identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
22130210FFD0FFBCD01CFC0A0EE0F788.text	22130210FFD0FFBCD01CFC0A0EE0F788.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stutzeliastrobus F. HERRERA, SHI, P. KNOPF, B. L. ANDREW, ICHINN., M. TAKAHASHI et HEREND. 2017	<div><p>Stutzeliastrobus F.HERRERA, SHI, P.KNOPF, B.L.ANDREW, ICHINN., M.TAKAHASHI et HEREND., 2017</p> <p>T y p e: Stutzeliastrobus foliatus F. HERRERA et al., 2017,</p> <p>p. 27, figs 3–10.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n. The genus Stutzeliastrobus described from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia (Herrera et al. 2017) is based on well-preserved ovuliferous cones borne on Cyparissidium type twigs. Ovuliferous cones of Stutzeliastrobus are characterised by having thin, bilaterally symmetrical, bract-scale complexes bearing two to four winged seeds per cone scale complex. Its leaves are amphistomatic with the abaxial side showing stomata only in basal part. These characters are very similar to the studied material described by Bayer under the genus Cyparissidium (Bayer 1914, 1920).</p> <p>The most basal extant taxa of Cupressaceae, Cunninghamia and Taiwania, and Athrotaxis selaginoides (Gadek et al. 2000, Farjon and Ortiz-Garcia 2003, Farjon 2005, Schulz and Stützel 2007) share many similarities with Stutzeliastrobus. All have helically arranged needle-like leaves and terminal ovuliferous cones with a large number of helically arranged bract-scale complexes (where bract has dominant position) bearing seeds that are inverted at maturity (Farjon 2005, Schulz and Stützel 2007). Stutzeliastrobus differs from Cunninghamia in having a variable number (2– 4) seeds per bract-scale complex, winged seeds and imbricate leaves. It differs from Taiwania in having more than two seeds per cone scale. Taiwania is similar to Stutzeliastrobus in having the ovuliferous scale having built predominantly by a bract (forming a bract-scale complex) and being very flat with an imbricate arrangement. Athrotaxis selaginoides differs from Stutzeliastrobus in having a thicker and more elaborate bract-scale complex with terminal ligule-like scale. These characters place Stutzeliastrobus close to the basal monogeneric subfamily Taiwanioideae (Herrera et al. 2017).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/22130210FFD0FFBCD01CFC0A0EE0F788	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kvaček, Jiří;Heřmanová, Zuzana;Bruthansová, Jana;Karch, Jakub;Žemlička, Jan;Dudák, Jan	Kvaček, Jiří, Heřmanová, Zuzana, Bruthansová, Jana, Karch, Jakub, Žemlička, Jan, Dudák, Jan (2018): Stutzeliastrobus Bohemicus Comb. Nov. - Basal Cupressaceae Conifer From The Cenomanian Of The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Central Europe. Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2): 179-188, DOI: 10.2478/if-2018-0013, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0013
22130210FFD2FFBAD34FFA660A0AF95E.text	22130210FFD2FFBAD34FFA660A0AF95E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus (Kvaček & Heřmanová & Bruthansová & Karch & Žemlička & Dudák 2018) J. KVACEK, No. 2018	<div><p>Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus (BAYER) J.KVAČEK comb. nov.</p> <p>Text-figs 1–5</p> <p>B a s i o n y m. Cyparissidium bohemicum BAYER 1914, Archiv pro přírodovědecké prozkoumání Čech, 15(5), p. 43, text-figs 21–23.</p> <p>1914 Cyparissidium bohemicum BAYER, p. 43, text-figs 21–23.</p> <p>1920 Cyparissidium bohemicum BAYER; Bayer, p. 50, text-figs 21–23.</p> <p>1968 Cyparissidium bohemicum BAYER; Němejc, p. 393, text-fig. 301a, pl. 38, fig. 4.</p> <p>L e c t o t y p e. NM-F 2746, designated here in, Text-figs</p> <p>1a–f, 2, 3a, c–f, housed in the National Museum, Prague.</p> <p>P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r. PFN000138 for new combination; PFN000140 for lectotype designation.</p> <p>T y p e l o c a l i t y. Harcov near Dvůr Králové n.</p> <p>Labem, the Czech Republic.</p> <p>T y p e h o r i z o n. Cretaceous, Cenomanian, Peruc</p> <p>Korycany Formation.</p> <p>E m e n d e d d i a g n o s i s. Elongate ovuliferous cones born terminally on twigs. Ovuliferous cones consisting of about 60 helically arranged imbricate bract-scale complexes. Each bract-scale complex simple, thin, flat, bilaterally symmetrical, delicately ribbed, with base narrowing, cuneate, entire-margined, apex obovate, irregularly delicately dentate, terminating with a mucro. There are two or three inverted seeds per cone scale. Seeds are elliptical, ovoid, sometimes asymmetrical, with distal wing. Sterile twigs with helically arranged rhomboidal, imbricated Cyparissidium – type leaves with obtuse apex and delicate abaxial keel, appressed to stem. Leaves amphistomatic, adaxial cuticle bearing two stomatal bands with transversely or obliquely orientated monocyclic to amphicyclic stomata surrounded by 4–6 subsidiary cells, ordinary epidermal cells elongate; abaxial cuticle bearing monocyclic to amphicyclic stomata scattered irregularly in basal part of leaf, ordinary epidermal cells isodiametric. Hypodermis strongly cutinised.