identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C57A7F97C212542DA6125ACEF2EFB4F5.text	C57A7F97C212542DA6125ACEF2EFB4F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyroporus alpinus Yan C. Li, C. Huang & Zhu L. Yang 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gyroporus alpinus Yan C. Li, C. Huang &amp; Zhu L. Yang sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3a-c, 4</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The epithet  Gyroporus alpinus refers to its distribution in alpine forests. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p>  China. Yunnan Province: Deqin, Shangri-La County,  Haba Snow Mountain ,  Yang Fang , alt. 3800 m, 14 Aug 2008, Y.C. Li 1478 (KUN-HKAS 56318, GenBank accession numbers: MW149435 and MW149438 for ITS, MW151268 and MW151269 for nrLSU, MW452609 and MW452610 for atp6)  . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This species differs from other cyanescent species of  Gyroporus in its initially ivory yellow to greyish-yellow and then grey-orange to brownish-yellow pileus, scaly to floccose pileal surface, distribution in alpine forests with altitude up to 3800 m, broad basidiospores (5.5-8.5  µm wide) and long and slender basidia measuring 35-55  × 7-12  µm . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Pileus 3-6 cm in diam., sub-hemispherical to convex or plano-convex, ivory yellow (4B3) to greyish-yellow (2B3-4) when young, grey-orange (5B5) to brownish-yellow (5C6-7) when mature; surface dry, densely covered with concolorous appressed scaly to floccose squamules, margin always incurved and slightly extended; context whitish (1A1), staining cerulean blue (23C6-7) to dull blue (23E5-6) when bruised. Hymenophore adnate when young, slightly depressed around apex of stipe when mature; surface white (1A1) when young and then cream to yellowish when mature, staining dull blue (23E5-6) when bruised; pores angular to roundish, fine, 2-3 per mm; tubes 3-8 mm long, whitish (1A1), staining dull blue when bruised. Stipe 6-8  × 1.8-2 cm, sub-cylindrical to clavate, white (2A1) when young, yellowish-white (2A2) to concolorous with pileal surface when mature; surface roughened, staining dull blue when bruised; context white to cream or yellowish, spongy when young and then hollow in age, staining cerulean blue to dull blue when bruised. Odour indistinct and taste mild. </p>
            <p> Basidia 35-55  × 7-12  µm , clavate, 4-spored, hyaline in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and yellowish in  Melzer’s Reagent. Basidiospores [60/3/2] (6.5) 7-10  × 5.5-7.5 (8.5)  µm , [Q = 1-1.65 (1.72), Qm = 1.27  ± 0.23], smooth, ellipsoid to somewhat broadly ellipsoid, yellowish in KOH and primrose yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent. Cheilocystidia 30-60  × 8-14  μm , clavate to subfusiform, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH and yellowish to yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent; Pleurocystidia not observed. Tube trama composed of 6-11  μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent. Squamules on pileus composed of 10-17  μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent; terminal cells 80-120  × 12-17  μm , clavate to subcylindrical. Clamp connections frequently present in all tissues. </p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p>China. Yunnan Province: Deqin, Shangri-La County, Baima Snow Mountain, alt. 3700 m, 11 Jul 1981, L.S. Wang 827 (KUN-HKAS 7756).</p>
            <p>Habitat and distribution.</p>
            <p> Scattered on soil in alpine mixed forests dominated by  Abies and  Picea (  Pinaceae ) and  Quercus (  Fagaceae ). Currently known from south-western China. </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> Gyroporus alpinus is characterised by the initially ivory yellow to greyish-yellow and then grey-orange to brownish-yellow pileus with scaly to floccose squamules, the slightly extended pileal margin, the white pileal context staining cerulean blue to dull blue when bruised, the white to cream or yellowish hymenophore staining dull blue when bruised, the white to yellowish-white stipe, the spongy and then hollow context in the stipe, the frequent clamp connections in all tissues, the ellipsoid to somewhat broadly ellipsoid basidiospores and the distribution in alpine forests dominated by plants of the families  Pinaceae and  Fagaceae . In China, specimens of  G. alpinus have been identified as  G. cyanescens (Ying and Zang 1994; Zang 2013). Indeed,  G. alpinus is closely related to  G. cyanescens (Figs 1, 2). However,  G. cyanescens , originally described from Europe, can be distinguished from  G. alpinus by its relatively large basidiomata which are measuring 5.1-12.7 cm in diam., pale straw-coloured pileus, relatively narrow basidiospores measuring (7) 9-11  × 4.5-6  µm and distribution in forests dominated by  Pinus sylvestris or  Fagus sylvatia (Fries 1821; Watling 1970; Vizzini et al. 2015). </p>
