taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
1E1F87DDFF9EFFD89939297A9AECFDA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827104/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827104	Fig. 1. Summary of data for Synergus inquilines reared from Nearctic galls. a) Associations of Synergus mapped to the Ward et al. (2022) Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). Numbers at tips of branches refer to those in figure S1. Closed circles at branch tips indicate Synergus was reared from galls of that gall wasp species in this study. Open circles indicate other previously known associations either not studied by us or not recovered in our collections. Blue-colored branches within the phylogeny indicate Palearctic gall wasps. b) Total number of gall types from which Synergus were reared in the three bioregions identified by Hipp et al. (2018) as constituting different assemblages of North American oaks: Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total number of gall types collected in each region, excluding gall types from which no insects emerged. For figures c–f, gall types from which fewer than five individual insects were reared were excluded, whether or not a Synergus was reared. c) Associations of Synergus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). Gray bars and numbers indicate gall types with which a Synergus was associated. White bars and numbers indicate the number of gall types from which a Synergus was not reared. d) Association of Synergus with gall types on different oak tissues. Clockwise from top left: leaf, stem, acorn, flower, petiole, bud (“Bud” includes galls that may be found on both buds or stems. “Petiole” includes galls that may be found on both petioles and stems or petioles and leaves); e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Synergus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis (Veech 2013) for Synergus against seven other common associates (Cer = Ceroptres, Euc = Euceroptres, Orm = Ormyrus, Syc = Sycophila, Tor = Torymus, Eur = Eurytoma, Eud = Euderus). Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Synergus lateral habitus.	Fig. 1. Summary of data for Synergus inquilines reared from Nearctic galls. a) Associations of Synergus mapped to the Ward et al. (2022) Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). Numbers at tips of branches refer to those in figure S1. Closed circles at branch tips indicate Synergus was reared from galls of that gall wasp species in this study. Open circles indicate other previously known associations either not studied by us or not recovered in our collections. Blue-colored branches within the phylogeny indicate Palearctic gall wasps. b) Total number of gall types from which Synergus were reared in the three bioregions identified by Hipp et al. (2018) as constituting different assemblages of North American oaks: Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total number of gall types collected in each region, excluding gall types from which no insects emerged. For figures c–f, gall types from which fewer than five individual insects were reared were excluded, whether or not a Synergus was reared. c) Associations of Synergus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). Gray bars and numbers indicate gall types with which a Synergus was associated. White bars and numbers indicate the number of gall types from which a Synergus was not reared. d) Association of Synergus with gall types on different oak tissues. Clockwise from top left: leaf, stem, acorn, flower, petiole, bud (“Bud” includes galls that may be found on both buds or stems. “Petiole” includes galls that may be found on both petioles and stems or petioles and leaves); e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Synergus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis (Veech 2013) for Synergus against seven other common associates (Cer = Ceroptres, Euc = Euceroptres, Orm = Ormyrus, Syc = Sycophila, Tor = Torymus, Eur = Eurytoma, Eud = Euderus). Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Synergus lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
1E1F87DDFF9CFFD699392A7A9F62FD08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827106/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827106	Fig. 2. Summary of data for Ceroptres inquilines collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Ceroptres with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Ceroptres were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Ceroptres with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Ceroptres with gall types on different oak tissues. e) Proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Ceroptres were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Ceroptres against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to cooccur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Ceroptres lateral habitus.	Fig. 2. Summary of data for Ceroptres inquilines collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Ceroptres with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Ceroptres were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Ceroptres with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Ceroptres with gall types on different oak tissues. e) Proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Ceroptres were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Ceroptres against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to cooccur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Ceroptres lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
1E1F87DDFF92FFD49A9D2ADA9FA3FEE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827108/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827108	Fig. 3. Summary of data for Euceroptres inquilines collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Euceroptres with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Euceroptres were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Euceroptres with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Euceroptres with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Euceroptres were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Euceroptres against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Euceroptres lateral habitus.	Fig. 3. Summary of data for Euceroptres inquilines collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Euceroptres with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Euceroptres were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Euceroptres with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Euceroptres with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Euceroptres were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Euceroptres against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Euceroptres lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
1E1F87DDFF90FFD49AEA29BA9BCAFBC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827110/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827110	Fig. 4. Summary of data for Ormyrus collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Ormyrus with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Ormyrus were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Ormyrus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Ormyrus with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Ormyrus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Ormyrus against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Ormyrus lateral habitus.	Fig. 4. Summary of data for Ormyrus collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Ormyrus with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Ormyrus were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Ormyrus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Ormyrus with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Ormyrus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Ormyrus against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Ormyrus lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
1E1F87DDFF90FFD1990F2C9A9EADFCC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827112/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827112	Fig. 5. Summary of data for Torymus collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Torymus with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Torymus were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Torymus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Torymus with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Torymus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Torymus against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Torymus lateral habitus.	Fig. 5. Summary of data for Torymus collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Torymus with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Torymus were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Torymus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Torymus with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Torymus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Torymus against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Torymus lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
