taxonID	type	description	language	source
1F3C1D662B41A26359BBF89331D9FE3C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Characters as for family Pacificindolidae, Spines and avicularia lacking. Ancestrula similar to later zooids, ancestrula not covered by lateral zooids. Orifice, kenozooidal opening, except for a narrow proximo-lat- eral gymnocyst. Type species: Mucronella perforata Okada and Mawatari, 1937	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B41A26359BBFB4D30B9F9CA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Colony encrusting or encrusting-erect and sometimes rising into forming frilled massive colony when older. Zooids irregularly rectangular to subhexagonal. Frontal wall uniformly perforated and granulated. Orifice semicircular with a pair of condyles forming sinus, and without oral spines. Peristome distinct or confined to a raised rim, with proximal raised umbo and a small opening of a heterozooid between the umbo and the orifice. Spines lacking. Ovicell hyperstomial, prominent, endooecium imperforate or perforated on the surface, with membranous ectooecium thickened by secondary calcification. The frontal wall of the ancestrula is covered by lateral daughter zooids or remains free.	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B41A2645A39FD49365AF80C.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B41A2645A39FD49365AF80C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Baengnyeongdo Island, 27 Nov. 2007; Incheon Port, 4 Sep. 2008; 1 Jul. 2010; 27 Jun. 2011; 25 Aug. 2012; Hagampo Beach, 13 Feb. 2009; 16 May 2010; Daebyeon Port, 30 Jun. 2009; Sinjindo, 26 Jul. 2009; Gwangyang Port, 16 Aug. 2009; Jodo Island, 4 May 2010; Hauido Island, 21 Jun. 2010; Jangsaengpo Port, 25 Jun. 2010; 24 Jun. 2011; 25 Feb. 2014; Jeju Port 28 Jun. 2010; Seogwipo Port, 28 Jun. 2010; Cheongpodae Beach, 12 Jul. 2010; 17 Feb. 2011; Ganggu Port, 24 Jun. 2011; 17 Jan. 2012; Gampo Port, 24 Jun. 2011; 3 Mar. 2015; Gangjeong, 10 Jul. 2011; Guryongpo Port, 22 Aug. 2012; Yangpo Port, 22 Aug. 2012; Hoenggyeongdo Island, 17 Apr. 2013; Suyabangdo Island, 14 Oct. 2013; Namae Port, 26 Feb. 2014; MABIK IV 00170720, 27 Feb. 2014; Sindo Island, 7 May 2020. Substratum. Rocks, stones, shells (oysters, bivalves, gas- tropods), calcareous tubeworm, seaweeds, plastics.	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B41A2645A39FD49365AF80C.taxon	description	Description. Colony encrusting, coherent, greyish white, forming unilaminar patch, up to about 2 cm in diameter, light yellow color when alive. Zooids subhexagonal, elongate ovoid, or irregularly rectangular, 0.43 - 0.68 mm long (average 0.51 ± 0.07 mm), 0.23 - 0.39 mm wide (average 0.33 ± 0.04 mm), separated by a groove and suture line. All zooids of one type. Frontal wall slightly convex, granulated, evenly perforated with circular pores. Orifice semicircular, longer than wide, 0.09 - 0.15 mm long (average 0.12 ± 0.01 mm), 0.08 - 0.14 mm wide (average 0.12 ± 0.01 mm); wide shallow sinus laterally confined by a pair of pointed small triangular condyles. Peristome distinct lateral lappets, not developed distally, with proximal raised umbo and a small opening of kenozooid between umbo and orifice. Ovicell globose, prominent, hyperstomial, 0.21 - 0.24 mm long (average 0.23 ± 0.01 mm), 0.23 - 0.25 mm wide (average 0.25 ± 0.01 mm), closed by operculum, recumbent on frontal wall of distal zooid and partially overhanging orifice, frontally imperforate, irregular nodular, sometimes with finely tuberculate radiating ribs, with series of marginal pores. No spines and avicularia. Interzooidal communication via multiporous septu- la. Ancestrula elongate oval, 0.05 - 0.06 mm long (average 0.06 ± 0.01 mm), 0.08 - 0.09 mm wide (average 0.08 ± 0.00 mm), similar to autozooids, frontal wall finely granulated and evenly perforated with numerous pores. Ancestrular orifice roughly circular. Ancestrula buds smaller zooids, two distolaterally and two laterally, surrounded by zooids.	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B41A2645A39FD49365AF80C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Yatarojima near Onagawa Bay, northern Honshu, 34 m in depth; Akkeshi Bay on the Pacific side of Hokkaido). China (Qingdao in Shandong Province; Shipu in Zhejiang Province; Pingtan Island, Xiamen, and Dongshan Island in Fujian Province; Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay in Guangdong Province, and Hong Kong and its neighboring waters, 0 - 15 m in depth), France (Bay of Arcachon), Netherlands (Goesse Sas in the Oosterschelde; Yerseke).	