taxonID	type	description	language	source
1D612C239657C36DFF0BFB334CE6FE90.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ albae ” refers to the host species of the substrate from which the fungus was isolated. Etymology: — MFLU 24 – 0081 Culture characteristics: — Colonies growing on PDA, reaching 3 – 4 cm diam., in 2 weeks at 25 ° C in the dark condition, slightly fluffy, surface smooth, circular, radially striate with entire edge, white to yellowish mycelium, with dark orange to red pigmented in medium within 2 weeks. Mycelium superficial, hyaline, branched, septate, smooth-walled. Ascomata produced in culture within 4 – 6 weeks as red spots. Sexual morph on PDA culture: Ascomata 87 – 134 µm high × 83 – 144 µm diam., superficial, uniloculate, solitary, globose, sometimes subglobose to ovate, red to brownish-red in reflected light due to ascomatal hairs, covered by dense hairs, ostiole. Peridium composed of brown cells of textura angulris to subglobosa, membranaceous, thin-walled, spare paraphyses. Terminal hairs 2 – 3.5 µm diam. near the base, apically incurved, circinate to coiled at the apex, unbranched, orange to bright red pigmented throughout the hairs, coarsely verrucose-walled, coiled at the apex septate, verrucose-walled. Lateral hairs 2.5 – 4 µm diam., slightly flexuous or recurved, tapering towards the apex. Asci 24 – 30 × 10 – 14 µm (x = 24.5 × 12 µm, n = 10), 8 - spored, fasciculate, unitunicate, ellipsoid to obovoid, slightly clavate, sessile, apically rounded, thin-walled and quickly evanescent. Ascospores 7 – 9 × 5 – 6 µm (x = 7.5 × 5 µm, n = 10), overlapping 2 - seriate, slightly reniform or semicircular, broad ellipsoidal fusiform to ovate, hyaline when immature, olivaceous green to dark brown at maturity, with one apical germ pore, aseptate, guttulate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined: — THAILAND, Chiang Rai Province, Mae Fah Luang District, Doi Mae Salong market, mulberry leaf tea (Morus alba, Moraceae), 22 February 2023, Saranyaphat Boonmee, HBT 25 A (MFLU 24 – 0081, dried culture, holotype), ex-type living culture MFLUCC 24 – 0064. Notes: — Arcopilus albae is described in this study as a new species, and it shares similar morphological characters of the colony with excreted pigmented in PDA medium, uniloculate, subglobose ascomata, surrounded by orange to brownish-red ascomatal hairs with coiled at the apex and reniform or semicircular, broad ellipsoidal fusiform ascospores with the type species Ar. cupreus and Ar. tangerinicapillus (Ames 1949, Wang et al. 2016 a, Raza et al. 2019). Culture of Ar. albae also diffused red pigment in PDA medium as well as produced a dark red ascomatal wall resembling Ar. cupreus and Ar. tangerinicapillus (Fig. 2). Arcopilus albae differs from these species in having shorter ascospores (7 – 9 × 5 – 6 µm), whereas Ar. cupreus (8.5 – 11.5 × 5 – 5.5 µm) and Ar. tangerinicapillus (9.5 – 12.5 × 4.5 – 7 µm) have longer ascospores. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS, LSU, RPB 2 and TUB 2 sequence data indicated that Ar. albae forms a distinct lineage basal to Ar. cupreus and Ar. tangerinicapillus clade with 99 % ML, 1.00 PP statistical support (Fig. 1). In pairwise nucleotide comparisons of Ar. albae (MFLUCC 24 – 0064) with the represent type strain Ar. cupreus (CBS 560.80), there is a nucleotide discrepancy of 0.17 % (1 out of 567) in ITS, while LSU has no base pair difference. However, in the protein-coding region of TUB 2, the nucleotide difference was 1.83 % (13 out of 710). A comparison of Ar. albae with the type strain of Ar. tangerinicapillus (CGMCC 3.19326), there is a nucleotide difference of 0.35 %, 2 gaps (2 out of 567) in ITS and LSU has no base pair difference, while in the protein-coding region of TUB 2 was 1.97 % (14 out of 710) difference. Unfortunately, we were unable to obtain RPB 2 sequence data for Ar. albae. However, we illustrated and described Ar. albae based on the evidence of phylogeny and nucleotide difference in the TUB 2 sequences as a new species.	en	Juxu, Rong, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Boonmee, Saranyaphat (2024): Identification of a new species and three new records of Chaetomiaceae associated with commercial herbal teas in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 653 (2): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3