            <p> In our analysis of the atp6 dataset, sequences of  G. alpinus cluster together with sequences labelled as  G. cyanescens from South Korea and Japan without statistical support (Fig. 1). Nagasawa (2001) treated the Japanese cyanescent taxon as  G. cyanescens var. violaceotinctus Watling, because of the similar colours of their basidiomata and the similar-sized basidiospores. However,  G. cyanescens var. violaceotinctus , originally described from Michigan, USA, is characterised by the white to tan context staining lilaceous and then indigo when bruised, the small basidia measuring 18-23.5  × 8-9  µm , the small cheilocystidia measuring 22.5-27.5  × 4.5-7.5  µm and the distribution in forests dominated by  Acer (  Aceraceae ) and  Betula (  Betulaceae ) (Watling 1969). These traits are greatly different from those of  G. cyanescens and, therefore, Blanco-Dios (2018) treated  G. cyanescens var. violaceotinctus as a novel species  G. violaceotinctus (Watling) Blanco-Dios, while the Japanese taxon differs from  G. violaceotinctus in its white context staining greyish-blue at first and then blackish-blue when bruised without any lilaceous or violaceous tint, relatively large basidia measuring 24-42  × 9-11  µm , two types of cheilocystidia with the slender type measuring 30-64  × 6-12  µm and the voluminious type measuring 18-55  × 15-20  µm and distributions in mixed forest dominated by  Fagus (  Fagaceae ),  Quercus (  Fagaceae ),  Betula (  Betulaceae ),  Carpinus (  Betulaceae ) and  Acer (  Aceraceae ) (Nagasawa 2001). The Chinese  G. alpinus can be distinguished from  G. violaceotinctus and the Japanese taxon by the dimensions of its basidiospores and basidia, morphology of cheilocystidia and host plants. </p>
            <p> Gyroporus alpinus is phylogenetically related and morphologically similar to  G. pseudocyanescens originally described from Spain in Crous et al. (2017) in our analysis of the combined dataset (Fig. 2). However,  G. pseudocyanescens has a strawish-cream to yellow cream and then more or less brownish to yellowish-brown pileus, a velutinous pileal surface often cracking at maturity, relatively narrow basidiospores measuring 8-11  × 4.5-6 (6.5)  µm , short terminal cells of the hyphae on the surface of the pileus measuring 50-80  × 9-15  μm and a distribution in forests dominated by  Pinus spp. or  Quercus spp. (Crous et al. 2017). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C57A7F97C212542DA6125ACEF2EFB4F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Huang, Cong;Zhang, Ming;Wu, Xing-Liang;Wu, Gang;Xu, Jian-Ping;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Huang, Cong, Zhang, Ming, Wu, Xing-Liang, Wu, Gang, Xu, Jian-Ping, Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2021): Cyanescent Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) from China. MycoKeys 81: 165-183, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.65660, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.65660
7216A3D906265C23849410990CF60FDF.text	7216A3D906265C23849410990CF60FDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyroporus brunneofloccosus T. H. Li, W. Q. Deng & B. Song, Fungal Diversity 12: 123 2013	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gyroporus brunneofloccosus T.H. Li, W.Q. Deng &amp; B. Song, Fungal Diversity 12: 123 (2013), figs 1-3</p>
            <p>Figs 3e-h, 5</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Pileus 6-9 cm in diam., hemispherical to sub-hemispherical when young, applanate to plano-convex when mature, dark brown (7E5-6) to brown (6E7-8) when young and brown to light red-brown (8E5-6) when mature; surface covered with concolorous floccose-scaly to coarsely tomentose squamules, always cracked with olivaceous yellow (2D5-6) background exposed when mature or aged, margin always extended; context white (1A1), staining cerulean blue (23C6-7) or greenish-blue (24B6-7) to dark blue (23F7-8) or deep blue (22E6-8) when bruised. Hymenophore adnate to obviously depressed around apex of stipe; surface yellowish (29B3) to pale yellow (30B3) when young and then greenish-yellow (29B5-6) when mature or aged, staining cerulean blue to greenish-blue when bruised; pores angular to roundish, 1-2 per mm; tubes 3-9 mm long, concolorous with hymenophoral surface, staining cerulean blue to greenish-blue when bruised. Stipe 4.5-6  × 1-2 cm, subcylindrical to clavate, concolorous with pileal surface when mature, but much paler when young; surface covered with tomentose to fibrillose squamules; context white to cream, spongy then hollow when mature, staining cerulean blue to greenish-blue or dark blue to deep blue when bruised. Odour and taste indistinct. </p>
