taxonID	type	description	language	source
181B7B0CA30EFA188A7CFD50FD8AD2A1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 4 exx., “ Faz. (= Fazenda) Sta. (= Santa) Carlota, Cajuru, SP, BR ”, with different dates (1 ex. 25. X. 1988; 1 ex. 10.10.1989; 1 ex. 29. III. 1991; 1 ex. without date). Taxonomy. The description of this species made byHaag-Rutenberg (1879) is clear and permitted the identification of our specimens. The genus Tetraonyx includes two described subgenera, the nominate and the monotypic Paratetraonyx Kaszab, 1959 (Pinto and Bologna, 1999). The nominate subgenus was divided by Haag-Rutenberg into two lineages: one (A) characterized by the sides of pronotum concave in middle and with more marked angles; the second (B) with pronotum not incised medially and obtuse angles. According to the shape of pronotum (Figure 1 c), T. angulicollis belongs to the lineage A and it is the only species with the dorsal body colour totally ochre-brown (Figure 1 a). Among the examined specimens, the abdomen could be entirely black or with the last three ventrites orange; meso- and metapleures totally or partially black; mesosternum orange or partially black; antennae black and antennomeres similar in both sexes. Remarks. Haag-Rutenberg (1879) cited “ Mexico? ” as type locality of T. angulicollis, but expressed doubts about it. Subsequently, this uncertain range was quoted in all papers and catalogues in which the species was mentioned (Champion, 1892; Borchmann, 1917; Denier, 1935 a; Blackwelder, 1945; Selander, 1983; García-París et al., 2007). Nevertheless, none of these authors examined the type or additional specimens and, after the examination of the new material, we can define that the range of T. angulicollis certainly includes the south-eastern Brazil (São Paulo State) rather than Mexico.	en	Bologna, Marco A., Riccieri, Alessandra (2023): Taxonomic and faunistic study of four almost unknown Brazilian Meloidae (Coleoptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20230041) 67 (3): 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0041, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0041
181B7B0CA30DFA1989ACFCADFB70D1E5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 27 exx., “ Faz. (= Fazenda) Sta. (= Santa) Carlota, Cajuru, SP, BR ” with different dates (1 ex. 1986; 1 ex. 12. III. 1987; 2 exx. 2. III. 1988; 2 exx. 16. III. 1988; 1 ex. 14. IV. 1988; 1 ex. 1989; 1 ex. 17. III. 1989; 1 ex. 19. III. 1989; 1 ex. 27. III. 1989; 1 ex. 10. IV. 1989; 1 ex. 3. V. 1989; 1 ex., 13. II. 1990; 1 ex: 15. II. 1990; 1 ex. 26. III. 1990; 1 ex. 23. IV. 1990; 1 ex. 24. IV., 1990; 1 ex. 30. IV. 1990; 1 ex. 16. X. 1990; 1 ex. 12. X. 1990; 1 ex. 23. X. 1990; 1 ex. 23. II. 1998; 1 ex. 25. IX. 1999; 3 exx. without date). 8 exx., “ Faz. (= Fazenda) Cambuhy, Matão, SP, BR ”, with different dates (1 ex. 1986; 1 ex. 30. I. 1996; 1 ex. 25. X. 1996; 4 exx. 1997; 1 ex. 4. II. 1997). 8 exx., “ Serra do Japì, Jundalai, SP, BR ”, with different dates (1 ex. 1986; 1 ex. 14. IX. 1995; 1 ex. 2. X. 1995; 1 ex. 14. X. 1995; 1 ex. 14. XI. 1995; 1 ex. 27. IV. 1995; 1 ex. 16. XI. 1995; 1 ex. 1996). 18 exx., “ Est. (= Estação) Ecol. (= Ecológica) dos Caetatus, Gália, SP, BR, 22 ° 22.51 ’ - 49 ° 40.26 ’ ”, with different dates (1 ex. 23. II. 2007; 1 ex. 14. III. 2007; 1 ex. 28. III. 2007; 1 ex. V. 2007; 1 ex. 23. V. 2007; 1 ex. 29. V. 2007; 1 ex. 1. VI. 2007; 1 ex. 23. VI. 2007; 1 ex. 25. VI. 2007; 1 ex. 15. X. 2007; 1 ex. 28. X. 2007; 1 ex. 8. XI. 2007; 1 ex. 10. XI. 2007; 2 exx. 19. XI. 2007; 1 ex. 24. XI. 2007; 1 ex. 30. XII. 2007; 1 ex. 3. XII. 2009). Taxonomy. Also in this species, as in other Nemognatha from South America (N. chrysomeloides) and North America (e. g., N. lurida LeConte, 1858, N. lutea LeConte, 1853), exists a great variability in the body colour and this condition produced several taxonomic errors. Usually the body is black with elytra dark blue-violet metallic and the abdomen orange (Fig. 2 a / c), but with the following variation: males (except two) have orange shiny abdomen, while ca. one third of females have the abdomen black or at least distinctly dark; the head is black, but very few specimens have temples and genae partially orange (Fig. 2 b); one single specimen shows the head almost completely reddish and the pronotum dark-reddish. As the other two following species, the head is very short and galeae are quite short, differently than in most Nemognatha, reaching the lateral-anterior angle of the eye. The male modified areas are present on ventrites II-V (see below; Fig. 2 d) and are represented by scarcely depressed, sub-oval surface, with a distinct and denser punctuation and dense different setae; male