1E1F87DDFF95FFD19A922B9A9A57FDE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827114/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827114	Fig. 6. Summary of data for Sycophila collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Sycophila with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Sycophila were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Sycophila with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Sycophila with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Sycophila were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Sycophila against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Sycophila lateral habitus.	Fig. 6. Summary of data for Sycophila collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Sycophila with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Sycophila were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Sycophila with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Sycophila with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Sycophila were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Sycophila against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Sycophila lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
1E1F87DDFF95FFCF99372ABA9D8CFE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827116/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827116	Fig. 7. Summary of data for Eurytoma collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Eurytoma with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Eurytoma were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Eurytoma with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Eurytoma with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Eurytoma were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Eurytoma against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Eurytoma lateral habitus.	Fig. 7. Summary of data for Eurytoma collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Eurytoma with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). b) Gall types from which Eurytoma were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Eurytoma with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Eurytoma with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Eurytoma were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Eurytoma against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Eurytoma lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
1E1F87DDFF95FFCF99372ABA9D8CFE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827104/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827104	Fig. 1. Summary of data for Synergus inquilines reared from Nearctic galls. a) Associations of Synergus mapped to the Ward et al. (2022) Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). Numbers at tips of branches refer to those in figure S1. Closed circles at branch tips indicate Synergus was reared from galls of that gall wasp species in this study. Open circles indicate other previously known associations either not studied by us or not recovered in our collections. Blue-colored branches within the phylogeny indicate Palearctic gall wasps. b) Total number of gall types from which Synergus were reared in the three bioregions identified by Hipp et al. (2018) as constituting different assemblages of North American oaks: Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total number of gall types collected in each region, excluding gall types from which no insects emerged. For figures c–f, gall types from which fewer than five individual insects were reared were excluded, whether or not a Synergus was reared. c) Associations of Synergus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). Gray bars and numbers indicate gall types with which a Synergus was associated. White bars and numbers indicate the number of gall types from which a Synergus was not reared. d) Association of Synergus with gall types on different oak tissues. Clockwise from top left: leaf, stem, acorn, flower, petiole, bud (“Bud” includes galls that may be found on both buds or stems. “Petiole” includes galls that may be found on both petioles and stems or petioles and leaves); e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Synergus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis (Veech 2013) for Synergus against seven other common associates (Cer = Ceroptres, Euc = Euceroptres, Orm = Ormyrus, Syc = Sycophila, Tor = Torymus, Eur = Eurytoma, Eud = Euderus). Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Synergus lateral habitus.	Fig. 1. Summary of data for Synergus inquilines reared from Nearctic galls. a) Associations of Synergus mapped to the Ward et al. (2022) Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). Numbers at tips of branches refer to those in figure S1. Closed circles at branch tips indicate Synergus was reared from galls of that gall wasp species in this study. Open circles indicate other previously known associations either not studied by us or not recovered in our collections. Blue-colored branches within the phylogeny indicate Palearctic gall wasps. b) Total number of gall types from which Synergus were reared in the three bioregions identified by Hipp et al. (2018) as constituting different assemblages of North American oaks: Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. Numbers in parentheses indicate the total number of gall types collected in each region, excluding gall types from which no insects emerged. For figures c–f, gall types from which fewer than five individual insects were reared were excluded, whether or not a Synergus was reared. c) Associations of Synergus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). Gray bars and numbers indicate gall types with which a Synergus was associated. White bars and numbers indicate the number of gall types from which a Synergus was not reared. d) Association of Synergus with gall types on different oak tissues. Clockwise from top left: leaf, stem, acorn, flower, petiole, bud (“Bud” includes galls that may be found on both buds or stems. “Petiole” includes galls that may be found on both petioles and stems or petioles and leaves); e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Synergus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis (Veech 2013) for Synergus against seven other common associates (Cer = Ceroptres, Euc = Euceroptres, Orm = Ormyrus, Syc = Sycophila, Tor = Torymus, Eur = Eurytoma, Eud = Euderus). Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Synergus lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
1E1F87DDFF8AFFCB9AF1291A9F65FC08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/12827118/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827118	Fig. 8. Summary of data for Euderus collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Euderus with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). “s” = Euderus set, “c” = Euderus crawfordi, “n” = possible new Euderus species. * = this association with a Palearctic oak tree is only known from trees introduced to California. ** = the approximate phylogenetic location of this host of E. crawfordi (see text). b) Gall types from which Euderus were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Euderus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Euderus with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Euderus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Euderus against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Euderus lateral habitus.	Fig. 8. Summary of data for Euderus collected from Nearctic galls. For full explanation of figure details, refer to figure 1 legend. a) Associations of Euderus with the Nearctic oak gall wasp phylogeny (Fig. S1). “s” = Euderus set, “c” = Euderus crawfordi, “n” = possible new Euderus species. * = this association with a Palearctic oak tree is only known from trees introduced to California. ** = the approximate phylogenetic location of this host of E. crawfordi (see text). b) Gall types from which Euderus were reared in the Californian (blue), Mexican and Central American (orange), and Eastern North American (green) floristic provinces. c) Associations of Euderus with trees in sections Quercus (Q), Lobatae (L), and Virentes (V). d) Association of Euderus with gall types on different oak tissues. e) proportion of gall types of three size categories (“small” <0.5 mm; “medium”, “large”> 20 mm) from which Euderus were reared. f) Results of probabilistic co-occurrence analysis for Euderus against seven other common associates. Yellow = significantly less likely to co-occur; blue = significantly more likely to co-occur; gray = no difference from probabilistic expectations. g) Euderus lateral habitus.	2022-11-22	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.		Zenodo	biologists	Ward, Anna K. G.;Busbee, Robert W.;Chen, Rachel A.;Davis, Charles K.;Driscoe, Amanda L.;Egan, Scott P.;Goldberg, Bailey A. R.;Hood, Glen Ray;Jones, Dylan G.;Kranz, Adam J.;Meadely-Dunphy, Shannon A.;Milks, Alyson K.;Ott, James R.;Prior, Kirsten M.;Sheikh, Sofia I.;Shzu, Shih-An;Weinersmith, Kelly L.;Zhang, Linyi;Zhang, Y. Miles;Forbes, Andrew A.			