</p> <p>M a t e r i a l s t u d i e d. NM-F 864, F 872, F 877, F</p> <p>875a, b, F 1414, F 2742, F 2744, F 2840, F 4551.</p> <p>D e s c r i p t i o n. Reproductive structures. The lectotype (Text-figs 1a–d, 2, 3a, c–f) is a fragment of basal and medial parts of an ovuliferous cone 45 mm long and 25 mm broad. It is born on a twig and represents the best preserved specimen, being lignified, partly coalified and 3D preserved. It consists of more than 60 helically arranged bract-scale complexes (Text-figs 1b, 2). Text-fig. 1a shows external surface of the ovuliferous cone, while Text-figs 1b, 2 display the cone surface buried in sediment. Each bract-scale complex is deltoid, having an entire-margined cuneate base (Text-fig. 1e, f) and oblong ovate apex with delicate teeth and terminal mucro. Text-fig. 3a shows the basal part of the adaxial surface of the bract-scale complex with centrally placed thickened stalk (arrow). The abaxial surface of the bractscale complex is delicately ribbed (Text-fig. 1b). MicroCT study revealed numerous morphological and anatomical details used for the emended diagnosis, particularly the arrangement of seeds (Text-figs 1e, f, 3c–e). The seeds are arranged in the basal part of the bract-scale complexes (Text-figs 1e, f, 3a), typically two or three (Text-fig. 1e, f). The mature seeds (Text-fig. 3d, e) are ovoid, 5–5.6 mm long and 3–3.2 mm broad; immature seeds (Text-fig. 3b, f) are smaller, 3–3.5 mm long and 2–2.5 mm broad. The wing is arranged in the distal part (Text-fig. 3b, c, e).</p> <p>The specimens figured in Bayer (1914: figs 21a, b, 22a, 23a; 1920: figs 21a, b, 22a, 23a) are not so well preserved; they are mostly impressions of external cone surfaces (Text-fig. 3a). Specimen No. NM-F 4551 (Bayer 1914: fig. 21a) shows a basal part of a cone (60 × 30 mm), showing an impression of its external surface (Text-fig. 4a), with fragments of lignified deltoid bracts-scale complexes 10–11 × 5–7 mm in size. One of them has a preserved terminal part with a well-preserved mucro (Text-fig. 4a, arrow).</p> <p>Specimen NM-F 872 (Bayer 1914: fig. 21b; 1920: fig. 21b) display a twig 60 mm long, 2 mm broad, with two branchlets and terminally born ovuliferous cone (36 × 6 mm; Text-fig. 4b). The branchlets, angled off at 30°, are 30 and 35 mm long. The ovuliferous cone (8 × 35 mm) is longitudinally broken, bearing helically arranged bractscale complexes. Its cone-scales are smaller (4 × 6 mm) and arranged helically, some showing winged seeds (Text-fig. 3b).</p> <p>Sterile foliage. Fragments of branches are preserved as leaf compressions (Text-figs 4, 5a–c). The most complete branch was figured by Bayer (1914: fig. 21c; 1920: fig. 21c; No. NM-F 877), showing leaves rhomboidal, keeled, amphistomatic (Text-fig. 5f). Helically arranged leaves are small (0.8 mm broad, 1– 0.8 mm long), appressed to the axis (Text-fig. 5c).</p> <p>The adaxial cuticle is thinner than the abaxial cuticle (Text-fig. 5d), it shows two stomatal bands 80–150 μm wide (Text-fig. 5e). Ordinary epidermal cells (10–25 × 25–45 μm) are elongate to polygonal, with straight anticlinal walls. Monocyclic to amphicyclic stomata with well-cutinized guard cells are sunken in oval pits surrounded by 4–6 unspecialized subsidiary cells (10–25 × 25–40 μm) (Textfig. 5f). They are orientated transversely or obliquely to the leaf margin (Text-fig. 5d). The hypodermis is cutinized, and it was difficult to remove its remnants from the preparation. The abaxial cuticle is thicker than the adaxial, and shows only few stomata (Text-fig. 4d); ordinary cells are quadrangular, nearly isodiametric (25–40 × 35– 80 μm) with straight or bent anticlinal walls (Text-fig. 4f). Fresh material collected in the locality by JK in 1997 was used for SEM studies (NM-F 2840) and further cuticle preparations (NM-F 2747). It shows details of a leafy shoot (Text-fig. 4c). Basal parts of leaves are covered by irregularly scattered oval pits that probably represent stomata.</p> <p>D i s c u s s i o n. Fossil remains of this conifer were collected and described by Bayer (1914, 1920) who assigned them to the genus Cyparissidium, based particularly on observations of foliage. MicroCT studies of the wellpreserved specimen, suggested here as a lectotype, allowed a more accurate interpretation of the ovuliferous cone and twig, and a better description of its anatomy. Based on this new data, we were able to compare the cone with previously described taxa with well-preserved anatomy, rather than with only compressed specimens. The comparison mentioned in the discussion to the genus resulted in a new interpretation of this conifer, and its transfer to the recently described genus Stutzeliastrobus.