identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
194C87D0FFE3FFDCF387FAFEFCBDFDDF.text	194C87D0FFE3FFDCF387FAFEFCBDFDDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaudhripalpus Mesa, Welbourn and Evans 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaudhripalpus Mesa, Welbourn and Evans, 2009</p>
            <p> Type species.  Crossipalpus creelae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996 , by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 9 pairs of palmate setae; c2, d2, e2, and f2 absent; setae h2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 4-segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2(1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps1–3) on well developed plates. Adult female: cuticle between gnathosoma and prodorsum produced into 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular membranous lobes (with median notch formed between the lobes), anterior to and folded under anterior margin of prodorsum and setae v2, often appear slightly retracted back into body; gnathosoma completely concealed by prodorsum; genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1c; trochanters I–IV 1-1 -1-0 or 0-0-1-0 (v ′ present or absent on tr I–II, absent on tr III–IV; l' always present on tr III); femora I–IV 3-3 -2-1; genua I–IV bare; tibiae 4-4-3-3; tarsi I–IV without tc′′.</p>
            <p>Males unknown.</p>
            <p> Species. Two species:  Ch. creelae ,  Ch. costacola . </p>
            <p> Hosts and distribution.  Casuarinaceae , Australia. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Mesa et al. (2009) state the following characters for the genus  Chaudhripalpus : five-segmented palps with two simple setae, terminal podomere short, with one simple seta, one eupathidium and an elongate solenidion; ventral setae 4a absent; aggenital (ag), genital (g) and pseudanal (ps) setae smooth. However on examining the type series, we found these characters to be incorrect. The correct characters are as follows: four-segmented palps with no simple setae, terminal podomere with one solenidion and one seta-like eupathidium; ventral setae 4a present; aggenital, genital and pseudanal setae are all barbed (ps3 only weakly barbed). </p>
            <p> Chaudhripalpus is close to the monotypic genus  Tegopalpus , differing only in having a four segmented palp (three segmented in  Tegopalpus ) and in having setae v" present on tibiae I–IV. This genus is tentatively retained as a separate genus, as the three segmented palp of  Tegopalpus is autapomorphic within the Tegopalpinae and other mites found on  Casuarinaceae . </p>
            <p> Males remain unknown for  Chaudhripalpus , but like the closely related genus  Tegopalpus , we expect that the male and female solenidia would be of similar length and size. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFE3FFDCF387FAFEFCBDFDDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFE0FFD7F387FD6EFF39FA58.text	194C87D0FFE0FFD7F387FD6EFF39FA58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaudhripalpus creelae (Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996) Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaudhripalpus creelae (Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996)</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–6)</p>
            <p> Crossipalpus creelae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 176 , fig. 21.  Chaudhripalpus creelae, Mesa et al. 2009: 57 , fig. 19. </p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Bull-Oak  Allocasuarina luehmannii (Casuarinaceae) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 16 km E Mt Mary, 14 December1995, coll. W. Frost [on same slide as 2 paratypes of  Ch. creelae and 2 specimens of  Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni (Smiley, Frost and Gerson) (WINC)]. Paratypes. 11 females, 4 protonymphs, 1 larva, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (6 slides; WINC); 4 females and 1 protonymph, same data as holotype (5 slides; only 1 female in good condition); 1 female, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on same slide as 1 female of  Ma. strandtmanni ; USNM); 1 female and 1 deutonymph, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on same slide as 1 female of  Ma. strandtmanni ; USNM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Prodorsal cuticle with coarse, longitudinally lineate sculpturing. Dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with longitudinal striate sculpturing posteriorly; longitudinal folding between setae c1-d1 and d1-e1; olique folds and striate sculpturing laterally. Dorsal setae concave. Ventral setae ps1–2 lanceolate, barbed, seta ps3 smooth. Trochanters I–IV 1-1 -1-0 (v ′ present on tr I–II, added in adult, v' absent on tr III–IV; l' present on tr III, added in protonymph).</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 18). Dorsum. (Figs 1, 2 a, b) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 235–280 [265]; sc2-sc2 86–100 [92]; other measurements: v2-v 2 27–35 [32], sc1-sc1 73–89 [84], c1-c 1 22–26 [26], c3-c3 105–120 [115], d1-d 1 16–26 [22], d3-d3 93–110 [96], e1- e 1 17–27 [22], e3- e3 98–109 [100], f3-f3 88–96 [96], h1-h 1 21–25 [25], h2-h2 57–69 [69]. Gnathosoma entirely or almost entirely concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 2 a, b). Cuticle between gnathosoma and prodorsum produced to form 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular membranous lobes (with median notch formed between lobes), anterior to and folded under anterior margin of prodorsum; lobes often appear slightly retracted back into prosoma, under an anterior fold (Fig. 2); setae v2 inserted on (Fig. 1) or under edge of anterior fold (Figs 2 a, b). Prodorsal shield weakly developed; cuticle with longitudinal folds and striations. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed; cuticle with longitudinal folds between c1-c1 and posterior to e1-e1; cuticle with transverse to oblique folds between central setae and lateral setae. All dorsal setae palmate, barbed, concave like a scoop (see v 2 in Fig. 1; setae f3, h1, h 2 in Fig. 3). Setal lengths: v 2 16– 20 [16], sc 1 14–17 [16, 17], sc 2 14–21 [18], c 1 15–18 [16, 17], c 3 16–21 [17, 19], d 1 13–16 [13, 14], d 3 16–21 [18, 20], e 1 13 –15 [13, 14], e 3 15 –21 [19], f 3 15–20 [18, 19], h 1 12–17 [15], h 2 14–20 [17, 18]. Palps. (Fig. 2) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2 (1s+1e). Tarsal eupathidium seta-like 7–10 [10] long; solenidion 7–9 [8] long. Venter. (Fig. 3) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1a -3a; striae longitudinal between setae 3a -4a; band of striae transverse midway between 4a and ag; striae anterior ag longitudinal, fine; striae surrounding genital region broadly separated, coarse, mostly longitudinal. Genital flap weakly developed, mostly smooth with some weak folds centrally; genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row along posterior margin of flap, g1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g2; g1–2 broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed; ag lanceolate, barbed. Pseudanal setae ps1–3 inserted medially on weakly defined anal plates in longitudinal line; ps1–2 broadly lanceolate, broader than ps3, strongly barbed; ps3 lanceolate, weakly barbed. Coxal setae 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b fine, weakly barbed; setae 2c thickened, barbed; setae 1a, 3a, 4a with thickened bases, tapering to fine tip. Setal lengths: 1a 29–58 [29], 1b 16– 27 [16], 2b 15–26 [18], 2c 16–19 [17], 3a 31–55 [31], 3b 14–23 [14], 4a 23–52 [34], 4b 13–22 [13], ag 1 11–17 [11, 15], g 1 11–16 [15], g 2 11–15 [15], ps 1 8–11 [11], ps 2 8–13 [11], ps 3 9–12 [12]. Spermatheca. Not visible. Legs. (Fig. 4) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi): 1-1-3-0-4-8(1), 2-1-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 1-0-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 9–11 [9, 10] long, ta II 9–11 [9, 10] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I with both 6–7 [7] long; ta II with both 6–7 [6, 7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1c, tr III–IV without seta v ′; ge I–IV without setae; ta I–IV without seta tc′′. Setae v' added to tr I–II.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (1 paratype). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 243, sc2-sc2 89; other measurements: v2-v2 28, sc1-sc1 78, c1-c1 22, c3-c3 122, d1-d1 23, d3-d3 93, e1- e1 21, e3- e3 93, f3-f3 88, h1-h1 23, h2-h2 60. Dorsum with mostly weak transverse folds, some longitudinal on prodorsum. Triangular lobes between gnathosoma and prodorsum not developed; notch not developed. Dorsal setae with strongly developed basal stalk; Setal lengths: v 2 16–17, sc1 14, sc2 15, c 1 15–16, c3 16, d1 15, d3 17, e1 15, e3 15, f3 16, h 1 12–13, h2 14. Palps. (Fig. 5 b) Palps similar to adult. Tarsal eupathidium 8 long, solenidion 4–5 long. Venter. (Fig. 5 a) Cuticle with fine longitudinal striae on gnathosoma to setae 1a; transverse striae between setae 1a and just anterior to setae ag; longitudinal striae from just anterior setae ag to g1; longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Coxal setae fine, except 2c thickened, barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 42, 1 b 22, 2 b 16–18, 2 c 16–19, 3 a 40, 3 b 17, 4a 28, 4 b 18, ag 1 12– 13, g 1 12–13, ps1 7, ps2 6, ps3 7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV 1 -0-3-0-4-8(1), 2-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 1- 0-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (6 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6 long). Leg setation as in adult, except: tr I–III without v ′ (typical deutonymphal seta delayed to adult stage; see Table 1).</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (5 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 170–195, sc2-sc2 75–80; other measurements: v2-v 2 19–23, sc1-sc1 67–70, c1-c 1 21–24, c3-c3 91–110, d1-d 1 19–21, d3-d3 72–74, e1- e 1 13–16, e3- e3 73–77, f3-f3 50–61, h1-h 1 12–14, h2-h 2 31–33. Gnathosoma exposed or partially concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum. Triangular lobes between gnathosoma and prodorsum not developed; notch not developed. Dorsum with sparse striae and folds between areas of smooth cuticle. Setae strongly spatulate or palmate with narrow stalk-like base. Setal lengths: v 2 13–17, sc 1 11–14, sc 2 12–19, c 1 13–15, c 3 11–16, d 1 11–17, d 3 12–15, e 1 13 –15, e 3 12 –14, f 3 11–14, h 1 9–11, h 2 11–13. Palps. Palps similar to adult; solenidion 3–4, eupathidium 6–7. Venter. Cuticle with longitudinal striae on gnathosoma to setae 1a; with transverse striae between setae 1a and ag; with longitudinal striae laterad anal region. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28–32, 1 b 11–14, 2 b 8–14, 3 a 28–39, 3 b 13–15, ag 1 11–13, ps1 7, ps2 7, ps3 7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi): 1-0-3- 0-4-8(1), 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4–5 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph, except: seta 2c absent; seta 4b absent; tarsi IV without seta tc ′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (2 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 6) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 155, sc2-sc2 67; other measurements: v2-v2 18, sc1-sc1 51, c1-c1 16, c3-c3 83, d1-d1 16, d3-d3 61, e1- e1 9, e3- e3 57, f3-f3 44, h1- h1 12, h2-h2 24. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, smooth. Opisthosoma without platelets, with coarse transverse wrinkled striae between c1-d1. All dorsal setae strongly palmate, barbed, with narrow stalk-like base, except v2 tapered, setiform, barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 15–16, sc1 8–9, sc2 10, c 1 11–12, c3 10, d1 10, d3 11, e1 9, e 3 9 –10, f 3 9–10, h1 7–8, h 2 9–10. Palps. (Fig. 6) Palps similar to adult; 1 solenidion 3 long, and 1 seta-like eupathidium 5–7 long. Venter. Cuticle mostly transverse with some longitudinal striae around anal region. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 21, 1 b 11, 3a 24, ps1 5–6, ps2 5–6, ps3 5–6. Legs. (Fig. 6) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4–5 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph, except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I– III nude; ta I–III without seta tc ′.</p>
            <p> Hosts and distribution. This species was described from Bull-Oak  Al. luehmannii near Mt Mary in South Australia. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Mesa et al. (2009) listed incorrect leg setal counts (see above description for correct counts). The additional material examined in this study was not listed in the original description by Smiley et al. (1996). The host is incorrectly spelt on the slide as  Al. luehmanni , instead of  Al. luehmannii . This mite species exhibits an unusual ontogeny with the expression of seta v ′ on the trochanters, i.e. v ′ is delayed until the adult stage on trochanters I–II and is totally absent on trochanters III–IV (this seta usually first appears on trochanters I–III in the deutonymph, and on trochanters IV in the adult, see Table 1). </p>
            <p> Chaudhripalpus creelae can be separated from  Ch. costacola by the presence of v' on trochanters I–II and absence on tr III–IV (v' absent on tr I–IV in  Ch. costacola , i.e. tr I, II, IV nude) and the presence of broadly lanceolate setae ps1–2 (narrowly setiform in  Ch. costacola ). </p>
            <p> Notes: Grey cells indicate where setae are present (if the species possesses the seta at all). Cells with an X show setae that are sometimes delayed to the adult stage see descriptions of  Chaudhripalpus creelae and  Palpipalpus hesperius ). Genu IV is bare in all taxa and is not listed. </p>
            <p>Cx Cx Cx Tr Tr Tr Tr Fe Fe Fe</p>
            <p>Cx I II III IV I II III IV Fe I II III IV</p>
            <p>1a 1b 1c 2b 2c 3a 3b 4a 4b v' v' l' v' v' d v' bv'' d v' bv'' d ev' ev' Larva</p>
            <p>PN</p>
            <p>DN X X X Adult</p>
            <p>Ge Ge Ti Ti Ti Ti</p>
            <p>Ge I II III I II III IV</p>
            <p>l' d l'’ l' d l'’ l' d l' v' v'' d l' v' v'' d v' v'' d v' v'' Larva</p>
            <p>PN</p>
            <p>DN</p>
            <p>Adult</p>
            <p>Ta Ta I-II III TaIV u' u'' p' p'' tc' tc'' ft' ft'' ω'' u' u'' tc' tc'' ft' u' u'' tc' tc'' ft'</p>
            <p>Larva</p>
            <p>PN</p>
            <p>DN</p>
            <p>Adult</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFE0FFD7F387FD6EFF39FA58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFE8FFCBF387FF3EFAB6F829.text	194C87D0FFE8FFCBF387FF3EFAB6F829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaudhripalpus costacola Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chaudhripalpus costacola Beard and Seeman sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 7–12)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex.  Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, 86 km S Goondiwindi, approx. 15 km N Moree, Newell Highway, 29°21’20” S 150°00’24” E, 21 August 2007, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Paratypes. 4 females, 2 pharate females, 2 pharate deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, and 1 larva, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). </p>
            <p> Non-type material examined. 8 females, 7 pharate females, 4 deutonymphs, 11 protonymphs, 3 pharate protonymphs, and 11 larvae ex.  Ca. cristata , AUSTRALIA: Queensland, 17 km west of Dalby on Moonie Highway, 27°14’13” S 151°08’52” E, 0 5 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM, USNM; BRI voucher PIF32479); 8 females, 2 protonymphs, and 4 larvae ex same host, AUSTRALIA: Queensland, 45 km south of Hebel along Castlereagh Highway, near Lightning Ridge, 28°44’43” S 148°09’12” E, 0 6 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM; BRI voucher PIF32488). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Prodorsal shield with coarse, longitudinally lineate sculpturing. Dorsal opisthosomal cuticle with longitudinal striate sculpturing posteriorly; smooth cuticle between setae c1-d1; longitudinal folding between setae d1-e1; oblique folds and striate sculpturing laterally. Ventral setae ps1–2 thin, barbed, seta ps3 smooth. Trochanters I–IV 0-0-1-0 (v ′ absent on tr I–IV; l' present on tr III, added in protonymph). Spermathecal tube long, narrow, ca. 95 long before balloon-like membranous vesicle 4 long, 3 wide.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 21). Dorsum. (Fig. 7) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 265–300 [300]; sc2- sc2 91–93 [91]; other measurements: v2-v2 38 –40 [38], sc1-sc1 82–85 [83], c1-c 1 24–28 [28], c3-c3 116–125 [125], d1-d 1 20–25 [25], d3-d3 99–110 [108], e1- e 1 22–26 [23], e3- e3 97–110 [110], f3-f3 88–99 [99], h1-h 1 21– 24 [24], h2-h2 63–74 [74]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with 1 pair of blunt membranous triangular lobes originating from beneath prodorsal margin, notch formed between lobes 10–15 deep. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with coarse, longitudinal lineate pattern. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed with smooth cuticle medially, coarse, longitudinal-oblique lineate pattern laterally and posteriorly. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields weakly striated. All dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; medial opisthosomal setae shorter than lateral setae. Setal lengths: v 2 17–18 [18], sc 1 14–15 [15], sc 2 17– 20 [17], c 1 13–16 [16], c 3 18–19 [18], d 1 10–11 [10], d 3 16–19 [16], e 1 9 –10 [10], e 3 16 –18 [17], f 3 17–18 [18], h 1 12–13 [13], h 2 15–17 [17]. Palps. (Fig. 8 a) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2 (1s+1e). Tarsal eupathidium 6 long; solenidion 7 long. Vent er. (Fig. 8 b) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1a -3a, longitudinal between setae 3a -4a, transverse striae to midway between 4a and ag, then longitudinal striae becoming coarse around genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g2. Genital area smooth, membranous, 20–25 [25] long, 35–40 [35] wide; anal setae ps1–3 inserted medially on weakly defined anal plates in longitudinal line. Coxal setae 1a, 1b, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b fine; setae g1–2 lanceolate, setae ag1, ps1–2 narrowly lanceolate, barbed, ps3 fine. Setal lengths: 1a 40–45 [broken], 1b 20–25 [broken], 2b 12–15 [12], 2c 12–16 [13], 3a 25–40 [25], 3b 12–15 [12], 4a 30–36 [35], 4b 11–15 [15], ag 1 9–11 [9], g 1 9–11 [11], g2 10 [10], ps1 6–7 [7], ps2 6–7 [7], ps3 5–6 [6]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 8 c) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, becoming convoluted distally, maximum width 1, ca. 95 long before balloon-like spermatheca 4 long, 3 wide. Genital opening just anterior to setae ps3. Legs. (Fig. 9) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0- 4-8(1), 2-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 1-0-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 9 [9] long, ta II 8 [8] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1c; tr I–IV without v ′; ge I–III without l ′, ge I–II without d, l′′; ta I–IV without tc′′.</p>
            <p>MALE. Unknown.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 5). Dorsum. (Fig. 10) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 235–250, sc2- sc2 90–96; other measurements: v2-v 2 25–29, sc1-sc1 83–88, c1-c 1 22–25, c3-c3 114–122, d1-d 1 20–23, d3-d3 88–96, e1- e 1 18–20, e3- e3 88–97, f3-f3 79–85, h1-h 1 18–22, h2-h2 48–56. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield smoothly rounded. Opisthosoma with setae c1 on weak, irregular plate, d1 on paired, weak, irregular platelets; otherwise coarse transverse striae between areas of smooth cuticle. Setal lengths: v 2 13–15, sc 1 13–15, sc 2 15–16, c 1 14–16, c 3 14–17, d 1 13–15, d 3 15–17, e 1 11 –13, e 3 12 –14, f 3 12–15, h1 10, h 2 12–15. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 4 long, eupathidium 4–5 long. Venter. (Fig. 11 b) Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setae ps1–2 barbed, ps3 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 22–25, 1 b 12–13, 2 b 9–11, 2 c 10–13, 3 a 17–20, 3 b 9–10, 4 a 16–22, 4 b 8–10, ag 1 8–10, g 1 10–11, ps1 4–5, ps2 5, ps3 5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (5 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long).</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 190–225, sc2-sc2 81– 84; other measurements: v2-v 2 23–25, sc1-sc1 68–70, c1-c 1 21–22, c3-c3 110–113, d1-d 1 19–23, d3-d3 82–85, e1- e 1 16–19, e3- e3 76–79, f3-f3 67–69, h1-h 1 17–25, h2-h2 36–43. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, smooth. Opisthosoma with setae c1 and d1 on paired, weak, irregular platelets; otherwise sparse striae between areas of smooth cuticle. Setal length: v 2 12–15, sc 1 10–12, sc2 14, c1 15, c 3 14–16, d 1 10– 13, d 3 11–15, e 1 8 –10, e3 13, f3 11, h1 7, h 2 9–11. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 3–4 long, eupathidium 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 25–30, 1 b 8–10, 2 b 8–10, 3 a 17–20, 3 b 6–9, ag 1 7–12, ps1 3–4, ps2 3–4, ps3 3–4. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5, 4–5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 1c absent; seta 4b absent; tarsi IV without tc′′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 16). Dorsum. (Fig. 12) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 130–160, sc2-sc2 64– 69; other measurements: v2-v 2 20–21, sc1-sc1 55–60, c1-c 1 17–18, c3-c3 87–96, d1-d 1 18–19, d3-d3 58–61, e1- e 1 8–11, e3- e3 46–57, f3-f3 33–41, h1-h1 8, h2-h 2 14–22. Anterior prodorsal lobes not developed. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, smooth. Opisthosoma without platelets, with coarse transverse wrinkled striae, becoming oblique posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 12–13, sc1 7–8, sc 2 10–11, c 1 9–10, c 3 8–10, d1 8–9, d 3 9–10, e1 6 –8, e 3 9 – 11, f 3 9–10, h1 5–6, h2 9. Palps. Palps similar to adult except solenidion 3 long and eupathidium 5–6 long. Venter. (Fig. 11 a) Cuticle with transverse striae becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 16– 21, 1 b 11–12, 3 a 14–23, ps1 3–4, ps2 3–4, ps3 3–4. Legs. (Fig. 12) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0- 3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (4 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I–III nude; tarsi I–III without seta tc ′.</p>
            <p> Hosts and distribution. This species was collected from  Belah ,  Ca. cristata from northwestern New South Wales and southwestern Queensland. </p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from costa (rib) and cola (dweller), alluding to the habit of these mites to lodge in between the ribs on stems of she-oaks.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species was a darkish matt red colour in life and was found on the stems, with  Pentamerismus sititoris and  Philippipalpus belah . </p>
            <p> Chaudhripalpus costacola can be separated from  Ch. creelae by the absence of v' on trochanters I–IV (present on tr I–II in  Ch. creelae ) and the presence of narrow setiform setae ps1–2 (broadly lanceolate in  Ch. creelae ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFE8FFCBF387FF3EFAB6F829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFF3FFCFF387FF3EFEF4FC9E.text	194C87D0FFF3FFCFF387FF3EFEF4FC9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossipalpus Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Crossipalpus Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996</p>