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B41A2645A39FD49365AF80C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to Liu and Liu (1999), the width of orifice in Chinese specimen ranges from 0.07 to 0.11 mm (average 0.09 ± 0.02 mm), which is smaller than the one of European materials (De Blauwe, 2006). On the other hand, the zooidal length and width from France are smaller than the others from the Pacific (Table 2).	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B41A2645A39FD49365AF80C.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species is a fouling bryozoan which attaches to seaweeds, hydroids, rocks, stones, shells, buoys, fishing nets and synthetic materials. This is known to be one of the commonest bryozoan foulers in the coastal waters off the southern China seas (Liu and Liu, 1999). Also in Korea, this species attaches to stones, oyster shells (Crassostrea gigas), bivalve shells (Mytilus galloprovin- cialis), worm tubes, seaweeds, plastics from intertidal zone. Japanese specimens were found on seaweed, rock and bivalve shell only, not on the man-made substratum, such as fishing nets and buoys (Grischenlo et al., 2007). The East Pacific bryozoan Pacificincola perforata has been introduced to the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. The most likely route of introduction is via importations of pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Its currently known distribution in the Atlantic is restricted to estuaries in France and the Netherlands (De Blauwe, 2006). It can be expect- ed that Pacificincola perforata will rapidly spread on the Atlantic coast of Europe.	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B47A26559D0FDF630A7FCD0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Characters as for family Pacificindolidae, but with frontal wall evenly perforated. Orifice with a pair of condyles forming sinus. No spines. Ovicell hyperstomial. Ancestrula budding a triplet of daughter zooids; frontal wall of ancestrula covered by two lateral daughter zooids, having a median longitudinal ridge, only the ancestrular orifice remaining free. Type species: Schizoporella insculpta Hincks, 1883	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B47A26759D0FB9A365BF886.taxon	description	1937).	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B47A26759D0FB9A365BF886.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Holotype: MABIK IV 00170721, One intact colony, collected by 21 Nov. 2009 at rocky shore of Munseom Island, Jeju-do, (B. S. Min and H. J. Yang) by SCUBA diving from 25 - 30 m in depth. Paratype: MABIK IV 00170722, Bangeojin Port, 13 Aug. 2009, by B. S. Min, and H. J. Yang. Additional material examined. Yeondaedo Island, 10 Jul. 1964; Yeonhwado Island, 19 Jul. 1978; Seogwipo, 13 Jul. 1979; Sangju-ri, 20 May 1981; Mipo, 25 May 1981; 8 Dec. 1981; Dodong, 11 Jul. 1984; Neunggeol, 26 Aug. 2003; Deoksan Port, 7 Jul. 2002; Gyedo Island, 24 Jun. 2008; Yangpo Port, 12 Aug. 2009; 24 Jun. 2010; 24 Jun. 2011; 22 Aug. 2012; 22 Dec. 2012; 25 Feb. 2014; 3 Mar. 2015; Bangeojin Port, 13 Aug. 2009; Gujora Port, 15 Aug. 2009; Jumunjin Port, 30 Aug. 2009; Daebyeon Port, 19 Sep. 2009; Munseom Island, 6 Oct. 2009 (J. E. Seo, B. S. Min and H. J. Yang) by SCUBA diving from 30 m in depth; 21 Nov. 2009; 19 Jan. 2010 (B. S. Min and H. J. Yang) by SCUBA diving from 25 - 30 m in depth; Jodo Island, 5 May 2010 (B. S. Min and H. J. Yang) by SCUBA diving from 10 m in depth; Yokjido Island, 1 Nov. 2011 (B. S. Min and S. G. Ra) by SCUBA diving from 10 - 15 m in depth; 2 Nov. 2011 (B. S. Min and S. G. Ra) by SCU- BA diving from 10 - 15 m in depth; Ganggu Port, 17 Jan. 2012; Daegueulbido Island, 25 Jun. 2013 (B. S. Min) by SCUBA diving from 10 - 15 m in depth; Daetseom Island, 26 Jun. 2013; Tongyeong Port, 2 Mar. 2015; Gyeongpodae (Gangneung-si) 5 May 2015 (B. S. Min and J. K. Jung) by SCUBA diving from 15 m in depth; Gapado Island (Jeju-do) 5 Jul. 2015 (B. S. Min, H. J. Yang and J. K. Jung) by SCUBA diving from 25 m in depth; Almado, 20 Jul 2017 (B. S. Min) by SCUBA diving from 25 m in depth; Hongdo, 26 Apr. 2018 (B. S. Min) by SCUBA diving from 25 m in depth. Substrata. Anthozoans (sea fans), hydrozoans, oyster shells, rocks, buoys (plastic or styrofoam).	