1D612C23965AC36CFF0BFEA94CB5F7B9.taxon	description	Culture characteristics: — Colonies growing on PDA, reaching 3.5 cm diam., in 4 weeks at 25 ° C in the dark condition, irregular, slightly effuse, hairy, mycelium radiating outwards, with undulate to fimbriate edge, white grey hyphae on surface with aerial white conidia, dark to black at reverse and margin. Mycelium superficial, partly immersed, hyaline, brown to dark brown, branched, septate, smooth-walled. Conidia produced in culture after one month. Sexual morph: Not produced in culture during two months old. Asexual morph on PDA culture: Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells developed on hyphae, monoblastic, laterally producing conidia. Conidia 3 – 6 × 3 – 4 µm (x = 4 × 3 µm, n = 20), born laterally, terminally or intercalary on the aerial hyphae, globose to subglobose, broad clavate to obovoid, hyaline to light brown, aseptate, smooth-walled. Material examined: — THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Muang, Warorot market, black goji berry tea (Lycium ruthenicum, Solanaceae), 2 March 2023, Saranyaphat Boonmee, HBT 43 B (MFLU 24 – 0082, dried culture, new host record), living cultures (MFLUCC 24 – 0065); ibid., red goji berry tea (Lycium barbarum L., Solanaceae), 2 March 2023, Saranyaphat Boonmee, HBT 46 (MFLU 24 – 0083, dried culture, new host record), living cultures MFLUCC 24 – 0066. Notes: — Our two isolates, MFLUCC 24 – 0065 and MFLUCC 24 – 0066, were isolated from herbal tea products, i. e. black goji berry tea (Lycium ruthenicum) and red goji berry tea (Lycium barbarum) purchased from a local market in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined ITS, LSU, TUB 2 and RPB 2 sequence dataset indicated our isolates grouped with the ex-type strain of Canariomyces arenarius (CBS 507.74) which was isolated from desert soil in Egypt (Mouchacca 1973), with 93 % ML and 0.98 PP statistical support (Fig. 3). Additionally, our isolates (Fig. 4) share identical asexual morph characteristics with Ca. arenarius in the features of conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells on hyphae, monoblastic and hyaline to light brown, aseptate, globose to subglobose conidia (Wang et al. 2019). Therefore, we identified the two isolates as a new record for Ca. arenarius from commercial herbal teas of Solanaceae in northern Thailand.	en	Juxu, Rong, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Boonmee, Saranyaphat (2024): Identification of a new species and three new records of Chaetomiaceae associated with commercial herbal teas in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 653 (2): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3
1D612C23965CC36BFF0BFF194C3BF930.taxon	description	Culture characteristics: — Colonies growing on PDA, reaching 4 cm diam., in 1 week at 25 ° C in the dark condition, slightly fluffy, circular, radially striate with entire to undulate edge, initially white, becoming dark grey within 2 – 3 weeks, with white hyphal filaments at the center, covered by black ascomatal structure, yellow pigmented in medium. Mycelium superficial, hyaline, brown to dark brown, branched, septate, smooth-walled. Ascomata produced in culture within 3 weeks. Sexual morph on PDA culture: Ascomata (96 –) 105 – 186 µm diam., superficial, uniloculate, solitary, subglobose, dark brown to black, covered by long and flexuous hairs, ostiole. Peridium composed of dark brown cells of textura angularis, membranaceous, thin-walled, paraphyses not seen. Terminal-lateral hairs 2 – 3 µm wide, elongate, flexuous, with or without branched, septate, dark brown at base, light brown towards the apex, verrucose-walled. Asci thin-walled and quickly evanescent, unable to be observed. Ascospores 9 – 10 × 7.5 – 8 µm (x = 9.5 × 8 µm, n = 10), globose to subglobose, ellipsoidal broad fusiform, symmetrical to asymmetrical ends, olivaceous brown to brown, with 1 or 2 apical germ pores, guttulate, externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined: — THAILAND, Chiang Rai Province, Mae Fah Luang District, Doi Mae Salong market, stevia leaf tea (Stevia rebaudiana, Asteraceae), 22 February 2023, Saranyaphat Boonmee, HBT 5 (MFLU 24 – 0084, dried culture, new host record), living cultures (MFLUCC 24 – 0067); ibid., mulberry leaf tea (Morus alba, Moraceae), 22 February 2023, Saranyaphat Boonmee, HBT 25 B (MFLU 24 – 0085, dried culture, new host record), living culture MFLUCC 24 – 0068; Thailand, Chiang Mai Province, Muang, Warorot Market, chrysanthemum flower tea (Chrysanthemum morifolium or Ch. indicum, Asteraceae), 2 March 2023, Saranyaphat Boonmee, HBT 50 (MFLU 24 – 0086, dried culture, new host record), living cultures (MFLUCC 24 – 0069).	en	Juxu, Rong, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Boonmee, Saranyaphat (2024): Identification of a new species and three new records of Chaetomiaceae associated with commercial herbal teas in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 653 (2): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3