            <p> Type species.  Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996 , by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12 pairs of thinly to broadly lanceolate setae; c2, d2, and e2 present; setae f2 absent; setae e2 close to marginal position; setae h2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5-segmented, setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3(1); anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 2 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps1–2) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsum without projections, smoothly rounded, completely concealing the gnathosoma; genital plate membranous, weakly developed; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1c; trochanters I–IV 1-1 -2-1; femora I–IV 3-3 -2-1; genua I–IV 1-1 -0-0 (ge I–II with either l′′ or d present); tibiae I–IV 4-4 -3-3; tarsi I–IV with or without tc′′. Setae v ′ added to tr IV in adult; v ′ added to tr I–III in deutonymph; l ′ added in protonymph. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than those of female.</p>
            <p> Species. Four species:  Cr. gersoni ,  Cr. muellerianae ,  Cr. raveni ,  Cr. verticillatae . </p>
            <p> Hosts and distribution.  Casuarinaceae , Australia. </p>
            <p> Remarks. All known  Crossipalpus species have the setal formula for genua I–IV 1-1 -0-0. In  Cr. muellerianae and  Cr. verticillatae , the seta present on ge I–II is l′′, but in the two new species,  Cr. gersoni and  Cr. raveni , the seta is d. This difference is an example of how setal counts alone can conceal useful information that only chaetotaxy can present. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFF3FFCFF387FF3EFEF4FC9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFF3FFC6F387FC23FB1DFECB.text	194C87D0FFF3FFC6F387FC23FB1DFECB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossipalpus muellerianae Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Crossipalpus muellerianae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996</p>
            <p>(Figs 13–18)</p>
            <p> Crossipalpus muellerianae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 174 , figs 19–20. </p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Slaty She-Oak  Allocasuarina muelleriana (Casuarinaceae) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Flinders Ranges, St Mary’s Peak, at 750 m, 3 October 1995, coll. W. Frost (WINC; on same slide as 7 paratype specimens). Paratypes. 2 females, 1 pharate female, 1 deutonymph, 3 protonymphs, 1 pharate larva, and 1 larva, same data as holotype (WINC; 2 slides, including holotype slide); deutonymph, same data as holotype, on slide with 2 females of Me.  delfinadae (WINC). Non-type material examined. 9 females, 3 pharate females, 3 deutonymphs, 1 pharate protonymph, and 1 larva ex.  A. muelleriana , AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Adelaide, Athelston, Maryvale Road, Wadmore Park, 34°52’49” S 138°42’10” E, 21 April 2009, coll. J.J. Beard and C.J. Burwell (QM, USNM) (BRI voucher BRI [AQ818802]). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal setae all thinly lanceolate and weakly barbed. Prodorsal setae v2 obviously longer than setae sc1. Palpal segments elongated, thin. Genua I–II with seta l ′′ without d; tarsi I–IV with seta tc′′.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 12). Dorsum. (Fig. 13 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 335–370 [345]; sc2- sc2 93–105 [105]; other measurements: v2-v 2 21–36 [29], sc1-sc1 79–89 [88], c1-c 1 14–24 [24], c2-c2 81–96 [93], c3-c3 115–130 [130], d1-d 1 19–27 [24], d2-d2 69–87 [85], d3-d3 99–115 [105], e1- e 1 13–18 [14], e2- e2 93–105 [97], e3- e3 82–94 [85], f3-f3 63–76 [72], h1-h 1 12–17 [12], h2-h2 41–52 [48]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded; setae v2 often inserted ventrally on anterior margin of prodorsum (Fig. 14). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with longitudinal to oblique folds and lines. Some transverse folds between dorsal shields, just anterior to c -setae. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed, mostly with oblique or longitudinal lines and weak folds; short series transverse folds across width of shield just anterior e1-e1; small areas of smooth cuticle between setae c1-c1 and d1-d1 and between d1-d2. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields mostly smooth, with few coarse striae and weak folds. Most dorsal setae thin and barbed; setae v2, sc2, e3, f2, f3, and h2 longer and thicker than other dorsal setae; setae h1 short, palmate to lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 21– 26 [23, 25], sc 1 8–13 [12], sc 2 11–20 [18, 19], c1 6–8 [7, 8], c 2 6–11 [9], c 3 10–16 [13, 14], d1 4–7 [5, 6], d2 6–9 [7, 9], d 3 10–15 [12, 13], e1 4 –8 [6, 7], e 2 10 –15 [14, 15], e 3 17 –22 [20], f 3 20–24 [22, 23], h 1 5–10 [7, 8], h 2 20– 24 [22, 23]. Palps. (Figs 13 b, 14) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1s+2e). Tibial seta 9–12 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 4– 7 [5] long (thin, tapered; could be seta), 5–8 [6, 7] long (thick, blunt); solenidion 4–6 [5, 6] long.</p>
            <p>Venter. (Figs 14, 15 a) Ventral cuticle of anterior prodorsal margin with coarse striae forming triangular pattern (Fig. 14); cuticle between setae 1a -3a with broadly separated transverse striae; fine longitudinal striae between setae 3a to just posterior setae 4a; narrow band of transverse striae ca. 10 wide posterior 4a, then fine longitudinal striae to ag; oblique striae between ag -ag forming inverted “v” shape; coarse striae laterad genital region, longitudinal to oblique. Genital setae widely separated, inserted on posterior corners of genital flap in more-or-less transverse row, g1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g2. Genital shield weakly developed, cuticle on genital flap between g setae with mixed oblique striae (g1-g1 33–36) anal setae ps1–2 inserted in longitudinal line along inner edge of anal plates; seta ps3 absent (Fig. 15 a). Coxal, genital and anal setae fine, except 2c thicker, weakly barbed; setae 1a, 3a, 4a long, finely tapered, often broken and difficult to determine full length. Setal lengths: 1a 48–82 [48, 57], 1b 19–32 [22, 23], 2b 17–29 [21, 26], 2c 18–24 [18, 19], 3a 38–81 [38], 3b 17–25 [22], 4a 40–78 [54], 4b 17–28 [25, 28], ag 1 10–16 [11], g 1 19–26 [24], g 2 18–25 [23], ps 1 9–14 [14], ps 2 9–14 [13]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 15 b) Spermathecal tube long, distinctly broad near external opening, becoming narrow and convoluted distally, maximum 2 wide, ca. 110 long. Spermatheca vesicle 10–13 long, 2–3 wide proximally, 3–5 wide distally. Genital opening between setae ps2 and posterior margin of genital flap. Legs. (Fig. 16) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-1-4-9(1), 2-1-3-1-4-9(1), 1-2-2-0-3-5, 1-1-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 5–7 [6] long, ta II 4–6 [6] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; genua I–II with l", without d; tarsi I–IV with tc". Setae v' added to tr IV.</p>
            <p>MALE. Unknown.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 17) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 285–305, sc2- sc2 83–91; other measurements: v2-v 2 18–21, sc1-sc1 66–75, c1-c 1 14–16, c2-c2 72–89, c3-c3 107–109, d1-d 1 16–18, d2-d2 64–78, d3-d3 86–99, e1- e 1 8–11, e2- e2 72–92, e3- e3 71–78, f3-f3 59–62, h1-h 1 12–15, h2-h2 42–46. Prodorsal shield similar to female, but with fewer folds, with central longitudinal folds and sublateral oblique folds. Opisthosoma with widely separated transverse folds between c1 and e1, and distinct oblique folds between c2-c3; paired minute pores present between c1-c2, d1-d2 and laterad e1. Setal lengths: v 2 29–35, sc 1 6–10, sc 2 13–20, c1 3–7, c2 4–7, c 3 8–12, d1 3–5, d2 4–7, d 3 9–11, e1 3 –6, e 2 9 –15, e 3 20 –24, f 3 22–26, h1 4–6, h 2 22–25. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 8–9 long; tarsal eupathidia 3–5 long (thin, blunt), 5–6 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 3–5 long. Venter. Cuticle with striae similar to adult female. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 35–49, 1 b 16–19, 2 b 12–18, 2 c 17–20, 3 a 34–40, 3 b 13–20, 4 a 35–41, 4 b 14–17, ag 1 8–11, g 1 10–17, ps1 7–8, ps 2 7–10. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) same as adult female except tr IV nude: 1-1-3- 1-4-9(1), 2-1-3-1-4-9(1), 1-2-2-0-3-5, 1-0-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 bulbous antiaxial solenidion ω" (3-4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5–6 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ′. Setae v' added to tr I–III.</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 195–200, sc2-sc2 73– 75; other measurements: v2-v 2 18–19, sc1-sc1 57–60, c1-c 1 11–13, c2-c2 62–64, c3-c3 93–100, d1-d 1 12–14, d2- d2 56–58, d3-d3 74–77, e1- e1 6–8, e2- e2 65–68, e3- e3 51–55, f3-f3 41–43, h1-h 1 9–11, h2-h 2 23–25. Prodorsal shield similar to female, but with fewer and much weaker folds. Setal lengths: v 2 24–25, sc1 6–7, sc 2 11–14, c 1 11–13, c2 5–7, c 3 9–11, d1 4–5, d2 5–6, d 3 7–10, e1 2 –4, e 2 10 –12, e 3 14 –17, f 3 16–18, h1 4–5, h 2 18–21. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 8 long; tarsal eupathidia both blunt 4, 5; solenidion 3–4 long. Venter. Cuticle with striae similar to adult. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28–39, 1 b 16–18, 2 b 15–16, 3 a 17–26, 3 b 11–14, ag1 8, ps1 6–7, ps2 7–8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-9(1), 1-0-3-0-4- 9(1), 1-1-2-0-3-5, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 3–4 long, ta II 3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c absent; seta 4b absent; tr I–II without seta v ′; ge I–II without seta l′′; ta IV without setae tc ′, tc′′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 2). Dorsum. (Fig. 18) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 140–160, sc2-sc2 61– 71; other measurements: v2-v 2 11–15, sc1-sc1 47–55, c1-c 1 10–11, c2-c2 55–58, c3-c3 82–90, d1-d 1 13–15, d2-d2 43–49, d3-d3 59–61, e1- e1 7–9, e2- e2 49–57, e3- e3 36–50, f3-f 3 21–28, h1-h1 5–9, h2-h 2 10–15. Prodorsum with central area smooth to finely striate; lateral cuticle with coarse longitudinal to oblique striae. Opisthosomal cuticle with mostly transverse striae, with some longitudinal striae posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 15–24, sc1 5–7, sc 2 9–13, c1 4–5, c2 4–6, c3 7–8, d1 3–5, d2 4–8, d3 6–7, e1 3 –4, e2 6 –8, e 3 10 –13, f 3 11–13, h1 4–5, h 2 15–17. Palps. (Fig. 18) Palps same as adult. Tibial seta length 6–8; tarsal eupathidia 3–4 long (blunt), 4–5 long (blunt); solenidion 2–3 long. Venter. Striae transverse to anal area, becoming longitudinal and coarse around anal area. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 21–37, 1 b 10–18, 3 a 22–33, ps1 6–7, ps2 5–8. Legs. (Fig. 18) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 bulbous antiaxial solenidion ω" (2–3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (4–5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I–III nude; ta I–III without seta tc ′, tc′′.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Smiley et al. (1996) remarked that this species was unique with the adult female having tarsi I–IV 6 (1)-6(1)-6-5. This is incorrect and the true count is 9(1)-9(1)-5-5. Individuals were found wedged within pits and crevices on the bark of stems of the host (Fig. 17).</p>
            <p> This species is very similar to  Cr. verticillatae but can be readily distinguished from it by the presence of setae tc'' on tarsi I–IV (absent in  Cr. verticillatae ), the finer palpal segments (stout in  Cr. verticillatae ), palmate setae h1 (lanceolate setae h 1 in  Cr. verticillatae ), and irregular dorsal reticulation (linear in  Cr. verticillatae ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFF3FFC6F387FC23FB1DFECB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFFAFFF9F387FE0BFB1FF913.text	194C87D0FFFAFFF9F387FE0BFB1FF913.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996</p>
            <p>(Figs 19–24)</p>
            <p> Crossipalpus verticillatae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 174 , figs 16–18. </p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Drooping She-Oak  Allocasuarina verticillata (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 10 km WNW Nairne, 0 9 September 1995, coll. W.E. Frost (WINC; 1 male paratype, deutonymph on same slide). Paratypes. 1 male, 1 deutonymph, same slide as holotype (WINC); 1 female, same data as holotype (WINC); 3 females, 1 male, and 1 deutonymph, ex. same host (tree #258) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Glen Osmond, Waite Institute Arboretum, 11 January 1996, coll. W.E. Frost (WINC; 1 slide); 1 female, 1 deutonymph, 4 protonymphs, and 3 larvae ex. same host [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 8 km south of Harrogate, 34.57 S 139.01 E, 10 November 1995, W.E. Frost (WINC; one slide); 1 pharate female, 1 male, 3 deutonymphs, and 1 protonymph, same data (except 5 km south of Harrogate) (WINC; one slide). </p>
            <p> Non-type material examined. 12 females, 1 male, 1 pharate male, 1 deutonymph, and 1 protonymph ex.  A. verticillata , AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Adelaide, Athelston, Maryvale Road, Wadmore Park, 34°52’51” S 138°42’09” E, 21 April 2009, coll. J.J. Beard and C.J. Burwell (QM, USNM) (BRI voucher BRI [AQ818801]). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal setae all broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed and subequal in length except c1, d1, e1, h1 distinctly short; prodorsal setae v2 subequal in length with sc1. Palpal segments as wide as long. Genua I–II with seta l′′, without d; tarsi I–IV without seta tc′′.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 18). Dorsum. (Fig. 19 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 310–330 [330]; sc2- sc2 105–110 [110]; other measurements: v2-v 2 20–25 [20], sc1-sc1 87–93 [90], c1-c 1 15–25 [19], c2-c2 120–130 [125], c3-c3 140–150 [140], d1-d 1 17–19 [19], d2-d2 95–105 [95], d3-d3 120–130 [120], e1- e 1 13–25 [21], e2-e2 110–115 [110], e3- e3 98–105 [98], f3-f3 78–89 [78], h1-h 1 12–19 [12], h2-h2 52–61 [52]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum; anterior margin of prodorsum rounded; setae v2 often inserted ventrally under anterior margin of prodorsum (similar to Fig. 14). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with broadly separated longitudinal central folds and oblique lateral folds; cuticle with fine network of folds laterally. Narrow band of fine transverse striae anterior to c1-c1. Opisthosoma with pair of weakly developed mesonotal shields capturing setae c1, c2, d1, d2; weakly developed pygidial shield capturing e1, e3, f2–3 and h1–2 setae, with weak oblique folds; band of transverse folds between d1-d1 and e1-e1; paired minute pores present between c1-c2, d1-d2, laterad e1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields wrinkled. Most dorsal setae broadly lanceolate and barbed; setae c1, d1, e1, h1 much shorter than other dorsal setae. Setal lengths: v 2 15–20 [15, 19], sc 1 17–20 [19, 20], sc 2 19–22 [21, 22], c1 6–7 [6, 7], c 2 13–17 [13, 16], c 3 19–21 [19. 21], d1 6–8 [7, 8], d 2 14–18 [14, 15], d 3 19–24 [20, 21], e1 6 –8 [6, 7], e 2 17 –22 [20, 21], e 3 20 –23 [20, 21], f 3 20–22 [20, 22], h 1 7–10 [7, 8], h 2 19–22 [19, 22]. Palps. (Fig. 19 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1s+2e). Tibial seta 8–10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 4–5 [5] long (thin, tapered), 5–6 [6] long (blunt); solenidion 5–6 [5]. Vent er. (Fig. 20) Ventral cuticle of gnathosoma to setae 1a transverse; striae longitudinal between 1a-1a; striae between 1a-3a transverse, between 3a-4a longitudinal; transverse striae 4a to just posterior 4a, becoming longitudinal to g1–2; longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Genital setae not widely separated (25), inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g2. Genital shield weakly developed, cuticle on genital flap between g setae with longitudinal to oblique striae; anal setae ps1–2 inserted in longitudinal line along inner edge of anal plates; seta ps3 absent. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine and weakly barbed, except 2c thicker and more strongly barbed; setae 1a, 3a, 4a long, finely tapered, often broken and difficult to determine full length. Setal lengths: 1a 52–59 [54, 58], 1b 22–25 [22, 24], 2b 21–25 [22, 24], 2c 15–19 [15, 16], 3a 45–68 [65, 68], 3b 21–24 [21, 23], 4a 46–52 [48, 51], 4b 20–24 [22, 24], ag 1 14–17 [14, 16], g 1 21–25 [22, 23], g 2 18–22 [20, 21], ps 1 12–13 [12, 13], ps 2 11–14 [11, 14]. Spermatheca. Spermatheca with a long coiled tube, with some granular texture along its length; tightly coiled and multi-branched distally. Distal vesicle not visible. Legs. (Fig. 21) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-1-4-8(1), 2-1-3-1-4-8(1), 1-2-2-0-3-4, 1-1- 1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (6–7 [6] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (7–8 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; genua I–II with l", without d; tarsi I–IV without tc′′. Setae v' added to tr IV.</p>
            <p>MALE (n = 5). Dorsum. (Fig. 22) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 230–250, sc2-sc2 87–91; other measurements: v2-v 2 12–18, sc1-sc1 61–66, c1-c 1 14–21, c2-c2 96–105, c3-c3 110–117, d1-d 1 8–12, d2-d2 74–79, d3-d3 90–96, e1- e 1 11–13, e2- e2 77–80, e3- e3 74–77, f3-f3 61–67, h1-h 1 6–10, h2-h2 38–42. Gnathosoma fully exposed, not concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum (Fig. 22). Four weak dorsal shields developed, separated by bands of transversely striate soft cuticle. Prodorsal shield similar to female. Mesonotal shield with 2 weak shields, weakly wrinkled or folded. Pygidial shield with weak longitudinal-oblique wrinkles or folds. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields with some weak papillae. Most dorsal setae short, lanceolate, barbed; setae c1, d1 and e1 much smaller than other setae. Setal lengths: v 2 14–18, sc 1 13–15, sc 2 16–20, c1 5–6, c 2 9–12, c 3 12–14, d1 5– 7, d 2 9–13, d 3 13–15, e1 5 –8, e 2 10 –15, e 3 14 –16, f 3 14–16, h1 7, h 2 14–15. Palps. (Fig. 22) Palps similar to female, except solenidion greatly swollen; solenidion 7–8 long, eupathidia 6–8 long (blunt), 5–6 long (thin, tapered). Venter. (Fig. 23 a) Cuticle with mostly transverse striae, with band of broadly separated transverse folds just posterior to leg IV; broadly separated transverse folds between ag and g1–2. Pair of large rounded, weakly developed shields laterad setae ag. Coxal setae fine. Setae 1a, 3a, 4a elongate, finely tapered, often broken. Setae ag1, g1–2, ps2 weakly barbed; setae ps1 modified, obviously thicker and stronger than ps2. Setal lengths: 1a 37– 49, 1 b 16–22, 2 b 15–22, 2 c 15–20, 3 a 34–68, 3 b 16–23, 4 a 31–63, 4 b 13–21, ag 1 11–13, g 1 11–14, g 2 12–17, ps 1 15–17, ps 2 7–10. Aedeagus. (Fig. 23 a) Narrow, sclerotised, finely tapered distally, 81–92. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus for about 40 then disappearing. Legs. (Fig. 23 b) Legs similar to female, except solenidia obviously swollen. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (10–11 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (7–9, 7– 8 long).</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 8). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 250–295, sc2-sc2 84– 100; other measurements: v2-v 2 17–23, sc1-sc1 70–87, c1-c 1 17–23, c2-c2 91–112, c3-c3 119–136, d1-d 1 15–22, d2-d2 70–93, d3-d3 86–106, e1- e 1 12–14, e2- e2 79–99, e3- e3 72–90, f3-f3 65–76, h1-h 1 14–16, h2-h2 41–52. Dorsal shields with patterns similar to adult female. Setal lengths: v 2 21–26, sc 1 17–22, sc 2 19–24, c1 5–7, c 2 14– 19, c 3 16–22, d1 5–6, d 2 16–21, d 3 18–22, e1 5 –7, e 2 19 –25, e 3 20 –24, f 3 19–24, h1 6–8, h 2 16–23. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 8–9 long; tarsal eupathidia 4–5 long (thin, tapered), 5–7 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 3– 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with longitudinal striae between 1a-1a; transverse striae between 1a-4a, with mixed striae 4a-4a; transverse striae just posterior to 4a becoming longitudinal to setae g1; transverse striae between g1-ps1, with longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Coxal setae fine and finely barbed, except setae 2c thicker and more heavily barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 31–52, 1 b 12–22, 2 b 12–21, 2 c 19–22, 3 a 32–57, 3 b 13–16, 4 a 20–42, 4 b 12–18, ag 1 13–16, g 1 12–19, ps 1 9–13, ps 2 10–15. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) same as adult female except tr IV nude: 1-1-3-1-4-8(1), 2-1-3-1-4-8(1), 1-2-2-0-3-4, 1-0-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 6, 6 long; ta II 5–6, 5–6 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ′. Setae v' added to tr I–III.</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 6). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 190–250, sc2-sc2 75– 91; other measurements: v2-v 2 13–17, sc1-sc1 60–76, c1-c 1 5–15, c2-c2 85–105, c3-c3 101–130, d1-d 1 10–12, d2- d2 61–77, d3-d3 66–97, e1- e 1 7–12, e2- e2 68–88, e3- e3 51–71, f3-f3 41–54, h1-h 1 8–12, h2-h 2 22–30. Prodorsal shield weakly developed, with similar cuticle pattern to female. Anterior opisthosoma with 2 pairs of weakly developed platelets, between c1-c2 and d1-d2; platelets with few transverse folds. Setae in rows E, F, H inserted on weakly formed pygidial shield, with few oblique folds. Striae of idiosoma similar to deutonymph. Setal lengths: v 2 22–24, sc 1 14–18, sc 2 17–20, c1 5–6, c 2 12–17, c 3 13–16, d1 4–5, d 2 17–18, d 3 15–19, e1 4 –7, e 2 19 –22, e 3 16 – 19, f 3 16–19, h1 5–7, h 2 17–18. Palps. Palps similar to deutonymph except tibial seta 6–8 long; tarsal eupathidia 3–4 long (thin, tapered), 4–5 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 3–4 long. Venter. Cuticle between 1a-1a with longitudinal striae; striae 1a and leg III with transverse striae; cuticle between leg III to IV with longitudinal striae; cuticle between legs IV transverse to oblique near ag; cuticle between ag-ag mixed; cuticle laterad genital-anal region longitudinal. Setal lengths: 1a 25–54, 1 b 13–24, 2 b 15–16, 3 a 22–49, 3 b 10–14, ag 1 9–13, ps1 7–9, ps2 7– 9. Setae 2c, 4a, 4b, g1, g2 absent. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3–4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I with both 5–6 long; ta II 5–6, 4–6 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c absent; seta 4b absent; tr I– III without seta v ′; ge I–II without seta l′′; ta IV without setae tc ′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 24 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 135–180, sc2-sc2 74– 79; other measurements: v2-v 2 13–15, sc1-sc1 56–60, c1-c 1 8–10, c2-c2 72–80, c3-c3 104–108, d1-d 1 9–10, d2-d2 49–51, d3-d3 70–71, e1- e1 7–8, e2- e2 62–65, e3- e3 49–65, f3-f3 33–41, h1-h1 6–9, h2-h 2 18–28. Dorsal shields not developed; dorsal cuticle with few weak transverse folds. Lateral setae lanceolate, obviously barbed; central setae short, weakly barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 22–25, sc 1 14–16, sc 2 19–21, c1 4–6, c 2 12–14, c 3 13–14, d1 4–7, d 2 14–16, d 3 15–19, e1 5, e 2 13 –19, e 3 15 –18, f 3 16–19, h1 5–6, h 2 15–20. Palps. (Fig. 24 a) Palps same as deutonymph. Tibial seta 5–6 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long; solenidion 2–3 long. Venter. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 23–33, 1 b 11–19, 3 a 20–26, ps1 4–7, ps2 4–6. Legs. (Fig. 24 b) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (2–3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I–III nude; ta I–III without seta tc ′.