (vs. three large compressed teeth) and by having 146 – 156 total vertebrae (vs. 175). Our specimens have a broader range of total vertebrae (146 – 156) compared to 151 – 152 reported for the types by Karrer (1983). One 312 mm specimen out of NMMB-P 11121 had a relatively long predorsal measurement (23.4 % of TL) and high predorsal vertebral count (25 vertebrae). While it is possible that this specimen may represent a different species, the close correspondence of all other counts and measurements with the other specimens of D. dolichosomatum from Taiwan indicates that it is probably a specimen with an aberrant dorsal origin.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD37F1CFF05FACFE02ED9C8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin before pectoral-fin base, predorsal length 10.7 % TL; anus anterior, just below pectoral fin, preanal length 16.2 % TL; trunk very short, trunk length 4.0 % TL; no intermaxillary teeth; multiple rows of teeth on upper jaw; 4 compound teeth on vomer; teeth on lower jaw multiserial, those on inner row slightly enlarged; lateral line short; and MVF 10 - 15 - 123. [Data adapted from Chen & Mok, 2001].	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD37F1CFF05FACFE02ED9C8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. No specimen from Taiwan is available for this study. Mok in Shen et al. (1993) first recorded the present species from Taiwan, but no voucher was mentioned. One specimen (NSYSU 2607, 207 mm TL) examined by Chen & Mok (2001) has only 123 total vertebrae, less than 130 – 131 provided by Robins & Robins (1989). However, we could not locate this specimen. More investigations are needed of the population in Taiwan.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD37F1CFF05FACFE02ED9C8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; origin of dorsal fin above tip of pectoral fin, predorsal length 17.9 – 18.6 % TL; no intermaxillary teeth; snout very long, its length 25.7 – 32.1 % HL; jaw long and slender, upper jaw length 42.0 – 52.1 % HL; anus posterior, far behind pectoral fin, preanal length 24.0 – 24.3 % TL; trunk moderately long, trunk length 9.7 – 10.3 % TL; multiple rows of teeth on upper jaw; 5 compound teeth on vomer; multiple rows of small teeth on lower jaw, those on inner row larger than the rest; head pores: SO 5, IO 8 (2 between nostrils, 2 below eye, 4 behind eye), M 7, POP 2, AD 1, ST 0, F 1; lateral-line pores: predorsal 11, prepectoral 3 – 6, preanal 20, total ca. 77 or ca. 96, the last at 2 / 3 HL before caudal fin; MVF 14 - 24 - 130 (holotype only). Body uniformly brown when preserved. [Data adapted from Chen & Mok, 2001 and based on present study].	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD37F1CFF05FACFE02ED9C8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. One additional specimen was found in the MNHN collection that represents the second record of the species, in New Caledonia. Dysomma longirostrum is the only member with four head pores behind the eye and two POP pores among all congeners. There is one frontal pore in the holotype whereas the MNHN specimen has none. The count of total lateral-line pores is not accurate because the posterior portion of the lateral line (behind anus) is broken into small canals, each canal connects two pores. These canals are not evenly spaced and sometimes have additional pores in the space between two canals. However, this may be used as a diagnostic character because the other congeners examined in the present work all have a continuous lateral line.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD17F1AFF05F8A9E0D3DFE6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin above middle of pectoral fin, predorsal length 11.5 – 15.0 % TL; lower jaw longer than upper jaw, slightly curved and not appressed to upper jaw when mouth closed; anus anterior, below pectoral fin, preanal length 15.4 – 17.3 % TL; trunk very short, trunk length 3.0 – 5.3 % TL; no intermaxillary teeth; multiple rows of teeth on upper jaw, those on innermost row about twice the size of the rest; 5 or 6 (mainly 5) compound teeth on vomer; multiple rows of teeth on lower jaw, those on innermost row about twice the size of the rest; head pores: IO 4, SO 3, M 7 (1 with 8), POP 0, AD 1, F 0, ST 0. Lateral-line pores very large, predorsal 10 – 13, prepectoral 8 – 11, preanal 11 – 17, total pores 107 – 117, the last to 1 / 2 HL before the caudal-fin base. MVF 13 - 14 - 135, total vertebrae 131 – 138. Body uniformly light pinkish to grayish with numerous melanophores, posterior margin of anal fin and caudal fin black.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD17F1AFF05F8A9E0D3DFE6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has a very different morphology of its lower jaw, strongly curved and not appressed to the upper jaw when the mouth is closed. This may reflect its pelagic living. Many specimens are found to feed on pelagic shrimps. This is a small species; the largest specimen examined was only 297 mm TL. Robins & Robins (1976: 263) suggested that the projecting lower jaw of this species was an artifact, based on the damaged condition of the specimen they examined (THUP 1687, now the lectotype). We have examined 25 specimens, however, and they all have a clearly projecting lower jaw.