            <p> Basidia 22-32  × 8-11  µm , clavate, 4-spored, hyaline in KOH, yellowish in  Melzer’s Reagent. Basidiospores [60/3/2] (8) 8.5-10  × 5-6  µm , (Q = 1.42 - 1.90, Qm = 1.62  ± 0.11) ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline to yellowish in KOH and primrose yellow to yellowish-brown in  Melzer’s Reagent. Cheilocystidia 27-44  × 9-12  μm , clavate to subfusiform, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH and yellowish in  Melzer’s Reagent. Pleurocystidia not observed. Tube trama composed of 8-10  μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline in KOH, yellowish in  Melzer’s Reagent. Squamules on pileus composed of 7-10  μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent; terminal cells 80-180  × 8-10  μm , clavate to subcylindrical. Clamp connections frequently present in all tissues. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>  China. Yunnan Province: Wenshan County,  Malipo Village , alt. 1200 m, 14 Oct 2017, Wu 2644 (KUN-HKAS 107735, GenBank accession numbers: MW149436 for ITS, MW151267 for nrLSU, MW452611 for atp6)  .   Guangdong Province: Zhaoqing County, Dinghu Shan Nature Reserve, alt. 200 m, 28 Aug 2018, J.Y. Xu (GDGM 74638, GenBank accession numbers: MW149437 for ITS, MW151266 for nrLSU); Shenzhen,  Songzikeng Forest Park, alt. 70 m, 19 Jul 2019, J.Y. Xu (GDGM 77125)  . </p>
            <p>Habitat and distribution.</p>
            <p> Scattered on soil in tropical forests dominated by  Castanopsis (  Fagaceae ),  Quercus (  Fagaceae ) and  Pinus (  Pinaceae ). Currently known from southern and south-western China. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Gyroporus brunneofloccosus , originally described from southern China, is characterised by the initially dark brown to brown and then brown to light red-brown pileus with concolorous floccose-scaly to coarsely tomentose squamules, the extended pileal margin, the white pileal context staining cerulean blue or greenish-blue to dark blue or deep blue when bruised, the initially yellowish to pale yellow and then greenish-yellow hymenophore staining cerulean blue to greenish-blue when bruised, the brownish to brown or light red-brown stipe, the spongy and then hollow context in the stipe, the frequent clamp connections in all tissues, the ellipsoid basidiospores and the distribution in tropical forests dominated by plants of the families  Fagaceae and  Pinaceae (Li et al. 2003). </p>
            <p> In China,  G. brunneofloccosus was misidentified as  G. cyanescens by Bi et al. (1990, 1994), Ying and Zang (1994) and Mao (2000). However, these two species can be separated both by phylogenetic and morphological evidence. Our phylogenetic analysis of atp6 data (Fig. 1) indicates that  G. brunneofloccosus is closely related to  G. phaeocyanescens . However,  G. phaeocyanescens , originally described from Belize by Singer et al. (1983), has fulvous to snuff brown pileus and relatively large basidiospores measuring 9.3-14.7  × 5.3-6.7  µm (Singer et al. 1983; Li et al. 2003). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7216A3D906265C23849410990CF60FDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Huang, Cong;Zhang, Ming;Wu, Xing-Liang;Wu, Gang;Xu, Jian-Ping;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Huang, Cong, Zhang, Ming, Wu, Xing-Liang, Wu, Gang, Xu, Jian-Ping, Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2021): Cyanescent Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) from China. MycoKeys 81: 165-183, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.65660, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.65660
AFFCE15D376D583FAE7794F33CE2A21B.text	AFFCE15D376D583FAE7794F33CE2A21B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyroporus flavocyanescens Yan C. Li, C. Huang & Zhu L. Yang 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gyroporus flavocyanescens Yan C. Li, C. Huang &amp; Zhu L. Yang sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3d, 6</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The epithet  Gyroporus flavocyanescens refers to the flavous basidiomata with blue discolouration when bruised. </p>
            <p>Type.</p>