1D612C23965CC36BFF0BFF194C3BF930.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Chaetomium globosum (Kunze & Schmidt 1817) is the type species of Chaetomium, and it represents a diverse species, encompassing several complex groups, which has been described frequently by worldwide mycologists (von Arx 1984, Ames 1963, Mazzucchetti 1965, Asgari & Zare 2011, Doveri 2013, Wang et al. 2016 a, b). Wang et al. (2016 b) revised Ch. globosum strains and designated the neotype of Ch. globosum (CBS 160.62), based on the collecting site of the type specimen. Wang et al. (2016 b) confirmed the monophyly of Ch. globosum through the phylogenetic analysis and restricted the genus Chaetomium to the Ch. globosum species complex. Chaetomium globosum is characterised by producing globose to ovate ascomata and covered by ascomatal hairs, evanescent asci, and limoniform and bilaterally-flattened shaped, with or without apical germ pore ascospores (von Arx 1984, Wang et al. 2016 b). Chaetomium globosum is a common species and can be found in the air, dried agricultural products, indoor environment, and also endophytic from aquatic and terrestrial environments (Wang et al. 2016 a, b, Kamat et al. 2020). Chaetomium globosum is also known as one of the causal agents of human onychomycosis (Aspiroz et al. 2007, Latha et al. 2010, Hwang et al. 2012), and is a widespread pathogen causing leaf spot on diverse host plants (Guo et al. 2016, Hassan et al. 2022). On the other hand, Ch. globosum was used as a biological control agent for plant diseases and to manage some pathogenic fungi in Thailand (Ungprasit et al. 2021). Phylogenetic analysis of a combined ITS, TUB 2 and RPB 2 sequence dataset places our three isolates with the ex-type strain, Ch. globosum (CBS 160.62) clade with 84 % ML, 1.00 PP statistical support (Fig. 5). These three isolates share morphological characters of ascomata, ascomatal hairs, and ascospores identical to Ch. globosum (Fig. 6). Therefore, we report three isolates (MFLUCC 24 – 0067, MFLUCC 24 – 0068 and MFLUCC 24 – 0069) as a new record of Ch. globosum associated with commercial herbal teas from northern Thailand.	en	Juxu, Rong, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Boonmee, Saranyaphat (2024): Identification of a new species and three new records of Chaetomiaceae associated with commercial herbal teas in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 653 (2): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3
1D612C23965CC368FF0BF9494D3DFE00.taxon	description	Culture characteristics: — Colonies growing on PDA, reaching 3 – 4 cm diam., in 2 weeks at 25 ° C in the dark condition, effuse to slightly fluffy, radially striate with fimbriate edge, white to yellowish, covered by black ascomatal structure, with yellow pigmented in medium. Mycelium superficial, hyaline to light brown, branched, septate, smooth-walled. Ascomata produced in culture within 4 weeks. Sexual morph: Ascomata 150 – 316.5 µm diam., superficial, uniloculate, solitary, subglobose, dark brown to black, covered by dense hairs, with dark brown, hyphal rhizoid at the base, ostiole. Peridium composed of dark brown cells; paraphyses not seen. Terminal-lateral hairs 3 – 5 µm wide, straight to slight curve, with or without branched, dark brown, septate, verrucose-walled. Asci thin-walled and quickly evanescent, unable to be observed. Ascospores 10.5 – 13 × 8 – 9 µm (x = 11 × 8 µm, n = 10), limoniform, ellipsoid to broad fusiform, symmetrical or asymmetrical ends, olivaceous brown, with two apical germ pores, aseptate, guttulate, externally smooth, roughened on the inner surface. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined: — THAILAND, Chiang Mai Province, Muang, Warorot market, black goji berry tea (Lycium ruthenicum, Solanaceae), 2 March 2023, Saranyaphat Boonmee, HBT 43 A (MFLU 24 – 0087, dried culture, new host record and geographical distribution), living cultures MFLUCC 24 – 0070. Notes: — Chaetomium rectangulare was proposed by Asgari & Zare (2011) which was isolated from the leaf of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and seed of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iran, whereas its asexual morph was reported as acremonium-like. Our new collection of Ch. rectangulare (MFLUCC 24 – 0070) was isolated from black goji berry tea specimens from the local market in Chiang Mai. Our isolate (Fig. 7) shares similar characteristics of subglobose, black ascomata, surrounded by densely with dark ascomatal hairs and ellipsoid to broad fusiform, aseptate, olivaceous brown ascospores identical to the ex-type strain IRAN 1641 C (Asgari & Zare 2011, Fig. 5). Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, RPB 2 and TUB 2 sequence data place our isolated consistently clustered basal to the clade of Ch. rectangulare strains (IRAN 1639 C and IRAN 1641 C) with 100 % ML, 1.00 PP statistical support (Fig. 5). Therefore, we report our isolated MFLUCC 24 – 0070 as a new host record and new geographical distribution of Ch. rectangulare from black goji berry tea product from northern Thailand.	en	Juxu, Rong, Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Boonmee, Saranyaphat (2024): Identification of a new species and three new records of Chaetomiaceae associated with commercial herbal teas in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 653 (2): 134-154, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.653.2.3