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This species is very similar to  Cr. muellerianae but can be readily distinguished by lacking setae tc'' on tarsi I–IV (present in  Cr. muellerianae ), the stouter palpal segments (finer in  Cr. muellerianae ), lanceolate setae h1 (more palmate in  Cr. muellerianae ), and irregular dorsal reticulation (linear in  Cr. muellerianae ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFFAFFF9F387FE0BFB1FF913	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFC5FFF1F387F8A3FBFAFB0F.text	194C87D0FFC5FFF1F387F8A3FBFAFB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossipalpus gersoni Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Crossipalpus gersoni Beard and Seeman sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 25–31)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. stems of  Allocasuarina luehmannii (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: Queensland, near Mount Slopeaway, on the old Marlborough-Sarina Road, 22°52’16” S 149°50’28” E, 19 March 2005, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 14 females, 6 males, 4 deutonymphs, 3 protonymphs, and 4 larvae, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC, USNM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal setae short, broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed; dorsal setae subequal in length except c1, d1, e1, h1 obviously shorter. Palpal segments as wide as long. Genua I–II with seta d, without l′′; tarsi I–IV without seta tc′′. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p>Female (n = 15). Dorsum. (Fig. 25 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 275–325 [325]; sc2- sc2 88–110 [110]; other measurements: v2-v 2 19–22 [22], sc1-sc1 69–89 [89], c1-c 1 29–37 [37], c2-c2 105–125 [125], c3-c3 125–145 [145], d1-d 1 23–28 [28], d2-d2 89–110 [110], d3-d3 105–130 [130], e1- e 1 6–17 [6], e2- e2 92–120 [120], e3- e3 83–100 [100], f3-f3 71–89 [89], h1-h 1 14–18 [17], h2-h2 49–58 [58]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum (Fig. 26). Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded. Seta v2 inserted dorsally, though its setal base is sometimes partially concealed by an anterior fold (Fig. 25 a). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with papillate-rugose sculpturing laterally, longitudinal grooves medially. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed with rugose to lineate pattern, becoming weakly rugose medially between setae d1-e1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields rugose-papillate. Most dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; medial opisthosomal setae shorter than lateral setae, palmate. Setal lengths: v 2 13–17 [17], sc 1 15–19 [19], sc 2 15–21 [21], c 1 8–11 [11], c 2 13–15 [15], c 3 15–22 [22], d1 5–9 [9], d 2 12–14 [14], d 3 13–18 [18], e1 4 –7 [7], e 2 14 –17 [17], e 3 14 –17 [17], f 3 15–18 [18], h1 5–7 [7], h 2 13–17 [17]. Palps. (Figs 25 b, 26) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1s+2e). Tibial seta 6–8 [6] long; tarsal eupathidia 6 long, 5–6 [5] long; solenidion 5–6 [6] long. Vent er. (Figs 26, 27 a) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1a -3a, longitudinal between setae 3a -4a, then convex for 20–30, striae longitudinal posterior to setae 4a; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g2. Genital shield smooth, poorly developed, ca. 15–20 [16] long, 35–40 [38] wide; anal setae ps1–2 inserted medially on anal plates in longitudinal line; seta ps3 absent. Coxal setae fine, except 2c heavily barbed; setae ag1, g1–2, ps1–2 lanceolate. Setal lengths: 1a 44–55 [44], 1b 20–26 [25], 2b 13–19 [19], 2c 14–17 [17], 3a 35–50 [50], 3b 12–22 [22], 4a 40–46 [45], 4b 13–17 [17], ag 1 9–11 [11], g 1 12–15 [15], g 2 12–14 [13], ps 1 7–11 [11], ps 2 8–10 [10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 27 b) Spermathecal tube long, distinctly broad near external opening, becoming narrow and convoluted distally, maximum 2 wide, ca. 100 long. Thickened part of tube 52–56 long. Spermatheca vesicle not visible. Genital opening between setae ps2. Legs. (Fig. 28) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-1-4-8(1), 2-1-3-1-4-8(1), 1-2-2-0-3-4, 1-1-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (7–8 [8] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7 [7] long, 6–8 [8] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; genua I–II with d, without l ′ and l′′; tarsi I–IV without tc′′. Setae v' added to tr IV.</p>
            <p>MALE (6 paratypes). Dorsum. (Figs 29, 30 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 195–225, sc2-sc2 76–81; other measurements: v2-v 2 11–13, sc1-sc1 56–63, c1-c 1 25–28, c2-c2 78–87, c3-c3 99–110, d1-d 1 10–14, d2-d2 68–71, d3-d3 79–87, e1- e1 7–8, e2- e2 67–71, e3- e3 61–65, f3-f3 52–58, h1-h 1 8–10, h2-h 2 30–40. Gnathosoma not concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smooth, weakly convex. Prodorsal shield weakly developed. Opisthosoma with mesonotal shield (appearing as a pair of shields) on which at least setae c1, d1 and d2 inserted, with weak rugose-lineate pattern; and pygidial shield with at least setae e1, e3, f3, h2 inserted, with oblique-longitudinal weakly lineate pattern; setae h1 often under posterior extension of pygidial shield (Fig. 30 a); shields separated by transverse striae; cuticle laterad mesonotal shield papillate; several minute pores visible on shields. Setal lengths: v 2 13–15, sc 1 13–17, sc 2 15–18, c 1 9–11, c 2 10–12, c 3 12–17, d1 8–9, d 2 10–12, d 3 12–16, e1 5, e 2 13 –15, e 3 12 –16, f 3 13–14, h1 6–7, h 2 12–14. Palps. (Fig. 29) Palps similar to female.</p>
            <p>Tibial seta 8 long; tarsal eupathidia 5–6, 6 long; solenidion 7 long. Venter. (Figs 30 b, c) All striae transverse, becoming coarse on opisthogaster and weak around setae ag1. Coxal setae fine, except 2c narrowly lanceolate. Setae ag1, g2 thick, barbed; g1, ps2 thin, barbed; setae ps1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic) (Figs 29; 30a, b). Setal lengths: 1a 33–40, 1 b 23–25, 2 b 18–20, 2 c 10–15, 3 a 42–45, 3 b 10–12, 4 a 36–45, 4 b 10– 14, ag 1 7–10, g 1 7–10, g 2 10–11, ps 1 13–16, ps2 6. Aedeagus. (Figs 30 c, d) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 55–61 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. (Fig. 29) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 9–10 long, ta II 9 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 5–6, 6 long; ta II 6, 6 long). Solenidia much thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (4 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 215–250, sc2-sc2 71–87; other measurements: v2-v 2 18–22, sc1-sc1 57–67, c1-c1 22, c2-c2 76–90, c3-c3 97–113, d1-d 1 15–20, d2- d2 56–68, d3-d3 77–94, e1- e 1 7–11, e2- e2 68–81, e3- e3 62–78, f3-f3 52–62, h1-h 1 11–13, h2-h2 35–39. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with oblique-longitudinal striations. Opisthosoma with setae c1, d1 and d2 on paired, weak platelets. Striae transverse, becoming convex posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 12–18, sc 1 16–17, sc 2 16–20, c 1 11–13, c 2 14–17, c 3 13–16, d 1 8–11, d 2 13–17, d 3 14–17, e1 5, e 2 14 –17, e 3 14 –15, f 3 13–15, h1 6–8, h 2 13–16. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 6 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long, solenidion 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae anteriorly, longitudinal between setae 3a-4a, then transverse, becoming concave, to ag1, then transverse and coarse to posterior margin. Coxal setae fine, except 2c barbed; setae ag1 narrowly lanceolate, g1 barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 35–40, 1 b 12–16, 2 b 11–17, 2 c 12–14, 3 a 26–36, 3 b 10–15, 4 a 27–30, 4 b 10–15, ag 1 8– 10, g 1 8–12, ps1 6–8, ps2 6–8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-1-4-8(1), 2-1-3-1-4-8(1), 1- 2-2-0-3-4, 1-0-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 4–6 long, ta II 4–5 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5, 5–6 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ′. Setae v' added to tr I–III.</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (3 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 158–181, sc2-sc2 64–70; other measurements: v2-v 2 16–19, sc1-sc1 52–57, c1-c 1 16–24, c2-c2 63–76, c3-c3 97–99, d1-d 1 16–17, d2-d2 49–51, d3-d3 67–73, e1- e1 6, e2- e2 64–67, e3- e3 57–61, f3-f3 43–44, h1-h 1 22–24, h2-h2 7–9. Prodorsal shield weakly developed. Opisthosoma with setae c1, d1 and d2 on paired, weak platelets. Striae of idiosoma similar to deutonymph. Setal lengths: v 2 13–15, sc 1 14–15, sc 2 14–15, c 1 12–13, c 2 14–16, c 3 13–14, d1 11, d 2 13–14, d3 14, e1 4 –5, e2 12, e 3 14 –15, f 3 9–13, h1 4–5, h 2 9–15. Palps. Palps similar to deutonymph except solenidion 3 long. Venter. Same as deutonymph. Coxal setae fine, except 2b, ag1 barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 36, 1 b 11–13, 2 b 13–16, 3 a 30, 3 b 9, ag1 7, ps1 5, ps2 5–6. Setae 2c, 4a, 4b, g1, g2 absent. Legs. Setal formula for legs I– IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5, 4–5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c absent; seta 4b absent; tr I–III without seta v ′; ge I–II without seta d; ta IV without setae tc ′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (4 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 31) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 130–150, sc2-sc2 55–60; other measurements: v2-v 2 13–15, sc1-sc1 43–49, c1-c 1 12–16, c2-c2 51–55, c3-c3 84–85, d1-d 1 13–15, e1- e1 4–5, e2- e2 57–62, e3- e3 38–44, f3-f 3 11–13, h1-h1 5–7, h2-h 2 10–13. Prodorsal shield weakly formed, 58– 60 long, 61–66 wide, with few irregular striations. Opisthosomal shields absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae becoming oblique posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 11–14, sc 1 12–13, sc 2 14–15, c1 10, c 2 12–14, c3 11, d 1 9–11, d 2 11–14, d 3 11–13, e1 3 –4, e 2 11 –15, e 3 11 –12, f 3 11–13, h1 4–5, h 2 11–14. Palps. (Fig. 31 a) Palps same as deutonymph. Tibial seta 5–6 long; tarsal eupathidia 2, 3 long, solenidion 2–3 long. Venter. (Fig. 31 b) Striation same as deutonymph. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 17–27, 1 b 9–13, 3 a 25–33, ps1 4–5, ps2 4–5. Legs. (Fig. 31 c) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 4, 4 long; ta II 5, 5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I–III nude; ta I–III without seta tc ′.</p>
            <p>Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species for our colleague and friend Prof. Uri Gerson, in recognition of his acarological works, especially those on the Tegopalpinae.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Crossipalpus gersoni sp. nov. was found on Bull-Oak  Allocasuarina luehmannii in  Eucalyptus fibrosa woodland on red soil, with vine thicket in small patches. </p>
            <p> This species is similar to  Cr. raveni sp. nov. , as they both have seta d present on ge I–II, but  Cr. gersoni has spatulate setae d on femora and genua I–II (lanceolate in  Cr. raveni ), and posterior ventral setae are thick, broadly lanceolate and strongly barbed (thin, setiform and weakly barbed in  Cr. raveni ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFC5FFF1F387F8A3FBFAFB0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFCDFFE8F387FB52FB0CFF57.text	194C87D0FFCDFFE8F387FB52FB0CFF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crossipalpus raveni Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Crossipalpus raveni Beard and Seeman sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 32–37)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Woolly Oak  Allocasuarina inophloia (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Moonie Highway, 90 km W Moonie, 27°56’57” S 149°31’19” E, 0 5 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM; BRI voucher PIF32483). Paratypes. 9 females, 5 males, and 4 larvae, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC, USNM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal setae lanceolate, strongly barbed; setae e1 shortest. Palpal segments as wide as long. Genua I–II with seta d, without l′′; tarsi I–IV without tc′′. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 10). Dorsum. (Fig. 32 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 310–365 in 9 paratypes [355]; sc2-sc2 100–110 [110]; other measurements: v2-v 2 22–24 [24], sc1-sc1 86–98 [98], c1-c 1 15–22 [22], c2-c2 100–115 [115], c3-c3 125–145 [135], d1-d 1 14–21 [21], d2-d2 85–95 [94], d3-d3 110–120 [120], e1- e 1 14–18 [16], e2-e2 100–110 [110], e3- e3 89–100 [95], f3-f3 70–80 [73], h1-h 1 12–17 [13], h2-h2 35–54 [48]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with oblique grooves laterally, longitudinal grooves medially. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed with oblique-longitudinal lineate grooves, becoming transverse between setae d1-e1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields smooth. Dorsal setae lanceolate, barbed; setae e1 shorter than other setae. Setal lengths: v 2 21– 25 [22], sc 1 20–25 [20], sc 2 20–22 [20], c 1 15–19 [15], c 2 14–20 [16], c 3 17–21 [18], d 1 12–19 [15], d 2 14–21 [18], d 3 17–21 [18], e1 7 –9 [8], e 2 17 –24 [19], e 3 17 –24 [20], f 3 18–23 [21], h 1 9–12 [11], h 2 21–24 [21]. Palps. (Fig. 32 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3 (1s+2e). Tibial seta 9–11 [9] long; tarsal eupathidia 6 [6], 5 [5] long; solenidion 4–5 [4] long. Venter. (Fig. 33 a) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between setae 1a -3a, longitudinal between setae 3a -4a, then convex for 20–30 Μm, striae longitudinal posterior to setae 4a; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row, g1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g2. Genital shield smooth, poorly developed; anal setae ps1–2 inserted medially on anal plates in longitudinal line; seta ps3 absent. Coxal setae fine, 2c barbed; setae ag1, g1–2, ps1–2 fine, with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 64–83 [64], 1b 18–30 [21], 2b 18–25 [18], 2c 18–21 [19], 3a 35–66 [35], 3b 16–22 [17], 4a 42–92 [45], 4b 14–26 [15], ag 1 14–18 [14], g 1 20–24 [21], g 2 18–23 [19], ps 1 11–16 [14], ps 2 10–13 [13]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 33 b) Spermathecal tube long, becoming narrow and sometimes convoluted distally, maximum 2 wide, ca. 80 long. Spermatheca vesicle not oval-shaped, 4 long, 2 wide. Genital opening between setae ps2. Legs. (Fig. 34) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-1-4-8(1), 2-1-3-1-4-8(1), 1-2-2-0-3-4, 1-1-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (5–6 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (7–8 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; genua I–II with d, without l′′; tarsi I–IV without tc′′. Setae v' added to tr IV.</p>
            <p>MALE (5 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 35) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 245–265, sc2-sc2 83–91; other measurements: v2-v 2 13–17, sc1-sc1 69–74, c1-c 1 12–17, c2-c2 85–94, c3-c3 96–112, d1-d 1 11–13, d2-d2 69–74, d3-d3 78–87, e1- e 1 11–17, e2- e2 73–81, e3- e3 69–77, f3-f3 57–66, h1-h 1 7–10, h2-h2 35–43. Gnathosoma not concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smooth, weakly convex. Prodorsal shield weakly developed. Opisthosoma with mesonotal shield (appearing as a pair of shields) on which at least setae c1, d1 and d2 inserted, with weak rugose-lineate pattern; and pygidial shield with at least setae e1, e3, f3, h2 inserted, with oblique-longitudinal weakly lineate pattern; setae h1 often under posterior overhang of pygidial shield; shields separated by transverse striae; cuticle laterad mesonotal shield smooth with few papillations; several minute pores visible on shields. Setal lengths: v 2 19–24, sc 1 16–19, sc 2 15–20, c 1 9–14, c 2 11–16, c 3 15–17, d 1 7– 13, d 2 9–15, d 3 12–18, e1 6 –8, e 2 14 –17, e 3 15 –18, f 3 15–19, h 1 7–10, h 2 15–19. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial seta 8–10 long; tarsal eupathidia 6–7, 5–6 long; solenidion 7–8 long, swollen. Venter. (Fig. 36 a) All striae transverse, becoming coarse posteriorly and weak around setae ag1. Coxal setae fine, except 2c barbed. Setae ag1 barbed; g1, g2, ps2 fine; setae ps1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 47–52, 1 b 19–27, 2 b 19–24, 2 c 13–21, 3 a 46–60, 3 b 17–21, 4 a 37–48, 4 b 15–18, ag 1 13–16, g 1 11–15, g 2 15–20, ps 1 15–16, ps 2 8–11. Aedeagus. (Fig. 36 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 67–70 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. (Fig. 35) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 9–11 long, ta II 9–10 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 6–7, 5–6; ta II 7, 7–8). Solenidia much thicker and longer than those in female.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH and PROTONYMPH. Unknown.</p>
            <p>LARVA (4 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 37) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 170–180, sc2-sc2 61–64; other measurements: v2-v 2 15–16, sc1-sc1 51–55, c1-c1 8–9, c2-c2 58–60, c3-c3 84–87, d1-d 1 11–13, e1- e1 5–6, e2- e2 53–54, e3- e3 40–44, f3-f3 34–35, h1-h1 5–7, h2-h 2 13–17. Prodorsal shield obsolete. Opisthosomal shields absent; sparse irregular transverse striae anteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 24–27, sc 1 12–16, sc 2 15–17, c 1 17– 22, c 2 15–17, c 3 10–11, d 1 15–20, d 2 14–18, d 3 11–12, e1 4 –8, e 2 15 –17, e 3 14 –17, f 3 16–19, h1 5–6, h 2 18–19. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial seta 6–7 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long, solenidion 2 long. Venter. Transverse striae, becoming oblique around anal region. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 21–28, 1 b 13–16, 3 a 16–30, ps1 4–6, ps2 4–6. Legs. (Fig. 37) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (4–5 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except genua I–III without l ′. Trochanters I–III nude.</p>
            <p>Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species for our colleague and friend Dr Robert Raven, in recognition of his support for our work and his immense contribution to Arachnology.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Crossipalpus raveni sp. nov. is similar to  Cr. gersoni sp. nov. , as they both have seta d present on ge I–II, but  Cr. raveni has lanceolate setae d on femora and genua I–II (spatulate in  Cr. gersoni ), and posterior ventral setae are thin, setiform and weakly barbed (broadly lanceolate and strongly barbed in  Cr. gersoni ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFCDFFE8F387FB52FB0CFF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFD4FFE8F387FEEAFCA8FC49.text	194C87D0FFD4FFE8F387FEEAFCA8FC49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magdalenapalpus Mesa, Welbourn and Evans 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Magdalenapalpus Mesa, Welbourn and Evans, 2009</p>
            <p> Type species.  Meyeraepalpus strandtmanni Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996 , by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12 or 13 pairs of lanceolate setae; c2, d2, and e2 present; seta f2 present or absent; setae e2 inserted in more-or-less marginal position; setae h2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5-segmented, setal formula 0,0,0,2,3(1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches, gnathosoma not concealed; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps1–3) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsum deeply incised, forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each lobe bearing setae v2 (also in male); gnathosoma partially concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum (also in male); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without setae 1c; trochanters I–IV 0-0-1-0 (v ′ absent on tr I–IV; l ′ present on tr III); femora I–IV 3-3 -2-1; genua 1-1-0-0 (d present on ge I–II); tibiae 4-4-3-3; tarsi I–IV 8 (1)-8(1)-4-4 (without tc′′). Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p> Species. Three species:  M. strandtmanni ,  M. caperatus ,  M. forsteri . </p>
            <p> Hosts and distribution.  Casuarinaceae , Australia. </p>
            <p>Remarks. The new species described herein differ from the type species by lacking seta f2. Although this is an important difference, these species share the same leg setation, a deeply incised prodorsum with setae v2 inserted on the resultant lobes, and a partially concealed gnathosoma.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFD4FFE8F387FEEAFCA8FC49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFD4FFEDF387FB9FFCBFFF57.text	194C87D0FFD4FFEDF387FB9FFCBFFF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni (Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996) Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni (Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996)</p>
            <p>(Figs 38–41)</p>
            <p> Meyeraepalpus strandtmanni Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 178 , fig. 26.  Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni, Mesa et al. 2009: 61 , fig. 35. </p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Bull-Oak  Allocasuarina luehmannii (Casuarinaceae) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, 16 km E Mt Mary, 16 December 1995, coll. W. Frost (WINC; on same slide as paratype female and 1 deutonymph). Paratypes. 1 female, 1 deutonymph, same slide as holotype (WINC); 1 female, 1 larva, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (1 slide); 1 deutonymph, 3 protonymphs, same data as holotype (1 slide, with 1 female  Chaudhripalpus creelae ); 2 females, 1 deutonymph, 1 pharate protonymph, same data as holotype (1 slide); 2 females, 2 deutonymphs, 1 pharate deutonymph, 2 protonymphs, 1 larva, same data as holotype (1 slide); 1 female, same data as holotype except 28 February 1996 (on slide with 1 female  Chaudhripalpus creelae ); 1 female, same data as holotype except 28 February1996 (on slide with 1 female, 1 deutonymph  Chaudhripalpus creelae ) (WINC). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 present. Dorsal setae all broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed, subequal in length. Posterior opisthosomal venter with setae fine, barbed, except setae ps1 thickened, heavily barbed.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 9). Dorsum. (Fig. 38) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 230–250 in 8 paratypes [230]; sc2-sc2 86–96 [86]; other measurements: v2-v2 36 –43 [42], sc1-sc1 78–84 [81], c1-c 1 31–39 [31], c2-c2 87–96 [87], c3-c3 125–140 [125], d1-d 1 22–27 [22], d2-d2 73–96 [73], d3-d3 105–120 [105], e1- e 1 21–26 [24], e2- e2 71–92 [74], e3- e3 93–105 [95], f2-f2 62–73[65], f3-f3 72–86 [72], h1-h 1 21–27 [27], h2-h2 49–57 [57]. Gnathosoma almost completely concealed beneath prodorsum (Fig. 38). Anterior margin of prodorsum with notch between setae v2, 8–15 [13] deep; setae v2 inserted on anterior lobes formed by notch (Fig. 38). Prodorsal shield weakly developed with weak oblique folds and lines. Opisthosomal shield weakly developed, mostly with weak transverse folds and lines, becoming longitudinal between e1-e1 and h1-h1. Dorsal setae broadly lanceolate and strongly barbed, subequal in length; Setal lengths: v 2 23–30 [28], sc 1 22–27 [25], sc 2 24–29 [28], c 1 26–31 [27, 31], c 2 27–32 [29, 31], c 3 21–24 [22, 24], d 1 21–25 [23], d 2 22–27 [24, 26], d 3 19–26 [24, 26], e 1 19 –27 [24, 27], e 2 22 –28 [26, 28], e 3 22 –27 [27], f 3 23–29 [29], h 1 19–28 [28], h 2 23–31 [25, 28]. Palps. (Fig. 38) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7–11 [7] long, ventral 7–10 [7] long; tarsal eupathidia 6–7 [6] long (thin, tapered), 7–8 [7] long (thick, blunt); solenidion 6–7 [6, 7] long. Venter. (Fig. 39) Ventral cuticle with longitudinal striae between 1a -1a; with transverse striae between 1a to just posterior to setae 4a, becoming longitudinal to ag; striae between ag -ag mixed, with transverse striae on anterior of genital flap; longitudinal striae laterad genital region. Genital setae inserted on posterior corners of genital flap in more-or-less transverse row, g1 inserted slightly posterior to level of g2. Genital shield not developed, cuticle on genital flap smooth; setae ps1–2 inserted in longitudinal line along inner edge of anal plates. Coxal, genital and anal setae ps2–3 fine; setae ps1 heavily barbed; setae 1a, 3a, 4a long, finely tapered, often broken and difficult to determine full length. Setal lengths: 1a 30–47 [31, 38], 1b 18–26 [19, 21], 2b 14–22 [17], 2c 15–27 [19], 3a 31–45 [not visible], 3b 16–22 [21], 4a 30–37 [not visible], 4b 18–21 [21], ag 1 19–24 [19], g 1 18–24 [21], g 2 18–24 [22], ps 1 15–18 [16], ps 2 15–20 [16], ps 3 12–20 [12]. Spermatheca. Not visible. Legs. (Fig. 40) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-8(1), 2-0-3-1- 4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 1-0-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 9-11 [10] long, ta II 8-11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 6–8 [7–8] long, 6–7 [7] long; ta II with both 6–7 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; trochanters I–IV 0-0-1-0 (v ′ absent on tr I–IV; l' present on tr IV); ge I–IV 1- 1 -0-0 (d present ge I–II); ta I–IV without tc′′.</p>