            <p> China. Guizhou Province: Pan County, alt. 1700 m, 2 Jul 2008, X.L. Wu 1182 (KUN-HKAS 76966, GenBank accession numbers: MW440550 for ITS, MW442950 for nrLSU, MW452613 for atp6) . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Differs from other cyanescent species in  Gyroporus by its initially flavous to dull yellow or grey-yellow and then grey-orange to greyish-orange pileus, nearly glabrous or somewhat fibrillose to finely tomentose pileal surface, relatively small basidia measuring 21-30  × 9-11  µm , slender basidiospores measuring 8-10  × (5) 5.5-6.5  µm and relatively short and slender chelocystidia measuring 26-35  × 5-9  μm . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Pileus 6-10 cm in diam., hemispherical to sub-hemispherical when young, applanate to plano-convex when mature, flavous (3B3-4) to dull yellow or grey-yellow (2B4-5) when young, grey-orange (5B4-5) to greyish-orange (5B3-4) when mature; surface dry, nearly glabrous or somewhat fibrillose to finely tomentose, margin incurved and slightly extended; context whitish (1A1), staining strong dark blue or indigo-blue (24D4-8) when bruised. Hymenophore adnate when young, depressed around apex of stipe when mature; surface white (1A1) when young and then grey (1B1) to cream when mature, staining cyanine blue (24D4-6) to porcelain blue (23C5-6) when bruised; pores angular to roundish, 1-2 per mm; tubes 4-10 mm long, whitish (1A1), staining cyanine blue to porcelain blue when bruised. Stipe 4-6  × 2.5-4 cm, clavate, enlarged downwards; surface roughened, white to cream when young and then pale yellow (2A3-5) to concolorous with pileal surface when mature or aged; context white to cream or yellowish, spongy when young and then hollow in age, staining cyanine blue to porcelain blue when bruised. Odour indistinct and taste mild. </p>
            <p> Basidia 21-30  × 9-11  µm , clavate, hyaline in KOH and yellowish in  Melzer’s Reagent, 4-spored. Basidiospores [60/3/2] 8-10  × (5) 5.5-6.5  µm , (Q = 1.45-1.81, Qm = 1.59  ± 0.12), smooth, ellipsoid to somewhat broadly ellipsoid, hyaline to yellowish in KOH and primrose yellow to yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent. Cheilocystidia 26-35  × 5-9  μm , clavate to subfusiform, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH and yellowish to yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent. Pleurocystidia not observed. Tube trama composed of 5-9  μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent. Squamules on pileus composed of 8-17  μm wide interwoven hyphae, hyaline to yellowish in KOH, yellowish to brownish-yellow in  Melzer’s Reagent; terminal cells 90-140  × 9-17  μm , clavate to subcylindrical. Clamp connections frequently present in all tissues. </p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p>China. Guizhou Province: Pan County, alt. 1700 m, 2 Jul 2008, X.L. Wu 1187 (KUN-HKAS 77804, GenBank accession numbers: MW440551 for ITS, MW442951 for nrLSU).</p>
            <p>Habitat and distribution.</p>
            <p> Scattered on soil in the tropical forests dominated by  Castanea sp. (  Fagaceae ) and  Quercus sp. (  Fagaceae ). Currently known from south-western China. </p>
            <p>Note.</p>
            <p> Gyroporus flavocyanescens is characterised by the flavous to dull yellow or grey-yellow and then grey-orange to greyish-orange pileus, the nearly glabrous to fibrillose to finely tomentose pileal surface, the slightly extended pileal margin, the white pileal context staining strong dark blue or indigo-blue when bruised, the white to grey or cream to yellowish hymenophore staining cyanine blue to porcelain blue when bruised, the white to cream and then pale yellow to flavous stipe, the spongy and then hollow context in the stipe, the frequent clamp connections in all tissues, the ellipsoid to somewhat broadly ellipsoid basidiospores and the distribution in tropical forests dominated by plants of the family  Fagaceae . </p>
            <p> Gyroporus flavocyanescens is morphologically similar to  G. lacteus and  G. pseudolacteus . Indeed, they are phylogenetically related to each other, based on our analysis of combined nrLSU + ITS dataset (Fig. 2), though it should be noted that the bootstrap support is relatively low for the relationship with  G. lacteus (87%).  Gyroporus lacteus has large basidiomata (9-17 cm in diam.), ochraceous pileus with scaly tomentose squamules and large cheilocystidia up to 50  × 10  µm (Vizzini et al. 2015).  Gyroporus pseudolacteus has a whitish to cream white and then more or less yellowish-ochre pileus, relatively large basidia measuring 35-43  × 10-14  µm and large cheilocystidia measuring 35-55  × 8-12  µm (Crous et al. 2017). </p>
            <p> In this study, three cyanescent species of  Gyroporus from China could be recognised and identified. For the convenience of identification of the species, a key is given below. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AFFCE15D376D583FAE7794F33CE2A21B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Huang, Cong;Zhang, Ming;Wu, Xing-Liang;Wu, Gang;Xu, Jian-Ping;Yang, Zhu L.;Li, Yan-Chun	Huang, Cong, Zhang, Ming, Wu, Xing-Liang, Wu, Gang, Xu, Jian-Ping, Yang, Zhu L., Li, Yan-Chun (2021): Cyanescent Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) from China. MycoKeys 81: 165-183, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.65660, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.65660