genitalia as in Fig. 2 e / f. Remarks. This species is recorded only from Brazil. Beauregard (1890) described it as N. atra using the name found on a specimen of the Brussels’ Museum collections, but this name was preoccupied by N. atra Dugès, 1889 from Mexico (now Zonitis (Parazonitis) dugesi Selander, 1954). Consequently, the name was changed by Pic (1910 b) as N. beauregardi. After Pic’s paper this species has never been studied. Erroneously, N. atra and N. beauregardi were included byGarcía-París et al. (2007) among the synonyms of N. chrysomeloides (Linnaeus, 1763), a species widely spread from Mexico to Argentina, which belongs to another lineage and is greatly distinct at least because of the ventrites not modified and galeae extremely elongate. According to the classification of Nemognatha proposed by Enns (1956), very few South American species have been assigned to one of the four Nearctic subgenera. Riccieri et al. (2023) referred tentatively N. nigrotarsata (Fairmaire et Germain, 1861) from Chile and NW Argentina to the nominate subgenus, and N. mimula Borchmann, 1952 from Ecuador and Peru to the subgenus Pauronemognatha Enns, 1956, while they did not place in none of the described subgenera both N. chrysomeloides and N. nigronotata (Pic, 1914). We confirm the arrangement inPauronemognatha of the first two species and refer to it also N. beauregardi, which shows modified areas on ventrites II-V (Figure 2 d). García-París et al. (2014) recorded for the first time N. plaumanni Borchmann, 1942 from Venezuela. This species was described from south-eastern Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia [erroneously considered by Borchmann (1942) as in the Rio Grande do Sul State], not far from the localities ofN. beauregardi we studied in the São Paulo State. As noted above, García-París et al. (2014), who examined topotypic specimens of N. plaumanni in the Budapest’ Museum, erroneously considered N. beauregardi as a variation of N. chrysomeloides and did not compare N. plaumanni with N. beauregardi. According to the figures of the topotypic N. plaumanni published by these authors, this species seems extremely similar to N. beauregardi and we suggest their possible synonymy. We cannot confirm this co-specificity without the examination of the male structures (ventrites and genitalia) of N. plaumanni, and because García-París et al. (2014) stated that this species cannot be referred to any described subgenera, while in N. beauregardi the modified ventral areas and the hind spurs typical of Pauronemognatha are clearly detectable. Léo Correia da Rocha Filho communicated to us (pers. comm. II. 2023) that specimens of N. beauregardi have been collected in the nests ofTetrapedia diversipes Friese, 1899 (Hymenoptera, Apidae), and those of N. rufoscutellaris and N. cfr. gounellei (see below) in the nest of Tetrapedia spp. Parasitization of T. diversipes was ascertained also in N. rufoscutellaris and in the species which probably corresponds to N. gounellei (Rocha-Filho and Garofalo, 2016).	en	Bologna, Marco A., Riccieri, Alessandra (2023): Taxonomic and faunistic study of four almost unknown Brazilian Meloidae (Coleoptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20230041) 67 (3): 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0041, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0041
181B7B0CA30CFA1E8A7CFE11FAB5D15B.taxon	description	23. II. 1988; 1 ex. 3. III. 1988; 1 ex. 6. II. 1989; 1 ex. 1990; 1 ex. 12. III. 1990; 1 ex. 5. III. 1990; 1 ex. 6. III. 1990; 1 ex. 19. III. 1990; 1 ex. 5. IV. 1990; 1 ex. 8. IV. 1990; 1 ex. 17. X. 1990; 2 exx. 23. X. 1990 (1 with exuvia); 1 ex. 23. X. 1991; 1 ex. 1997; 1 ex. 8. III. 1998; 2 exx. without date). 1 ex., “ Serra do Japì, Jundalai, SP, BR ”, 1 ex. 3. XI. 1995. 2 exx., “ Est. (= Estação) Ecol. (= Ecológica) dos Caetatus, Gália, SP, BR, 22 ° 22.51 ’ - 49 ° 40.26 ’ ”, with different dates (1 ex. 2. II. 2007; 1 ex. 19. XI. 2007). 4 exx., “ Reserva Ecologica Pedregulho, SP; BR ”, with different dates (1 ex. 25. X. 1991; 1 ex. 21. X. 1991; 2 exx. 3. XI. 1991). 3 exx., “ Est. (= Estação) Ecol. (= Ecológica) de Jatai, L. (= Luiz) Antonio, SP, BR ”, with different dates (1 ex. 9. X. 1991; 1 ex. 25. X. 1991; 1 ex. 29. X. 1991). 1 ex., “ Faz. (= Fazenda) Feder. (= Federal) (illegible), SP, BR ”, (illegible) (without date). 