            <p>MALE. Unknown.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (6 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 198–219, sc2-sc2 75–82; other measurements: v2-v 2 27–33, sc1-sc1 67–75, c1-c 1 28–33, c2-c2 75–76, c3-c3 115–120, d1-d 1 23–30, d2-d2 58–65, d3-d3 94–101, e1- e 1 18–21, e2- e2 63–72, e3- e3 81–89, f3-f3 44–54, h1-h1 65–71, h2-h 2 21–23. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Prodorsal shield similar to female, but with fewer folds; opisthosomal shield weak, with some weak transverse folds. Setal lengths: v 2 27–32, sc 1 22–25, sc 2 24–27, c 1 25–28, c 2 26–28, c 3 21–23, d 1 20–23, d 2 20–25, d 3 21–24, e 1 19 –24, e 2 21 –23, e 3 21 –26, f 2 20–27, f 3 20–26, h 1 18–22, h 2 19–24. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 9–10 long, ventral 7–8 long; tarsal eupathidia 5 long (thin, tapered), 6 long (thick, blunt); solenidion 5–6 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1a with longitudinal striae; 1a-4a with transverse striae; between 4a-4a with mixed striae; immediately posterior 4a with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal to ag; longitudinal striae around genital-anal region. Setal lengths: 1a 30–38, 1 b 13–16, 2 b 13–20, 2 c 14–20, 3 a 28–31, 3 b 12–14, 4 a 23–28, 4 b 12–14, ag 1 12–14, g 1 12–16, ps 1 8–10, ps 2 10–12, ps 3 10–12. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV same as adult female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 5 long, ta II 4–5 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 6, 5–6 long; ta II with both 5 long).</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (6 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 145–180, sc2-sc2 68–73; other measurements: v2-v 2 25–29, sc1-sc1 62–66, c1-c 1 24–28, c2-c2 68–72, c3-c3 100–110, d1-d 1 20–25, d2-d2 51–57, d3-d3 81–86, e1- e 1 12–19, e2- e2 53–66, e3- e3 65–69, f2-f2 44–59, f3-f3 46–51, h1-h 1 13–29, h2-h 2 19–33. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Setal lengths: v 2 25–28, sc 1 17–22, sc 2 18–24, c 1 21–23, c 2 19– 23, c 3 15–18, d 1 19–21, d 2 16–22, d 3 17–20, e 1 17 –21, e 2 16 –19, e 3 17 –20, f 2 16–19, f 3 14–19, h 1 15–20, h 2 15– 20. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 8–9 long, ventral 6–7 long; tarsal eupathidia 4–5, 5–6 long; solenidion 3–4 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1a with longitudinal striae; 1a to leg IV with transverse striae; leg IV to posterior margin with longitudinal striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 24– 29, 1 b 13–16, 2 b 12–18, 3 b 21–28, ag 12–20, ps1 7–8, ps2 7–8, ps3 7–8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3–4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c, 4b absent; genu I–II without d; tarsi IV without tc ′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (2 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 41 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 130–140, sc2- sc2 61–63; other measurements: v2-v 2 21–23, sc1-sc1 51–53, c1-c 1 21–23, c2-c2 57–59, c3-c3 92–95, d1-d 1 12– 15, d2-d2 43–48, d3-d3 67–69, e1- e1 8–9, e2- e2 45–48, e3- e3 51–53, f2-f2 34–37, f3-f 3 29–37, h1-h 1 9–11, h2-h 2 16–20. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Setal lengths: v 2 22–24, sc 1 17–18, sc 2 16–19, c 1 19–21, c 2 17– 19, c 3 12–14, d 1 15–16, d 2 14–16, d 3 12–13, e 1 16 –17, e 2 13 –14, e 3 12 –13, f 2 13–14, f 3 11–14, h 1 13–14, h 2 13– 14. Palps. Palps same as adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6–8 long, ventral 7 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle on gnathosoma to 1a with longitudinal striae; 1a to leg IV with transverse striae; leg IV to posterior margin with some longitudinal striae. All setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 25–33, 1 b 12–14, 3 a 26–27, ps1 5, ps2 5, ps3 5. Legs. (Fig. 41 b, c) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0- 3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 bulbous antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 3 long, ta II 2–3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I–III nude; ta I–III without seta tc ′.</p>
            <p> Remarks. In our specimens, leg setae counts are markedly different to those presented by Smiley et al. (1996), who reported that coxa I had two setae (only one seta is present), the trochanters had 1-1-2-1 (our count 0-0-1-0, i.e. l ′ present on only tr III, v ′ absent on tr I–IV), the genua had 3-3-1-0 (our count 1-1-0-0), and the tarsi had 7(1)- 7(1)-5-5 (our count 8(1)-8(1)-4-4). They also reported that seta 4a was absent, but it is present.  Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni differs from the new species presented here by the presence of dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 (absent in  M. caperatus and  M. forsteri ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFD4FFEDF387FB9FFCBFFF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFD1FFE7F387FEEAFBD9FD93.text	194C87D0FFD1FFE7F387FEEAFBD9FD93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magdalenapalpus caperatus Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Magdalenapalpus caperatus Beard and Seeman sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 42–47)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Coastal She-Oak  Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory, Darwin, Nightcliffe Boat Ramp, 12º22’46” S 130º50’34” E, 19 May 2008, coll. J.J. Beard and R. Ochoa (MAGNT). Paratypes. Same data as holotype: 21 females, 1 pharate female, 5 deutonymphs, 7 protonymphs, 15 larvae (24 slides) (MAGNT, QM, ANIC, USNM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 absent. Dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed, subequal in length. Prodorsal and opisthosomal shield with extensive rugose and wrinkled sculpturing; lateral cuticle smooth. Dorsal opisthosomal setae d1-d 1 26–30, e1- e 1 23–25 apart. Posterior opisthosomal venter with thickened, barbed setae.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 22). Dorsum. (Figs 42, 43) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 275–300 [290]; sc2-sc2 98–105 [105]; other measurements: v2-v2 32 –35 [35], sc1-sc1 76–78 [77], c1-c 1 31–35 [35], c2-c2 59–77 [59], c3-c3 135–145 [145], d1-d 1 26–30 [28], d2-d2 91–105 [105], d3-d3 115–130 [130], e1- e 1 23–25 [25], e2- e2 91–105 [105], e3- e3 94–110 [110], f3-f3 80–92 [92], h1-h 1 29–32 [31], h2-h2 47–58 [47]. Gnathosoma partially concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with medial notch (internal depth 15–16), forming pair of broad, fleshy lobes (Figs 42, 43); setae v2 inserted under a fold on each lobe (Figs 42, 43). Prodorsal shield with rugose sculpturing. Opisthosomal shield with rugose-oblique sculpturing, becoming transverse-rugose medially. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields weakly tessellate to smooth. All dorsal setae barbed, broadly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 18–22 [18], sc 1 17–18 [17], sc 2 16–22 [22], c 1 16–20 [20], c 2 19–23 [19], c 3 18–19 [19], d 1 15–16 [16], d 2 16–18 [18], d 3 19–20 [19], e 1 13 –15 [15], e 2 18 –22 [22], e 3 18 –20 [20], f 3 15–20 [15], h 1 15–16 [16], h 2 18–20 [20]. Palps. (Fig. 43) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 5–7 [5] long, ventral 8–9 [8] long; tarsal eupathidia 6, 8 long; solenidion 6–8 [8] long. Venter. (Fig. 44 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal midway between 4a and ag, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Setae g1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g2, g2 slightly anterior to g1. Genital shield smooth, poorly defined, ca. 25–30 [30] long, 38–40 [40] wide; anal setae ps1–3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2c barbed; setae ps1–2 barbed; ps3, g1-g2, ag smooth or with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 36–50 [50], 1b 20–29 [29], 2b 14–17 [14], 2c 19–23 [23], 3a 38–40 [40], 3b 13–15 [15], 4a 23–37 [37], 4b 12–14 [14], ag 1 18–21 [18], g 1 20–23 [23], g 2 18–20 [20], ps 1 14–15 [15], ps 2 12–14 [14], ps 3 7–12 [12]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 44 b) Spermathecal tube short, narrow, &lt;1 wide, ca. 40 long, expanded at exterior opening, and ending in membranous vesicle 8 long, 2–3 wide. Genital opening between setae ps2–3. Legs. (Fig. 45) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-8(1), 2-0-3-1-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 1-0-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 10–12 [12] long, ta II 10–11 [11] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; v ′ absent on tr I–IV, l' present on tr III; genua I–II with d; tarsi I–IV without tc′′.</p>
            <p>MALE. Unknown.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (4 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 245–270, sc2-sc2 77–88; other measurements: v2-v 2 25–28, sc1-sc1 70–74, c1-c 1 23–25, c2-c2 68–69, c3-c3 123–128, d1-d 1 19–20, d2-d2 69–73, d3-d3 93–99, e1- e 1 22–40, e2- e2 85–88, e3- e3 90, f3-f3 65–70, h1-h 1 14–21, h2-h2 34–40. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Opisthosomal shield with c1-c2 and d1-d2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse striae medially and smooth soft cuticle laterally. All dorsal setae lanceolate, except e3, f3, h1, h2 narrowly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 25–28, sc 1 17–18, sc 2 19–20, c 1 18–25, c 2 18–20, c 3 16–19, d1 16, d 2 16–19, d 3 17–20, e 1 13 –15, e 2 14 –16, e 3 16 –17, f 3 16–18, h 1 11–13, h 2 18–19. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 7–9 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 6 long; solenidion 4–5 long. Venter. (Fig. 46 c) Cuticle with transverse striae to midway between 4a and ag, becoming longitudinal, striae coarse around anal region. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Ventral setae fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 37–42, 1 b 14–16, 2 b 11–12, 2 c 17–20, 3 a 30–32, 3 b 10–11, 4 a 17–26, 4 b 10–14, ag 1 10–13, g 1 12–15, ps1 5–6, ps2 6–8, ps3 5–6. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (5–6 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long).</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (7 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 190–210, sc2-sc2 71–78; other measurements: v2-v 2 20–24, sc1-sc1 58–63, c1-c 1 17–22, c2-c2 59–61, c3-c3 100–108, d1-d 1 15–17, d2-d2 57–61, d3-d3 78–84, e1- e 1 12–14, e2- e2 64–69, e3- e3 66–71, f3-f3 41–50, h1-h 1 9–15, h2-h 2 20–30. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Opisthosomal shield with c2 and d1-d2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse striae medially and smooth soft cuticle laterally. Dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate, except setae v2, c1, c3, d2, e1 lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 20–24, sc 1 14–15, sc 2 17–18, c1 18, c 2 16–18, c 3 12–16, d 1 15–16, d 2 15–16, d 3 14–15, e 1 11 –14, e2 14, e 3 13 –15, f 3 12–13, h 1 9–10, h 2 12–13. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 4–5, 5–6 long; solenidion 4–5 long. Vent er. (Fig. 46 b) Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Ventral setae fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 28–31, 1 b 13–17, 2 b 13–16, 3 a 23–25, 3 b 9–12, ag1 8–9, ps1 4–5, ps2 3–4, ps3 3–5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 0-0-1- 0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3–4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c, 4b absent; genu I–II without d; tarsi IV without tc ′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (15 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 47) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 150–170, sc2- sc2 65–70; other measurements: v2-v 2 17–18, sc1-sc1 49–51, c1-c 1 15–16, c2-c2 52–54, c3-c3 89–94, d1-d 1 11– 13, d2-d2 47–50, d3-d3 67–72, e1- e 1 9–10, e2- e2 55–59, e3- e3 45–53, f3-f 3 31–34, h1-h1 5–7, h2-h 2 16–18. Dorsal setae barbed; thin except for v2, c3, d2 narrowly lanceolate and c1, d1 lanceolate. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Pygidial shield or platelets not apparent; cuticle with irregular transverse lines on soft cuticle. Setal lengths: v 2 13–18, sc 1 9–10, sc 2 12–13, c 1 13–15, c 2 14–16, c 3 9–10, d 1 10–14, d 2 10–11, d3 8–9, e 1 9 –10, e2 9, e 3 7 –10, f 3 9–10, h1 8, h 2 8–11. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6–7 long, ventral 5–6 long; tarsal eupathidia 4–5, 6 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. (Fig. 46 a) Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 18–23, 1 b 10–14, 3 a 20–23, ps1 3–4, ps2 3–4, ps3 3–4. Legs. Setal formula for legs I– III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 4 long, ta II 3–4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I–III nude; ta I–III without seta tc ′.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name derives from  caperatus (wrinkled), alluding to the dorsal ornamentation. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This species was red in colour and found in cracks on bark. Our two new species of  Magdalenapalpus have identical body and leg setation but are distinguished by the form of the dorsal setae and distance between d1-d1 and e1-e1. These new species were also collected from two different genera of host plant,  Allocasuarina and  Casuarina . </p>
            <p> Magdalenapalpus caperatus is similar to  M. forsteri but can be separated by the shape of the dorsal setae which are broadly lanceolate in  M. caperatus (narrowly lanceolate in  M. forsteri ), the distance between setae d1-d 1 26–30 (11–16 in  M. forsteri ) and between setae e1- e 1 23–25 (9–13 in  M. forsteri ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFD1FFE7F387FEEAFBD9FD93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFDBFF98F387FD23FB81F8F2.text	194C87D0FFDBFF98F387FD23FB81F8F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magdalenapalpus forsteri Seeman and Beard	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Magdalenapalpus forsteri Seeman and Beard sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 48–53)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. needles of Forest Oak  Allocasuarina torulosa (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: SSW Mundubbera, base of Mt Lorna, “Toondahra”, 25º59′15′′ S 151º21′26′′ E, 12 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 10 females, 1 male, 1 pharate male, 3 deutonymphs, 7 larvae (QM, ANIC, USNM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 absent. Dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate, barbed. Prodorsum with irregular polygonal and folded sculpturing; opisthosomal shield with irregular folds; lateral cuticle weakly papillate. Dorsal opisthosomal setae d1-d 1 11–16, e1- e 1 9–13 apart. Posterior opisthosomal venter with fine barbed setae.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 11). Dorsum. (Fig. 48 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 310–325 [325]; sc2- sc2 105–115 [115]; other measurements: v2-v 2 23–32 [32], sc1-sc1 81–89 [89], c1-c 1 27–31 [28], c2-c2 85–92 [92], c3-c3 140–160 [160], d1-d 1 11–16 [11], d2-d2 97–105 [105], d3-d3 120–125 [125], e1- e 1 9–13 [11], e2-e2 105–115 [115], e3- e3 91–98 [96], f3-f3 72–81 [78], h1-h 1 24–30 [27], h2-h2 50–58 [53]. Gnathosoma almost completely concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with medial notch (internal depth 21–26) forming 1 pair of broad lobes each bearing v2. Prodorsal shield with wrinkled ridge-like sculpturing, forming irregular polygons posteromedially. Opisthosomal shield with sparse irregular rugose sculpturing. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields papillate. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 13–19 [13], sc 1 15–19 [16], sc 2 18–22 [22], c 1 19–22 [28], c 2 17–20 [20], c 3 16–19 [17], d 1 13–17 [13], d 2 17–22 [19], d 3 15–21 [20], e 1 12 –16 [12], e 2 17 –21 [19], e 3 18 –21 [21], f 3 19–23 [21], h 1 15–20 [20], h 2 15–21 [16]. Palps. (Fig. 48 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7–9 [7] long, ventral 10–11 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 7–8 [7–8] long, 7–9 [8, 9] long; solenidion 7–8 [7, 8] long. Venter. (Fig. 49 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal midway between 4a and ag, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Setae g1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g2, g2 slightly anterior to g1. Genital shield smooth, poorly defined; anal setae ps1–3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine; setae ps1–2, ps3, g1-g2, ag weakly barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 62–74 [74], 1b 21–26 [21], 2b 16–21 [18], 2c 20–27 [24], 3a 44–72 [72], 3b 18–21 [18], 4a 46–63 [46], 4b 15–40 [15], ag 1 14–20 [15], g 1 23–26 [24], g 2 21–25 [23], ps 1 16–18 [17], ps 2 16–19 [18], ps 3 10–14 [11]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 49 b) Spermathecal tube ca. 1 wide, ca. 80 long, terminating in elongate membranous vesicle 6–8 long, 2–3 wide. Genital opening between setae ps2–3. Legs. (Fig. 50) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-8(1), 2-0-3-1-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-3-4, 1-0-1-0-3-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 10–12 [12] long, ta II 9–12 [12] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (7–8 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1c; v ′ absent on tr I–IV, l' present on tr III; ge I–II with only d present (l ′ and l′′ absent), ge III–IV nude; ta I–IV without tc′′.</p>
            <p>MALE (1 paratype). Dorsum. (Fig. 51) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 220, sc2-sc2 88; other measurements: v2-v2 23, sc1-sc1 68, c1-c1 23, c2-c2 73, c3-c3 107, d1-d1 11, d2-d2 74, d3-d3 86, e1- e1 12, e2- e2 74, e3- e3 64, f3-f3 52, h1-h1 12, h2-h2 33. Gnathosoma partially concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch (internal depth 20–26). Prodorsal shield lightly punctate, with few striations. Opisthosoma with mesonotal shield bearing c1, c2, d1 and d2, with few striations; and pygidial shield bearing e1, e3, f3, h1, h2, with few striations; shields separated by transverse striae; papillate cuticle laterad prodorsal shield. Setal lengths: v2 17, sc1 14, sc2 17, c1 12, c2 15, c3 16, d1 10, d2 16, d3 16, e1 8, e2 17, e3 16, f3 16, h1 13, h2 16. Palps. (Fig. 51) Palps similar to female, except solenidia greatly swollen. Tibial setae, dorsal 8 long, ventral 10 long; tarsal eupathidia 10, 11 long; solenidion 11 long. Venter. (Fig. 52) All striae transverse, becoming coarse posteriorly and weak around setae ag1. Coxal setae fine. Setae ag1, g1, g2 thin, barbed; ps2, ps3 thin, smooth; setae ps1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 52, 1 b 20, 2 b 17, 2 c 17, 3a 62, 3 b 13, 4a 42, 4 b 17, ag1 11, g1 11, g2 13, ps1 13, ps2 11, ps3 10. Aedeagus. (Fig. 52) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 56 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. (Fig. 51) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 12 long, ta II 11 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 8, 7 long; ta II 7, 7 long). Solenidia much thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (3 paratypes). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 255–275, sc2-sc2 85–97; other measurements: v2-v 2 21–24, sc1-sc1 70–78, c1-c 1 19–28, c2-c2 70–79, c3-c3 120–130, d1-d 1 13–17, d2-d2 69–78, d3-d3 95–103, e1- e 1 10–13, e2- e2 88–94, e3- e3 77–84, f3-f3 61–64, h1-h 1 15–17, h2-h 2 20–22. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with rounded protrusion lacking medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth, delineated by striae. Opisthosomal shield with c1-c2 and d1-d2 on patches of smooth cuticle, and smooth pygidial shield; all shields surrounded by coarse irregularly transverse to oblique striae. All dorsal setae lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 23–26, sc 1 16–17, sc 2 19–26, c 1 19–22, c 2 21–22, c 3 19–22, d 1 12– 16, d 2 16–21, d 3 19–23, e 1 11 –13, e 2 20 –22, e 3 20 –23, f 3 19–23, h 1 15–17, h 2 20–22. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal6 long, ventral 8 long; tarsal eupathidia 6–7, 5–6 long; solenidion 5 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae to midway between 4a and ag, becoming longitudinal, striae coarse around anal region. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Most ventral setae fine, smooth, except ps1 barbed, ps2 lightly barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 38–51, 1 b 14–18, 2 b 12–14, 2 c 21–22, 3 a 36–44, 3 b 13–15, 4 a 33–38, 4 b 12, ag 1 10–13, g 1 13– 17, ps 1 9–11, ps 2 10–12, ps3 6–8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 6–7 long, ta II 6 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 6 long; ta II 5–6 long).</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH. Unknown.</p>
            <p>LARVA (4 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 53) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 145–165, sc2-sc2 64–69; other measurements: v2-v 2 17–22, sc1-sc1 53–60, c1-c 1 15–16, c2-c2 51–57, c3-c3 86–93, d1-d 1 8–10, d2- d2 42–50, d3-d3 57–67, e1- e1 5–7, e2- e2 52–58, e3- e3 45–46, f3-f3 33–37, h1-h1 7–8, h2-h 2 16–23. Gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth, delineated by striae. Pygidial shield or platelets not apparent; cuticle with irregular transverse lines on soft cuticle. Dorsal setae barbed, thin to narrowly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 16–23, sc 1 10–12, sc 2 15–17, c 1 9–14, c 2 11–13, c 3 13–14, d1 6–9, d 2 11–17, d 3 13–15, e1 6 –7, e 2 12 –14, e 3 12 –14, f 3 14–17, h 1 9–10, h 2 14–16. Palps. (Fig. 53) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7–8 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 24–36, 1 b 10–13, 3 a 22–26, ps1 4–5, ps2 4, ps3 3–4. Legs. (Fig. 53) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 4 long, ta II 3–4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except genua I–III nude.</p>