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B47A26759D0FB9A365BF886.taxon	description	Description. Colony unilaminar, encrusting when young; erect and massive, growing up into bilaminar to about 20 cm in diameter when older; light yellow, or orange when alive. Zooids elongate, rounded-hexagonal, or bar- rel-shaped, 0.45 - 0.84 mm long (average 0.62 ± 0.10 mm), 0.20 - 0.29 mm wide (average 0.26 ± 0.04 mm). Frontal wall slightly convex, evenly perforated, pustulose between perforations. Orifice subcircular, slightly wider than long, 0.14 - 0.21 mm long (average 0.18 ± 0.02 mm), 0.16 - 0.21 mm wide (average 0.19 ± 0.02 mm), with a wide, shallow sinus flanked by blunt condyles. Zooids of two types, male with a smaller orifice and female with a larger orifice. Male zooid, 0.49 - 0.5 mm long (average 00.48 ± 0.03 mm), 0.12 - 0.19 wide (average 0.16 ± 0.04 mm). Orifice of male zooid, 0.10 - 0.13 mm long (average 0.18 ± 0.01 mm), 0.09 - 0.11 wide (average 0.10 ± 0.01 mm). Peristome not well developed. Small heterozooid proximal to orifice forms lunate umbo small, elliptical foramen. Ovicell conspicuous, globose, reaching to condyles and leaving only 1 / 3 of orifice when mature, surface pustulose, 0.29 - 035 mm long (average 0.31 ± 0.02 mm), 0.25 - 0.29 mm wide (average 0.27 ± 0.01 mm); generally with a few tiny pores on surface. Developing ovicells with thin ribs radiating from proximal margin; mature ovicells lacking ribs but having a smooth zone along proximal margin and paired, thin, raised basal flanges at proximal corners, and appear to be closed by zooidal operculum (Fig. 3 C). Spines and avicularia lacking. Ancestrula oval in outline, 0.11 mm long (average 0.11 ± 0.00 mm), 0.10 - 0.13 mm wide, (average 0.12 ± 0.2 mm) budding a distal and two distolateral primary daughter zooids; frontal wall of ancestrula covered by the two lateral daughter zooids, having a median longitudinal ridge, only the ancestrular orifice remaining free.	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B47A26759D0FB9A365BF886.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is from the Latin glaber (smooth), collarium (collar), reflecting to the mature ovicell having with smooth collars.	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B47A26759D0FB9A365BF886.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There are three species belonging to the genus Primavelans, Primavelans insculpa and Primavelans mexicana from the east Pacific, and Primavelans glabricollaris n. sp. The proximal lip by blunt and downcurved condyles of the orifice in our new species is more straight than slightly convex by sharp condyles in Primavelans insculpta. The condyles of Primavelans mexicana are much smaller than the rest two species of Primavelans, which it form the proximal lip arched slightly in the mid- dle (Soule, Soule and Chaney, 1995). Both Primavelans glabricollaris n. sp. and Primavelans insculpta has two types of zooids, male with a smaller orifice and female with a larger orifice. However, the former species has more rare male zooids than the latter (Nielsen, 1981). The ovicell in Primavelans glabricollaris n. sp. is minutely perforated and has thin flanges at the proximolateral corners and a smooth zone along the proximal margin, which seems to conform to the shape of the zooidal operculum. In addition, Primavelans glabricollaris n. sp. in lacking ridges on the mature ovicell differs from Primavelans insculpta, which has few small pores closed by advanced calcification (Soule, Soule and Chaney, 1995). Primavelans mexicana has the imperforate ovicell with lateral oral flanges showing difference from the one of Primavelans glabricollaris n. sp. (Soule, Soule and Chaney, 1995) (Fig. 3). Japanese specimen from Sagami Bay (Hirose, 2010) does not show the ancestrula of the genus Primavelans; however it is clearly different from Pacificincola perforata in having perforate ovicell with thin flanges at its proximolateral corners and deeply covering zooidal orifice, when mature (Hirose, 2010). Thus, of Japanese specimens, the one from Sagami Bay seems to be different from the one from Akkeshi Bay, Hokkaido.	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
1F3C1D662B47A26759D0FB9A365BF886.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Primavelans glabricollaris n. sp. is initially unilaminar but then grows and rises into irregular, bilaminar and frilled massive colony in case of materials collected from a depth of about 25 m. This new species is a fouling bryozoan attached to the ropes hanging on wharfs or aquaculture cages. Most colonies collected from Jeju-do and eastern and southern shoreline of Korea are common- ly attached to buoys such as plastics or styrofoam in ports. In scallop farms, colonies of the new species encrust the aquaculture cages, and interrupt the growth of young scal- lops, causing a disturbance to the flow of water. This new species on hydroids seems to be found in Europe (personal communication). Occasionally in Jeju-do, other inverte- brates, such as decapods and starfish, are found within the colony of this species.	en	Min, Bum Sik, Chae, Hyun Sook, Yang, Ho Jin, Noh, Geon Woo, Seo, Dong Hee Lee and Ji Eun (2021): A new species and new record of Pacificincolidae (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from Korea. Journal of Species Research 10 (3): 276-286, DOI: 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.3.276
