identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
669CC7413544AFE1457D30B736F08AF7.text	669CC7413544AFE1457D30B736F08AF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chersaecia Gude 1899	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Genus  Chersaecia Gude, 1899</p>
            <p> Chersaecia 1899c  Chersaecia (section of the genus  Plectopylis ) Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Chersaecia 1999  Chersaecia , - Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs, Part 4. (...): 2: 462. </p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Helix (Plectopylis) Leiophis Benson, 1860 (Figure 2) by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Shell sinistral or dextral, flat, widely umbilicated; in most cases protoconch seemingly  “smooth” to the naked eye, but not glossy, rather matt; under the microscope usually tubercles of various size are visible (Figure 2B); sometimes the tuberculated protoconch is irregularly wrinkled; flat periostracal filaments are visible on the body whorl or on the dorsal surface in only a few species; aperture always with a fold; parietal wall with one vertical lamella and usually one or two long horizontal plicae (main plica and lower plica) reaching the callus; palatal plicae horizontal, sometimes divided in the middle, in some species with several additional denticles posteriorly, in some species similar to that of  Plectopylis (three horizontal plicae above and one below the vertical plate formed by the accretion of two plicae). </p>
            <p> Only one  Chersaecia species is known anatomically (  Chersaecia simplex in the original description: Solem 1966). Penis internally with approximately eight longitudinal rows, those situated next to the vas deferens are distinctly larger; vas deferens becomes a part of the penis wall at the penioviducal angle; no epiphallic differentiation observed; retractor muscle inserts on the dorsal surface of the penis and attaches to the diaphragm; diverticulum absent, gametolytic sac long and thickened. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Chersaecia differs from  Endothyrella ,  Gudeodiscus Páll-Gergely , 2013,  Halongella Páll-Gergely , 2013,  Sicradiscus Páll-Gergely , 2013 and  Sinicola by the usually tuberculated (not regularly ribbed) protoconch. The presence of long parietal plicae (main and lower) distinguishes most  Chersaecia species from most  Endothyrella ,  Gudeodiscus ,  Halongella ,  Sicradiscus and  Sinicola species. The delimitation  of Chersaecia from  Plectopylis and  Endoplon needs further investigation. Among all plectopylids examined to date  Chersaecia simplex is the only species found to lack an epiphallus. The anatomy of more  Chersaecia species should be studied to check the taxonomic value of the lack of the epiphallus. </p>
            <p>Content.</p>
            <p> austeni ,  brachydiscus ,  degerbolae ,  dextrorsa ,  kengtungensis ,  leiophis (  pseudophis is probably a synonym, see Gude 1908a),  muspratti ,  nagaensis ,  perarcta ,  perrierae ,  refuga ,  shanensis ,  shiroiensis ,  simplex . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The genus is known to inhabit northeastern India, eastern and southern Myanmar (Burma) and northern Thailand.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/669CC7413544AFE1457D30B736F08AF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
C3073F2DF8AB87DD6742811AF93F0940.text	C3073F2DF8AB87DD6742811AF93F0940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella Zilch 1960	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae </p>
            <p> Genus  Endothyrella Zilch, 1960</p>
            <p> Endothyrella 1899c  Endothyra (section of the genus  Plectopylis ) Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148., non  Endothyra Phillips, 1845 (Foraminifera). </p>
            <p> Endothyrella 1960  Plectopylis (Endothyrella) , - Zilch: Handbuch der  Paläozoologie , 6 (2). </p>
            <p> Endothyrella 1999  Endothyrella , - Schileyko: Treatise on Recent Terrestrial Pulmonate Molluscs, Part 4.(...): 2: 460. </p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Helix plectostoma Benson, 1836, by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Shell sinistral or dextral; protoconch usually finely, regularly ribbed (see also discussion and Figures 6  A–F ); periostracal folds usually present on the body whorl; they are arranged in 3-7 lines; folds hair-like in most species, resulting from the rolling of flat folds; folds flat (not rolled) in some species only (see Figures 8D, 20  A–F ); dorsal sculpture strong, usually reticulated (both radial and spiral lines present, see Figure 8A); umbilicus wide to narrow; body whorl rounded in some species but rather bluntly shouldered (keeled) in others; apertural fold always absent; main plica usually absent (present in a few species only); low plica (if present) runs close to and parallel with the lower suture, it is usually very short (present only under the lamella), but in some species it reaches the callus; parietal wall with a single lamella with denticles posteriorly (probably homologous with the posterior lamella); two lamellae were reported in one species (  Endothyrella aborensis ) only; palatal plicae complicated in most species with many small denticles at their posterior ends; in many species they are at least party divided in the middle. </p>
            <p> Genitalia (see Figures 18, 21, 22  B–F , 25, 26): The left ommatophoral retractor passes between penis and vagina (in sinistral species). Penis internally with hollows (small pocket-like structures) having calcareous granules inside; penial papilla absent; epiphallus may be longer than penis and enters penis laterally; epiphallus with longitudinal folds internally; small penial caecum usually present at the penis-epiphallus boundary; retractor muscle inserts on the caecum and attaches to the diaphragm; diverticulum (if present) and gametolytic sac are of the same size. </p>
            <p> Radula (see Figures 19  A–F ): Central tooth larger than the ectocones of the first laterals; marginals tricuspid (= ectocones are divided) or even quadricuspid (both the endocones and ectocones are divided); the incision between the ectocones and endocones usually deep (  Endothyrella fultoni has rhomboid marginals which are unique in the whole family). </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> All known species of the genera  Sinicola ,  Gudeodiscus ,  Halongella and  Sicradiscus are dextral. Regardless of the coiling direction, most  Endothyrella species differ from  Sinicola by the presence of usually hair-like periostracal folds standing in multiple lines. Deciduous periostracal folds in  Sinicola are present only along the keel and the folds are always flat. Most  Sinicola species (especially the large species) have a sharp keel, whereas  Endothyrella species usually have a rounded or slightly keeled, shouldered body whorl. The palatal plicae of  Sinicola are usually simple, horizontal, straight and parallel, but in  Endothyrella they are often oblique  to vertical, divided and ornamented with minute denticles at their posterior ends. In  Sinicola the posterior lamella is present on the parietal wall, with two horizontal plicae anteriorly above and below, whereas in most  Endothyrella species (probably except for  Endothyrella aborensis ) the anterior lamella is present and the posterior is missing or reduced to one or two short vertical plicae. </p>
            <p> Some  Gudeodiscus and  Halongella species possess low, radial periostracal folds (e.g.  Páll-Gergely et al. 2015, fig. 10  e–f ), similar to those of  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. (see there). The radial folds have serrated edges in  Gudeodiscus phlyarius (Mabille, 1887). The tiny tips of the serrated folds seem to occur in a spiralling pattern (see  Páll-Gergely and Hunyadi 2013, fig. 113 and  Páll-Gergely et al. 2015, fig. 10  c–d ). All of these periostracal features of  Gudeodiscus and  Halongella are, however, easily distinguishable from the long, hair-like folds of the genus  Endothyrella . </p>
            <p> Some  Gudeodiscus species possess a fold in the aperture, which is always missing in  Endothyrella . The palatal plicae in  Gudeodiscus are usually depressed Z- or L-shaped and posterior small denticles are very rare (except for one denticle above the posterior end of the last plica), whereas the palatal plicae of  Endothyrella are frequently divided in the middle and posterior small denticles are usually present. In  Endothyrella the anterior lamella is present, and often the upper horizontal plica is missing, whereas in  Gudeodiscus both lamellae, or only the posterior one, are visible and the upper horizontal plica (above the lamella) is almost always present. Additionally,  Gudeodiscus species have a rounded body whorl, while in many  Endothyrella species the body whorl is angled or shouldered. Our limited knowledge on the anatomy of  Endothyrella species shows that the entire inner penial wall of  Endothyrella is covered by pits, whereas in  Gudeodiscus these pocket-like structures are restricted to the a certain (usually apical) portion of the penis. </p>
            <p> Sicradiscus is similar to  Endothyrella in possessing a weak or reduced posterior lamella. Long periostracal folds standing in more than one row have also been found in one  Sicradiscus species, namely in juveniles of  Sicradiscus transitus Páll-Gergely , 2013. This species, however, has hairs standing in two spiral lines on the body whorl, whereas in  Endothyrella the hairs are arranged in 3-7 spiral lines. This trait seems to be absent in adult  Sicradiscus transitus shells and all other species of  Sicradiscus , but is common in fully grown  Endothyrella shells (i.e. most species possess them). The two genera (i.e.  Endothyrella and  Sicradiscus ) differ in the short, straight palatal plicae, which are usually connected in  Sicradiscus vs. longer, more complex palatal plicae sometimes having additional denticles in  Endothyrella . In both genera divided plicae may occur, but in the case of  Sicradiscus the posterior fourth and fifth plicae seem to be always connected, whereas in  Endothyrella all plicae are free. Moreover, western  Sicradiscus species (  feheri Páll-Gergely , 2013,  invius [Heude, 1885],  mansuyi [Gude, 1908b],  securus [Heude, 1885] and  transitus ) differ from  Endothyrella by the presence of a strong apertural fold. </p>
            <p> Plectopylis and  Endoplon species have a granulated or smooth protoconch, whereas it is usually finely ribbed in  Endothyrella . Moreover,  Plectopylis and  Endoplon usually have a strong apertural fold which is often connected to a long main plica. In contrast, although some  Endothyrella species have a main plica, they all lack an apertural fold. See also under  Chersaecia and Table 3. </p>
            <p> Content . </p>
            <p> aborensis ,  affinis ,  angulata sp. n.,  babbagei ,  bedfordi ,  blanda ,  brahma ,  dolakhaensis sp. n.,  fultoni ,  inexpectata sp. n.,  macromphalus (syn.:  gregorsoni ),  minor ,  miriensis ,  nepalica sp. n.,  oakesi ,  oglei ,  pinacis ,  plectostoma ,  robustistriata sp. n.,  serica (syn:  munipurensis ),  sowerbyi ,  tricarinata ,  williamsoni . See also Tables 4 and 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> The distribution of this genus is restricted to Nepal, northeastern India and the province Sichuan in China. One species (  Endothyrella plectostoma ) was reported from Myanmar (Figure 3). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3073F2DF8AB87DD6742811AF93F0940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
17C3EF5B6CA7F8DED2D33CAFB1FF637A.text	17C3EF5B6CA7F8DED2D33CAFB1FF637A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella babbagei (Gude 1915) Gude 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella babbagei (Gude, 1915) Figures 4A, 6C </p>
            <p> Endothyrella babbagei 1915  Plectopylis (Sinicola) babbagei Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 512-513, Plate 42, figs 4  a–d . ["Luyor Peak, Abor Hills, alt. 7200 ft. Lat. 28°45': Long. 95°45']. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella babbagei 1920  Plectopylis (Sinicola) babbagei , - Gude: Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 14 (2-3): 64. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella babbagei 2013  Endothyrella babbagei , -  Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi: Archiv  für Molluskenkunde, 142 (1): 5. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Peak Luyor, Abor Hills, 7,200 ft, leg. C.F.G. Oakes R.E., NHMUK 1903.7.1.3529. (holotype, Figures 4A, 6C).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small, dextral, slightly concave above; widely umbilicated; hairs arranged in three spiral lines on the body whorl; callus strong, palatal plicae short, simple, parietal wall with a single curved lamella.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 14.4, H: 6.3 (n = 1).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> For differences with  Endothyrella oglei , and  Endothyrella serica and  Endothyrella inexpectata sp. n., see there. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Only known from the type locality (Figure 7).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17C3EF5B6CA7F8DED2D33CAFB1FF637A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
7F4B5521BAAD57CA48498CCF2EDC3372.text	7F4B5521BAAD57CA48498CCF2EDC3372.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella inexpectata Pall-Gergely	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> 
Endothyrella inexpectata 
Pall-Gergely sp. n. Figures 4B, 6F, 8D, 9  A–B</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> China, Sichuan Sheng (四川省), Panzhihua Shi (攀枝花市), Yanbian Xian (盐边县), Qinghe Xiang (箐河乡), Qinghepubu (箐河瀑布), Xianrendong (仙人洞), 1410 m, 27°03.834'N, 101°23.611'E, leg. Hosoda, T., Ohara, K., Okubo,  K ., Otani, J. U., 12.09.2013, NHMUK 20140023 (holotype, Figures 4B, 6F, 8D, 9  A–B ), JUO/1 (paratype), TH/1 (paratype = juvenile shell); China, Sichuan Sheng (四川省), Liangshan Yizu Zizhizhou (凉山彝族自治州), Yanyuan Xian (盐源县), Bainiao Zhen (白鳥鎮), Kedengrongdong (柯登溶洞) (cave), 2620 m, 27°43.103'N, 101°31.021'E, leg. Hosoda, T., Ohara, K., Okubo, K., Otani, J. U., 13.09.2013, JUO/1 juvenile shell (not paratype); Sichuan Sheng (四川省), Liangshan Zhou (凉山州), Yanyuan Xian (盐源县), Baiwu Zhen (白乌镇), eastern edge of Kedeng Cun (柯登村), 2640 m, 27°43.897'N, 101°31.208'E, leg. Hunyadi, A., Szekeres, M., 11.06.2015., HA/1 paratype. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell very small, dextral, almost flat, relatively widely umbilicated with elevated callus; hairs standing in three lines on the body whorl; parietal wall with a single, curved lamella; palatal wall with six short plicae.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell dextral, with almost flat, very slightly domed dorsal side (protoconch slightly elevates from the dorsal surface); brownish or slightly reddish in colour; protoconch consists of 1.5-1.75 whorls, first whorls rather smooth, last 0.25-0.5 whorl regularly ribbed (Figure 6F); teleoconch with irregular, rough growth lines and spiral structure; sculpture stronger on the dorsal surface but still well-visible on the ventral surface; deciduous, slim and flat folds standing in three lines on the body whorl (Figure 8D); whorls 4.75, very much bulging, separated by deep suture; umbilicus moderately wide and deep; apertural lip whitish, thickened and slightly reflexed; callus strong, elevated, sharp and slightly S-shaped; with canals at both ends; no fold in the aperture.</p>