            <p>Etymology. It is with great pleasure that we name this species in honour of Queensland botanist, Paul Forster, for the numerous identifications and host plant collections he has made for us over the years.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Our two new species of  Magdalenapalpus have identical body and leg setation but are distinguished by the form of the dorsal setae and distance between d1-d1 and e1-e1. These new species were also collected from two different genera of host plant,  Allocasuarina and  Casuarina . </p>
            <p> Magdalenapalpus forsteri is similar to  M. caperatus but can be separated by the shape of the dorsal setae which are narrowly lanceolate in  M. forsteri (broadly lanceolate in  M. caperatus ), the distance between setae d1-d 1 11–16 (in 26– 30  M. caperatus ) and between setae e1- e 1 9–13 (in 23– 25  M. caperatus ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFDBFF98F387FD23FB81F8F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFA2FF9EF387FF3EFE28FCF9.text	194C87D0FFA2FF9EF387FF3EFE28FCF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meyeraepalpus Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Meyeraepalpus Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996</p>
            <p> Type species.  Meyeraepalpus delfinadae Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996 , by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 13 pairs of broadly lanceolate dorsal setae; c2, d2 and e2 present; setae e2 and f 2 in sublateral position aligned with c2 and d2, not on margin; setae h2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5-segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1); 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps1–3) on weakly developed membranous anal plates; immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections or notches. Adult female: Anterior margin of prodorsum with triangular lobes present, within anterior prodorsal concavity, anterior to setae v2; gnathosoma partially concealed by prodorsum; ventral plate weakly developed, membranous; genital plate weakly developed, membranous. Coxal seta 1c present. Solenidia of male swollen, much larger than those of female.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Smiley et al. (1996) designated  Meyeraepalpus delfinadae as the type species for the genus, which also included Me.  strandtmanni . Mesa et al. (2009) moved Me.  delfinadae to  Aegyptobia and erected the new genus  Magdalenapalpus for Me.  strandtmanni . Recently we were able to recollect Me.  delfinadae , remount specimens studied by Smiley et al. (1996), study fresh specimens under the low temperature scanning electron microscope, and perform a cladistic analysis to show that  Meyeraepalpus is in fact a valid genus, and is rediagnosed above. We agree with Mesa et al. (2009) that the second species originally grouped with Me.  delfinadae ,  Ma. strandtmanni , does in fact represent a different genus and accept  Magdalenapalpus , which we also redescribe and rediagnose. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFA2FF9EF387FF3EFE28FCF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFA2FF95F387FC0FFB91FA42.text	194C87D0FFA2FF95F387FC0FFB91FA42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meyeraepalpus delfinadae Smiley, Frost and Gerson 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Meyeraepalpus delfinadae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996</p>
            <p>(Figs 54–66)</p>
            <p> Meyeraepalpus delfinadae Smiley, Frost and Gerson, 1996: 178 , figs. 22–25.  Aegyptobia delfinadae, Mesa et al. (2009) : 13. </p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Slaty She-Oak  Allocasuarina muelleriana (Casuarinaceae) [feeding on bark of branchlets], AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Flinders Ranges, St Mary’s Peak, at 750 m, 0 3 October 1995, coll. W. E. Frost (WINC). Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype (WINC; 1 slide, with 1  Crossipalpus muellerianae deutonymph); 1 male, same data as holotype (WINC; same slide as holotype). </p>
            <p> Non-type material examined. 8 females, 2 pharate females, 1 male, 5 deutonymphs, 3 protonymphs, 1 pharate protonymph, 1 larva, ex.  Allocasuarina muelleriana , AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Adelaide, Athelston, Maryvale Road, Wadmore Park, 34°52’49” S 138°42’10” E, 21 April 2009, coll. J.J. Beard and C.J. Burwell (QM; USNM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed. Both dorsal shields with weak rugose sculpturing. Gnathosoma partially concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with fleshy triangular lobes, within deep anterior prodorsal concavity, anterior to setae v2. Palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1). Setae ps1–3 narrow, smooth. Coxae I–IV 2-2 -1-1 (1c present on cx I); trochanters I–IV 1-1 -2-1 (seta v ′ present on tr I–IV; l ′ present on tr III); femora I–IV 3-3 -1-1 (d absent on fe III); genua I–IV 3-3 -1-0 (l ′ and l ′′ present on ge I–II; l ′ present on ge III; ge IV nude); tarsi I–IV 9 (1)-9(1)-5-5 (tc ′′ present ta I–IV). Empodia claw-like. Spermathecal tube narrow, ca. 110 long. Spermathecal vesicle elongate, 2–4 wide, 10 long. Male with swollen solenidia on palps and tarsus I–II.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 11). Dorsum. (Figs 54, 55 a, 56, 57a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 265– 300 [290]; sc2-sc2 140–170 [145]; other measurements: v2-v 2 31–44 [31], sc1-sc1 115–135 [115], c1-c 1 30–42 [42], c2-c2 140–175 [145], c3-c3 185–235 [195], d1-d 1 18–31 [28], d2-d2 135–165 [140], d3-d3 170–205 [170], e1- e 1 18–27 [18], e2-e2 130–145 [130], e3-e3 125–155 [140], f2-f2 91–110 [94], f3-f3 96–105 [105], h1-h 1 22–31 [31], h2-h2 58–75 [68]. Gnathosoma partially concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum (Fig. 56). Anterior margin of prodorsum with medial notch anterior and ventral to setae v2 (internal depth 14–22 [17]), forming 1 pair of three-dimensional triangular lobes originating from within apparent depression; anterior notch often appearing slightly withdrawn into prodorsum when anterior margin of prodorsum collapsing and/or folds on itself anterior to setae v2 (Figs 56, 57 a). Prodorsal and opisthosomal shields weakly developed with sparse rugose sculpturing. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields with few irregular striae. All dorsal setae short, broadly lanceolate,</p>
            <p>barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 18–21 [19], sc 1 14–22 [17], sc 2 14–19 [17], c 1 17–23 [23], c 2 13–19 [19], c 3 13–17 [15], d 1 18–21 [20, 21], d 2 15–20 [16], d 3 14–22 [16, 18], e 1 15 –21 [19], e 2 13 –17 [13, 17], e 3 16 –20 [18, 19], f 2 15–18 [18], f 3 17–27 [20], h 1 14–17 [16], h 2 17–22 [21, 22]. Palps. (Fig. 56) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3 (1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7–10 [8] long, ventral 9–12 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 5–6 [6], 7–8 [8] long; solenidion 5–6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 58 a, b) Cuticle with fine longitudinal striae between 1a -1a; broadly separated transverse striae between 1a -3a; weak fine transverse striae 3a -4a; striae posterior to 4a fine transverse becoming oblique to longitudinal towards ag; ag -ag with mixed striae; broadly separated longitudinal striae surrounding genital flap; few weak longitudinal to oblique striae on genital flap. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row on genital flap. Anal setae ps1–3 fine, inserted along medial margin of anal plates in more-or-less longitudinal line. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 55–70 [64], 1b 18–33 [31], 1c 15–25 [25], 2b 20–31 [27], 2c 19–31 [24], 3a 46–77 [72], 3b 20–28 [24], 4a 45–64 [63], 4b 21–30 [25], ag 20–26 [23], g 1 22–28 [24], g 2 18–27 [23], ps 1 12–17 [15], ps 2 12–15 [14], ps 3 10–17 [13]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 58 c) Spermathecal tube narrow, ca. 110 long. Spermatheca elongate, 10 long, 2 wide basally and expanding to 3–4 wide. Genital opening between setae ps3. Not always clearly visible. Legs. (Fig. 59) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 2-1-3-3-4-9(1), 2-1-3-3- 4-9(1), 1-2-1-1-3-5, 1-1-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 6–9 [8, 9] long, ta II 6–8 [8] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 7–9 [8, 9] long; ta II 6–8 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except femora III without seta d. Setae v' added to tr IV.</p>
            <p>MALE (n = 2). Dorsum. (Fig. 55 b) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 210–215, sc2-sc2 115– 125; other measurements: v2-v 2 25–30, sc1-sc1 93–94, c1-c 1 28–29, c2-c2 106–110, c3-c3 136–152, d1-d 1 18–19, d2-d2 92–97, d3-d3 107–113, e1- e 1 15–17, e2- e2 82–87, e3- e3 92–97, f2-f2 63–64, f3-f3 72–74, h1-h1 12, h2-h2 41–43. Gnathosoma not concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum (Fig. 61). Anterior margin of prodorsum similar to female, with medial notch anterior to setae v2 (internal depth 9–11) (Figs 57 b, 61). Prodorsal, mesonotal and pygidial shields weakly wrinkled and finely pitted; setae c1–2 and d1–2 inserted on paired mesonotal shields; setae e1, e3, f2–3, h1–2 inserted on pygidial shield. Setal lengths: v2 17, sc1 15, sc2 14, c1 17, c2 14, c3 15, d1 15, d2 14, d3 14, e1 15, e2 15, e3 16, f2 13, f3 17, h1 12, h2 17. Palps. (Figs 60 a, 61) Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 10–11 long, ventral 8–9 long; tarsal eupathidia 7, 7–8 long; solenidion significantly</p>
            <p>swollen 8–9 long (Fig. 61). Venter. (Fig. 60 b) Cuticle with fine longitudinal striae between 1a -1a; broadly separated transverse striae between 1a -3a; weak fine transverse striae 3a -4a; broadly separated transverse striae and folds between 4a and posterior margin of body. Coxal setae fine and finely barbed. Setae ag1, g1, g2, ps2, ps3 fine; setae ps1 modified to form thick spines (Fig. 60 b). Setal lengths: 1a 59–66, 1 b 26–30, 2 b 25–29, 2 c 21–24, 3 a 43–61, 3 b 23–26, 4 a 40–49, 4 b 24–28, ag 1 17–19, g 1 15–18, g 2 17–18, ps 1 13–15, ps 2 11–14, ps 3 13–15. Aedeagus. (Fig. 60 c) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a blunt point, 60–61 long. Legs. (Figs 62, 63) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω", significantly swollen (ta I 12–14 long; ta II 8–12 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (7–8 long). Solenidia significantly broader and longer than those of female (Fig. 63).</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 5). Dorsum. (Figs 57 c, 64) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 260–275, sc2-sc2 120; other measurements: v2-v2 34, sc1-sc1 109, c1-c 1 26–28, c2-c2 122, c3-c3 150, d1-d1 21, d2-d2 108– 110, d3-d3 150–165, e1- e 1 18–20, e2-e2 100–102, e3- e3 90–100, f2-f2 80–95, f3-f3 66–67, h1-h 1 19–20, h2-h2 41–50. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield without notch (Fig. 57 c). Prodorsal shield smooth with few irregular creases. Opisthosoma with irregular transverse striae and some patches of smooth cuticle, including setae c1. Lateral cuticle smooth with weak irregular striae. Dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, except narrowly lanceolate setae f3 and h2. Setal lengths: v 2 17–19, sc 1 14–15, sc 2 13–14, c 1 17–18, c 2 12–17, c3 11, d 1 16–17, d 2 12–14, d 3 15– 17, e1 15, e 2 11 –13, e 3 14 –16, f2 11, f3 19, h 1 9–10, h 2 15–20. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6– 7 long, ventral 8–9 long; tarsal eupathidia 4–5, 5–6 long, solenidion 3–4 long. Venter. Cuticle with fine transverse striae to anterior of ag, longitudinal striae becoming coarse around anal region. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 40–48, 1 b 16–20, 2 b 14–19, 2 c 18–20, 3 a 30–40, 3 b 15–17, 4 a 25–28, 4 b 14–17, ag1 15, g1 16, ps1 8, ps 2 8–10, ps3 8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 2-1-3-3-4-9(1), 2-1-3-3-4-9(1), 1-2-1-1-3- 5, 1-0-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7, 6 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ′. Setae v' added to tr I–III.</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 195, sc2-sc2 100; other measurements: v2-v2 30, sc1-sc1 89, c1-c1 23, c2-c2 104, c3-c3 140, d1-d1 16, d2-d2 93, d3-d3 130, e1- e1 16, e2- e2 83, e3- e3 80, f2-f2 60, f3-f3 40, h1-h1 11, h2-h2 23. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield without notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few irregular creases. Opisthosoma with irregular transverse striae. Lateral cuticle smooth with weak irregular striae. Dorsal setae broadly lanceolate. Setal lengths: v2 15, sc1 11, sc2 12, c1 16, c2 9, c3 13, d1 11, d2 12, d3 12, e1 11, e2 8, e3 11, f2 10, f3 19, h1 7, h2 17. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae about 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 5 long, solenidion 3 long. Venter. Striation same as deutonymph. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 40, 1 b 15, 1 c 12, 2 b 14, 3a 40, 3 b 13, ag1 7, ps1 6, ps2 4, ps3 3. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 2-0-3-1-4-9(1), 1-0-3-1-4-9(1), 1-1-1-1-3-5, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 4–5, 4 long; ta II both 4 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c absent; seta 4b absent; tr I–III without v ′; ge I–II without setae l ′ and d; ta IV without setae tc ′, tc′′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 1). Dorsum. (Fig. 65) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 165, sc2-sc2 91; other measurements: v2-v2 29, sc1-sc1 74, c1-c1 21, c2-c2 88, c3-c3 125, d1-d1 15, d2-d2 74, d3-d3 93, e1- e1 15, e2- e2 67, e3- e3 63, f2-f2 45, f3-f3 44, h1-h1 9, h2-h2 24. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield without notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few irregular creases. Opisthosoma with few irregular striae, especially mid-dorsally. Setal lengths: v 2 12–13, sc 1 12–13, sc 2 14–15, c1 15, c 2 13–15, c 3 10–13, d 1 10–11, d 2 12–13, d 3 12–14, e1 6 –7, e 2 13 –15, e3 15, f 2 13–15, f 3 14–17, h 1 8–11, h 2 15–16. Dorsal setae lanceolate except setae f2-f3, h1-h2 thickened, barbed. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 5 long, ventral 6 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 6 long, solenidion 3 long. Venter. Striation same as deutonymph. Coxal and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a ca. 30, 1 b 11, 3 a ca. 25, ps1 5, ps2 3, ps3 5. Legs. (Fig. 65) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-7(1), 0-0-3-1-4- 7(1), 0-0-1-1-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (2 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (3 long). Leg setation as in protonymph, except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr III without l ′; ta I–III without setae tc ′, tc′′.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Specimens for this redescription were collected from the type host in the type locality. Individuals were collected from fine branches of the host (Fig. 66).</p>
            <p> We are resurrecting the original generic placement of this species,  Meyeraepalpus delfinadae , despite its recent placement within  Aegyptobia by Mesa et al. (2009). This species would be unusual among  Aegyptobia as it would be the only species we know that lacks seta d on femur III (Seeman &amp; Beard 2011), has the gnathosoma partially concealed by the prodorsum, prodorsal lobes in a deep anterior concavity, and has a male with greatly swollen solenidia. The loss of seta d on femur III is unique among all species studied here, but the male with swollen solenidia also occurs in  Crossipalpus ,  Magdalenapalpus and  Palpipalpus . The concealed gnathosoma occurs in other tegopalpine mites, being partially concealed in  Magdalenapalpus and  Palpipalpus , and completely concealed in  Australopalpus ,  Chaudhripalpus ,  Crossipalpus ,  Philippipalpus and  Tegopalpus .  Meyeraepalpus delfinadae also has two coxal setae, i.e. seta both 1b and 1c are present, and while this is unique for tegopalpine species, it is common for  Aegyptobia (Seeman &amp; Beard 2011) . </p>
            <p> Meyeraepalpus delfinadae is substantially different to the three genera with which it shares the character of swollen solenidion in the male, i.e.,  Crossipalpus ,  Magdalenapalpus and  Palpipalpus .  Meyeraepalpus delfinadae is different to  Crossipalpus , which has four palpal segments, no prodorsal projections of any type, seta f2 absent, no seta 1c, two pairs of pseudanal (ps) setae, genual setal counts of 1-1-0-0, and its gnathosoma is completely concealed by the prodorsum; and is different to  Palpipalpus which has a pair of rounded prodorsal lobes anterior to v2, two pairs of ps setae, coxae without 1c, and genua with 2-2-0-0.  Meyeraepalpus delfinadae bears a greater resemblance to the third genus,  Magdalenapalpus (especially  Ma. strandtmanni , with setae f2 present), where it was originally placed by Smiley et al. (1996). Mesa et al. (2009) moved the species to  Aegyptobia because it “has a rostral shield and the anterior margin of the prodorsum is not invaginated”. However, adult Me.  delfinadae do indeed have an invaginated anterior margin, formed by distinct lobes on the anterior margin of the prodorsum, that are often slightly retracted into the prodorsum, forming a shallow cavity anteroventral to setae v2 (Figs 56, 57 a, b). These lobes are not present on the immature life stages (Fig. 57 c). The anterior lobes of Me.  delfinadae are unlike any other found in  Aegyptobia , which are formed by a simple notch in the prodorsal shield (e.g. Fig. 124a) or a forked extension of the prodorsal shield (e.g.  Aegyptobia bromi Khanjani et al., 2012a ). Likewise the lobes on  Meyeraepalpus delfinadae do not appear homologous with those of  Magdalenapalpus (Figs 42, 43), but instead, they appear similar to those of  Chaudhripalpus (Figs 1, 2, 8 a) and  Tegopalpus (Fig. 107 a, 108, 110a, b, 111a), which originate from below the level of the dorsal surface of the prodorsum. Furthermore, Me.  delfinadae does not share the same leg setation with species of  Magdalenapalpus which all lack seta 1c on cx I, v ′ on tr I–IV, l ′ and l′′ on ge I–III, and tc′′ on ta I–IV, all of which are present in Me.  delfinadae . </p>
            <p> It is for the above mentioned differences, and not those listed by Mesa et al. (2009) that we exclude Me.  delfinadae from  Aegyptobia and  Magdalenapalpus . Further evidence is presented in our cladistic analysis, which places Me.  delfinadae as a unique species and sister group to all other tegopalpine mites. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFA2FF95F387FC0FFB91FA42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFA9FF8AF387F9E6FAA2FECB.text	194C87D0FFA9FF8AF387F9E6FAA2FECB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palpipalpus Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palpipalpus Beard and Seeman gen. nov.</p>
            <p> Type species.  Palpipalpus hesperius Beard and Seeman</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 13 pairs of strongly barbed setae; c2, d2, e2, and f2 present; setae e2 and f2 inserted in more-or-less marginal position; setae h2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5-segmented, setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 2 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps1–2) on weakly developed anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma partially concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum (also in male); anterior margin of prodorsum with 1 pair of rounded lobes anterior to, but not bearing, setae v2 (also in male); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1c; trochanters I–IV 1-1 -2-1; femora I–IV 3-3 -2-1; genua 2-2-0-0 (setae d and l′′ present); tibiae 4-4-3-3; tarsi I–IV with tc′′. Solenidia of male much thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The name  Palpipalpus is derived from palpus (a feeler) and is repeated to emphasise and allude to the swollen sensory solenidia of the palps and tarsi I–II in the male. </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Palpipalpus most closely resembles  Crossipalpus , with both genera sharing males with enlarged solenidia and only two pairs of ps setae.  Palpipalpus differs to  Crossipalpus by the presence of prodorsal lobes, seta tc′′ on tarsi I–IV, seta f2 on the dorsal opisthosoma, and the palp tibial seta (all absent in  Crossipalpus ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFA9FF8AF387F9E6FAA2FECB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFB6FF82F387FE1EFAB8FB3C.text	194C87D0FFB6FF82F387FE1EFAB8FB3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palpipalpus hesperius Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Palpipalpus hesperius Beard and Seeman sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 67–74)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex.  Allocasuarina sp. (  Casuarinaceae ), AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Walpole, Nornalup Inlet, Coalmine Beach, Walpole Yacht Club, 34º59’27” S 116º44’22” E, 0 9 May 2008, coll. J.J. Beard and R. Ochoa (WAM) (BRI voucher). Paratypes. 23 females, 2 males (separate slides); 1 male, 1 pharate deutonymph (same slide); 2 deutonymphs, 7 protonymphs, 5 larvae, same data as holotype (WAM, QM, ANIC, USNM). </p>
            <p> Non-type material examined. 2 pharate deutonymphs, 1 pharate protonymph, same data as holotype (QM); 10 females, 1 pharate female, 14 deutonymphs, 2 pharate deutonymphs, 9 protonymphs, 9 larvae ex. stems of Western She-oak  Allocasuarina fraseriana (Casuarinaceae) [on ridge], AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, internal road to Wellington Dam, Wellington National Park, 33º20’24’’ S 115º57’22’’ E, 20 April 2009, coll. J.J. Beard (QM) (BRI voucher); 14 females, 3 males, 3 pharate females, 2 deutonymphs, 4 protonymphs, 2 larvae ex.  Allocasuarina sp., AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Wellington National Park, 33º19’18’’ S 115º58’50’’ E, 0 6 May 2008, coll. J.J. Beard and R. Ochoa (QM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal setae short, palmate, heavily barbed. Dorsal opisthosomal setae e2 and f2 inserted close to marginal position. Prodorsum with oblique folds and weakly papillate sculpturing; dorsal opisthosomal shield with transverse to oblique folds laterally, with weak papillate sculpturing anteriorly; lateral cuticle papillate. Setae v ′ added to tr II and IV in the adult (v ′ normally added to tr II in deutonymph).</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 48). Dorsum. (Fig. 67 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 280–325 [325]; sc2- sc2 111–125 [120]; other measurements: v2-v2 35 –42 [42], sc1-sc1 83–96 [91], c1-c 1 26–36 [33], c2-c2 91–110 [100], c3-c3 160–185 [180], d1-d 1 20–25 [22], d2-d2 110–120 [120], d3-d3 140–155 [145], e1- e 1 15–17 [15], e2- e2 125–135 [125], e3-e3 115–135 [125], f2-f2 93–110 [100], f3-f3 81–105 [98], h1-h 1 18–32 [21], h2-h2 53–76 [61]. Gnathosoma partially concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with pair of lobes forming a shallow median notch (internal depth 8–13); lobes anterior to setae v2. Prodorsal shield with rugose-lineate sculpturing. Opisthosomal shield mostly with rugose sculpturing, but becoming smooth between d1-e1, three longitudinal ridges between c1-c1 and d1-d1, and several ridges between e1-h1. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields papillate, cuticle between shields papillate to tessellate. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 13–19 [17], sc 1 16–18 [16], sc 2 17–19 [17], c 1 18–20 [20], c 2 18–20 [19], c 3 17–18 [18], d 1 14–17 [14], d 2 15–17 [broken], d 3 13–17 [16], e 1 9 –11 [10], e 2 13 –17 [15], e 3 12 –18 [15], f 2 11–17 [13], f 3 14–18 [17], h 1 11–15 [13], h 2 14–17 [16]. Palps. (Fig. 67 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 10–11 [11] long, ventral 6–9 [7] long; tarsal eupathidia 5–6 [5] long, 7–9 [8] long; solenidion 7–8 [8] long. Venter. (Fig. 68) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal midway between 4a and ag, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Setae g1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g2, g2 slightly anterior to g1. Genital shield smooth, poorly defined, ca. 17–26 [22] long, 36–45 [45] wide; anal setae ps1–2 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates; setae ps1 absent. Coxal setae fine, smooth except 2c with weak barbs; setae ag1, g1–2, ps1 barbed, ps2 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 42–55 [55], 1b 18–28 [20], 2b 17–22 [21], 2c 20–27 [24], 3a 35– 52 [35], 3b 18–22 [20], 4a 33–43 [40], 4b 16–22 [22], ag 1 17–21 [18], g 1 21–23 [22], g 2 18–23 [22], ps 1 13–17 [14], ps 2 12–14 [13]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 69) Spermathecal tube long, 1 wide, straight for ca. 30, then convoluted for another ca. 100, terminating in membranous sac 7–9 long, 2–3 wide. Genital opening between setae ps2. Legs. (Fig. 70) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-2-4-9(1), 2-1-3-2-4-9(1), 1-2-2-0-3-5, 1-1-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (9-10 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (8–9 [8–9] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; genua I–II with d and l" (ge I–II without l ′, ge III–IV nude). Setae v' added to tr II and IV.</p>