</p> <p>Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus differs from S. foliatus F. HERRERA et al., 2017 in having ribbed cone-bract complexes, delicately toothed in their terminal parts, and large ovoid seeds.</p> <p>Foliage of Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus is very similar in appearance to Cyparissidium gracile (HEER) HEER from the Cretaceous of Greenland (Heer 1868: pl. 43, figs. 1e, 3c; Heer 1874: pl. 17, fig. 5b, c, pl. 18, fig. 6b, pl. 19, figs 1–11, pl. 20, fig. 1e, pl. 21, figs 9b, 10d). The type specimens stored in Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, were sampled for cuticle analysis, but without success. The best cuticle preparations were obtained from non-figured material (S 087443), the locality of Ekkofrat. The cuticle pattern of both taxa is also very similar. The type material of C. gracile yields only one incomplete ovuliferous cone (S 87438, S 105123, part and counterpart – Heer 1874: pl. 19, figs 8, 9b), which is poorly preserved, so it is difficult to compare it with S. bohemicus.</p> <p>As already mentioned by Harris (1979), the species C. gracile, although used as the type of the genus, shows characters of the broadly defined genus Brachyphyllum. The same problem existed with the species C. bohemicum. This problem for the Czech material is now solved, due to the well-preserved lectotype, which allowed its transfer to the genus Stutzeliastrobus.</p> <p>The leaves of Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus resemble those of Taiwania, showing similar morphology and micromorphology of epidermis: mature leaves of Taiwania are shortly decurrent, keeled, amphistomatic and appressed to the stem (Farjon 2005).</p> <p>From other fossil cupressoid conifers, Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus is most similar to Cunninghamiostrobus yubariensis STOPES et FUJII from the Late Cretaceous of Japan (Ohana and Kimura 1995). Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus differs from Cunninghamiostrobus yubariensis in having rhombic flat, non-peltate bract-scale complex, but lacking adaxial socket-like cavities and pronounced interseminal ridges.</p> <p>Another similar fossil conifer genus, Austrohamia, contains two species: Austrohamia minuta ESCAPA, CÚNEO et AXSMITH from the Early Jurassic of Argentina (Escapa et al. 2008: fig. 11O) and Austrohamia acanthobractea J.WEI ZHANG, D’ROZARIO, L.I.WANG, Y.LI et J.YAO from the Middle – Late Jurassic of China (Zhang et al. 2012). They both have bract-scale complexes similar to Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus, but differ in having only one or two seeds per bract-scale complex (Herrera et al. 2017).</p> <p>Juvenile cone scale complexes Athrotaxites stockeyi ESCAPA et al., 2016 (Escapa et al. 2016) from the Late Cretaceous of USA have a similar number of seeds per scale complex (3–4), but differ from Stutzeliastrobus bohemicus in having an ovuliferous cone scale complex already robustly thick in the juvenile stage.</p> <p>Parataiwania nihongii M.NISHIDA et al. from the Late Cretaceous of Japan (Nishida et al. 1992) differs from S. bohemicus in having a thicker bract-scale complex of ligulelike shape, more like Cunninghamia.</p> <p>Compression/impression material of Taiwania cryptomeroides described from the Early Cretaceous to Pliocene localities of Siberia, Japan and Alaska is discussed and summarised by LePage (2009). The paper documents the probable existence of the taxon in Alaska since the Late Cretaceous, but due to the poor preservation of the fossil plant material, particularly ovuliferous cones, this assumption remains open until better material becomes available. The same is true for ovuliferous cones and twigs of Taiwania schaefleri SCHLOEMER- JÄGER described from the Palaeocene of Svalbard (Schloemer-Jäger 1958, Budancev and Golovneva 2009).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/22130210FFD2FFBAD34FFA660A0AF95E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kvaček, Jiří;Heřmanová, Zuzana;Bruthansová, Jana;Karch, Jakub;Žemlička, Jan;Dudák, Jan	Kvaček, Jiří, Heřmanová, Zuzana, Bruthansová, Jana, Karch, Jakub, Žemlička, Jan, Dudák, Jan (2018): Stutzeliastrobus Bohemicus Comb. Nov. - Basal Cupressaceae Conifer From The Cenomanian Of The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Central Europe. Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2): 179-188, DOI: 10.2478/if-2018-0013, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0013