            <p> One specimen (the holotype) was opened. The armature is situated very close to the aperture, palatal plicae visible from oblique view through the aperture. Parietal wall with a single curved lamella without additional denticles; arms of the lamella pointing posteriorly; palatal wall with six very short plicae becoming narrower posteriorly; the last one with an additional denticle posteriorly (Figures 9  A–B ). </p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 6.6-6.7, H: 3.0-3.1 (n = 2, from different localities).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella babbagei is much larger than  Endothyrella inexpectata sp. n., and it has flatter whorls and has a weaker callus than the new species.  Sinicola species of the same size have a keeled or shouldered body whorl and have two parallel parietal plicae anterior to or above the lamella (one near the upper, the other near the lower suture).  Sicradiscus invius also occurs in Sichuan, but it is smooth (glossy) and has a strong apertural fold. See also under  Endothyrella oglei and  Endothyrella serica and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The name inexpectata (meaning unexpected in Latin) refers to the surprizing new, especially dextral  Endothyrella species in China. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Sichuan Sheng (四川省), Panzhihuashi (攀枝花市), Yanbian Xian (盐边县), Qinghe Xiang (箐河乡), Qinghepubu (箐河瀑布), Xianrendong (仙人洞), 1410 m, 27°03.834'N, 101°23.611'E.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella inexpectata sp. n. is known from two localities in western Sichuan province, China (Figure 7). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F4B5521BAAD57CA48498CCF2EDC3372	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
68FE67AD3693928F66C7C79F2AD38C20.text	68FE67AD3693928F66C7C79F2AD38C20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella oglei (Godwin-Austen 1879) Godwin-Austen 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae </p>
            <p> Endothyrella oglei (Godwin-Austen, 1879) Figures 5A, 6A </p>
            <p> Endothyrella
oglei
 1879a  Helix (Plectopylis) Oglei Godwin-Austen: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 48 (2): 3, Plate 1, figs 2, 2  a–c . ["Near Sadiya, Assam"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella oglei 1887  Helix (Plectopylis) oglei , - Tryon: Manual of Conchology  … , 2 (3): 159, Plate 36, figs 29-31. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella oglei 1898  Plectopylis oglei , - Gude: Science Gossip, 4: 263, figs 68  a–h . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella oglei 1899c  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) oglei , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella oglei 1899d  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) oglei , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 176. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella oglei 1914b  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) oglei , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 73, 92-93, figs 39  a–h . </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Sadia, E. Assam, leg. Ogle, NHMUK 1903.7.1.740. (4 syntypes, Figure 5A, 6A).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Shell middle sized, dextral, yellowish-reddish striped with moderately wide umbilicus and somewhat domed dorsal surface; callus strong, palatal plicae divided at their middle and the posterior fragments are connected by a ridge; parietal wall with a single curved lamella with posteriorly elongated upper and lower ends. Probably at least the upper elongation is homologous with the posterior denticle of other  Endothyrella species. </p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 16.8-16.9, H: 7.7-8.1 (n = 2, type series).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella babbagei and  Endothyrella inexpectata sp. n. differ from the  Endothyrella oglei by the flat dorsal surface of the shell and the presence of hairs arranged in three rows on the body whorl. See also under  Endothyrella serica and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The information published by Gude (1914b) (major diameter 27, minor diameter 25 mm) is wrong; it probably refers to "  Chersaecia "  andersoni . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The species is known from the type locality only (Figure 10).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/68FE67AD3693928F66C7C79F2AD38C20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
4540A3629B54A84199BA96D7A8886A35.text	4540A3629B54A84199BA96D7A8886A35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella serica (Godwin-Austen 1875) Godwin-Austen 1875	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica (Godwin-Austen, 1875) Figures 5  B–D , 6B </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1875  Helix (Plectopylis) serica Godwin-Austen: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 608, 609, 612, Plate 73, figs 5  a–c . ["on the peak of Henozdan, Burrail range" "above 5000 feet on the same range as far east as the Kopamedza ridge"] (1874, part IV, published in 1875; see Duncan 1937). </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1875  Helix (Plectopylis) munipurensis Godwin-Austen new synonym: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 610, 612, Plate 73, figs 6  a–c . ["At the end of the Ihang valley,  Munipúr , at about 3000-4000 feet"] (1874, part IV, published in 1875; see Duncan 1937). </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1875  Helix sericata (sic.), - Hanley &amp; Theobald: Conchologia Indica...: 53, Plate 132, figs 8, 9. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1878  Helix (Plectopylis) serica , - Nevill: Hand list of  Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta...: 71. ["Hengdan Peak and Burrail"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1879a  Helix (Plectopylis) serica , - Godwin-Austen: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 48 (2): 3. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1887  Helix (Plectopylis) serica , - Tryon: Manual of Conchology  … , 2 (3): 159, Plate 34, figs 49-52. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1887  Helix (Plectopylis) Munipurensis , - Tryon: Manual of Conchology  … , 2 (3): 160, Plate 34, figs 56-58. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1897a  Plectopylis serica , - Gude: Science Gossip, 3: 205-206, figs 31  a–c . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1897  Plectopylis serica , - Gude: Science Gossip, 3: 246. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1898  Plectopylis munipurensis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 4: 263-264, figs 69  a–g . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1899c  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) serica , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1899c  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) munipurensis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1899d  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) serica , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 177. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1899d  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) munipurensis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 176. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1914b  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) serica , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 73, 93-94, figs 40  a–c . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella serica 1914b  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) munipurensis , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 73, 94-95, figs 41  a–g . </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> Khunho, H.S. Naga Hills, leg. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.741 (8 syntypes of  serica , Figure 5B); Hengdan P., Naga Hills, leg. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK  1903.7.1.744 (6 syntypes of  serica , Figure 5C); Munipur Hills, head of the Ihang valley, Munipur, leg. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.742. (6 syntypes of  munipurensis , Figure 5D). </p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> Naga Hills, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.743/4 (under the name  munipurensis ); Japvo Peak, Nr. Kohima, Naga Hills, NHMUK 20150128/8; Lhota Naga, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.745/6; no locality, leg. Maxwell, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150129/5; India, Hengdan Peak, NHMUK 1891.3.17.356-357/2; India, NHMUK 1874.4.26.2/2; Khasi Hills, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1906.2.2.360/2. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Shell very small to small, dextral, yellowish-reddish striped with moderately wide umbilicus and depressed conical dorsal surface; callus strong, palatal plicae more or less straight, simple or have dichotomously divided posterior ends; parietal  wall with a single curved lamella with denticles near the upper and lower ends posteriorly, which occasionally fuse with the lamella. </p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 9.7-9.9, H: 4.4-4.8 (n = 3, NHMUK 1903.7.1.744); D: 9.9-13, H: 4.9-5.5 (n = 4, NHMUK 1903.7.1.741); D: 10.9-11.7, H: 5.1-5.7 (n = 3, NHMUK 1903.7.1.742).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella babbagei and  Endothyrella inexpectata sp. n. differ from  Endothyrella serica by the flat dorsal surface of the shell and the presence of three rows of hairs on the body whorl.  Endothyrella oglei differs from the also dextral  Endothyrella serica by the much larger size, the absence of the groove on the protoconch, which runs parallel with the suture in  Endothyrella serica , and the morphology of the lamella which has only posteriorly elongated ends. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> The species is recorded from the Naga Hills (see also remarks). "  Plectopylis munipurensis " was described from "end of the Ihang valley" (Figure 11). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Godwin-Austen (1875) described  Helix (Plectopylis) serica and  Helix (Plectopylis) munipurensis in the same publication. He did not mention the differences between the two species. According to the illustrations and the identification key in the original description, the upper end of the lamella in  munipurensis is more elongated anteriorly than that of  Helix serica . Two shells of  Endothyrella serica were opened from the Hengdan sample, and both had an anteriorly elongated plica. In this respect, and also in shell shape, these shells were more similar to  Endothyrella munipurensis specimens. In the Khunho sample four shells were opened, three having no or very slight upper elongation, but one  had an as long plica as in typical  munipurensis shells. Examining the type specimens of the two species we have not found significant differences. The width of the umbilicus and the height of the spire showed some variability. Therefore we synonymize  munipurensis with  serica . We choose  Helix (Plectopylis) serica to be the valid specific name. </p>
            <p>In the original description Godwin-Austen (1875) reported the species from the "peak of Henozdan" and from the "Kopamedza ridge". The second sample is probably identical with the one from Khunho in the type collection of the NHM.</p>
            <p> Gude (1897h) mentions that according to Godwin-Austen, the correct names for  “Henozdan” and  “Kopameda” in Gude (1897a) are  “Hengdan” and  “Kopamedza” , respectively. According to the same erratum, Godwin-Austen also mentioned that the locality of  Ponsonby’s shell (Sylhet) is probably incorrect, because  Plectopylis serica is a very local species, inhabiting altitudes higher than 5000 feet. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4540A3629B54A84199BA96D7A8886A35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
CE8BC9F57314BEAE0FAA0E9AFEA19FBA.text	CE8BC9F57314BEAE0FAA0E9AFEA19FBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella aborensis (Gude 1915) Gude 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella aborensis (Gude, 1915) Figure 12 </p>
            <p> Endothyrella
aborensis
 1915  Plectopylis (Endoplon) aborensis Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 511-512, Plate 42, Fig. 3  a–d . ["Between Renging and Rotung, 2200 ft., Abor country."]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella aborensis 2013  Endothyrella aborensis , -  Páll-Gergely &amp; Hunyadi: Archiv  für Molluskenkunde, 142 (1): 5. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> According to the original description, two shells, an adult and a juvenile were collected and finally deposited in the Indian Museum (inventory numbers: 5998 and 6135). Specimen reference collections in the Indian Museum were transferred to the ZSI following foundation of the ZSI in 1916. The ZSI supplied us with two photos of an adult shell under the name of  Plectopylis aborensis , which they considered as one of the type specimens. These photos, however, clearly showed a different specimen than the one figured in Gude (1915). No other information could be obtained from the ZSI. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small, sinistral, almost flat, widely umbilicated; callus strong; palatal plicae Z or L-shaped; there are two parietal lamellae, a short upper plica which is in contact with the posterior lamella, and a long lower plica which reaches the peristome.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 14, H: 6.5 (according to the original description).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The species was not examined by us, but according to the original description the species differs from all congeners by the short and uniquely shaped palatal plicae, which are depressed Z-shaped, or the lower branch of the  “Z” is elongated. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Known from the type locality only (approximately 28°10'N, 95°13'E) (Figure 10).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> So far, this is the only  Endothyrella species with two well-developed lamellae. The parietal lamellae show a very unusual arrangement which has not been ob  served in any other species of  Plectopylidae . The two parietal plicae can be the result of teratological duplication which has been reported for some species (Gude 1908b: 347). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE8BC9F57314BEAE0FAA0E9AFEA19FBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
7AB22C1DAD8BDA93EF368AA3B89538DC.text	7AB22C1DAD8BDA93EF368AA3B89538DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella affinis (Gude 1897) Gude 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella affinis (Gude, 1897) Figure 13G </p>
