identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1E1A59081271BB77F5072F8FFE07FF3E.text	1E1A59081271BB77F5072F8FFE07FF3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Camaenidae Pilsbry 1895	<div><p>Family Camaenidae</p><p>Asian Camaenidae Pilsbry, 1895 were taxonomically separated from the family Bradybaenidae Pilsbry, 1939 on the basis of the absence of dart apparatus and mucus glands in the reproductive system (Páll-Gergely et al., 2013). Schileyko &amp; Kuznetsov (1998) argued that the camaenid-like genitalia of Landouria, are the result of secondary reduction, and placed Landouria in the Bradybaenidae . However, the results from a study of the molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails indicated that AsianAustralasian camaenid and bradybaenid taxa intermingle in the same clade of the phylogenetic tree, which suggests that both taxa are confamilial (Wade et al., 2007). This opinion was followed by Gittenberger et al. (2012) and Páll-Gergely et al. (2013), who considered Bradybaenidae Pilsbry, 1939 as a junior synonym of Camaenidae Pilsbry 1895 . We also agree with this opinion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E1A59081271BB77F5072F8FFE07FF3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn;Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn	Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn, Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn (2019): First verified record of the genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 from Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Camaenidae) with description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 298-305, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2019-0021
1E1A59081270BB77F4DE2F11FDF0F81E.text	1E1A59081270BB77F4DE2F11FDF0F81E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Landouria , Godwin-Austen 1918	<div><p>Genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918</p><p>Type species. Helix huttoni L. Pfeiffer, 1842 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E1A59081270BB77F4DE2F11FDF0F81E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn;Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn	Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn, Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn (2019): First verified record of the genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 from Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Camaenidae) with description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 298-305, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2019-0021
1E1A59081270BB77F4DE2951FEDBF97D.text	1E1A59081270BB77F4DE2951FEDBF97D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Landouria , Godwin-Austen 1918	<div><p>Genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918</p><p>According to Schileyko &amp; Kuznetsov (1998), this genus is distributed in north-eastern India, Nepal, Myanmar (Mandalay and Shan), and China (Yunnan). Only the Nepalese localities have been verified by reproductive anatomy. Thus, the specific and generic identities of shells from other areas remain questionable.</p><p>Diagnosis. The anatomical characters of some Nepalese species of Landouria were investigated by Schileyko &amp; Kuznetsov (1998), comprising Landouria savadiensis (Nevill, 1877), L. aborensis Godwin-Austen, 1918, L. dhaulagirica Schileyko &amp; Kuznetsov, 1998 and L. rhododendronis Schileyko &amp; Kuznetsov, 1998 . However, the anatomy of the type species is unknown. The important characters of the genus as suggested by Páll-Gergely et al. (2013) are: depressed shell, last whorl descending in front, and umbilicus open and broad; flagellum possessing a series of distinct tubercles on its surface and internally with an axial canal from which the secondary smaller canals branch off, and ending in superficial tubercles; penis consisting of proximal and distal portions, verge minute. The vagina is long and possesses longitudinal folds on the inner wall. The gametolytic sac is very thin except for the swollen base, and a small globose sac at the distal end; dart apparatus and mucus glands absent.</p><p>Remarks. In the original description of the genus Landouria, Godwin-Austen, 1918 included five species from Sri Lanka and the Himalayas (northern and north-eastern India). Schileyko &amp; Kuznetsov (1998) added four species from Nepal to the genus. Other species were described and reported from Indonesia and the Philippines, and have often been mentioned as Landouria (Rensch, 1931; Zilch, 1966; Marwoto, 2016). However, the systematic positions of these island taxa remain uncertain. By compiling distribution records, Schileyko &amp; Kuznetsov (1998) concluded that the genus is restricted to northern India, Nepal, northern Burma, and Sri Lanka. According to Godwin-Austen (1918), the Sri Lankan L. radleyi showed a short and oval flagellum with an elongated distal end with no sign of tubercles, which are characteristic of other Landouria species. Therefore, L. radleyi probably needs to be reclassified in another possibly undescribed genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E1A59081270BB77F4DE2951FEDBF97D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn;Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn	Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn, Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn (2019): First verified record of the genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 from Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Camaenidae) with description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 298-305, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2019-0021