            <p>MALE (n = 6). Dorsum. (Fig. 71 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 215–235, sc2-sc2 92– 98; other measurements: v2-v 2 23–30, sc1-sc1 66–75, c1-c 1 21–29, c2-c2 79–87, c3-c3 114–125, d1-d 1 10–15, d2- d2 85–91, d3-d3 95–110, e1- e 1 12–17, e2- e2 87–92, e3- e3 83–88, f2-f2 70–88, f3-f3 62–75, h1-h 1 9–15, h2-h 2 24– 36. Anterior margin of prodorsum with small lobes forming a shallow median notch (internal depth 9–11). Prodorsal, mesonotal and opisthonotal shields surrounded by striate cuticle medially, papillate cuticle laterally. Shield sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female, but sculpture not as rugose on mesonotal and opisthonotal shield. Setal lengths: v 2 14–18, sc 1 13–15, sc 2 14–17, c 1 15–16, c 2 14–15, c 3 14–17, d 1 11–13, d 2 14–15, d 3 13– 15, e 1 10 –11, e 2 10 –14, e 3 14 –15, f 2 11–13, f 3 14–15, h 1 10–11, h 2 14–15. Palps. (Fig. 71 a) Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 9–11 long, ventral 6–7 long, tarsal eupathidia 3–4, 9 long; solenidion 10 long. Venter. Striation similar to female. Coxal setae fine, except 2c with few minute barbs. Seta ag1, g1–2, ps2 smooth. Setae ps1 blade-like, thickened (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 45–55, 1 b 17–27, 2 b 18–27, 2 c 17–20, 3 a 33–47, 3 b 15–22, 4 a 30–45, 4 b 16–23, ag 1 12–17, g 1 9–12, g 2 12–15, ps 1 14–17, ps 2 8–10. Aedeagus. (Fig. 71 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 55–60 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus. Legs. (Fig. 72) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 12–13 long, ta II 11–12 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 7–8 long; ta II 6–8, 7–8 long). Solenidia swollen, much thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 18). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 225–275, sc2-sc2 85– 96; other measurements: v2-v 2 22–30, sc1-sc1 68–79, c1-c 1 21–37, c2-c2 78–89, c3-c3 125–145, d1-d 1 16–21, d2- d2 74–84, d3-d3 97–115, e1- e 1 14–20, e2- e2 90–110, e3- e3 86–102, f2-f2 72–84, f3-f3 58–83, h1-h 1 18–27, h2-h 2 31–60. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield with weakly rugose sculpturing and punctate cuticle. Opisthosomal shield covered with patches of weakly rugose sculpturing on punctate cuticle (c1- c2, d1-d2 on irregular plates) interspersed by coarse irregularly transverse striae. Setal lengths: v2 22, sc 1 16–20, sc 2 19–21, c 1 18–22, c 2 16–18, c 3 17–21, d 1 13–18, d 2 16–19, d 3 17–21, e 1 11 –14, e 2 16 –22, e 3 14 –18, f 2 14–17, f 3 16–21, h 1 11–14, h 2 16–20. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6–7 long, ventral 8–9 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 6–8 long; solenidion 5–7 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae to midway between 4a and ag, becoming longitudinal, striae coarse around anal region. Anal setae ps1–2 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine; setae ag1, g1, ps1–2 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 33–35, 1 b 13–20, 2 b 12–18, 2 c 20–21, 3 a 28–37, 3 b 14, 4a 20–31, 4 b 10–15, ag 1 11–14, g 1 14–18, ps2 6–8, ps3 7–8. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1- 3-2-4-9(1), 2-0-3-2-4-9(1), 1-2-2-0-3-5, 1-0-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (6–7 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–8 long). Leg setation as in female, except tr II and tr IV without seta v ′. Setae v' added to tr I and III.</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 20). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 175–205, sc2-sc2 72– 87; other measurements: v2-v 2 18–29, sc1-sc1 56–70, c1-c 1 16–22, c2-c2 63–78, c3-c3 100–135, d1-d 1 11–19, d2- d2 59–72, d3-d3 80–110, e1- e 1 8–13, e2- e2 72–87, e3- e3 68–76, f2-f2 52–62, f3-f3 42–53, h1-h 1 12–18, h2-h 2 25– 34. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield with weakly rugose sculpturing and punctate cuticle. Opisthosomal shield with the setae c1-c2 and d1-d2 on separate paired plates, each with weakly rugose sculpturing on punctate cuticle. Irregular pygidial shield bears e1, f2-f3, sculpturing similar to other shields. Setal lengths: v 2 16–21, sc 1 13–18, sc 2 15–20, c 1 15–18, c 2 13–19, c 3 14–18, d 1 11–18, d 2 14–18, d 3 13–19, e 1 9 –13, e 2 13 –18, e 3 14 –20, f 2 12–15, f 3 13–18, h 1 10–13, h 2 14–18. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta, dorsal 4–5 long, ventral 7–8 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5–6 long; solenidion 5 long. Venter. Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps2–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine; setae ag1, g1, ps1–2 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 33–40, 1 b 14–17, 2 b 15–19, 3 a 25–30, 3 b 8–17, ag 1 11–14, ps1 5–7, ps2 5–7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-9(1), 1-0-3-0-4-9(1), 1-1-2-0-3-5, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (5–6 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5–6 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c absent; seta 4b absent; tr I and III without seta v ′, ge I–II without seta d, l′′; ta IV without setae tc ′, tc′′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 16). Dorsum. (Fig. 73) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 155–175, sc2-sc2 67– 74; other measurements: v2-v 2 16–31, sc1-sc1 55–60, c1-c 1 9–16, c2-c2 62–70, c3-c3 96–104, d1-d 1 6–11, d2-d2 58–59, d3-d3 76–81, e1- e1 4–6, e2- e2 67–70, e3- e3 40–67, f2-f2 42–54, f3-f 3 29–40, h1-h1 4–8, h2-h 2 15–23. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth with few creases. Irregular, weakly rugose pygidial shield. Lateral cuticle smooth to striate; cuticle between shields irregular coarse striae. Setal lengths: v 2 14–19, sc 1 11–13, sc 2 16–18, c 1 13–17, c 2 11–16, c 3 12–15, d 1 14–16, d 2 12–14, d 3 12–15, e 1 9 –15, e 2 13 –15, e 3 10 –15, f 2 11–14, f 3 12–15, h1 13, h 2 11–14. Palps. (Fig. 73) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6–7 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 3–4, 5–6 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. (Fig. 74) Striation similar to deutonymph. Anal setae ps1–2 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 24–27, 1 b 13–17, 3 a 29–33, ps1 6–8, ps2 5–7. Legs. (Fig. 73) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-7(1), 0-0-3-0-4- 7(1), 0-0-2-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (4–5, 4–5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr III without l ′; ta I–III without seta tc ′, tc′′.</p>
            <p> Etymology. This specific name,  hesperius , is a Latin word meaning “western” and alludes to the State where the mites were collected. </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Palpipalpus hesperius is unusual in the delayed expression of seta v ′ on tr II. This seta is normally expressed in the deutonymph, but in this species it does not appear until the adult. A similar ontogenetic delay occurs in the unrelated species  Chaudhripalpus creelae . This mite was red and found on the bark of its host. </p>
            <p> Palpipalpus is morphologically similar to  Crossipalpus but can be separated from it by the presence of dorsal setae f2 (absent on  Crossipalpus ), and genua I–II with two setae (one seta on  Crossipalpus ). </p>
            <p> Palpipalpus is also morphologically similar to  Phytoptipalpus (most species) and  Aegyptobia in that they share a full compliment of setae on the dorsal shield. In addition,  Palpipalpus and  Phytoptipalpus both have two pairs of ps setae, while  Aegyptobia differs in having three pairs of ps setae.  Palpipalpus also differs in having the gnathosoma almost entirely covered by the prodorsum, seta 1c is absent, and seta l' is absent on genua I–III. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFB6FF82F387FE1EFAB8FB3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFBEFF82F387FB41FE74F8BA.text	194C87D0FFBEFF82F387FB41FE74F8BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pentamerismus McGregor 1949	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pentamerismus McGregor, 1949</p>
            <p> Type species.  Tenuipalpus erythreus Ewing, 1917: 152 , by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 12–13 pairs of setae; c2, d2, and e2 present; seta f2 present or absent; setae e2 and f2 (when present) inserted in marginal position, aligned with c3, d3, e3 and f3; setae h2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5-segmented, palp setal formula variable 0-0/1-0-1/2-3(1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; gnathosoma not concealed by prodorsum; ventral plate absent; three pairs of pseudanal setae (ps1-3) on weakly to well developed anal plates. Adult female: anterior margin of prodorsal shield with a median notch forming 1 pair of lobes anterior to setae v2, or smoothly rounded; gnathosoma completely exposed, not concealed by anterior margin of prodorsum; genital plate weakly to well developed, membranous; metapodal plates usually present; coxae I with 1c present or absent. Solenidia of male of similar thickness and length to those of female.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pentamerismus is almost identical to  Aegyptobia , except that setae e2 and f2 (when present) are inserted in a marginal position, aligned with setae c3, d3, e3 and f3, instead of the more usual sublateral position aligned with c2 and d2. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFBEFF82F387FB41FE74F8BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FFBEFF84F387F8CFFC80F8D5.text	194C87D0FFBEFF84F387F8CFFC80F8D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pentamerismus sititoris Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pentamerismus sititoris Beard and Seeman sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 75–81)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex.  Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Newell Highway, approx. 15 km N Moree, 86 km S Goondiwindi, 29°21’20” S 150°00’24” E, 21 August 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 8 females, 1 male, 2 deutonymphs, 2 protonymphs, larva, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). </p>
            <p> Non-type material examined. 5 females, 1 male, 2 deutonymphs, 2 protonymphs, 2 larvae, same data as holotype; 12 females, 10 males, 1 protonymph, 1 larva ex.  Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae) under scales at tip of needles, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, nr Lightning Ridge, Castlereagh Highway, 45 km S Hebel, 28°44′43′′S, 148°09’12′′E, 0 6 May 2007, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster; AUSTRALIA: 1 female, 1 male, same data except Castlereagh Highway, 6.5 km N Lightning Ridge, 29°25′10′′S, 147°53′21′′E (QM, USNM )). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 present. Palp setal formula 0-0-0-2-3(1), with palp tibial setae l ′PTi and l′′PTi both present. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with short notch. Dorsal shields with finely reticulate mosaic sculpturing; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate to palmate; lateral margins of opisthosoma coarsely papillate. Posterior ventral setae ag palmate, barbed; setae g1–2 broadly lanceolate, barbed; setae ps1–2 lanceolate, barbed; setae ps3 fine, smooth. Seta 1c absent. Setae d on femora and genua I–II palmate to broadly lanceolate, barbed; seta ev ′ on femora III broadly lanceolate, barbed; setae v ′, v′′ on tibiae III with broad bases, barbed.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 28). Dorsum. (Fig. 75) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 225–255 [250], sc2- sc2 110–120 [120]; other measurements: v2-v2 41 –46 [43], sc1-sc1 83–88 [84], c1-c1 54–63 [63], c2-c2 125–135 [135], c3-c3 170–180 [175], d1-d1 34–40 [40], d2-d2 105–115 [115], d3-d3 150–155 [155], e1- e1 32–39 [39], e2- e2 135–145 [145], e3-e3 120–140 [130], f2-f2 110–115 [115], f3-f3 89–100 [95], h1-h 1 27–32 [30], h2-h2 60–68 [68]. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with 1 pair of small lobes forming short medial notch (internal depth 7– 11). Dorsal shields with finely reticulate mosaic sculpturing. Lateral cuticle surrounding shields smooth anteriorly, becoming coarsely papillate posteriorly. All dorsal setae barbed; v2, sc1, sc2, c1–3 lanceolate with broadly rounded tips; all other setae broad, rounded. Setal lengths: v 2 23–24 [23], sc 1 23–26 [26], sc 2 25–30 [30], c 1 24–28 [25], c 2 24–28 [28], c 3 21–24 [24], d 1 17–20 [17], d 2 19–26 [20], d 3 19–23 [23], e 1 17 –22 [19], e 2 17 –20 [20], e 3 17 –20 [19], f 2 17–20 [19], f 3 17–21 [17], h 1 17–20 [17], h 2 16–19 [19]. Palps. (Fig. 75) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7–8 [7] long, ventral 4–5 [4] long; tarsal eupathidia 4 [4], 4–6 [6] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 76 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, abruptly becoming longitudinal posterior to cx IV, extending to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Circular thickening present in metapodal region, ca. 20–24 diameter, rugose-papillate. Setae g1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g2, g2 slightly anterior to g1. Genital shield lightly punctate with transverse reticulation posteriorly, margins irregular, ca. 25–35 [25] long, 36–42 [42] wide; anal setae ps1–3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2c lanceolate; setae ag1 palmate, barbed; g1–2, ps1–2 thick, broadly lanceolate, barbed; ps3 fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 40–51 [40], 1b 24–32 [24], 2b 22–28 [24], 2c 14–16 [14], 3a 35–41 [35], 3b 13–19 [13], 4a 32–35 [32], 4b 12–18 [12], ag 1 13–15 [13], g 1 17–18 [17], g 2 16–18 [18], ps 1 12–17 [13], ps 2 12–15 [12], ps 3 7–10 [10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 76 b) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, convoluted, 1 Μm wide, ca. 120 long, terminating in membranous sac. Spermatheca vesicle not visible. Genital opening between anal valves and posterior margin of genital shield. Legs. (Figs 75, 77 a) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-3-4-9(1), 2-1-3-3-4-9(1), 1-2- 2-1-3-5, 1-1-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 11 [11] long, ta II 10–11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 6–7 [6], 7 [7] long; ta II 6–7 [6], 6 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c. Setae v' added to tr IV.</p>
            <p>MALE (n = 13). Dorsum. (Fig. 78) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 195–210, sc2-sc2 90– 105; other measurements: v2-v2 32 –35, sc1-sc1 66–79, c1-c1 40–55, c2-c2 96–120, c3-c3 135–155, d1-d 1 24–37, d2-d2 80–106, d3-d3 110–140, e1- e1 34–42, e2-e2 105–130, e3- e3 97–120, f2-f2 87–105, f3-f3 71–90, h1-h 1 25– 27, h2-h2 54–63. Anterior margin of prodorsum with small lobes forming a short median notch (internal depth 7). Prodorsal, mesonotal and pygidial shields with sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female. Setal lengths: v 2 18– 21, sc 1 18–22, sc 2 19–22, c 1 18–20, c 2 19–21, c 3 20–22, d 1 12–13, d 2 16–20, d 3 16–17, e 1 13 –15, e 2 16 –18, e 3 16 –20, f 2 15–16, f 3 14–18, h 1 15–16, h 2 14–16. Palps. (Fig. 78) Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 4–5, 4–6 long; solenidion 5–6 long. Venter. (Fig. 79) Striation similar to female. Posterior opisthosoma with 2 irregular, poorly defined, striated subcircular plates, ca. 25–30 x 30 –45 diameter; g1– 2, ps1–3 on weakly sclerotised anal valves. Coxal setae fine, except 2c lanceolate. Seta ag1 broadly rounded, barbed; g1 lanceolate, barbed; ps1 spine-like, thickened. Setal lengths: 1a 45–65, 1 b 20–23, 2 b 17–19, 2 c 10–13, 3 a 40–42, 3 b 9–12, 4 a 25–27, 4 b 8–12, ag1 12, g 1 12–13, g2 6–7, ps 1 13–15, ps2 6–7, ps3 7. Aedeagus. (Fig. 79) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 63–74 long. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus,</p>
            <p>becoming obscure after 20–55 Μm. Legs. (Fig. 78) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 13 long, ta II 12 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6 long, 5–6 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 80) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 215–235, sc2- sc2 105–115; other measurements: v2-v2 34 –39, sc1-sc1 84–89, c1-c1 34–43, c2-c2 110–120, c3-c3 155, d1-d1 38–39, d2-d2 105–115, d3-d3 145–155, e1- e1 32–34, e2-e2 138–143, e3-e3 125–130, f2-f2 110–115, f3-f3 83–90, h1-h 1 31–32, h2-h2 53–60. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial lobes or notch. Prodorsal shield poorly defined, with oblique-longitudinal striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; transverse striae between setal row C and row D; posterior to setal row D striations become oblique laterally, tending to mosaic-like medially. Lateral setae more elongate than those of adult, slightly concave. Setal lengths: v 2 15–18, sc 1 15–18, sc 2 18–21, c 1 11–17, c 2 18–20, c 3 26–27, d1 15, d 2 24–26, d 3 26–27, e 1 18 –20, e 2 23 –26, e 3 23 –26, f 2 20–24, f 3 22–26, h 1 19–23, h 2 22– 25. Palps. (Fig. 80) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, 4 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV; anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2c barbed; setae ag1 thick, barbed. Setal lengths: 1a 27–45, 1 b 12–15, 2 b 11– 16, 2 c 9–11, 3 a 33, 3 b 6–9, 4 a 17–24, 4 b 6–8, ag 1 8–10, g1 11, ps1 3, ps2 4–5, ps3 4–5. Legs. (Figs 77 b, 80) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-3-4-9(1), 2-1-3-3-4-9(1), 1-2-2-1-3-5, 1-0-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 6–7 long, ta II 5–6 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (3–4, 4 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ′. Setae v' added to tr I–III.</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 6). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 165–195, sc2-sc2 78– 90; other measurements: v2-v 2 26–31, sc1-sc1 65–69, c1-c 1 28–32, c2-c2 89–98, c3-c3 130–135, d1-d 1 22–29, d2- d2 84–89, d3-d3 110–125, e1- e 1 18–22, e2-e2 100–110, e3- e3 95–105, f2-f2 76–90, f3-f3 70–73, h1-h 1 19–24, h2- h2 40–50. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, prodorsum with concave striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; transverse striae gradually becoming oblique, tending to convex posteriorly. Setae more elongate than those of adult. Setal lengths: v 2 10–15, sc 1 12–14, sc 2 13–15, c 1 11–12, c 2 14–15, c 3 14– 20, d 1 9–12, d 2 17–21, d 3 25–26, e 1 14 –17, e 2 16 –22, e 3 19 –23, f 2 21–23, f 3 17–21, h 1 18–20, h 2 20–23. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 5–6 long, 4 long; tarsal eupathidia both 3 long; solenidion 3–4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 15–17, 1 b 6–7, 2 b 7, 3a 12–23, 3 b 6, ag1 7, ps1 2–3, ps2 2–3, ps3 3. Legs. (Fig. 81 a) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-9(1), 1-0-3-1-4-9(1), 1-1-2-1-3-5, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 4 long; ta II 3 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c absent; seta 4b absent; tr I–III without seta v ′; ge I–II without seta d, l′′; ta IV without setae tc ′, tc′′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 3). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 130–155, sc2-sc2 65–67; other measurements: v2-v 2 22–25, sc1-sc1 50–53, c1-c 1 17–18, c2-c2 68–74, c3-c3 90, d1-d1 12, d2-d2 60, d3-d3 80, e1- e1 7, e2- e2 67, e3- e3 55, f2-f2 45, f3-f3 30, h1-h1 8, h2-h 2 16–38. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, with longitudinal striations becoming broader medially. Opisthosomal shield absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae. Setae with more elongate proportions than those of adult. Setal lengths: v 2 13–15, sc 1 15–18, sc2 13, c1 12, c 2 15–17, c 3 14–17, d 1 17–18, d2 15, d3 15, e1 19, e2 15, e 3 15 –16, f2 16, f3 17, h1 14, h2 15. Palps. (Fig. 81 c) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 5–6 long, venter 4–5 long; tarsal eupathidia 3–4, 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 22–35, 1 b 9–10, 3 a 27–40, ps1 3–4, ps2 3–4, ps3 3–4. Legs. (Fig. 81 b) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-7(1), 0-0-3-1-4-7(1), 0-0-2-1-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 4–6 long, ta II 4–5 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'- pζ" (ta I 4–5 long; ta II 3–4 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I–III nude; ta I–III without seta tc ′, tc′′.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name  sititoris , is masculine Latin for “one who thirsts”, in reference to the dry habitat in which this species lives. </p>
            <p> Remarks. These mites were matt red and found hiding in leaf buds and under leaf scales. Individuals of this species were found in association with  Chaudhripalpus costacola and  Philippipalpus belah . </p>
            <p> Pentamerismus sititoris is similar to  P. hicklingorum and P. w a rd o, but can be separated from these two species by the posterior ventral setae g1–2 and ps1–2 being thick, broadly lanceolate and heavily barbed, and setae ag being palmate and strongly barbed (setae g1–2 fine, setiform and weakly barbed, setae ps1 thicker than ps2–3, and setae ag setiform to lanceolate in  P. hicklingorum and P. w a rd o). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FFBEFF84F387F8CFFC80F8D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF86FFBDF387FA32FE66FDCF.text	194C87D0FF86FFBDF387FA32FE66FDCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pentamerismus wardo Seeman and Beard	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pentamerismus wardo Seeman and Beard sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 82–87)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex.  Allocasuarina scleroclada (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, approx. 3 km N Coomberdale, along Moora-Watheroo Road, 30°24’17” S 116°02’29” E, 15 April 2009, coll. J.J. Beard (WAM) (BRI voucher, BRI [AQ814925]). Paratypes. 6 females, 3 pharate females, 2 males, 2 pharate males, 4 larvae, same data as holotype (WAM, QM, ANIC, USNM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 present. Palp setal formula 0-0-0-2-3(1), with palp tibial setae l’PTi and l′′PTi both present. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with short notch. Dorsal shields with irregular weakly reticulate to rugose mosaic sculpturing; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; lateral margins of opisthosoma with transverse to oblique folds or striae. Posterior ventral setae ag fine, barbed; setae g1–2 fine, barbed; setae ps1– 3 fine, ps1 slightly thicker than ps2–3, ps1–2 barbed, ps3 smooth. Seta 1c absent. Setae d on femora and genua I–II lanceolate; seta ev ′ on femora III fine, smooth; setae v ′, v′′ on tibiae III fine, smooth to weakly barbed.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 7). Dorsum. (Fig. 82 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 220–260 [260], sc2- sc2 105–120 [110]; other measurements: v2-v2 40 –46 [45], sc1-sc1 77–86 [86], c1-c1 49–72 [51], c2-c2 110–135 [110], c3-c3 160–180 [160], d1-d1 33–38 [38], d2-d2 90–115 [98], d3-d3 130–150 [135], e1- e1 36–43 [41], e2-e2 120–140 [130], e3-e3 110–125 [115], f2-f2 96–110 [100], f3-f3 77–89 [80], h1-h 1 24–29 [24], h2-h2 54–63 [54].</p>