            <p> Endothyrella affinis 1897b  Plectopylis affinis Gude: Science Gossip, 3: 276, figs 41  a–d . ["Khasia Hills, Assam"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella affinis 1897g  Plectopylis affinis , - Gude: The Journal of Malacology, 6: 46-48, fig. 3. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella affinis 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) affinis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella affinis 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) affinis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 176. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella affinis 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) affinis , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 73, 84-85, figs 34  a–d . </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>India, Khasia Hills, ex Fulton, NHMUK 1922.8.29.36 (syntype, Figure 13G); Khasia Hills, NHMUK 1901.4.25.41-43 (3 syntypes).</p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> India, Khasi Hills, NHMUK 1892.9.22.1-4 (4 specimens); India, NHMUK 1916.3.15.1-2/2 ("showing immature armature"); Khasi Hills, Assam, coll. Salisbury ex coll. Beddome, NHMUK 20150130/3; Khasi Hills, NHMUK 20150131/3; Cherra, leg. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150132/1 juvenile shell; N-Vorderindien, Khasi-Berge, coll. C. R. Boettger 1911, SMF 118096/1 (labelled as  “cotype” ); Cherrapoonjee, coll. Jetschin ex coll. Gude 1900, SMF 118095/2; India, Khasi Hills, NHMW 34233/2; Khasi Hills, coll.  Möllendorff , SMF 150107/3; Khasi-Berge, coll.  Möllendorff , ex coll. Gude, SMF 9279/4; Khasi Hills, coll. Bosch ex coll. Rolle, SMF 172074/2; N. O(?) Indien, coll. Steenberg, ZMUC-GAS-1811/1; no locality, coll. Jousseaume, MNHN 2012-27051/2; no locality, coll. Jousseaume, MNHN 2012-27048/29 (strongly shouldered, relatively small shells together with typical ones). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small, sinistral, yellowish, with narrow umbilicus, conical dorsal surface and shouldered body whorl; hairs are arranged in four rows on the body whorl; callus strong, middle palatal plicae usually divided in the middle; the posterior fragments are oblique, the anterior ones are rather straight; parietal wall with a single, slightly curved lamella with short denticles posteriorly, one above and one below, and a horizontal lower plica which may be divided in the middle.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 9.7-10.9, H: 5.4-5.7 (n = 4, SMF 9279); D: 8.5-10.6, H: 5.1-5.6 (n = 3, MNHN 2012-27048).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> See under  Endothyrella plectostoma ,  Endothyrella sowerbyi and  Endothyrella tricarinata and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The species is recorded from the Khasi Hills only (Figure 11).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7AB22C1DAD8BDA93EF368AA3B89538DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
ED5A3B59649118F7BFDD392BEC8F145F.text	ED5A3B59649118F7BFDD392BEC8F145F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella angulata Budha & Pall-Gergely	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> 
Endothyrella angulata Budha &amp; 
Pall-Gergely sp. n. Figures 9  I–J , 14B </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Nepal, Taubas, Bhainse, Makwanpur District, 27°492521'N, 85°04839'E., leg. Budha, P., 30.03.2012., holotype (CDZMTU018, Figure 14B); 3 paratypes and 2 juvenile shells (not paratypes) (CDZMTU019).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small, sinisttral, with flat dorsal surface and shouldered (keeled) body whorl; hairs are arranged in four rows; parietal lamella simple with a short free horizontal plica below it, and two denticles posterior to the lamella which are in contact with the lamella; middle palatal plicae divided.</p>
            <p> Description . </p>
            <p>Shell sinistral, semi-transparent; protoconch elevated from the flat dorsal surface; colour brownish or greyish; protoconch conspicuously large, consists of 2.5, 2.75 whorls, very finely, regularly ribbed; teleoconch with clearly visible reticulated sculpture dominated by radial growth lines; sculpture somewhat weaker on the ventral surface; very slender, long periostracal folds (hairs) standing in four spiral lines along the body whorl; two closely adjacent rows running with the keel above, one row on the ventral side around the umbilicus, and one row approximately in the middle line of the body whorl; whorls 6.25 (holotype) moderately bulging, separated by relatively deep suture; umbilicus wide and deep; peristome thin, slightly reflexed; callus moderate; no fold in the aperture.</p>
            <p> One specimen was opened. Palatal wall with a single, straight lamella, with two short denticles on the posterior side of the lamella, both are in contact with the lamella; a short, free horizontal plica is visible under the lamella; palatal wall with six plicae, first straight, last slightly curved, the middle plicae are divided in the middle, the fragments are horizontal, oblique or Z-shaped (Figure 9  I–J ). </p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 8.5, H: 3.5 (holotype); D: 5.5, H: 2.5, Wh: 5 (paratype; subadult specimen).</p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis. </p>
            <p> See under  Endothyrella dolakhaensis sp. n.,  Endothyrella minor ,  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n.,  Endothyrella pinacis and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The Latin angulatus (cornered, angular) refers to the shouldered/angulated body whorl of the new species.</p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Nepal, Taubas, Bhainse, Makwanpur District, 27°492521'N, 85°04839'E.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella angulata sp. n. is known only from the type locality (Figure 15). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED5A3B59649118F7BFDD392BEC8F145F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
CFCE1B0DCAA1A4A274815E197B501BEA.text	CFCE1B0DCAA1A4A274815E197B501BEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella bedfordi (Gude 1915) Gude 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella bedfordi (Gude, 1915) Figure 16C </p>
            <p> Endothyrella
bedfordi
 1915  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) bedfordi Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 510-511, plate 42, fig. 2  a–d . ["Abor country, Tsanspu Valley, on the Dihang, about 50 miles above the junction of the Sigon River, alt. 2800 ft."]. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Tsanspu Valley Abor Hills, 2800 ft, leg. C.F.G. Oakes R.E., NHMUK 1903.7.1.3584. (2 syntypes, Figure 16C).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell very small, sinistral, brownish, with moderately wide umbilicus, almost flat dorsal surface (only the apex is elevated slightly), and rounded body whorl; callus strong, palatal plicae long, more or less straight horizontal, with dichotomously divided posterior ends and many small denticles at their posterior ends; lamella single, curved, in contact with a lower plica, which runs until the peristome.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 9.1, H: 4.9 (n = 1, type series).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella bedfordi has a single curved parietal lamella with a long lower plica (which reaches the peristome) attached to it, and at the posterior ends of palatal plicae there are several small denticles. These features distinguish  Endothyrella bedfordi from all congeners. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The species is known from the type locality only (approximately 28°44'N, 94°56'E) (Figure 10).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFCE1B0DCAA1A4A274815E197B501BEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
7800E7DCC7093D6A3715AB8D95B4C816.text	7800E7DCC7093D6A3715AB8D95B4C816.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella blanda (Gude 1898) Gude 1898	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae </p>
            <p> Endothyrella blanda (Gude, 1898) Figures 17  B–C , 18, 19  A–B , 20  A–C</p>
            <p> Endothyrella blanda 1898  Plectopylis blanda Gude: Science Gossip, 4: 264, figs 70  a–f . ["Naga Hills, Assam"] </p>
            <p> Endothyrella blanda 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) blanda , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella blanda 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) blanda , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 176. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella blanda 1900  Plectopylis blanda , - Gude: The Journal of Malacology, 7: 34-35, figs 11  a–f . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella blanda 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) blanda , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 73, 77-78, figs 28  a–f . </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Naga Hills, NHMUK 1922.8.29.41., coll. Godwin-Austen (holotype, Figure 17B).</p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> Richila Peak, Sikkim, India, coll.  Ottó , L., MMGY 66425/2; Darjeeling, India, West Bengal, Darjeeling, North Point 900-1400 m asl., under stones in forest clearings, coll.  Topál , 1967. HNHM 98849/2; Damsang, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150133/26; Rissetchu, Sikkim, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150135/8; Rissetchu &amp; Richila Peak, W. Bhutan, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150136/33 (several of these are juvenile shells); Sikhim, Nampok, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150137/28; Richila Peak, Sikkim, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150138/102; Risset-Chu, Sikkim, NHMUK 20150139/309; Sikhim, NHMUK 20150140/8 (there is a label with the number  “749” ); Sikhim, coll. Beddome ex coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1912.4.16.318/1 (large variety); Sikhim, Rinkpo valley, NHMUK 1906.1.1.752/1; Sikkim, Rechila Peak, coll. W. Robert, NHMUK 1903.7.1.28/1; Sikhim, NHMUK 20150141/8; Sikkim, Rarhichu, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20120110/1 (labelled as  hanleyi ?); Sikhim, Rarhichu, NHMUK 20150143/35 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella minor ); Darjiling, NHMUK 1906.2.2.142/5 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma ); Rarhichu, NHMUK 20150134/49; Khasi Hills, leg. Stoliczka, 1880, NHMW 109255/3 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : NHMW 92593 and  Endothyrella sowerbyi : NHMW 109254). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell tiny to very small, sinistral, with narrow umbilicus, conical dorsal surface and 7 rows of hairs; callus weak but present; palatal plicae divided, posterior fractions denticle-like; anterior fractions horizontal, straight; lamella straight or very slightly S-shaped, with posterior denticles above and below, and with a lower and an upper plica close to the sutures; lower plica sometimes short, sometimes very long, and reaches the peristome.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 4.9-5.7, H: 2.8-3.3 (n = 3, NHMUK 20150134).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> See under  Endothyrella macromphalus ,  Endothyrella minor ,  Endothyrella robustistriata sp. n. and  Endothyrella williamsoni and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Description of the genitalia</p>
            <p>(Figure 18): Two specimens were anatomically examined. Collection data: Silchar Cachar, F. Ede, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.502. Both specimens had several embryos developing in the uterus.</p>
            <p> The left ommatophoral retractor passes between penis and vagina. Atrium short, penis long, rather cylindrical, but slowly tapers towards the proximal end; opening the penis was very difficult, not only because of its size, but also due to the age of the speci  men ; the internal morphology could hardly be seen, although parallel folds forming  “pockets” were visible; a little thickening was found near the posterior end of the penis, this could be interpreted as a penial caecum. The slender and relatively long retractor muscle inserts on the proximal end of the penis, slightly in proximal direction from the caecum; epiphallus also slender, slightly longer than the penis; vas deferens long and slim; vagina shorter than the penis and epiphallus combined, it is very thick, with a well-developed vaginal bulb; several short muscle fibres attach the vagina to the body wall and diaphragm; both the gametolytic sac and the diverticulum are very long and slim, although the gametolytic sac is somewhat thickened. </p>
            <p>Radula</p>
            <p> (Figures 19  A–B ): Radula elongated, but not very slender, central tooth present, laterals approximately 6, standing in straight lines (perpendicular to the central column); marginals approximately 14, although it is difficult to distinguish which are laterals and which are marginals; marginals are placed in oblique rows; central tooth wide-based triangular, smaller than the endocone of the first lateral, but much larger than the ectocone; laterals bicuspid, endo- and ectocones are triangular; marginals usually tricuspid (the endocone has two cusps), but some of the marginals are  tetracuspid (both the endocone and the ectocone have two cusps); all cusps pointed, the incision between the innermost two cusps is deep. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Most museum samples have been collected in the Sikkim area. Gude received the holotype from Godwin-Austen, and it was said to be collected in the Naga Hills, approximately 600 km from Sikkim. The anatomically examined specimens have been collected from Silchar Cachar, which is located at least 500 km from Sikkim, but not far from the Naga Hills. If the samples from the Naga Hills and from Silchar are correctly labelled, we may expect that the species is widely distributed throughout north-eastern India (see also Figure 11).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7800E7DCC7093D6A3715AB8D95B4C816	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
8E39E727775864FD66B19601E03400C4.text	8E39E727775864FD66B19601E03400C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella brahma (Godwin-Austen 1879) Godwin-Austen 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma (Godwin-Austen, 1879) Figure 16B </p>
            <p> Endothyrella
brahma
 1879a  Helix (Plectopylis) brahma Godwin-Austen: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 48 (2): 3-4, plate 1, fig 3. ["near Brahmakund, eastern Assam, at 1,000 feet elevation"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma 1887  Helix (Plectopylis) brahma , - Tryon: Manual of Conchology  … , 2 (3): 164, Plate 36, figs 35-37. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma 1894  Plectopylis brahma , - Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology, 2 (9): 145. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma 1897d  Plectopylis brahma , - Gude: Science Gossip, 4: 170-171, figs 63  a–c . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma 1899c  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) brahma , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma 1899d  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) brahma , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 176. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma 1914b  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) brahma , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 74, 113-114, 54  a–c . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma 1915  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) brahma , - Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 509, 511. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma 1920  Plectopylis (Chersaecia) brahma , - Gude: Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 14 (2-3): 63. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Brahamakund, E. Assam, NHMUK 1903.7.1.751. (6 syntypes, Figure 16B).</p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p>Assam, leg. Hungerford, NHMUK 1891.3.17.362-364 (3 specimens); Assam, Brahmakund, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150144/27 (several shells juvenile); Brahmakund, NHMUK 20150145/8.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell very small, sinistral, with narrow umbilicus, depressed conical dorsally, conspicuous radial sculpture without hairs; callus very strong; palatal plicae short, straight, with many small denticles at their posterior ends, standing along a vertical line; lamella oblique, with three horizontal plicae anteriorly, the lowermost is in contact with the lower end of the lamella; besides these anterior plicae, there is a short upper plica above the lamella, and long lower plica close to the lower suture, which runs until the aperture.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 8.1-8.2, H: 4.6 (n = 2, type series).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella brahma can be distinguished from all other  Endothyrella species by the presence of three parallel, horizontal parietal plicae anterior to the lamella. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The species is known from the type locality only (Figure 10).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E39E727775864FD66B19601E03400C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