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD77F1BFF05FE87E00DDC0B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin in front of level of pectoral-fin base, predorsal length 10.6 % TL; anus posterior, far behind tip of pectoral fin, preanal length 35.1 % TL; trunk very long, trunk length 20.2 % TL; 2 intermaxillary teeth; 4 compound teeth on vomer; multiple rows of small teeth on upper jaw; single row of 7 or 8 large compound teeth on lower jaw; head pores: IO 4, SO 3, M 7, POP 0, AD 1; lateral-line pores: prepectoral 6, preanal 24, lateral line runs to more than 2 head length before caudal fin; preanal vertebrae 35, total vertebrae 120. Body brownish dorsally and paler ventrally with lower part of posterior margin of anal fin and caudal fin black. [Data adapted from Chen & Mok, 1995]	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD77F1BFF05FE87E00DDC0B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype and only known specimen was not available for our study because its whereabouts is unknown. Dysomma opisthoproctus can be separated from all Taiwanese congeners except D. dolichosomatum and D. longirostrum by the posterior position of the anus. It differs from D. dolichosomatum by having a pectoral fin (vs. absent) and 7 or 8 larger compound teeth on lower jaw (vs. 4 or 5 small compound teeth followed by 1 or 2 irregular rows of small blunt teeth on lower jaw) and 120 total vertebrae (vs. 147 – 156). It differs from D. longirostrum by having 2 intermaxillary teeth (vs. 0), a relatively short snout (22.0 % vs. 32.1 % HL), 7 or 8 large compound teeth (vs. small multiserial teeth) on lower jaw, 120 (vs. 130) total vertebrae, and lacking POP pores (vs. 2 POP pores). It is also similar to Dysommina rugosa in the posterior position of its anus and a similar external appearance, but differs by having lateral-line pores (vs. absent), a single row of compound teeth (vs. small multiserial teeth) on the lower jaw, 120 (vs. 127 – 134) total vertebrae, presence of intermaxillary teeth (vs. absent), and well-developed papillae on both jaws (vs. slightly developed).	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD67F1BFF05FCEBE766D8B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin anterior tolevel of pectoral fin base, predorsal length 10.0 – 12.9 % TL; anus anterior, just below pectoral fin, preanal length 15.5 – 18.2 % TL; trunk very short, trunk length 2.4 – 3.9 % TL; 2 intermaxillary teeth; 3 compound teeth on vomer; 3 or 4 rows of small sharp teeth on upper jaw; single row of 2 large anterior teeth followed by 22 – 31 small sharp teeth on lower jaw; head pores: IO 4, SO 3, M 6, POP 0 (1 with 1), AD 1 (1 with 0); lateral-line pores: predorsal 3 – 5, prepectoral 5 – 7, preanal 8 – 11, and total 65 – 78, the last at about anterior two-thirds of total length; MVF 8 - 13 - 130, total vertebrae 128 – 133 (1 with 120). Body light grayish to brown dorsally, paler ventrally; posterior half of anal-fin base deep brown, and dorsal and anal fins with white margins.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD67F1BFF05FCEBE766D8B0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype of this species, collected off Madagascar, has 140 vertebrae (Karrer, 1983), significantly more than the specimens from Taiwan (128 – 133). One of two specimens in NMMB-P 18040 has only 120 total vertebrae. However, no other difference can be observed and the vertebrae appear to be complete. This specimen may represent a different species when more specimens are available.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD57F19FF05FA56E1E6DAAC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pectoral fin present; dorsal-fin origin over tip of pectoral fin, predorsal length 14.0 – 17.1 % TL; anus posterior, more than 1 head length behind pectoral fin, preanal length 26.8 – 28.8 % TL; trunk long, trunk length 12.8 – 16.4 % TL; no intermaxillary teeth; 4 compound teeth on vomer; multiple rows of teeth on upper jaw and lower jaw; head pores: IO 4, SO 3, M 6, POP 0, AD 1, ST 0, F 0; lateral-line pores absent; MVF 11 - 28 - 136, total vertebrae 133 – 141. Body light brownish dorsally, paler ventrally; dorsal and anal fins with white margin, posterior one third of anal-fin base and posterior one-seventh of anal fin black.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
2503879EFFD57F19FF05FA56E1E6DAAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widespread in tropical Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific Oceans. Specimens examined in present study were collected at depths of 376 – 609 m.	en	Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Smith, David G., Tighe, Kenneth A. (2015): Review of the arrowtooth eel genera Dysomma and Dysommina in Taiwan, with the description of a new species (Anguilliformes: Synaphobranchidae: Ilyophinae). Zootaxa 4060 (1): 86-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4060.1.12