            <p>Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with 1 pair of small lobes forming short medial notch (internal depth 9–12). Prodorsal shield with irregular weakly reticulate to rugose mosaic of polygonal cells medially, with cells elongate anteriorly and laterally. Opisthosomal shield with similar pattern to prodorsal shield, except pattern less complete, especially laterally. Lateral cuticle surrounding prodorsal shield smooth to weakly rugose medially, with some weak folds posteriorly; lateral cuticle surrounding opisthosoma with transverse to oblique folds and striae. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate, becoming broader posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 22–27 [22], sc 1 24–27 [24], sc 2 26–31 [26], c 1 22–26 [22], c 2 25–26 [25], c 3 20–23 [20], d 1 16–17 [not measurable], d 2 16–20 [16], d 3 18–20 [18], e 1 15 –17 [not measurable], e 2 17 –19 [17], e 3 19 –21 [19], f 2 17–19 [17], f 3 17–19 [17], h 1 17–18 [17], h 2 18– 20 [18]. Palps. (Fig. 82 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 5–6 [6] long, ventral 7–9 [7] long; tarsal eupathidia 3–4 [3] long, 5 [5] long; solenidion 5–6 [5] long. Venter. (Fig. 83) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal just anterior to setae ag, becoming coarse around genital area. Circular thickening present in metapodal region, ca. 25 diameter, rugose. Setae g1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g2, g2 slightly anterior to g1. Genital shield punctate, margins irregular, 30–32 [32] long, 40–45 [43] wide; anal setae ps1–3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2c thickened, barbed; setae ag1 fine, barbed; g1–2, ps1–2 fine, barbed; ps3 fine, smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 47–52 [47], 1b 18–31 [17], 2b 20–25 [20], 2c 16–20 [17], 3a 49–58 [49], 3b 15–19 [19], 4a 46–55 [46], 4b 11–17 [15], ag 1 12–20 [19], g 1 18–24 [20], g 2 15–22 [15], ps 1 13–15 [13], ps 2 13–14 [13], ps3 7–8 [17]. Spermatheca. Spermathecal tube long, narrow, convoluted, &lt;1 wide,&gt; 70 long. Spermatheca vesicle obscured in all specimens. Genital opening between anal valves and posterior margin of genital shield. Legs. (Fig. 84) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-3-4-9(1), 2-1-3-3-4-9(1), 1-2-2-1-3-5, 1-1-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (9–10 [9] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7 [7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except coxae I without 1c.</p>
            <p>MALE (n = 2). Dorsum. (Fig. 85) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 185–190, sc2-sc2 85–88; other measurements: v2-v 2 26–30, sc1-sc1 63–67, c1-c1 39–41, c2-c2 89–93, c3-c3 120–125, d1-d 1 20–22, d2-d2 70–74, d3-d3 93–97, e1- e 1 29–34, e2- e2 89–93, e3- e3 17, f2-f2 76–77, f3-f3 61–63, h1-h 1 13–14, h2-h2 15. Anterior margin of prodorsum with pair of small lobes forming a short medial notch (internal depth 3–4). Prodorsal, mesonotal and pygidial shields with sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female. Medial soft cuticle striated, lateral cuticle smooth, becoming festo1d posteriorly. Setal lengths: v 2 20–22, sc1 21, sc 2 21–22, c1 18, c 2 19–21, c3 17, d 1 11–13, d2 15, d 3 15–16, e1 12, e2 16, e3 17, f2 16, f 3 16–17, h 1 13–14, h2 15. Palps. (Fig. 85) Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 7–8 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5–6 long; solenidion 4–5 long. Venter. (Fig. 86) Striae entirely transverse, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Posterior opisthosoma with 2 irregular, poorly defined, striated subcircular plates, ca. 30 in diameter; g1–2, ps1–3 on weakly sclerotised anal valves; ps1 modified, thickened. Coxal setae fine, except 2c thickened, barbed. Seta ag1 narrowly lanceolate, barbed; g1 lanceolate; g2, ps2, ps3 smooth; ps1 spine-like, thickened. Setal lengths: 1a 38–48, 1 b 26, 2 b 26, 2 c 13, 3a 30–37, 3 b 18–19, 4 a 47, 4 b 20, ag1 13, g1 11, g 2 11–13, ps 1 11–14, ps2 7, ps3 6–7. Aedeagus. Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 66 long, curved. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus. Legs. (Fig. 85) Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (9–10 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (about 6 long).</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 2). Dorsum. (Fig. 87) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 130–140, sc2-sc2 54– 59; other measurements: v2-v 2 20–22, sc1-sc1 44–48, c1-c 1 17–20, c2-c2 61, c3-c3 87–89, d1-d1 13, d2-d2 51–52, d3-d3 72–76, e1- e 1 8–10, e2- e2 56–61, e3- e3 50–53, f2-f2 36–38, f3-f 3 24–31, h1-h1 4–6, h2-h 2 11–16. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield 54–57 long, 64 wide, defined by numerous longitudinal striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae, becoming obsolete between d1-e1. Setae similar in length to those of adult; setae narrowly lanceolate to thickened, barbed; setae d1 and e1 broadest; setae v2, sc1, sc2, h2 narrowest. Setal lengths: v 2 14–19, sc 1 13–15, sc 2 14–17, c 1 19–20, c2 14, c 3 14– 15, d 1 19–20, d 2 17–18, d 3 17–20, e 1 21 –22, e 2 20 –21, e 3 20 –23, f2 20, f 3 24–26, h 1 24–25, h2 20. Palps. (Fig. 87) Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 4 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 4 long; solenidion 3 long. Vent er. Cuticle with transverse striae to setae 3a, oblique posterior to 3a, transverse to midway between 3a and ps3, then longitudinal anal area, slightly coarser around anal area. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 25–30, 1 b 15, 3a 35–38, ps1 3–4, ps2 4–5, ps3 4–5. Legs. (Fig. 87) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-7(1), 0-0-3-1-4-7(1), 0-0-2-1-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 5 long, ta II 4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (about 4 long). Leg setation as in Table 1.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name,  wardo , is an Australian indigenous word meaning “a little bird” referring specifically to the Willy Wagtail (  Rhipidura leucophrys Latham (  Rhipiduridae )), and is the source of the town name Watheroo, near which this mite was collected. </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pentamerismus wardo is similar to  P. hicklingorum , but can be separated by having two setae on the palp tibia (one seta on the palp tibia of  P. hicklingorum ) and the dorsal cuticle being weakly reticulate (with broadly rounded folds on  P. hicklingorum ). </p>
            <p>Individuals were found buried in the thick pubescence present on the tips of the needle-like stems and branchlets of the host.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF86FFBDF387FA32FE66FDCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF81FFB4F387FD0FFD72F92A.text	194C87D0FF81FFB4F387FD0FFD72F92A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pentamerismus hicklingorum Seeman and Beard	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pentamerismus hicklingorum Seeman and Beard sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 88–94)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Coastal She-Oak,  Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: Southeast Queensland, Beachmere, Bayside Drive, 27° 05′52′′ S, 153°05′21′′ E, 25 June 2010, coll. O.D. Seeman (QM). Paratypes. 8 females, 3 males, 2 deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, 4 larvae, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 present. Palp setal formula 0-0-0-1-3(1), with palp tibial setae l′′PTi absent, l’PTi present. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield notched, forming 1 pair of short rounded lobes. Dorsal shields coarsely rugose with broadly rounded folds and weak reticulation; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate, barbed; lateral margins of opisthosoma coarsely papillate. Setae ag lanceolate, barbed; setae g1–2 fine, barbed; setae ps1–3 fine, ps1 barbed slightly thicker than ps2–3, ps2–3 fine, smooth. Seta 1c absent. Setae d on femora and genua I–II lanceolate; seta ev ′ on femora III fine, smooth; setae v ′, v′′ on tibiae III fine, smooth.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 9). Dorsum. (Figs 88 a, 94) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 230–270 [240], sc2-sc2 105–110 [105]; other measurements: v2-v2 46 –51 [51], sc1-sc1 79–87 [83], c1-c1 51–55 [54], c2-c2 115– 120 [115], c3-c3 155–160 [155], d1-d1 37–44 [37], d2-d2 97–100 [98], d3-d3 140–145 [140], e1- e1 35–41 [36], e2-e2 135–140 [135], e3-e3 120–130 [125], f2-f2 105–120 [110], f3-f3 85–100 [87], h1-h 1 23–31 [24], h2-h2 47– 60 [56]. Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with 1 pair of small rounded lobes, forming short medial notch (internal depth 6–8). Dorsal shields coarsely rugose with broadly rounded folds and weak reticulation (Fig. 94). Lateral cuticle surrounding shields coarsely papillate; cuticle between shields rugose. All dorsal setae barbed, lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 24–30 [25], sc 1 25–28 [25], sc 2 28–31 [31], c 1 25–31 [28], c 2 20–29 [25], c 3 22–26 [26], d 1 19–26 [24], d 2 22–24 [23], d 3 25–27 [27], e 1 18 –22 [18], e 2 20 –25 [23], e 3 18 –21 [20], f 2 18–20 [20], f 3 17–22 [18], h 1 17–19 [19], h 2 17–19 [19]. Palps. (Fig. 88 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 1, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 9–10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 5–6 [6], 6–8 [7] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 89 a) Cuticle with transverse striae, becoming longitudinal just anterior to setae ag, becoming coarse around genital area. Circular thickening present in metapodal region, ca. 25 diameter, weakly rugose. Setae g1 inserted in more-or-less transverse line with g2, g2 slightly anterior to g1. Genital shield mostly smooth, margins irregular, 30–33 [33] long, 41–44 [42] wide; anal setae ps1–3 inserted in longitudinal row on anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2c barbed; setae ag1 lanceolate, barbed; g1–2 fine, barbed; setae ps1–3 fine; ps1 barbed slightly thicker than ps2–3; ps2–3 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 51–58 [54], 1b 25–30 [26], 2b 21–23 [21], 2c 17–18 [18], 3a 40–58 [45], 3b 13–15 [15], 4a 40–45 [45], 4b 11–15 [11], ag 1 16–21 [21], g 1 22–24 [22], g 2 19–22 [19], ps 1 13–15 [15], ps 2 13–14 [14], ps3 7–8 [7]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 89 b) Spermathecal tube long, narrow, convoluted, &lt;1 wide, ca. 130 long, terminating in membranous sac. Spermatheca vesicle visible in 2 specimens: 1 specimen with round spermatheca, ca. 3 diameter; second specimen with elongate spermatheca 6 long, 1–2 wide. Genital opening between anal valves and posterior margin of genital shield. Legs. (Fig. 90) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-3-4-9(1), 2-1-3- 3-4-9(1), 1-2-2-1-3-5, 1-1-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 13–14 [14] long, ta II 13 [13] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7 [6–7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except coxae I without 1c. Setae v' added to tr IV.</p>
            <p>MALE (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 91) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 190–200, sc2-sc2 86–91; other measurements: v2-v2 34 –35, sc1-sc1 68–69, c1-c1 32–33, c2-c2 90–92, c3-c3 115–125, d1-d 1 22–28, d2-d2 73–81, d3-d3 100–105, e1- e1 34–40, e2- e2 90–92, e3- e3 91–96, f2-f2 80–83, f3-f3 63–65, h1-h 1 16–20, h2-h2 41– 45. Anterior margin of prodorsum with pair of small lobes forming a short medial notch (internal depth 5–6). Prodorsal, mesonotal and pygidial shields with sculpture and dorsal setae similar to female. Medial soft cuticle striated, lateral cuticle reticulated to striated. Setal lengths: v 2 21–22, sc1 17, sc2 21, c 1 18–20, c 2 17–22, c 3 16– 17, d 1 13–15, d 2 13–15, d 3 14–16, e 1 13 –15, e 2 15 –16, e 3 15 –16, f2 15, f 3 14–16, h 1 13–15, h 2 15–16. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial seta 8–10 long; tarsal eupathidia 5–6, 7 long; solenidion 7 long. Venter. (Fig. 92 a) Striae entirely transverse, becoming coarse behind cx IV. Posterior opisthosoma with 2 irregular, poorly defined, striated subcircular plates, ca. 25–35 in diameter; g1–2, ps1–3 on weakly sclerotised anal valves. Coxal setae fine, except 2c barbed. Seta ag1 lanceolate, barbed; g1 barbed; g2, ps2, ps3 smooth; ps1 spine-like, thickened. Setal lengths: 1a 38–50, 1 b 22–26, 2 b 15, 2 c 15–17, 3 a 37–45, 3 b 11–15, 4 a 40–45, 4 b 15–25, ag 1 13–16, g1 6–7, g 2 14–15, ps 1 8–14, ps 2 7–10, ps3 6–8. Aedeagus. (Fig. 92 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 65–68 long; curved in 2 preparations. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus. Legs. Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (15–17 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 2). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 185–195, sc2-sc2 90– 91; other measurements: v2-v2 30, sc1-sc1 73–75, c1-c 1 28–30, c2-c2 88–96, c3-c3 122–131, d1-d 1 23–25, d2-d2 81, d3-d3 110–114, e1- e 1 27–28, e2-e2 103–105, e3- e3 95–102, f2-f2 79–90, f3-f3 70–75, h1-h 1 21–22, h2-h2 43– 48. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial lobes or notch. Prodorsal shield poorly defined, with fine oblique-longitudinal striations. Transverse striae between setal row C to midway between rows D and E; then opisthosomal shield region with irregular polygons arranged in oblique to longitudinal pattern. Setae v2, sc1 thickened slightly, barbed; setae sc2 narrowly lanceolate; opisthosomal setae lanceolate. Setal lengths: v 2 10–16, sc 1 15–16, sc 2 15–18, c 1 16–17, c 2 16–21, c 3 21–23, d 1 13–17, d 2 19–20, d3 27, e 1 16 –19, e 2 23 –27, e 3 20 –22, f 2 21–25, f 3 21–22, h 1 16–19, h 2 16–21. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 7 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Striation similar to female; anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine, except 2c barbed; setae ag1 and ps1 with few or no barbs; other setae smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 33–35, 1 b 14– 15, 2 b 10–11, 2 c 13–14, 3 a 25–40, 3 b 8–12, 4 a 19–29, 4 b 7–10, ag 1 13–14, g 1 11–12, ps1 6, ps2 6, ps3 6. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-1-3-3-4-9(1), 2-1-3-3-4-9(1), 1-2-2-1-3-5, 1-0-1-0-3-5. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 6–8 long, ta II 6–7 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (about 5 long). Leg setation as in adult except: tr IV without seta v ′. Setae v' added to tr I–III.</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 145, sc2-sc2 80; other measurements: v2-v2 27, sc1-sc1 66, c1-c1 20, c2-c2 83, c3-c3 110, d1-d1 19, d2-d2 71, d3-d3 92, e1- e1 18, e2- e2 78, e3- e3 70, f2-f2 48, f3-f3 45, h1 missing on left hand side, h2-h2 23. Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Dorsal cuticle similar to deutonymph, except opisthosoma with coarse irregular striae only. Setae similar in length to those of adult; narrowly lanceolate, barbed. Setal lengths: v2 19, sc1 14, sc2 15, c1 19, c2 19, c3 20, d1 17, d2 23, d3 23, e1 23, e2 25, e3 20, f2 24, f3 23, h1 23, h2 18. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 6 long; tarsal eupathidia 3, 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle same as deutonymph. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal and anal setae fine, except 2a with few barbs. Setal lengths: 1a 33, 1 b 8, 2 b 10, 3a 35, 3 b 10, ag1 9, ps1 5, ps2 5, ps3 5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-9(1), 1-0-3-1- 4-9(1), 1-1-2-1-3-5, 0-0-1-0-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (3-4 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph except: seta 2c absent; seta 4b absent; tr I–III without seta v ′; ge I–II without seta d, l′′; ta IV without setae tc ′, tc′′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 4). Dorsum. (Fig. 93) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 110–125, sc2-sc2 56– 59; other measurements: v2-v 2 23–27, sc1-sc1 48–51, c1-c 1 14–17, c2-c2 57–63, c3-c3 81–87, d1-d 1 9–11, d2-d2 51–58, d3-d3 68–74, e1- e1 7, e2- e2 52–57, e3- e3 41–46, f2-f 2 30–35, f3-f 3 22–28, h1-h 1 9–10, h2-h 2 13–14.</p>
            <p>Anterior margin of prodorsum without medial notch. Prodorsal shield absent, with longitudinal striations. Opisthosomal shield absent; coarse, irregular transverse striae, becoming oblique posteriorly. Setae similar in length to those of adult; setae narrowly lanceolate to thickened, barbed; setae d1 and e1 broadest; setae h2 narrowest. Setal lengths: v 2 14–18, sc 1 12–15, sc 2 14–16, c 1 15–19, c2 15, c 3 11–14, d1 20, d 2 14–16, d 3 13–16, e 1 18 –22, e 2 14 –17, e 3 15 –16, f2 15, f 3 15–16, h 1 14–16, h 2 16–18. Palps. (Fig. 93) Palps similar to adult. Tibial seta 6–7 long; tarsal eupathidia both 5 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle with transverse striae to setae 3a, longitudinal to anal area, slightly coarser around anal area. Anal setae ps1–3 on weakly defined anal plates. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28–37, 1 b 13–19, 3 a 32–40, ps1 4–5, ps2 4–5, ps3 4–5. Legs. (Fig. 93) Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-7(1), 0-0-3-1-4-7(1), 0-0-2-1-3-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (4–5 long). Leg setation as in protonymph except: seta 2b absent; seta 3b absent; tr I–III nude; ta I–III without seta tc ′, tc′′.</p>
            <p>Etymology. It is with great pleasure that the manuscript’s second author names this species for his mother’s family, the Hicklings.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Pentamerismus hicklingorum is similar to P. w a rd o, but can be separated by having one seta on the palp tibia (two setae on the palp tibia of P. w a rd o) and the dorsal cuticle having broadly rounded folds (weakly reticulate on P. w a rd o). </p>
            <p>Individual adults were found in close association with their cast nymphal skins (Fig. 94), and often still within the deutonymphal and/or protonymphal skins.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF81FFB4F387FD0FFD72F92A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF88FFB5F387F97EFA78FC98.text	194C87D0FF88FFB5F387F97EFA78FC98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philippipalpus Corpuz-Raros 1978	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Philippipalpus Corpuz-Raros, 1978</p>
            <p> Type species.  Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978 , by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of lanceolate to weakly palmate setae; c2, d2 and f2 absent; setae e 2 in marginal position, aligned with c3, d3, e3, and f3; setae h2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 5-segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1); immature stages with anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps1–3) on weakly developed membranous anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma usually completely concealed by prodorsum; anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch, forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes each bearing setae v2 (usually inserted beneath a fold); genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1c; trochanters I–IV 0-0-1-0 (v ′ absent on tr I–IV; l ′ present on tr III); femora I–IV 3-3 -2-1; genua 1-1-0-0 (d present on ge I–II); tibiae 4-4-2-2 (seta d absent ti III–IV); tarsi I–IV without tc′′. Solenidia of male similar in thickness and length to those of female.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Smiley et al. (1996) and Mesa et al. (2009) described the genus with setae d2 present and e2 absent; however we feel that d2 is in fact absent and e2 is present on the margin, as in most of the related tegopalpine genera (Beard et al. 2013).</p>
            <p> Species of  Philippipalpus are morphologically similar to species in the genera  Tegopalpus and  Chaudhripalpus , as all three genera have dorsal setae c2 absent and three pairs of ps setae present (ps1–3).  Philippipalpus can be separated from both these genera by the presence of dorsal setae e2 (absent in both  Tegopalpus and  Chaudhripalpus ). Species of  Philippipalpus are separated here using subtle differences in ornamentation, striation and measurements, unlike the other genera of Tegopalpinae. We feel that because each new species of  Philippipalpus presented here occupies a single host species, and no other species of flat mite in this subfamily inhabits more than one species of she-oak, it is evidence to support their separation at the species level. Nevertheless, we acknowledge further collecting from a greater geographical range is warranted to test the validity of these species. </p>
            <p> Philippipalpus is unusual in lacking both setae v ′ on all trochanters (l ′ present on tr III) and d on tibiae III–IV. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF88FFB5F387F97EFA78FC98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF89FFA9F387FC2AFAFAFE5B.text	194C87D0FF89FFA9F387FC2AFAFAFE5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros 1978	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978</p>
            <p>(Figs 95–97)</p>
            <p> Philippipalpus agohoi Corpuz-Raros, 1978: 220 , fig. 5. </p>
            <p> Philippipalpus agohoi Smiley et al. (1996) : 172, figs 11–15. </p>