FE7941F5FE83936454160B6E228A3847.text	FE7941F5FE83936454160B6E228A3847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella dolakhaensis Budha & Pall-Gergely	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> 
Endothyrella dolakhaensis Budha &amp; 
Pall-Gergely sp. n. Figures 9  G–H , 14A </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Nepal, Suridobhan, Dolakha, 1023 m, 27.758852°N, 86.197894°E, leg. Budha, P., 03.02.2009., holotype (CDZMTU001, Figure 14A), CDZMTU002 (2 paratypes = shells from the same locality); Nepal, Bhorle, Dolakha, 800 m, 27.696652°N, 86.129583°E, leg. Budha, P., 03.02.2009., 11 paratypes = shells (CDZMTU003).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small with rather conical dorsal surface; body whorl slightly angulated with five rows of hairs; parietal lamella simple with one or two denticles posteriorly and a plica below; middle palatal plicae divided or almost divided.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell very small, sinistral, with somewhat elevated spire and rather conical apex; protoconch elevated from the dorsal surface; colour brownish or greyish; protoconch conspicuously large, consists of 2.25-2.5 whorls (n = 2), very finely, regularly ribbed; teleoconch with clearly visible reticulated sculpture dominated by radial growth lines; sculpture somewhat weaker on the ventral surface; very slender, long periostracal folds (hairs) standing in five spiral lines along the body whorl; whorls 5.25-5.5 (n = 3) moderately bulging, separated by relatively deep suture; umbilicus wide and deep; apertural lip whitish, thin, slightly reflexed; callus also very weak, slightly S-shaped; no fold in the aperture.</p>
            <p> One specimen from the type locality was opened. Parietal wall with one rather straight lamella with slight lower arms pointing in both directions; small denticle near the upper end posteriorly, connected to the lamella; two short horizontal plicae under the lamella; palatal wall with six plicae; first slim and short, the second-fifth plicae are divided in the middle and are of the same length; last plica also short, rather straight (Figures 9  G–H ). </p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 6.5-9.0, H: 4.0-5.0., Wh: 5.5-6.0 (n = 5).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The most similar species are  Endothyrella affinis and  Endothyrella plectostoma , which are larger, have a higher spire, and a deeper, narrower umbilicus.  Endothyrella dolakhaensis sp. n. has a more elevated spire and more rounded body whorl than  Endothyrella angulata sp. n. Moreover,  Endothyrella dolakhaensis sp. n. has five rows of periostracal folds, whereas  Endothyrella angulata sp. n. has four. See also under  Endothyrella macromphalus ,  Endothyrella minor and  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The new species is named after the district name (Dolakha).</p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Nepal, Suridobhan, Dolakha, 1023 m, 27.758852°N, 86.197894°E.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella dolakhaensis sp. n. is known from two localities in the valley of the Tamakoshi River, Dolakha district, Central Nepal (Figure 15). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE7941F5FE83936454160B6E228A3847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
109EDEB83C2F83467B923C9CBB567BE2.text	109EDEB83C2F83467B923C9CBB567BE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella fultoni (Godwin-Austen 1892) Godwin-Austen 1892	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni (Godwin-Austen, 1892) Figures 12A, 19  C–D , 21, 22  B–C</p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni 1892  Helix (Plectopylis) fultoni Godwin-Austen: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (10): 300-301. ["Exact locality unknown. Khasi Hills?"; detailed description on the exactness of the locality on page 301]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni 1893  Plectopylis fultoni , - Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology..., 2 (8): 296, 297. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni 1894  Plectopylis fultoni , - Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology..., 2 (9): 144, 146, Plate 40, figs 13-15. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni 1896  Plectopylis fultoni , - Gude: Science Gossip, 3: 178-179, figs 23  a–b . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) fultoni , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) fultoni , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 176. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) fultoni , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 72, 87-89, figs 36  a–b . </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Khasi Hills (?) from Fulton, NHMUK 1903.7.1.301. (2 syntypes, Figure 12A).</p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> Ost-Ind., coll. Gerstenbrandt, NHMW 5954/2; Khasi Hills, Assam, coll.  Rušnov , ex coll. Blume, NHMW 71770/R/9 (1 shell); Khasi Hills, leg. Godwin-Austen, NHMW 19599/2; India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, leg. Godwin-Austen, Altonaer Museum, ZMH 45907/2; Khasi-Berge, coll.  Möllendorff , SMF 150103/3; Assam, Cherrapoonjeh, SMF 150104/4; Ostindien, Assam, coll. C. R. Boettger 1909, SMF 102818/1; Indien, Khasi Berge, coll. Bosch ex coll. Rolle, SMF 172070/3; Khasi Hills, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1906.1.1.737/2; Khasi Hills, coll. Fulton, NHMUK 20150146/3; Assam, Khasi Hills, coll. Trechmann, NHMUK 20150147/2; Assam, Khasi Hills, NHMUK 1892.9.11.9-11/3 (one of them is small juvenile); Assam, Khasi Hills, coll. Lucas, NHMUK 20150148/2; Assam, Khasi Hills, coll. Smith, NHMUK 1937.12.30.13862-13864/3; India, Khasi Hills, coll. Salisbury ex coll. Beddome, NHMUK 20150149/2; Khasi Hills, Assam, coll. Gude, coll. Kennard, NHMUK 20150150/9; Assam, Cherrapoonje, coll. Lucas, NHMUK 20150151/1; no locality, dissected dried animal, NHMUK 20150152/3; no locality, coll. Jousseaume, MNHN 2012-27052/1 juvenile shell. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell middle sized to large, sinistral, with reversed trapezoid shape, narrow umbilicus, angled body whorl, an apex which is elevated from the dorsal surface, and four rows of hairs on the body whorls; callus very strong; 3rd, 4th and 5th palatal plicae are divided in the middle, the others are more or less straight and horizontal; lamella vertical or oblique, with short lower and upper plicae above and below.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 19.9-20.3, H: 9.5-10.4 (n = 2, SMF 150103).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella fultoni is much larger than any other  Endothyrella species and has a characteristic reversed trapezoid shell shape. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Description of the genitalia</p>
            <p> (Figures 21, 22  B–C ): A single specimen was anatomically examined. Collection data: Khasi, leg. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.598. The specimen had some embryos developing in the uterus. The whole body was very fragile, therefore the gametolytic sac and the diverticulum could not be dissected out. </p>
            <p> The left ommatophoral retractor passes between penis and vagina. Atrium relatively long; penis long, consists of a longer, slimmer distal and a shorter, more thickened proximal part; at the proximal end of the penis there is a rounded bulb-like thickening (similar to that of some  Gudeodiscus species, see  Páll-Gergely and Asami 2014 and  Páll-Gergely et al. 2015); penis internally with honey-comb-like tubercles without calcareous granules (Figure 22C); the somewhat slimmer penial caecum has some (approximately 8) parallel folds inside, which also form minute hollows standing in lines between the folds (Figure 22B); these small pockets may serve for small calcareous granules, although no granules were found; epiphallus enters penis at the basis of  the rounded penial thickening; epiphallus relatively short, approximately as long as the proximal, thickened part of the penis; retractor muscle inserts on the proximal end of the penial caecum, it is approximately as long as the proximal part of the penis; vas deferens long and thick, it becomes curly near its insertion to the spermoviductus; vagina shorter than the the half of the penis; it has a vaginal bulb at the middle; two batch of fibres attach the proximal and distal part of the vaginal bulb to the body wall; there are also some longer and more slender muscle fibres attached to the vagina; between the atrium and the vaginal bulb there is a slender, longitudinal thickening on the inner  vaginal wall; vaginal bulb internally with fine, irregularly reticulated sculpture; the area of the inner vaginal wall between the bulb and the spermoviductus is roughly reticulated; gametolytic sac relatively thick, the diverticulum is more slender. </p>
            <p>Radula</p>
            <p> (Figure 19  C–D ): The radula of the only available specimen was very fragile, probably because of the age of the sample; only a fragment of the middle part of the radula could be examined; central tooth present, laterals 14, marginals at least 8; central tooth very long, but somewhat shorter than the endocone of the first lateral, although larger than the ectocones; central tooth elongated triangular with slightly concave marginal line; endocone of the laterals are rather rhomboid, blunt, ectocone pointed triangular; endocones of marginals deformed rhomboid, sometimes oval, showing the sign of becoming bicuspid; ectocones of marginals blunt or pointed triangular. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The species is assumed to occur in the Khasi hills (Godwin-Austen 1892) (Figure 11).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/109EDEB83C2F83467B923C9CBB567BE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
45D3205AF1D6987DA9745E9261E627BD.text	45D3205AF1D6987DA9745E9261E627BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella macromphalus (W. Blanford 1870) W. Blanford 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus (W. Blanford, 1870) Figures 23  A–B</p>
            <p> Endothyrella
macromphalus
 1870  Helix (Plectopylis) macromphalus W. Blanford: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 39 (2): 17-18, Plate 3, fig. 14. ["ad Mairung in montibus Khasi"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1870-1876  Helix macromphalus , - Hanley &amp; Theobald: Conchologia Indica  … : Plate 83, figs 8-10. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1875  Plectopylis macromphalus , - Godwin-Austen: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 612, 613, Plate 73, figs 1, 1a. ["Darjeeling and N. E. frontier, Bengal.  Khási” ] (1874, part IV, published in 1875; see Duncan 1937). </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1878  Helix (Plectopylis) macromphalus , - Nevill: Hand list of  Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta...: 71. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1879b  Helix (Plectopylis) macromphalus , - Godwin-Austen: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (4): 163-164. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1887  Helix (Plectopylis) macromphalus , - Tryon: Manual of Conchology  … , 2 (3): 160, Plate 34, figs 65-68. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1892  Plectopylis macromphalus , - Godwin-Austen: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (10): 301. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1893  Plectopylis macromphalus , - Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology..., 2 (8): 297. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1894  Plectopylis macromphalus , - Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology..., 2 (9): 146. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1897c  Plectopylis macromphalus , - Gude: Science Gossip, 4: 10-11, figs 46  a–b . ["Khasia, Dafla and Naga Hills, in Assam"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) macromphalus , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 147, 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) macromphalus , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 177. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) macromphalus , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 72, 79, figs 29  a–b . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1915  Plectopylis (Endothyra) macromphalus , - Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 507. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus 1915  Plectopylis (Endothyra) gregorsoni Gude new synonym: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 506-507, Plate 41, figs 2  a–d . ["Yamne Valley, Abor Hills"]. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> Darjiling, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1906.1.1.754. (holotype of  macromphalus , Figure 23A); Yamne Valley, Abor Hills, leg. C.F.G. Oakes, R.E., NHMUK 1903.7.1.3124. (holotype of  gregorsoni , Figure 23B). </p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> Cherra, leg. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150156/2 (juveniles, mixed sample with  Endothyrella affinis ); Khasi, leg. Stoliczka, 1880.xv.194., NHMW 92589/1 juvenile shell; Khasi Berge, SMF 150102/3 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella minor ); Khasi Berge, coll. Bosch, ex coll. Rolle, SMF 172069/2; Brit. Indien, Toruputu Dfola, 5000', coll. Ehrmann ex coll. Webb, SMF 150101/3; Dafla Hills, Burrail Gorge, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.772/10 (4 had, 6 lacked a long lower plica); Khasi Hills, Mairang, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1906.2.2.362/4 (3 lacked, 1 had a long lower plica); Khasi Hills, coll. Godwin-Austen, Figured in Godwin-Austen (1874), NHMUK 1903.7.1.766/9 (2 lacked, 7 had a long lower plica); Mairang, Khasi, NHMUK 1906.1.1.750/1; no locality, NHMUK 20150153/66 (19 shells had a long lower plica, 43 shells lacked, 4 corroded/dirty shells were not examined); Digny, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150154/1 (with long lower plica); Shillong, Khasi, "animal dissected", NHMUK 1903.7.1.773/1 (with long lower plica); Teria Ghat, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150155/1 (with long lower plica); Toruputu Pk., Dafla Hills, NHMUK 1903.07.01.769/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella minor ); no locality, NHMUK 1871.9.23.68/4 (1 with, 3 without a long lower plica). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell very small, sinistral with relatively wide umbilicus, reticulated, almost flat spire (only the apex is elevated) and smooth umbilical side; callus weak, only very slight whitish lime layer is visible; palatal plicae straight, divided or not, lamella with short upper and lower plicae and two posterior denticles, one above and one below; the lower plica might be long (see under Additional material examined).</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p> (in mm): D: 5.5-8.2.2, H: 2.7-4.2 (n = 13, shells from different samples); the holotype of  Plectopylis gregorsoni is 7.5  × 3.7 mm. </p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus has more depressed shells than  Endothyrella blanda . Moreover,  Endothyrella macromphalus shells are smooth on the ventral side, whereas most  blanda shells have hairs, or in case of corroded  Endothyrella blanda specimens, holes which indicate the  hairs’ positions.  Endothyrella dolakhaensis sp. n. is hairy, has weaker sculpture, and its spire is more elevated than in  Endothyrella macromphalus .  Endothyrella robustistriata sp. n. is smaller, has a narrower umbilicus and stronger dorsal sculpture. See also under  Endothyrella williamsoni and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella macromphalus seems to have a wide range including Assam and the Dafla and Khasi Hills. It has been reported from the Naga Hills, but those samples are probably misidentified.  Plectopylis gregorsoni (treated here as a synonym of  Endothyrella macromphalus ) is recorded from the type locality only (approximately: 28°13.4'N, 95°13.3'E) (Figure 11). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The type specimen of  Plectopylis gregorsoni is very similar to typical  Endothyrella macromphalus specimens. The main difference is that the palatal plicae are not divided  in gregorsoni , and the base is less glossy (rather weakly ribbed). In our view these minor difference are not sufficient for species level distinction, especially because  Endothyrella macromphalus is a relatively variable species inhabiting wide geographical range. Very little is known about the distribution of specimens having divided or undivided palatal plicae. Therefore, until more information becomes available,  Plectopylis gregorsoni is synonymised with  Endothyrella macromphalus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/45D3205AF1D6987DA9745E9261E627BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