22 exx., “ Faz. (= Fazenda) Ecol. (= Ecológica) Santa Cecilia, Patrocinio Paulista, SP, BR ”, with different dates (1 ex. 4. IV. 2001; 1 ex. 29. III. 2002; 1 ex. 1. XI. 2002; 1 ex. 27. XI. 2002; 1 ex. 22. III. 2003; 1 ex. 1. III. 2003; 5 exx. 21. X. 2003; 1 ex. 27. X. 2003; 4 exx. 22 / 23. X. 2003; 2 exx. 26. X. 2003; 1 ex. 27. X. 2003; 1 ex. 31. X. 2003; 1 ex 10. II. 2004; 1 ex. 25. X. 2004). Taxonomy. This species is black with elytra dark black-violet metallic, head, pronotum, procoxae and abdomen usually orange (Fig. 3 a / b / c). The colour variation of the examined specimens is large and could support the hypothesis of co-specificity with other Brazilian taxa. First, the head colour could be totally orange (Fig. 3 e) or with a black frontal area, present in almost 14 % of the individuals, usually rectangular, extended from the suture to the middle of interocular space or totally covering the frons until the posterior margin of eye (Fig. 3 d). The antennomeres are black, but in two specimens antennomeres I-II are orange as the base of III. Elytra in a few individuals are blue-violet or green-violet. The abdomen is orange, especially in males, but in about 38 % of individuals is black or rarely dark reddish. As in both other Nemognatha object of this study, the head is very short and galeae are quite short, reaching at most the anterior ventral angle of the eye. The modified ventral areas, which allow to refer for the first time this species to the subgenus Pauronemognatha, are depicted in Fig. 3 f, and male genitalia in Fig. 3 g / h. Remarks. Both N. rufoscutellaris and N. subparallela Pic, 1927 have been described generically from Brazil and afterwards recorded also from Bolivia and Argentina. According to the description, they look very similar to each other, except for the head colour, black in the first and orange / red in the second species. We agree with Denier (1935 b) who considered N. subparallela as a chromatic variation of N. rufoscutellaris with the head orange / red, rather than black. For instance, Martinez (1992) considered these two taxa as distinct, based on the unpublished opinion of R. B. Selander. Another species, N. pallidicollis Beauregard, 1890, which was compared by Pic (1910 a) to N. rufoscutellaris, could be referred to the intraspecific variation of this complex, but we did not examine it. If the synonymy between the two species will be confirmed, the name N. pallidicollis should have the priority. For information about the bee host see above.	en	Bologna, Marco A., Riccieri, Alessandra (2023): Taxonomic and faunistic study of four almost unknown Brazilian Meloidae (Coleoptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20230041) 67 (3): 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0041, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0041
181B7B0CA30BFA1F8A5EFEE0FDA8D123.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 4 exx., “ Faz. (= Fazenda) Sta. (= Santa) Carlota, Cajuru, SP, BR ” with different dates (2 ex. 12. X. 1990; 1 ex. 23. X. 1990; 1 ex. 16. X. 1991). 2 exx., “ Serra do Japì, Jundalai, SP, BR ” with different dates (1 ex. 26. IX. 1995; 1 ex. 22. V. 1996). 1 ex., “ Faz. (= Fazenda) Ecol. (= Ecológica) Santa Cecilia, Patrocinio Paulista, SP, BR ”, 1. X. 1993. Taxonomy. This species (Fig. 4 a / c) is black with the elytral colouration brown-hazelnut, variable at apex, as it could be metallic violet on the apical third-fourth (50 % of the specimens; three localities) or apically only infuscate without distinct violet colouration, but this might be related to the scarce sclerotization being the individuals extracted from the nests of their hosts (37 %; one of the previous localities). In one specimen elytra are completely broken posteriorly. Both head and pronotum are red (Fig. 4 a / b), but in three specimens the head is black, and in one of them also the pronotum is dark. The abdomen is usually orange. As in the previous two species, the head is very short and galeae are quite short, reaching at most the anterior ventral angle of the eye. The modified ventral areas (Fig. 4 d), permit to assign for the first time this species to the subgenus Pauronemognatha. Male genitalia are represented in Fig. 4 e / f. Remarks. Until now, this species was recorded only from Brazil. We refer tentatively the examined specimens to N. gounellei because of the correspondence of most of the description (Pic, 1910 a). Doubts are due to the lack of a small violet spot at the base of the elytra, but since the great variability in colouration of the Brazilian Nemognatha, numerous specimens should be examined to define their variation. For information about the bee host see above.	en	Bologna, Marco A., Riccieri, Alessandra (2023): Taxonomic and faunistic study of four almost unknown Brazilian Meloidae (Coleoptera). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20230041) 67 (3): 1-7, DOI: 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0041, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2023-0041