1E1A59081270BB72F7812C2CFBBBFDFE.text	1E1A59081270BB72F7812C2CFBBBFDFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Landouria strobiloides Tumpeesuwan & Tumpeesuwan 2019	<div><p>Landouria strobiloides, new species</p><p>(Figs. 2–5; Table 2)</p><p>Aegista sp.: Naewla, 2002: 11, 13–16, 28–31.</p><p>Landouria sp. 1: Lakkhamphan, 2014: 29–32, 62, 68, 73, 78, 105–112.</p><p>Landouria sp.: Ounchareon, 2015: 42–44, 71, 74, 76, 78–80.</p><p>Landouria sp.: Yingkhamhang, 2016: 18–20, 39–41, 43–45, 47–48, 57–59.</p><p>Landouria sp.: Tanmuangpak et al., 2017: 1195, 1197–1199, 1201–1202.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: NHMSU-0017 (Fig. 3). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.73583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.051943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.73583/lat 17.051943)">Suan Hin Pha Ngam Limestone</a> at an elevation of about 350 m above mean sea level (Fig. 1) in Nong Hin District, Loei Province, northeastern Thailand, 17°3′7″N, 101°44′9″E; 28 June 2014.</p><p>Paratypes: NHMSU-00018 (27 shells): collected with holotype at type locality (genital structure in ethanol). ZRC. MOL.14241 (one shell), THNHM-Iv-18175 (one shell), same data as holotype .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet strobiloides derived from the strobilus, referring to the flagellum of the new species, which looks similar to the strobilus of non-flowering plants because it possesses many tubercles on its surface.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body whorl of shell with very sharp keeled, aperture slightly thickened and with a reflexed rim. Flagellum slightly long, club-shaped, with variably-sized tubercles. Base of gametolytic sac enlarged and swollen.</p><p>Description. Shell (Fig. 3, Table 3): Shell small, 13.4–16.7 mm in width, 7.1–9.6 mm in height, conical-lenticular, color pale brown at early whorls and gradually changing to dark brown on body whorl, with 5.25–5.50 slowly increasing whorls; protoconch consisting of about two whorls, sculpture irregular, very fine; suture rather shallow, last whorl with very sharp peripheral keel, keel with paler color than other parts of shell. Umbilicus very deep and moderately wide (about ¼ of the shell width), showing all whorls. Aperture irregularly ovate, moderately oblique, with little reflected thin margin; columellar margin more reflected.</p><p>Body (Fig. 2): Animal without shell lobes. Dark brown to black body and tentacles. Posterior part of foot very short, caudal foss and caudal horn absent.</p><p>Radula (Fig. 4): Elongated lanceolate, comprising 100 transverse rows of teeth, with 3–53 teeth in each row. Central teeth unicuspid, lanceolate, and smaller than flanking first lateral teeth. Latero-marginal teeth gradually changing from unicuspid, lanceolate shape to bicuspid, and oblique tricuspid. Genital system (Fig. 5): Prostate gland very long. Uterus long and swollen. Vas deferens long and slender tube, entering the epiphallus apicaly. Epiphallus as long as penis, but shorter than flagellum. Flagellum resembling strobilus of non-flowering plant, with many variously sized tubercles. Penis divided into two portions, both are short and slightly stout. Gametolytic sac connected to free oviduct, comprising three parts, including, small ovate gland at distal end, very long slender tube at middle, and large swollen tube at base. Vagina is longer than penis and epiphallus taken together, of a long-cylindrical in shape. Free oviduct very short, cylindrical. Amatorial organ absent.</p><p>Remarks. The genitalia of the new species agree in general detail with the genital anatomy of congeneric species, but it has the longest tubercles on the flagellum within the genus. The anatomy of Landouria differs from Aegista by the absence of a well-developed dart sac, lateral accessory sacs, and mucous glands (Schileyko, 2004). In Thailand, the snails that have the last whorl slightly descending in front and large umbilicus were assigned to Aegista, but this needs to be confirmed by a study of their anatomical characters.</p><p>Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org) for old literature made available for us. We are indebed to Cholawit Thongcharoenchaikit, Cyler Conrad, and Barna Páll-Gergely for their kindness to seek and send the rare literature for us. Special thanks to Dr. Jolyon Dodgson for kindly checking the manuscript. We are deeply thankful to the two reviewers Menno Schilthuizen and John Stanisic, and Tan Siong Kiat and Fred Wells for their valuable comments and suggestions. This research project was financially supported by Mahasarakham University (Fast Track 2019- 6207018). The Animal Care and Use Protocal Review No. IACUC-MSU-014/2019.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E1A59081270BB72F7812C2CFBBBFDFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn;Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn	Tumpeesuwan, Chanidaporn, Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn (2019): First verified record of the genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 from Thailand (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Camaenidae) with description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 298-305, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2019-0021