861E6CEDCC0A9ED2DDEB57621F0D8D0D.text	861E6CEDCC0A9ED2DDEB57621F0D8D0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella minor (Godwin-Austen 1879) Godwin-Austen 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor (Godwin-Austen, 1879) Figure 23  E–F</p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor 1870  Helix (Plectopylis) macromphalus var. minor , - W. Blanford, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 39 (2): 18. (no formal description presented) ["in valle Rungnu prope Darjiling in Sikkim"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor 1879b  Helix (Plectopylis) minor Godwin-Austen: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (4): 164. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor 1895  Helix (Plectopylis) minor , - Godwin-Austen: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 64: 154, Plate 7, figs 3, 3a. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor 1897c  Plectopylis minor , - Gude: Science gossip, 4: 11, figs 47  a–k . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) minor , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) minor , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 177. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) minor (partim), - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 73, 75-77, figs 27  a–l . ["Sikkim: Darjeeling", "Rungun Valley", "India: Naga Hills", "Laisen Peak, Munipur" (this is the locality of  Endothyrella robustistriata sp. n.)]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor 2015  Endothyrella minor , - Budha et al., ZooKeys, 492: 18-19. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Darjiling, leg. Stoliczka, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.07.01.768/10 syntypes. See also remarks.</p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> Nepal, Lalitpur, Phulchowki Hill, 2308 m, 27.574557°N, 85.400842°E, leg. Budha, P., 04.05.2007., 21 shells (Figure 23F); Nepal, Kathmandu, Chisapani, Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, 2361 m, 27.804855°N, 85.436468°E, leg. Budha, P., 11.06.2007., 5 shells; Nepal, Golphubhanjyan, Langtang National Park, Rasuwa, 3340 m, 27.873931°N, 85.757744°E, leg. Budha, P., 10.06.2007., 1 shell; Nepal, Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Deurali, Baghdwar, 2386 m, 27.798318°N, 85.385448°E, leg. Budha, P., 25.04.2008., 1 shell; Nepal, Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Shivapuri Peak, 2707 m, 27.810987°N, 85.383763°E, leg. Budha, P., 24.04.2008., 1 shell; India, Darjiling, leg. Stoliczka, coll. Oberwimmer, NHMW 71640/O/6881 (4 shells); Darjeeling, coll. Rolle, NHMW 71770/R/11 (3 shells); Darjiling, coll. Dr. Stoliczka, 1880, NHMW 91587/20; Darjeeling, coll.  Möllendorff , SMF 150112/2; Darjeeling, coll. Webb, SMF 150111/2; Khasi Hills, NHMUK 20150159/3; Sikhim, Rarhichu, NHMUK 20150158/6 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella blanda ); India, Darjeeling, coll. Oldham, NHMUK 20150160/5; India, 1879.12.26.172-177/5; Sikhim, NHMUK 1906.2.2.361/3; Darjeeling, NHMUK 20150161/1 (there is a number  “751” on the bottom); Sikkim, NHMUK 1888.12.4.1525(?) (1 specimen); Darjeeling, under stones, 7000', coll. Everest Expedition 9 and 18.03.1924, NHMUK 20150162/5; Khasi Berge, SMF 345110/3 (ex  Endothyrella macromphalus , SMF 150102); Toruputu Pk., Dafla Hills, NHMUK 1903.07.01.769/4 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella macromphalus ); Darjiling, coll. Hungerford ex coll. Nevill, NHMUK 1891.3.17.358-359 (Figure 23E). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell tiny, sinistral, with relatively narrow umbilicus, flat dorsal surface and four rows of hairs; callus strong; palatal plicae divided; lamella straight or slightly curved, with two denticles posteriorly, one above and one below; lower plica can be short and in some specimens reaching the peristome.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 4.9-5.3, H: 2.4-2.6 (n = 3, type series); D: 5-5.1, H: 2.4 (n = 3, SMF 345110); D: 4-5, H: 2-2.5, Wh: 5-5.5 (n = 12, Nepalese specimens).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella minor is smaller and has weaker keeled body whorl than  Endothyrella angulata sp. n. Moreover, the first and second rows of the periostracal folds are comparatively at larger distance from each other in  Endothyrella minor than in  Endothyrella angulata sp. n.  Endothyrella blanda has more elevated spire and more hair rows than  Endothyrella minor .  Endothyrella robustistriata sp. n. has more elevate spire than  Endothyrella minor and lacks the hairs on its ventral surface.  Endothyrella macromphalus is hairless and larger than  Endothyrella minor , it has a comparatively larger protoconch and a lower (or missing) parietal callus.  Endothyrella minor is smaller and flatter than  Endothyrella dolakhaensis sp. n. Moreover, it has a more elevated parietal callus, and has only four rows of hairs (  Endothyrella dolakhaensis sp. n. has five). See also under  Endothyrella williamsoni and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Originally the species was recorded from Darjeeling, Sikkim area. Very similar specimens were found from Central Nepal in the surroundings of Kathmandu (Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park and Phulchowki hill) and Langtang National Park. Some literature records (Laisen Peak, Naga Hills) are based on misidentified specimens (see Figure 11 and 15).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> W. Blanford (1870) described  Helix (Plectopylis) macromphalus , and while giving information on its locality, he mentioned that "varietas minor" inhabits the Rungun valley near Darjeeling. No description or illustration of "varietas minor" was provided in the paper, therefore the name is not available. Later, Godwin-Austen (1879b) described  Helix (Plectopylis) minor from "Darjiling hills" and mentioned those shell "no doubt are referable to  Plectopylis macromphalus W. Blf., var. minor ".  Blanford’s specimens labelled as  macromphalus minor have not been found in the collection of the NHM, but the type sample examined and described by Godwin-Austen (NHMUK 1903.07.01.768) was found. </p>
            <p> Recent fieldwork in Nepal yielded a few populations in the surroundings of Kathmandu which can be assigned to  Endothyrella minor .  “Typical” specimens of  Endothyrella minor and Nepalese shells are very similar in terms of size, shell and aperture shape and the morphology of the plicae and lamellae. The only notable difference between these shells is the position of the hair rows on the body whorl. The first row is situated more upper in position (on the upper angle of the body whorl) in the Nepalese shells, whereas in typical shells the first row runs under the angle. Additionally, the distance between the third and fourth rows is smaller in the Nepalese populations. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/861E6CEDCC0A9ED2DDEB57621F0D8D0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
21E4899DEF2F3CEF59EC0773832C7920.text	21E4899DEF2F3CEF59EC0773832C7920.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella miriensis (Gude 1915) Gude 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae </p>
            <p> Endothyrella miriensis (Gude, 1915) Figure 12C </p>
            <p> Endothyrella
miriensis
 1915  Plectopylis (Endothyra) miriensis Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 507-508, Plate 41, figs 3  a–d . ["Miri Hills, Upper Assam"]. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Miri Hills, leg. C.F.G. Oakes, R.E., NHMUK 1903.7.1.3205. (4 syntypes, Figure 12C)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small, sinistral, with very slightly elevated spire, relatively wide umbilicus, and conspicuous spiral sculpture; callus moderately strong, palatal plicae slightly oblique, connected by a vertical ridge; lamella almost straight, with anteriorly elongated upper and lower ends and small denticles on the posterior side, one above and one below.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 12.1-12.3, H: 5.3-5.4 (n = 2, type series).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The unique spiral sculpture, which is very prominent on the ventral side as well, distinguishes  Endothyrella miriensis from all congeners. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The species is known from the type locality only (Figure 10).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/21E4899DEF2F3CEF59EC0773832C7920	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
4B2E75C0ED954B5635182B0FD969AC6D.text	4B2E75C0ED954B5635182B0FD969AC6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella nepalica Budha & Pall-Gergely	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> 
Endothyrella nepalica Budha &amp; 
Pall-Gergely sp. n. Figures 6E, 8  A–C , 9  C–F , 24  A–C , 25 </p>
            <p> Endothyrella nepalica 2015  Endothyrella affinis , - Budha et al., ZooKeys, 492: 18. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Champadevi, Kirtipur, Kathmandu District, 1326-1500 m, 27.654868°N, 85.244084°E, leg. Budha, P., 02.10.2010., holotype (CDZMTU005.1), paratypes CDZMTU005.2-16 (15 shells), CDZMTU005P (2 paratypes = specimens dissected and preserved, 3 dry shells = paratypes, 2 juvenile shells = not paratype); W-Nepal, Dhaulagiri Zone, Myagdi District, Annapurna Conservation Area, right side of Kali Gandaki valley, 300 m NNW of Suke Bagar village along  “Tatopani-Dana” track, 1430 m alt., 14.05.1996., leg. A. Kuznetsov, WM/10 paratypes; Nepal, Kathmandu Valley, NW end of Kathmandu, middle part of S slope of Swoyambhunath Hill, in dry oak forest, 1500 m, 25.04.1995, leg A. Kuznetsov, WM/4 sinistral and 1 dextral paratypes; W Nepal, Daulagiri zone, Hyagdi distr., Annapurna NP., right side of Kali Gandaki v., NNW od Suke Bagar, Tatop, leg. A. Kuznetsov, 14.05.1996., ex coll. W. Maassen, HNHM 95867/1 paratype (labelled as paratype of "  Plectopylis nepalensis Schileyko and Kuznetsov"); Nepal, Swoyambhunath, Kathmandu District, 1366 m, 27.716971N, 85.289386 E, leg. Budha, P., 05.09.2008, CDZMTU006 (24 paratypes = shells); Siddha Cave, Tanahun District, 600 m, 27.94718°N, 84.421338°E, leg. Budha, P., 24.10.2008, CDZMTU004, CDZMTU007 (11 paratypes = shells, and one juvenile shell, which is not paratype) (Figs 6E, 24A); Dhunche, Rasuwa, 1985 m, 28.1092°N, 85.2916°E, leg. Budha, P., 31.05.2007., CDZMTU008 (2 shell = paratypes, and one damaged shell which is not paratype); Balaju, Kathmandu District, 1356 m, 27.741173°N, 85.293763°E, leg. Budha, P., 04.01.2009., CDZMTU009 (8 paratypes = shells), CDZMTU009P (2 paratypes = specimens preserved, 4 dry shells = paratypes); Mahadevsthan, Thankot, Kathmandu District 1500 m, 27.683366°N, 85.213834°E, leg. Budha, P., 06.02.2007., CDZMTU010 (25 paratypes = shells), CDZMTU010P 2 paratypes = specimens preserved, 4 dry shells = paratype, 5 juvenile shells = not paratypes); Arjewa, Baglung, 900 m, 28.154393°N, 83.630703°E, leg. Budha, P., 13.09.2006., CDZMTU011 (14 paratypes = shells, one juvenile shells = not paratype); Majhbeni, Parbat, 700 m, 28.205708°N, 83.674605°E, leg. Budha, P., 13.09.2006., CDZMTU012 (9 paratypes = shells, 6 juvenile/damaged shells = not paratypes); Sirsuwa, Parbat District, 780 m, 28.136478°N, 83.642135°E, leg. Budha, P., 13.09.2006., CDZMTU013 (6 paratypes = shells); Foksing, Parbat District, 790 m, 28.093252°N, 83.604283°E, leg. Budha, P., 11.06.2006., CDZMTU014 (11 paratypes = shells, 2 juvenile shells 7 not paratypes); Godawari, Lalitpur, 1868 m, 27.94718°N, 84.421338°E, leg. Budha, P., 01.10.2008., CDZMTU015a (1 paratype); Annapurna Conservation Area, Tatopani, 1282 m, 28.495172°N, 83.628883°E, leg. Budha, P., 01.10.2008., CDZMTU016 2 (2 paratypes = shells); Godawari, Lalitpur, 1575 m, 27.596459°N, 85.389432°E, leg. Budha, P., 30.06.2007., CDZMTU015b (1 paratype = shell); Ridi, Gulmi, 832 m, 27.945621°N, 83.43215°E, leg. Budha, P., 30.06.2007., CDZMTU017 (5 paratypes = shells); Godawari Botanical Garden, Lalitpur, 1453 m, 27.596671°N, 85.381758°E, leg. Budha, P., 03.09.2008., CDZMTU015c (50 paratypes = shells); Nepal, Pokhara, Khare, 1520 m alt., 28.2860°N, 83.8472°E, leg. C. Huber, 18.03.1991, NMBE 527538/1 paratype (Figure 24C). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>A small to middle-sized, hairless species with domed dorsal surface and rounded body whorl; parietal lamella simple with one or two denticles posteriorly and sometimes a plica below the lamella, middle palatal plicae divided or almost divided.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell very small to small, sinistral, with somewhat elevated spire and domed dorsal surface; protoconch slightly elevates from the dorsal surface; usually brownish but sometimes turns into yellowish; protoconch consists of 1.5-1.75 whorls, very finely, regularly ribbed; teleoconch with very weak, irregular growth lines on the ventral surface and fine reticulated sculpture on the dorsal surface; in high magnification the surface is covered by flat periostracal folds; no spirally arranged large deciduous folds found; whorls 5.5-6.25, moderately bulging, separated by relatively deep suture; umbilicus wide and deep, whorls almost flat inside, resulting in an funnel-like shape, apertural lip whitish, rather thin, slightly reflexed; callus inconspicuous, but present, slightly S-shaped; no fold in the aperture.</p>
            <p> Ten specimens were opened from different populations. Parietal wall with one slightly curved lamella with arms pointing in the direction of the aperture; lower end on the lamella more conspicuously curved than the upper end; two small denticles above and below posteriorly of the lamella (exceptionally, the lower one is missing); in some populations (e.g. Majhbeni - Parbat District, Champadevi - Kathmandu District and Siddha Cave - Tanahu District) with short plica under the lamella; palatal wall with six plicae; first slim and short, parallel with the suture; second plica is the longest, it shows a tendency towards dividing in the middle, but the two parts always fused; third, fourth and fifth plicae usually divided (third one sometimes not); last plica short, slightly curved with arms pointing in the direction of the lower suture (Figures 9  C–F ). </p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 8.2-14.9, H: 4.0-6.0, Wh: 5.5-7.5 (n = 35, different populations).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. is usually larger than  Endothyrella angulata sp. n., it has a domed dorsal surface, rounded body whorl and lacks hairs standing in spiral rows, whereas  Endothyrella angulata sp. n. has a flat dorsal surface, shouldered body whorl and has hairs which are arranged in spiral rows.  Endothyrella dolakhaensis sp. n. differs from  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. by the usually smaller size, fewer whorls, stronger sculpture, comparatively larger protoconch, conical dorsal surface, slightly angulated body whorl and the presence of hairs standing in five spiral lines. For comparison with  Endothyrella oakesi and  Endothyrella pinacis , see under those species. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Description of the genitalia</p>
            <p> (Figures 25  A–C ): Three specimens from three populations were anatomically examined (Champadevi, Balaju of Kathmandu District and Godawari Botanical Garden, Lalitpur District). Penis short, narrow distally and slowly tapers toward the proximal end; internal surface with several tubercles including minute calcareous hooks; epiphallus slender, cylindrical, longer than the penis, it enters penis laterally; penial caecum very short, blunt, cylindrical, with a short retractor muscle attached at its proximal end; vas deferens thin and nearly 1.5 times longer than epiphallus, convoluted before connection to prostate; vagina shorter than the penis with well-developed vaginal bulb; gametolytic sac very thin throughout and ends into a small rounded sac; there is a slender diverticulum running parallel with the gametolytic sac; it is as long as the gametolytic sac. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The name  nepalica refers to the country (Nepal) where the new species lives. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Champadevi, Kirtipur, Kathmandu District, Nepal, 1326-1500 m, 27.654868°N, 85.244084°E.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. inhabits a relatively large area in western and central Nepal (Figure 15). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Schileyko (1999) figured a shell from the "SW slope of Swayambhunat (= Swoyambhunath) hill, Kathmandu valley, Nepal" (Fig. 594.). The figured specimen is probably  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n., but the drawing is not sufficient for identification. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B2E75C0ED954B5635182B0FD969AC6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
50473E25238B3A1651005CF937B7FE69.text	50473E25238B3A1651005CF937B7FE69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella oakesi (Gude 1915) Gude 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella oakesi (Gude, 1915) Figure 16A </p>
            <p> Endothyrella
oakesi
 1915  Plectopylis (Endothyra) oakesi Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 505-506, Plate 41, Figs 1  a–d . ["Yamne Valley, Abor Hills and Sibbum", "between Riu and Singging, on the Dihang River"]. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Yamne Valley, Abor Hills, leg. C.F.G. Oakes, R.E., NHMUK 1903.7.1.3125 (5 syntypes, Figure 16A).</p>
            <p> Additional material examined. </p>
            <p>Sibbum, Abor, NHMUK, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150157/1; Abor Hills, "exact position not known", below alt. 3000' between lat. 28°15'+29°15', long. 94°50'+95°10', leg. Oakes, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.3125/1.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell small, sinistral, with wide umbilicus, and slightly domed dorsal surface; callus strong, palatal plicae complicated, their anterior part is horizontal, but the posterior part vertical; there are several short horizontal plicae between posterior parts of the palatal plicae; lamella almost straight with posteriorly elongated upper end, and sometimes with a long lower plica which reaches the aperture.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 11.7-12.5, H: 4.7-5.5 (n = 3, type series).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. also has simpler palatal plicae than those of  Endothyrella oakesi . Moreover,  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. has a flatter shell and a less descending aperture. See also under  Endothyrella pinacis and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>This species was reported only from the localities mentioned in the original description (Yamne Valley, Abor Hills and Sibbum", "between Riu and Singging, on the Dihang River") (Figure 10).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Three specimens (two adults and a juvenile) of the type lot of  Endothyrella oakesi were opened (probably by Gude). The long lower parietal plica, described as characteristic feature of this species, is present only in one specimen. In face of this,  Endothyrella oakesi seems to be a distinct species on the basis of the palatal plicae and shell shape. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/50473E25238B3A1651005CF937B7FE69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
4ED3045CF22BC8F0EA466E390CBCB5C2.text	4ED3045CF22BC8F0EA466E390CBCB5C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella pinacis (Benson 1859) Benson 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis (Benson, 1859) Figures 24  D–F</p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1859  Helix pinacis Benson: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3 (3): 268-269. ["Habitat raro in regione Sikkim in valle Rungun (4000 ped.), necnon prope Pankabari (1000 ped. alt.)"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1860  Helix (Plectopylis) pinacis , - Benson: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3 (5): 243-247. ["Darjiling and the Khasia Hills"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1868  Helix pinacis , - Pfeiffer: Monographia Heliceorum Viventium  … , 5: 417. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1868  Helix (Corilla) pettos Martens: Malakozoologische  Blätter , 15: 158. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1869  Helix pettos , - Pfeiffer: Novitates conchologicae  … : 462-463. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1872  Helix pinacis , - Hanley &amp; Theobald: Conchologia Indica  … : 7, 36, Plate 13, fig. 5, Plate 84, figs 1-4. ["Sikkim (Rungun, and near Pankabari)"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1875  Plectopylis pettos , - Godwin-Austen: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 612. [  “Himalaya?” ]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1875  Helix (Plectopylis) pinacis , - Godwin-Austen: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 612, 613, plate 74, fig. 1. (1874, part IV, published in 1875; see Duncan 1937). </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1878  Helix (Plectopylis) pinacis , - Nevill: Hand list of  Mollusca in the Indian Museum  … : 71. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1879b  Helix (Plectopylis) pinacis , - Godwin-Austen: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (4): 163. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1887  Helix (Atopa) pettos , - Tryon: Manual of Conchology  … , 2 (3): 156, Plate 34, figs 36-38. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1887  Helix (Plectopylis) pinacis , - Tryon: Manual of Conchology  …2(3)159– 160, Plate 34, figs 53-55. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1894  Plectopylis pinacis , - Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology..., 2 (9): 144, 146. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1894  Plectopylis pettos , - Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology..., 2 (9): 146. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1895  Plectopylis pinacis , - Godwin-Austen: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 64: 154, Plate 7, figs 2, 2a. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1897a  Plectopylis pinacis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 3: 206, figs 32  a–d . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1897a  Helix (Corilla) pettos =  Plectopylis pinacis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 3: 206. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) pinacis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 147, 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) pettos (under  pinacis ), - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) pinacis , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 177. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1899d  pettos , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 177. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1907  Plectopylis pinacis , - Godwin-Austen: Land and freshwater  Mollusca of India  … : 203-204. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) pinacis , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … , 72, 86-87, figs 35  a–d . ["Sikkim: Darjeeling", "Rungun, Pankabari",  “Rungmaval” ,  “Damsang” ]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) pinacis , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 72, 86. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella pinacis 1915  Plectopylis (Endothyra) pinacis , - Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 506, 508. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> Sikkim, coll. Benson, UMZC 102755 (holotype of  Helix pinacis , Figure 24D); Himalaya, ZMB/MOLL 17905 (holotype of  Helix pettos , Figure 24E). </p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> India, West Bengal, Darjeeling District, Lopchu + Ghum, coll.  Topál , 21-22.04.1967, locality code: 869, HNHM 98848/2; Darjiling, coll. Dr. Stoliczka, 1880, NHMW 92590/7; Sikkim, coll.  Möllendorff , SMF 150110/6 (3 of them juvenile); Darjeeling, coll. Bosch, ex coll. Rolle, SMF 172075/2; Darjiling, figured in Godwin-Austen (1874), coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.746/5; Darjiling, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1860.6.27.14 (1 specimen); Kungna valy. (?) Sikm., NHMUK 20150163/2; Darjiling, NHMUK 1906.2.2.143/2 (Figure 24F); Damsang Peak, Daling Hills, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150164/26 (several of the juvenile); Sikkim, Rarhichu, NHMUK 20150165/5; Rechila Peak, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK20150167/1; Darjiling, NHMUK 1888.12.4.1524/1; Darjeeling, 5000', coll. Everest Expedition 1924, NHMUK 20150168/1; Rarkichu, Sikkim, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150166/1. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell very small to small, sinistral, hairless, with wide umbilicus and slightly angulated body whorl; callus strong, palatal plicae short and oblique, lamella rather straight with anteriorly elongated upper and lower ends, and posteriorly elongated upper end; there are two denticles on the posterior side of the lamella, one above and one below, the lower one might be in contact with the lamella.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 13.6-14.1, H: 5.9-6.1 (n = 3, SMF 150110).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella angulata sp. n. is usually smaller than  Endothyrella pinacis , it has a stronger keel and has weaker spiral lines on the ventral side of the shell, which are clearly visible in  Endothyrella pinacis . The most similar species is  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n., which nevertheless has a higher spire and rounded whorls, whereas  Endothyrella pinacis has shouldered whorls and nearly flat dorsal surface. The ventral surface of the two species is similar, but  Endothyrella pinacis has slender hairs standing in 3 lines, which is missing in  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. According to previous studies (Godwin-Austen 1889-1914, Schileyko 1999)  Endothyrella pinacis has no diverticulum, but in all  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. we dissected that organ was present.  Endothyrella oakesi is similar to  Endothyrella pinacis , but has much more complicated palatal plicae, more descending aperture, differently shaped umbilicus and rounded body whorl. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p> Anatomy . </p>
            <p> The anatomy of  Endothyrella pinacis was described by Godwin-Austen (1889-1914) and Schileyko (1999). According to these descriptions, only the gametolytic sac is present and the diverticulum is missing. The penial caecum seems to be missing, although none of these drawings show this part clearly. Other features of the genitalia (penis shape, internal wall of the penis, vagina) are similar to those of  Endothyrella nepalica sp. n. </p>
            <p>Radula.</p>
            <p> Stoliczka (1871) mentioned that the central tooth is larger than that of  Plectopylis achatina (=  bensoni ), and that its shape is similar to that of the laterals. Godwin-Austen (1889-1914) gave an accurate description and drawings of the teeth. According to his drawings the morphology of the teeth of  Endothyrella pinacis is typical for the genus  Endothyrella , i.e. the central tooth is larger than the ectocones of the first laterals, and the marginals are tricuspid with deep incisions between the two innermost cusps. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> All museum samples examined were collected from Sikkim.  Benson’s (1860) locality in the Khasi Hills is probably incorrect (Figure 11). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4ED3045CF22BC8F0EA466E390CBCB5C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
9991BEC4035105F87458E370E3B3727C.text	9991BEC4035105F87458E370E3B3727C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella plectostoma (Benson 1836) Benson 1836	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma (Benson, 1836) Figures 6D, 13  A–B , 19  E–F , 20  D–E , 22A, 22  D–F , 26 </p>
            <p> Endothyrella
plectostoma
 1836  Helix (Helicodonta) plectostoma Benson: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 5: 351. [not specified. "North-East Frontier of Bengal" (in the title)]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1848  Helix plectostoma , - Pfeiffer, Martini &amp; Chemnitz, 1(12): 367, Plate 64, figs 19-21. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1854  Helix plectostoma , - Reeve: Conchologia Iconica 7, species 782. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1860  Helix plectostoma , - Benson: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3 (5): 247. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1865  Helix plectostoma , - W. Blanford: Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 34 (2): 94. ["...the Himalayan and Khasi  Helix plectostoma , Bens. abounded south of the town of Bassein in several places, Pyema Khyoung, Long Island, &amp;c. It was also found by Captain Ingram in Arakan, near Tongoop."]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1872  Helix (Plectopylis) plectostoma , - Hanley &amp; Theobald: Conchologia Indica  … : 7, Plate 13, fig. 2. ["Darjiling and Khasia Hills"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1875  Plectopylis plectostoma , - Godwin-Austen: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 612-613, Plate 73, figs 2-2a. (1874, part IV, published in 1875; see Duncan 1937). </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1878  Helix (Plectopylis) plectostoma , - Nevill: Hand list of  Mollusca in the Indian Museum  … : 1: 71. [  “Nágá Hills", "Bassein, &amp;c., Pegu",  “Sylhet” , "Arakan Hills", "Khasi Hills",  “Darjeeling” ]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1887  Helix (Plectopylis) plectostoma , - Tryon: Manual of Conchology  … , 2 (3): 160-161, Plate 34, figs 69-70. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1894  Plectopylis plectostoma , - Pilsbry: Manual of Conchology..., 2 (9): 146. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1897b  Plectopylis plectostoma , - Gude: Science Gossip, 3: 274-275, figs 39  a– 7c. [  “Darjeeling” , "Burma- Bassein and Arakan; Assam - Sylhet, Khasia and Naga Hills", "Dafla Hills in Assam"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) plectostoma , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148, 149. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) plectostoma , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 177. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) plectostoma , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 72, 73, 75, 81-83, figs 31  a–c . ["Naga Hills", "Dafla Hills, Khasi Hills", "Burma: Arakan Hills",  “Tongoop” , "Bassein: Pegu",  “Sylhet” , "Sikkim: Darjeeling"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1922  Plectopylis (Endothyra) plectostoma , - Ehrmann: Sitzungsberichte der Naturforschender Gesellschaft zu Leipzig, 45-48: 8-10. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma 1960  Plectopylis (Endothyrella) plectostoma , - Zilch: Handbuch der  Paläozoologie , 6 (2): fig. 2092. </p>
            <p>Types:.</p>
            <p> Darjeeling, coll. MacAndrew ex coll. Benson, UMZC 102160 (7 syntypes of  plectostoma ); Darjeeling, coll. MacAndrew ex coll. Benson, UMZC 102155 (1 syntype of  plectostoma , Figure 13A); Bengal, coll. MacAndrew ex coll. Benson, UMZC 102156 (3 syntypes of  plectostoma ). </p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> Indien, Khasi Hills, ex coll. Oberwimmer, NHMSB 122805-122810/5; India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, Altonaer Museum, ZMH 45909/4; Assam, coll. Steenberg, ZMUC-GAS-1812/2; Naraindher, Cachar, Ede, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.1666/15 (several of them are juveniles); Darjiling, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1860.6.27.10/2; India, NHMUK 20150169/1; Teria Ghat, NHMUK 1888.12.4.1536-1540/5; Pegu, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1909.3.15.92/7; Naga Hills, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.760/3; Pegu, Arakan, NHMUK 1903.7.1.758/3; Arakan, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1909.3.15.60/3; Assam, Khasi Hills, coll. Salisbury ex coll. Beddome, NHMUK20150170/3; Lhota Naga, coll. Chennell, NHMUK 1903.7.1.759/10; Saddia, E Assam, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.761/8; Picholanulla, Durrang, Assam, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.763/1; Khasi Hills, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1906.2.2.356.1-3 (3 shells; mixed sample with  Endothyrella sowerbyi : 1906.2.2.356.4); Arakan, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1906.2.2.355/4; India, NHMUK 20150171 (6 specimens); Darjiling, NHMUK 1906.2.2.142/1 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella blanda ); Shiroifurar, Lahupa Naga, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.6.1.762/1; India, NHMUK 71.9.23.206/3; no data, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 20150172/2; Munipur valley, Bishenpur, west side, NHMUK 20150173/25 (several of them are juvenile shells); N. Cachar, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150174/2; Teria Ghat, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150175/1; Cherra, Khasi Hills, Assam, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150176/25; Dunsiri valley, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150177/4; Khasi Hills, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150178/68; Garo Hills, NHMUK leg. W. Robert, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150179/27; Burma, Bassein, coll. Benson 1863, NHMUK 1954.6.2.287/1; Khasi Hills, NHMUK 20150180/1 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella tricarinata : NHMUK 20150181); Khasi Hills, NHMUK 20150182/3; Burroi Gorge, NHMUK 20150183/2; label not readable, NHMUK 20150185/7; Burrali, NHMUK 20150186/10; Khasi Hills, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150187/65; Khasi Hills, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 20150188/3; W. Khasi Hills, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150189/1; N. Khasi, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 20150190 (more  than 100 shells); Khasi Hills, coll. Kennard, NHMUK/20150195/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella tricarinata ); Manipur, station 36, Godwin Austen Collection. NHMUK 20150191/87; Manipur, station 48, Godwin Austen Collection. NHMUK 20150192/58; Manipur, station 54, Godwin Austen Collection. NHMUK 20150193/119; Manipur, station 54, Godwin Austen Collection. NHMUK 20150194/89; Indien, leg. Stoliczka, coll. Oberwimmer, NHMW 71640/O/415 (2 shells; mixed sample with  Endothyrella sowerbyi : NHMW 109252); Khasi Hills, leg. Stoliczka, 1870, NHMW 92588/3; Viaggio in Birmania (= trip to Burma), Shweego, coll. Fea, 1885-1889, NHMW 20034/4; Shwegoo, Birmania, leg. Mission L. Fea 1885-1889, MNHN 2012-27053/3; Khasi Hills, Himalaya, India, coll.  Rušnov ex coll. Blume, NHMW 71770/R/13 (2 adult, 1 juv. shells); Ostindien,  Pegu , leg. Stoliczka, coll. Edlauer, 477, NHMW 75000/E/4770 (1 shell; mixed sample with  Endothyrella sowerbyi : NHMW 109253); Darjeeling, Himalaya, India, coll.  Rušnov ex coll. Blume, NHMW 71770/R/14 (1 adult, 1 juv. shells; mixed sample with  Endothyrella sowerbyi : NHMW 71770/R/15); Ostind., coll. Gerstenbrandt, NHMW 83901/G/2745 (2 shells); Pegu, ex coll. Hauer, NHMW 21617/4; Assam, coll. Landauer, NHMW 92594/2; Khasi Hills, Pegu (2 different label were found in the sample), coll. Stoliczka, NHMW 92591/41 (one of them is probably a juvenile  Endothyrella tricarinata ); Khasi, leg. Stoliczka, 1880, NHMW 92592/7; Khasi Hills, leg. Stoliczka, 1880, NHMW 92593/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella sowerbyi : NHMW 109254 and  Endothyrella blanda : NHMW 109255); East India, leg. Bernardi, Altonaer Museum, coll. O. Semper, ZMH 45908/1; Siam, Altonaer Museum, ZMH 45910/2; Birma, Moulmein, Hinterindien, coll.  Krüper 1928, ex coll. Oberwimmer, SMF 118090/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella sowerbyi : SMF 346406); Darjeeling, Himalaya, coll. Jetschin ex coll. Oberwimmer 1899, SMF 118088/1 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella sowerbyi : SMF 346407); Khasi Hills, coll. Bosch, ex coll. Rolle, SMF 172072/1 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella sowerbyi : SMF 346408); S-Shan Staaten, Ywathit, Prov. Karenni, a. mittleren Salwen, leg. Michelitz, SMF 150108/3; Indien, coll. Jetschin ex coll. Oberwimmer 1899, SMF 118089/2; Indien, Darjeeling, (alte Schau-sammlung), coll. Kobelt, SMF 150109/2; Khasi-Berge, coll. C. R. Boettger 1904, SMF 118091/1 (Fig. 13B); Assam, coll. Bosch, ex coll. Rolle, SMF 172071/4; Indien, Khasi-Hills, coll. Webb 1928, SMF 150086/2; Indien, Katschar, coll.  Möllendorff , Orig. Handb. Pal. Fig. 2092; SMF 150106/4; Goramarah (Ghoramara), Chittagong, coll. Foulon 1936, MNHN 2012-27045/2; no locality, coll. Jousseaume, MNHN 2012-27050/3; no locality, coll. Jousseaume, MNHN 2012-27049/50. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>A very small, sinistral species with very narrow umbilicus, conical dorsal surface, and hairs standing in five rows on the body whorl; palatal plicae more or less straight, the 4th and 5th divided; lamella slightly curved, with short lower and long upper elongation in anterior direction; there are two denticles posteriorly, one above and one below.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 8.1-9, H: 4.6-5.1 (n = 3, SMF 172072).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella plectostoma is similar to  Endothyrella affinis and  Endothyrella tricarinata in the narrow umbilicus. All other  Endothyrella species of similar size have wider umbilicus.  Endothyrella plectostoma is usually smaller, darker than  Endothyrella affinis , it has a horizontal, relatively long plica anterior to the lamella, and has the periostracal folds arranged on five spiral line. In contrast,  Endothyrella affinis lacks the horizontal parietal plica and has four hair rows. Moreover,  Endothyrella plectostoma has a narrower umbilicus and more elevated spire than  Endothyrella affinis . See also under  Endothyrella sowerbyi and  Endothyrella tricarinata and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Description of the genitalia</p>
            <p> (Figures 22A, 22  D–F , 26): Three specimens have been anatomically examined. Collection data: Sikhim, leg. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.451. All specimens had 5-6 embryos developing in their uterus. In one specimen no epiphallic differentiation was observed, the vas deferens started from the distal part of the penis (Fig. 22D). </p>
            <p> The left ommatophoral retractor passes between penis and vagina. Atrium short; penis relatively short, internally with holes of various sizes; some tiny, rounded calcareous crystals  were found in the penis lumen, not directly associated with the holes; this inner structure continued in the epiphallus; penial caecum short, with central thickening; retractor muscle short, it inserts on the proximal end of the penial caecum; epiphallus slightly longer than penis, it enters the proximal penial portion laterally; vas deferens long and slender; vagina approximately as long as the penis, but thicker, curved centrally; vagina with several thick and relatively long muscle fibres attaching it to the body wall and to the diaphragm, especially at its curved portion; vagina internally with longitudinal folds, which are rather sharp, elevated at the curved area of the vagina, and low elsewhere; the gametolytic sac and the diverticulum are aligned in parallel; the gametolytic sac is slightly thicker and shorter; a relatively long part of the spermoviduct was visible distal to the thickened uterus with the developing embryos; the embryo sac contained no visible calcareous granules, which were reported in other plectopylid species (  Páll-Gergely and Hunyadi 2013,  Páll-Gergely and Asami 2014); albumen gland conspicuously small. The latter trait is largely dependent on the period of the life cycle of the dissected specimen. In the present case, however, three specimens were anatomically examined and all specimens had a small albumen gland. </p>
            <p>Radula</p>
            <p> (Figure 19  E–F ): Radula elongated, but not very slender, central tooth present, laterals 8, standing in straight lines (perpendicular to the central column); marginals at least 14, staying in oblique rows; central tooth relatively narrow-based triangular, smaller than the endocone of the first lateral, but much larger than the ectocone; laterals bicuspid, endocone oval or narrow-based triangular; marginals tricuspid (the endocone has two cusps); all cusps pointed, the incision between the innermost two cusps is deep; in some cases the three cusps are almost of the same size. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> Museum samples are labelled from several locations. This species is probably widely distributed in north-eastern India through south-eastern Bangladesh to Bago, the Arakan Hills and in the Kayah State in Burma (Myanmar) (Figure 7). A sample (ZMH 45910) was collected in  “Siam” (= Thailand), which is possible because other samples were collected in Myanmar not far from the Thai Border. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The name "  prodigium Benson" probably refers to  Endothyrella plectostoma . It is a manuscript name, which was mentioned several times in the literature (Godwin-Austen 1875, Tryon 1887, Pilsbry 1894, Gude 1899c), but has never been published formally. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9991BEC4035105F87458E370E3B3727C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
A359476FE1D60161F620F719A765BC25.text	A359476FE1D60161F620F719A765BC25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella robustistriata Pall-Gergely	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> 
Endothyrella robustistriata 
Pall-Gergely sp. n. Figures 9  K–L , 23  C–D</p>
            <p> Endothyrella robustistriata 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) minor (partim), - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 76. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Munipur, Laisen Peak, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.3453/1 (holotype, Figure 23D); Naga Hills, Ihang valley, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.770/3 paratypes; Naga Hills, coll. Godwin-Austen, NHMUK 1903.7.1.767/3 paratypes (Figure 23C); Lhota Naga Hills, coll. Chennell, NHMUK 1903.7.1.765/4 paratypes.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>A tiny species with elevated spire, smooth ventral side and strongly reticulated dorsal surface; parietal wall with a single lamella, an upper and a lower denticle posteriorly, and a long lower plica which reaches the peristome.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell tiny, sinistral, with slightly elevated spire and conical/domed dorsal surface; colour light brown, greenish or yellowish; protoconch consists of approx. 2 whorls, glossy, in some populations (NHMUK 1903.7.1.767, NHMUK 1903.7.1.770, NHMUK 1903.7.1.3453) only the last half whorl has a somewhat ribbed surface, whereas in another population (NHMUK 1903.7.1.765) nearly the whole protoconch is ribbed; dorsal surface of the teleoconch with clearly visible reticulated sculpture dominated by spiral lines; ventral side hairless, smooth, glossy, sometimes with radial growth lines; the ventral and dorsal surface change relatively abruptly above the middle line of the body whorls (from apertural = frontal view); inside the umbilicus there are sharp periostracal folds corresponding with radial ribs; whorls 4.5-4.75 (n = 3), slowly growing, separated by relatively deep suture; umbilicus narrow and deep; apertural lip whitish, thickened, normally not reflexed, or reflexed only near the umbilicus; callus very weak, nearly invisible in case of fresh shells, in case of old, corroded shells it becomes white; aperture without entering fold.</p>
            <p> Two opened specimens were observed (NHMUK 1903.7.1.767 and NHMUK 1903.7.1.765). Parietal wall with one rather straight lamella which bends anteriorly; it has both the upper and lower ends elongated anteriorly; two small denticles visible at the posterior side of the lamella, one above and one below; lower plica very long, reaches the peristome; palatal wall with six plicae; first slim and short, the  second–fifth plicae horizontal; they do not seem to be divided if we observe through the translucent shell wall, but their middle portion (where the lamella is present on the parietal wall) is much lower; the posterior ends of the middle plicae slightly bent downwards, whereas the anterior parts are straight and horizontal; the last plica is short and slightly curved (Figure 9  K–L ). </p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 4.1-4.6, H: 2.3-3.5 (n = 2 NHMUK 1903.7.1.765).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella blanda is similar in shell shape to  Endothyrella robustistriata sp. n., but is larger, has hairy ventral surface (or if hairs are missing, than hollows are visible indicating the  hairs’ positions), and on its dorsal surface the radial lines are dominant. See also under  Endothyrella macromphalus and  Endothyrella williamsoni and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The word  robustistriata means strongly striated (Latin) which refers to the prominent spiral striae of the new species on the dorsal side of its shell. </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Munipur, Laisen Peak.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The new species is known only from the Naga Hills and Manipur (Figure 11).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A359476FE1D60161F620F719A765BC25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
8B89107AEC6D6B8253FF0640D5CD948E.text	8B89107AEC6D6B8253FF0640D5CD948E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella sowerbyi (Gude 1899) Gude 1899	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella sowerbyi (Gude, 1899) Figure 13  C–D</p>
            <p> Endothyrella
sowerbyi
 1899a  Plectopylis sowerbyi Gude: Science Gossip, 5: 239, figs 93  a–f . ["Khasi Hills: Assam"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella sowerbyi 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) sowerbyi , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148, 149. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella sowerbyi 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) sowerbyi , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 177. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella sowerbyi 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) sowerbyi , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 72, 80-81, figs 30  a–f . </p>
            <p> Endothyrella sowerbyi 1915  Plectopylis (Endothyra) sowerbyi , - Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 507, 509. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Khasia Hills, India, NHMUK 1922.8.29.48. (holotype, Figure 13C).</p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> Indien, leg. Stoliczka, coll. Oberwimmer, NHMW 109252/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : NHMW 71640/O/415); Ostindien, Pegu, leg. Stoliczka, coll. Edlauer, 477, NHMW 109253/7 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : NHMW 75000/E/4770); Darjeeling, Himalaya, India, coll.  Rušnov ex coll. Blume, NHMW 71770/R/15 (3 shells; mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : NHMW 71770/R/14); Khasi Hills, leg. Stoliczka, 1880, NHMW 109254 (approx. 70 shells; mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : NHMW 92593 and  Endothyrella blanda : NHMW 109255); Khasi Hills, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1906.2.2.356.4 (3 shells; mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : NHMUK 1906.2.2.356.1-3); Darjeeling, 3500', leg. Lister, NHMUK 1907.9.13.11-22/11; Birma, Moulmein, Hinterindien, coll.  Krüper 1928, ex coll. Oberwimmer, SMF 346406/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : SMF 118090); Khasi Hills, coll. Bosch, ex coll. Rolle, SMF 346408/5 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : SMF 172072) (Fig. 13D); Khasi Hills, coll. Jetschin, ex coll. Linter 1893, SMF 118087/1; Darjeeling, Himalaya, coll. Jetschin ex coll. Oberwimmer 1899, SMF 346407/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma : SMF 118088). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> A very small, sinistral species with narrow umbilicus (but wider than in the three similar species;  affinis ,  plectostoma ,  tricarinata ), rather domed dorsal surface, and hairs standing in five rows on the body whorl; the hairs are usually missing and the ventral side is with relatively strong radial lines; plication similar to  Endothyrella plectostoma , but the main anterior parietal plica is missing or weak. </p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 7.8-8.6, H: 4.3-5.0 (n = 3, SMF 346408).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella affinis is larger, has lighter shell with narrower umbilicus and a weaker sculpture.  Endothyrella sowerbyi has a wider umbilicus and a thinner peristome than  Endothyrella plectostoma . Moreover, the spire is lower and the dorsal side is rather domed in  Endothyrella sowerbyi (conical in  plectostoma ), and the main parietal plica is weaker or missing. See also under  Endothyrella tricarinata and Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Museum specimens are collected from the Khasi Hills, Darjeeling, and Burma.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> During the preparation of this revision,  Endothyrella sowerbyi was handled as the synonym of  Endothyrella plectostoma , because the only known specimen (the holo  type ) looked like a juvenile shell of  Endothyrella plectostoma . The first author recognized that  Endothyrella sowerbyi is a valid species in the Senckenberg Museum in August, 2015, because of several mixed samples deposited there. Thus, the  Endothyrella plectostoma /  sowerbyi sample of the SMF were identified and the  Endothyrella sowerbyi shells were separated by B.  Páll-Gergely . The  Endothyrella plectostoma samples in the NHM were checked by Jonathan Ablett, whereas those in the NHMW were examined by  Zoltán Fehér . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B89107AEC6D6B8253FF0640D5CD948E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
3C224AC5DF67EEBA6F7AAA0957020000.text	3C224AC5DF67EEBA6F7AAA0957020000.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella tricarinata (Gude 1897) Gude 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella tricarinata (Gude, 1897) Figure 13  E–F</p>
            <p> Endothyrella tricarinata 1897b  Plectopylis plectostoma var. tricarinata Gude: Science Gossip, 3: 275, figs 40  a–b . [  “Bengal” ]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella tricarinata 1897g  Plectopylis plectostoma var. tricarinata , - Gude: The Journal of Malacology, 6: 45, fig. 2. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella tricarinata 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) plectostoma var. tricarinata , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella tricarinata 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) plectostoma var. tricarinata , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 176, 177. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella tricarinata 1901  Plectopylis plectostoma var. exerta Gude new synonym: The Journal of Malacology, 8: 49, figs 5  a–d . ["Khasi Hills: Assam"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella tricarinata 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) plectostoma var. tricarinata , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 83, figs 32  a–b . [  “Bengal” , "Khasi Hills"]. </p>
            <p> Endothyrella tricarinata 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) plectostoma var. exerta , Gude, The Fauna of British India  … : 83-84, figs 33  a–d . </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p> Bengal, coll. MacAndrew ex coll. Benson, UMZC 102170 (2 syntypes of  Plectopylis plectostoma var. tricarinata , Figure 13E); Khasia Hills, ex Nissor (?), NHMUK 1922.8.29.50. (syntype of  Plectopylis plectostoma var. exerta , Figure 13F). </p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p> India, Khasia Hills, K4.30, coll. Rolle, NHMW 50854/2; Assam, Khasia Hills, coll. Bosch, ex coll. Rolle, SMF 172073/3; Assam, Cherrapoonjee, coll. Jetschin, ex coll. Gude 1900, (labelled as syntype, but it is probably not), SMF 118097/1; Assam, coll. Ehrmann ex coll.  Schlüter , SMF 150113/1; Khasi Hills, figured in Godwin-Austen (1874), NHMUK 1903.7.1.757 (note that in the original sample it is erroneously 759) (11 specimens under the name  affinis ); Khasi Hills, coll. W. Blanford, NHMUK 1906.1.1.743/2; Khasi Hills, India, Assam, NHMUK 1916.3.16.6-7/2; Khasi Hills, coll. Kennard, NHMUK 20150181/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma see NHMUK 20150180); Khasi Hills, NHMUK 20150196/2 (mixed sample with  Endothyrella plectostoma ); Khasi Hills, Assam,  ‘Preston’ , V.W. MacAndrew Collection (Acc. No.1563), NHMUK 20150197/3; Khasi Hills, Bengal, 'Rolle, C/R June 03', V.W. MacAndrew Collection (Acc. No.1563), NHMUK 20150198/2; Khasi Hills, India, 'Rolle, C/R 8/5/13', V.W. MacAndrew Collection (Acc. No.1563), NHMUK 20150199/2. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>A small, sinistral species with narrow umbilicus, conical dorsal surface with strong spiral lines, strongly, densely ribbed surface, and hairs standing in four rows on the body whorl; palatal plicae more or less straight, they are more or less divided; lamella slightly curved, with small denticles on the posterior side (they might fuse to the lamella), and a long upper plica on the anterior side of the lamella.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 10.1-10.4, H: 6.3-6.7 (n = 2, SMF 172073).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella affinis has less shouldered whorls, wider umbilicus, weaker sculpture and it lacks the long horizontal plica anterior to the lamella.  Endothyrella tricarinata differs from  Endothyrella plectostoma by the larger size, more conical dorsal surface, narrower umbilicus, the shouldered whorls, the presence of only four rows of hairs, and the stronger sculpture.  Endothyrella sowerbyi has much weaker dorsal sculpture and has wider umbilicus. See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>All museum samples were collected from the Khasi Hills and Assam (Figure 11).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Two varieties of  Plectopylis plectostoma have been described under the names  Plectopylis plectostoma var. tricarinata and  Plectopylis plectostoma var. exerta . Both of them differ from typical  Endothyrella plectostoma specimens by the more shouldered whorls, and the more conical dorsal side of the shell having stronger spiral lines. No difference between the type specimens of these forms have been found except for the presence (  exerta ) and the absence (  tricarinata ) of hairs. The absence of hairs might be due to the corroded state of the syntypes of  tricarinata . Although the difference between typical  Endothyrella plectostoma and typical  tricarinata /  exerta shells seem to be minor, we found no intermediate forms, and in some cases we found mixed museum samples which indicate that the shells might have been collected from the same site. This suggest that  Endothyrella plectostoma and  Endothyrella tricarinata are distinct species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C224AC5DF67EEBA6F7AAA0957020000	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
50A05303AF51EAD539106CFA325F567B.text	50A05303AF51EAD539106CFA325F567B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Endothyrella williamsoni (Gude 1915) Gude 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Endothyrella williamsoni (Gude, 1915) Figure 17A </p>
            <p> Endothyrella
williamsoni
 1915  Plectopylis (Endothyra) williamsoni Gude: Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 509, Plate 42, figs 1  a–d . ["Abor Hills, exact part not indicated"]. </p>
            <p>Types.</p>
            <p>Abor Hills, leg. C.F.G. Oakes, R.E., NHMUK 1903.7.1.3087. (5 syntypes, Figure 17A)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell very small, sinistral with narrow umbilicus and conical dorsal surface; shell hairless but densely, finely ribbed and ornamented with low radial periostracal lamellae on the whole shell; callus strong; palatal plicae horizontal, almost straight and thin at their middle; lamella slightly curved; there is long, horizontal plica anteriorly to the lamella, and a short horizontal plica above the long one; additionally, there is a very short upper plica above the lamella, a small denticle posteriorly above, and a long lower plica near the suture which reaches the aperture.</p>
            <p>Measurements</p>
            <p>(in mm): D: 6, H: 3.6-3.7 (n = 2, type series).</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Endothyrella williamsoni has a more elevated spire than  Endothyrella macromphalus and  Endothyrella minor , and has two horizontal parietal plicae anterior to the  lamella which are missing in the other two species. The most similar species in terms of shell shape and size to  Endothyrella williamsoni is  Endothyrella blanda . The latter species, on the other hand, lacks the two horizontal parietal plicae anterior to the lamella which area characteristic for  Endothyrella williamsoni . Moreover,  Endothyrella blanda specimens have seven rows of hairs, whereas  Endothyrella williamsoni is hairless.  Endothyrella robustistriata sp. n. is smaller, has stronger dorsal sculpture and lack the main plica which is characteristic for  Endothyrella williamsoni . See also Table 5. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>This species is known from the type locality only (Figure 10).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/50A05303AF51EAD539106CFA325F567B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
CD0F63365E733B4C171EA0667E36C8D1.text	CD0F63365E733B4C171EA0667E36C8D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectopylis hanleyi Godwin-Austen 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Pulmonata Plectopylidae</p>
            <p> Plectopylis hanleyi Godwin-Austen, 1879b</p>
            <p> Plectopylis hanleyi 1879b  Plectopylis hanleyi Godwin-Austen: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (4): 164. [  “Sikkim?” ]. </p>
            <p> Plectopylis hanleyi 1897c  Plectopylis hanleyi , - Gude: Science Gossip, 4: 11. </p>
            <p> Plectopylis hanleyi 1899a  Plectopylis hanleyi , - Gude: Science Gossip, 5: 240. </p>
            <p> Plectopylis hanleyi 1899c  Plectopylis (Endothyra) hanleyi , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 148. </p>
            <p> Plectopylis hanleyi 1899d  Plectopylis (Endothyra) hanleyi , - Gude: Science Gossip, 6: 175, 176. </p>
            <p> Plectopylis hanleyi 1914b  Plectopylis (Endothyra) hanleyi , - Gude: The Fauna of British India  … : 73, 77. </p>
            <p>Original description.</p>
            <p> "Shell sinistral, depressedly conoid, openly umbilicated, probably hirsute when young. Sculpture coarse, irregular, transverse ridges. Colour uniform ochraceous. Spire conoidal; apex blunt, smooth. Suture well marked. Whorls six, close-wound, convex. Aperture semicircular, diagonal; peristome somewhat thickened, white, with a thin callus on the parietal margin, not to the extent of a ridge. Size - major diam. 5.5, minor diam. 5.0, alt. 3.0 millims. Parietal vertical lamina simple; palatal  plicæ in two rows, four long in front, four short behind, and one basal long. The shell is very distinct; it has somewhat the form of  Plectopylis plectostoma , but is not so angular on the periphery, while the internal plication is quite different, besides being so very much smaller in size." </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> In the original description Godwin-Austen (1879b) wrote that the holotype is "in the collection of Mr. Sylvanus Hanley". In  Godwin-Austen’s copy of Gude (1914, page 77), Godwin-Austen has written "In my collection". The holotype, however, was not found in the collection of the NHM. Only one NHM specimen was found labelled  Plectopylis hanleyi , and this is annotated with a question mark ("Sikkim, Rarhichu, H. H. Godwin-Austen colln."). However, this specimen is very similar to the type specimen of  Plectopylis blanda , and is not identical with the single shell in  Godwin-Austen’s (1879b) description, because it has only 4.75 whorls (the holotype of  Plectopylis hanleyi has six). Moreover, Godwin-Austen (1879b) described the palatal lamellation, whereas the above mentioned specimen is intact, therefore the inner lamellae and plicae could not be observed. Some parts of  Hanley’s collection are housed in the  Leeds Museum and in the Manchester Museum. The former were contacted and confirmed that the holotype was not deposited there. The catalogue of the type specimens of the Manchester Museum (McGhee 2008) did not list  Plectopylis hanleyi . Since the holotype of  Plectopylis hanleyi seems to be lost, and the description is not sufficient to diagnose the species (although it matches with  Endothyrella blanda ),  Plectopylis hanleyi is considered to be a nomen dubium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD0F63365E733B4C171EA0667E36C8D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pall-Gergely, Barna;Budha, Prem B.;Naggs, Fred;Backeljau, Thierry;Asami, Takahiro	Pall-Gergely, Barna, Budha, Prem B., Naggs, Fred, Backeljau, Thierry, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Plectopylidae). ZooKeys 529: 1-70, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.529.6139