            <p> Type material examined. 5 female paratypes ex. Coastal She-Oak (“Agoho”)  Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae) , THE PHILIPPINES, Cagayan, Sta. Ana, 31 March 1977, coll. J.M. Sotto (USNM, 2 slides). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Distance between setae v2 -h1 300–310. Distance between e2-e2 130–140. Prodorsal shield with oblique depressions, covered with fine reticulate sculpturing. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) strongly papillate-striate. Opisthosomal shield with 4–5 pairs of broad transverse depressions with finely reticulate cuticle within each depression sublaterally; 4–5 smooth ridges in sublateral cuticle associated with depressions; mesonotal region indistinctly separated from pygidial region. Lateral cuticle with&gt; 100 strong papillae. Cuticle between 3a-4a with mixed striae. Vesicle of spermatheca round, 2 x 2, with granulate appearance.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (5 paratypes). Dorsum. (Fig. 95 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 300–310, sc2- sc2 115–125; other measurements: v2-v 2 25–38, sc1-sc1 88–95, c1-c1 35–42, c3-c3 150–165, d1-d 1 26–29, d3-d3 135–150, e1- e 1 16–23, e2-e2 130–140, e3-e3 115–120, f3-f3 90–98, h1-h 1 21–28, h2-h2 58–67. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of the prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 15–19), forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes; setae v2 inserted beneath a fold on the lobes; anterior notch located within a weak depression (Fig. 95 a). Prodorsal shield with fine reticulation of small cells; 4–5 pairs of oblique depressions and associated oblique ridges on lateral margin of shield medad setae sc1–2; laterad cuticle strongly papillate. Three pairs of tiny pores present sublaterally, in longitudinal row. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shield (sejugal region) obviously papillate. Opisthosomal shield with smooth to folded and papillate sculpturing medially between c1–e1; 4–5 pairs of broad transverse depressions with finely reticulate cuticle within each depression sublaterally; 4–5 pairs of smooth transverse ridges in sublateral cuticle between the depressions; lateral cuticle strongly papillate; posterior cuticle between e1–h1 finely striate to reticulate. Paired tiny pores between each of c1–c3, d1–d3, and 2 pairs sublateral to e1; 1 pair of large pores present medad d3–e3 (total 5 pairs of pores visible). All dorsal setae barbed, thick, with triangular cross-section (except e1, h1). Setal lengths: v 2 17– 20, sc 1 18–22, sc 2 21–23, c 1 19–24, c 3 18–23, d 1 13–18, d 3 21–22, e 1 12 –15, e 2 21 –24, e 3 21 –24, f 3 20–23, h 1 14–16, h 2 19–22. Palps. (Fig. 95 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7–8 long, ventral 9–11 long; tarsal eupathidia 5–7 long, 7–8 long; solenidion 6–7 long. Venter. (Fig. 96 a) Cuticle anterolaterad 1a with granular appearance; cuticle between 1b -1a with longitudinal striae; 1a -3a with transverse striae; striae mixed between 3a -3a; 3a -4a with transverse to wavy striae; 4a -4a with mixed striae becoming transverse posterior to 4a, then longitudinal around the genital region. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse line along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g1 inserted slightly posterior to g2. Genital shield membranous, weakly developed, smooth. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 52–78, 1 b 20–28, 2 b 18–22, 2 c 21–23, 3 a 48–74, 3 b 22–31, 4 a 44– 53, 4 b 26–29, ag 1 15–19, g 1 21–25, g 2 18–21, ps 1 14–17, ps 2 13–17, ps 3 9–12. Spermatheca. (Fig. 96 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 100–105 long, ending in a granular, membranous vesicle. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps3. Legs. (Fig. 97) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-8(1), 2-0-3-1-4- 8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 1-0-1-0-2-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (10–11 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'- pζ" (7–8, 8–9 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; tr I–IV without v ′ (l' present on tr III); ge I–II with d, ge I–IV without l ′, ge I–II without l′′; ti III–IV without d; ta I–IV without tc ′′.</p>
            <p>OTHER STAGES. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The redescription of Smiley et al. (1996) reported two setae on genu I, but there is only one dorsal seta present on this segment. Also, they reported the setal count on tarsi I–II as 6(1), but the count is actually 8(1).  Philippipalpus agohoi and  P. flumaquercus are similar in that they both have strongly papillate dorsolateral cuticle, and can be separated from  P. nigraquercus and  P. belah that both have smooth to weakly papillate dorslateral cuticle.  Philippipalpus agohoi can be separated from  P. flumaquercus by having a finely reticulate prodorsum, while the latter has a coarsely rugose prodorsum. </p>
            <p> The host genus,  Casuarina , is the most widespread genus in the family, and  Ca. equisetifolia is the most widely distributed species within the genus, with a littoral distribution ranging across tropical and subtropical coastlines of northern and northeastern Australia, Burma to Vietnam, Malesia, Melanesia and Polynesia (Johnson &amp; Wilson 1989). This plant has also been introduced to the southern United States, West Africa and Madagascar (Johnson &amp; Wilson 1989). The wide present day distribution of  Ca. equisetifolia is an example of the ability of  Casuarinaceae species to achieve dispersal by wind and sea (and highly likely by humans) (Steane et al. 2003). In a phylogenetic study by Steane et al. (2003), two subspecies of  Ca. equisetifolia , subsp.  equisetifolia and subsp. incana, collected from Queensland, Australia, grouped with  Casuarina species from the Indomalesian region, rather than with other Australian endemic species. Such a grouping suggests that  Ca. equisetifolia is either a relatively new species that came to Australia from Indomalesia, or it evolved in Australia (from an ancestor shared with the other Indomalesian taxa) and then dispersed to other regions (Steane et al. 2003). The origin of this species is of great interest in terms of the origin of  Ph. agohoi which is the only non-Australian species in the Tegopalpinae. Records of  Ca. equisetifolia from India, the Mascarene Islands (near Madagascar) and other tropical areas are regarded as relatively recent deliberate or accidental introductions (Johnson &amp; Wilson 1989). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF89FFA9F387FC2AFAFAFE5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF95FFACF387FD9BFBB2FE5A.text	194C87D0FF95FFACF387FD9BFBB2FE5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philippipalpus flumaquercus Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Philippipalpus flumaquercus Beard and Seeman sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 98–102)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. River She-Oak  Casuarina cunninghamiana (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: Queensland, nr Biggenden, 3 km ENE Didcot, Didcot Creek, 25°27’54’’ S 151°53’47’’ E, 29 August 2004, coll. J.J. Beard and P.I. Forster (QM). Paratypes. 6 females, 1 deutonymph, 1 protonymph, same data as holotype (QM, ANIC, USNM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Distance between setae v2 -h1 330–340. Distance between e2-e2 115–125. Prodorsal shield laterally with coarse folded sculpturing, medially with coarse reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) strongly papillate-striate. Opisthosomal shield with somewhat distinct paired mesonotal shields and pygidial shield; mesonotal region distinctly separated into 2 shields by smooth cuticle with a few coarse irregular longitudinal folds mesally; mesonotal and pygidial regions separated by smooth region with irregular transverse folds between d1-e1. Lateral cuticle with&gt; 80 strong papillae. Cuticle between 3a-4a entirely transverse to wavy. Vesicle of spermatheca round, 1.5 x 1.5, without grainy appearance.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 7). Dorsum. (Fig. 98 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 330–340 [330], sc2- sc2 105–115 [110]; other measurements: v2-v 2 24–33 [33], sc1-sc1 83–90 [89], c1-c 1 27–32 [32], c3-c3 140–145 [145], d1-d 1 15–20 [18], d2-d2 130–135 [129], d3-d3 115–125 [120], e1- e 1 13–19 [18], e3-e3 100–115 [105], f3-f3 79–90 [84], h1-h 1 21–30 [26], h2-h2 49–65 [56]. Gnathosoma concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch (internal depth 21–26 [25]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing v2 (inserted ventrally). Prodorsal shield laterally with coarse folded sculpturing, medially with coarse reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Opisthosomal shield with somewhat distinct paired mesonotal shields and pygidial shield; mesonotal region distinctly separated into 2 shields by smooth cuticle with few coarse irregular longitudinal folds mesally; mesonotal and pygidial regions separated by smooth region with irregular transverse folds between d1-e1. Surrounding cuticle almost completely papillate, papillae irregular. All dorsal shield setae short, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, thick, triangular in cross-section; medial setae only slightly broader than lateral setae. Setal lengths: v 2 15–20 [20], sc 1 14–17 [15], sc 2 18–20 [20], c 1 17–21 [21], c 3 17–19 [19], d 1 13–17 [14], d 2 16–20 [18], d 3 16–18 [17], e 1 10 –12 [11], e 3 16 –18 [18], f 3 14–20 [18], h 1 11–14 [12], h 2 15–18 [17]. Palps. (Fig. 98 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 6 [6] long, ventral 8–9 [8] long; tarsal eupathidia 4 [5], 5–6 [6] long; solenidion 5–6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 99 a) Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1a. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse line along posterior margin of genital shield; setae g1 inserted slightly posterior to g2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 35–55 [35], 1b 13–19 [14], 2b 15–23 [18], 2c 18–20 [20], 3a 35–50 [50], 3b 11–12 [12], 4a 31–40 [31], 4b 14–19 [15], ag 1 10–14 [10], g 1 17–23 [19], g 2 16–20 [16], ps 1 14– 15 [15], ps 2 12–18 [18], ps 3 7–10 [10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 99 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, ca. 100–115 [110] long. Spermatheca vesicle small, rounded to bean-shaped (1.5 x 1.5), without accessory structures, without granular appearance. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps3. Legs. (Fig. 100) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-8(1), 2-0-3-1-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 1-0-1-0-2-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (10–11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7 [6–7] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; tr I–IV without v ′ (l' present on tr III); ge I–II with d, ge I–III without l ′, ge I–II without v ′; tibiae III– IV without d; ta I–IV without tc ′′.</p>
            <p>MALE. Unknown.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. (Fig. 101) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 285, sc2-sc2 92; other measurements: v2-v2 24, sc1-sc1 76, c1 not expressed on left hand side, c3-c3 121, d1-d1 17, d2-d2 105, d3-d3 93, e1- e1 15, e3- e3 86, f3-f3 66, h1-h1 21, h2-h2 43. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially; with small lobe between setae v2 beneath margin of shield. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with weak wrinkled sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern. Opisthosomal shield appears absent, cuticle mostly folded transversely, becoming oblique-longitudinal posteriorly. Pore visible laterad c1. All dorsal shield setae short, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, thick, triangular in cross-section. Setal lengths: v2 22, sc1 broken, sc2 21, c1 15, c3 21, d1 16, d2 20, d3 19, e1 14, e3 19, f3 18, h1 13, h2 17. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 4 long, ventral 5 long; tarsal eupathidia both 4 long; solenidion 4 long. Venter. (Fig. 102 a) Cuticle mostly smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 39, 1 b 8, 2 b 8, 2 c 17, 3a 35, 3 b 8, 4a 35, 4 b 9, ag1 9, g1 14, ps1 12, ps2 8, ps3 7. Legs. (Fig. 102 b) Setal formula for legs I–IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 6 long, ta II 5 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ' - pζ" (4–5 long).</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 1). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 235, sc1-sc1 74; other measurements: v2-v2 24, sc2-sc2 85, c1-c1 21, c3-c3 110, d1-d1 15, d2-d2 86, d3-d3 80, e1- e1 11, e3- e3 71, f3-f3 53, h1-h1 33, h2-h2 16. Anterior margin of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially, with small lobe between setae v2, beneath margin of shield. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with wrinkled-grooved sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern. Opisthosomal shield absent; cuticle with sparse transverse folds, becoming obliquelongitudinal posteriorly. All dorsal shield short, barbed, thick. Setal lengths: v2 22, sc1 14, sc2 17, c1 16, c3 16, d1 9, d2 16, d3 15, e1 9, e3 15, f3 16, h1 10, h2 15. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, ventral 4 long; tarsal eupathidia both 4 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital-anal region. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 28, 1 b 10, 2 c 15, 3a 20, 3 b 8, ag1 7, ps1 4, ps2 4, ps3 4. Legs. (Fig. 102 c) Setal formula (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 0- 0-1-0-2-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 5, 4 long; ta II 5, 3 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; genua I–III without l ′; tibiae III–IV without d; tarsi I– III without tc ′′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific name derives from the latinisation of the common name “River Oak”.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Females of  Ph. flumaquercus have slightly smaller features than female  Ph. agohoi , even though the body size is greater (328–340 versus 300–310 for v2 -h1). In addition,  P. flumaquercus can be separated from  P. agohoi by having a coarsely rugose prodorsum, while the latter has a finely reticulate prodorsum. </p>
            <p> These mites were collected from the needle-like stems of the host plant, which was growing in woodland with  Corymbia tessellaris and  Eucalyptus tereticornis , both  Myrtaceae , on sandy alluvium. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF95FFACF387FD9BFBB2FE5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF9EFFA1F387FC43FA64FEEF.text	194C87D0FF9EFFA1F387FC43FA64FEEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philippipalpus belah Beard and Seeman	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Philippipalpus belah Beard and Seeman sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 103–104)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex.  Belah Casuarina cristata (Casuarinaceae) . AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Newell Highway, approx. 15 km N Moree, 86 km S Goondiwindi, 29°21’20” S 150°00’24” E, 21 August.2007, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). Paratypes. 2 females, same data as holotype (QM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Distance between setae v2 -h1 305–315. Distance between e2-e2 115–120. Prodorsal shield laterally with irregular weak folded sculpturing in a longitudinal-oblique pattern, medially with weak folded to reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate. Opisthosomal shield with indistinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions indistinctly separated from each other by irregular folded cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region not noticeably demarcated. Lateral cuticle with &lt;40 weak papillae primarily lateral to opisthosomal shield; cuticle lateral to prodorsal shield mostly smooth. Cuticle between 3a-4a entirely transverse. Spermatheca round, 2 x 2, without grainy appearance.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 3). Dorsum. (Fig. 103 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 307–315 [315], sc2- sc2 105–105 [105]; other measurements: v2-v 2 27–30 [29], sc1-sc1 80–82 [82], c1-c 1 28–32 [31], c3-c3 135–140 [140], d1-d 1 17–19 [18], d3-d3 125–130 [125], e1- e 1 17–20 [18], e2-e2 115–120 [115], e3-e3 100–105 [100], f3-f3 80–82 [82], h1-h 1 20–26 [26], h2-h2 51–55 [55]. Gnathosoma concealed beneath the prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch (internal depth 21–23 [23]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing v2 (inserted dorsally). Prodorsal shield laterally with irregular weak folded sculpturing in a longitudinaloblique pattern, medially with weak folded to reticulate sculpturing; without depressions. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate. Opisthosomal shield with indistinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions indistinctly separated from each other by irregular folded cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region not noticeably demarcated; pair of strong longitudinal folds laterad d1-d1; irregular transverse folds between d1-e1; longitudinal folds to weak reticulation between e1-h1. Lateral cuticle with &lt;40 weak papillae primarily lateral to opisthosomal shield; cuticle lateral to prodorsal shield mostly smooth. All dorsal shield setae short, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, thick, triangular in cross-section; medial setae only slightly broader than lateral setae: v2 15 [15], sc1 14 [14], sc 2 17–18 [18], c 1 17–19 [19], c 3 15– 16 [16], d 1 15–16 [15], d 3 16–17 [17], e 1 13 –14 [13], e 2 15 –17 [16], e 3 15 –17 [15], f 3 16–19 [17], h 1 12–14 [13], h 2 16–18 [18]. Palps. (Fig. 103 b) Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 6–7 [6] long, ventral 8–10 [10] long; tarsal eupathidia 5 [5], 5–7 [6] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. (Fig. 104 a) Cuticle anterolaterad 1a with granular appearance; 1b -1a with longitudinal striae; 1a -4a with transverse striae; cuticle posterior to cx IV transverse, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g1 inserted slightly posterior to g2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 34– 44 [44], 1b 17–18 [17], 2b 12–13 [13], 2c 16–18 [16], 3a 40–48 [48], 3b 16 [16], 4a 29–38 [29], 4b 13–16 [16], ag1 15 [15], g 1 17–19 [19], g 2 16–18 [18], ps 1 14–16 [16], ps 2 15–17 [15], ps 3 13–14 [14]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 104 b) Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 95–110 [95] long, ending in small rounded membranous vesicle (2 x 2), subtended by 1 pair of minute circular accessory structures. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps3. Legs. (Figs 103 a, 104c) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-8(1), 2-0-3-1-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 1-0-1-0- 2-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (9–10 [9] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 7–8 [7] long; ta II 6 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1c; tr I–IV without v ′ (l' present on tr III); ge I–III without l ′, ge I–II without v ′; ti III–IV without d; ta I–IV without tc ′′.</p>
            <p>OTHER STAGES. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name refers to the common name of the host “  Belah ”. </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Philippipalpus belah lacks the extensive papillation on the soft cuticle around both dorsal shields that is present in  Philippipalpus agohoi and  Ph. flumaquercus .  Philippipalpus belah females have smoother cuticle lateral to the opisthosomal shields, and more medial wrinkles and folds between setae c1-h1 than do females of  Ph. nigraquercus . This species was found in association with  Pentamerismus sititoris and  Chaudhripalpus costacola . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF9EFFA1F387FC43FA64FEEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF9DFFA5F387FE2FFEC5FF7A.text	194C87D0FF9DFFA5F387FE2FFEC5FF7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philippipalpus nigraquercus Seeman and Beard	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Philippipalpus nigraquercus Seeman and Beard sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 105–106)</p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. Black She-Oak  Allocasuarina littoralis (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory, Symonston, Canberra, Mugga Lane, 35°23’05” S 149°08’10” E, 25 February 2009, coll. J.J.Beard. Paratypes. 3 females, 1 male, 4 deutonymphs, 4 protonymphs, same data as holotype (QM). </p>
            <p> Non-type material examined. 1 female ex.  Allocasuarina littoralis , AUSTRALIA: Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Gordon, Murrumbidgee River, Point Hut Crossing, 35°27’04” S 149°04’31” E, 27 January 2009, coll. J.J. Beard (QM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Distance between setae v2 -h1 330–350. Distance between e2-e2 135–145. Prodorsal shield with coarse irregular oblique folds and narrow depressions sublaterally; medially with weaker folded to weakly reticulate sculpturing. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striatereticulate. Opisthosomal shield with distinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions separated from each other by smooth cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region separated by band of somewhat smooth cuticle with weak irregular transverse striae; with distinct longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c1- h1, cuticle finely punctate. Lateral cuticle with 20–40 weak papillae. Cuticle between 3a-4a with mixed striae. Spermatheca elongate, 2 x 1, with grainy appearance.</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 5). Dorsum. (Fig. 105) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 330–350 [345], sc2- sc2 110–115 [115]; other measurements: v2-v 2 26–32 [32], sc1-sc1 84–87 [84], c1-c 1 29–31 [29], c3-c3 150–160 [150], d1-d 1 18–20 [18], d3-d3 125–130 [130], e1- e 1 13–18 [18], e2-e2 135–145 [145], e3-e3 110–120 [120], f3-f3 84–93 [93], h1-h 1 28–32 [32], h2-h2 60–71 [71]. Gnathosoma concealed by prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 20–22 [20]) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing setae v2. Prodorsal shield with coarse irregular oblique folds and weak narrow depressions sublaterally; medially with weaker folded to weakly reticulate sculpturing and region of smooth cuticle with fine punctations. Cuticle between prodorsal and opisthosomal shields (sejugal region) weakly striate-reticulate. Opisthosomal shield with distinct paired mesonotal regions and pygidial region; mesonotal regions separated from each other by smooth cuticle; mesonotal and pygidial region separated by band of somewhat smooth cuticle with weak irregular transverse striae; with distinct longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c1-h1, cuticle finely punctate. Lateral soft cuticle mostly smooth, with 20–40 weak papillae. All dorsal shield short, thick, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges, triangular in cross-section (except e1). Setal lengths: v 2 16–19 [19], sc 1 14–15 [15], sc 2 19–21 [21], c 1 17–20 [17], c 3 17–19 [17], d 1 15–19 [19], d 3 19–21 [21], e 1 9 –12 [12], e 2 18 –21 [19], e 3 17 –18 [18], f 3 18–20 [20], h 1 12–14 [14], h 2 17–19 [19]. Palps. Setal formula 0, 0, 0, 2, 3(1s+2e). Tibial setae, dorsal 7–8 [8] long, ventral 10–12 [12] long; tarsal eupathidia, thin 5 [5] long, thick 6–7 [7] long; solenidion 6 [6] long. Venter. Cuticle anterolaterad 1a with granular appearance; cuticle between 1b-1a with longitudinal striae; 1a-3a with transverse striae; striae mixed between 3a-3a; cuticle between 3a-4a with transverse to wavy striae; 4a-4a with mixed striae becoming transverse posterior to 4a; 4a to genital region with longitudinal striae. Genital setae inserted in more-orless transverse row along posterior margin of genital shield, setae g1 inserted slightly posterior to g2. Genital shield smooth, weakly developed, membranous. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 38–58 [38], 1b 20–23 [20], 2b 16– 18 [16], 2c 17–20 [17], 3a 35–57 [35], 3b 9–16 [9], 4a 26–35 [35], 4b 13–14 [13], ag 1 15–18 [18], g 1 22–23 [23], g 2 22–23 [23], ps 1 10–11 [11], ps2 16 [16], ps 3 16–18 [17]. Spermatheca. Spermathecal tube long and narrow, 95– 110 [95] long. Spermatheca vesicle small (2 x 2 Μm), rounded, subtended by 1 pair of circular accessory structures. Genital opening anteromedad anal setae ps3. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-1-4-8(1), 2-0- 3-1-4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 1-0-1-0-2-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (9–11 [10] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–7 [6] long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: coxae I without 1c; tr I–IV without v ′ (l' present on tr III); ge I–III without l ′, ge I–II without v ′; ti III–IV without d; ta I–IV without tc ′′.</p>
            <p>MALE (n = 1). Dorsum. (Fig. 106) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 245, sc2-sc2 86; other measurements: v2-v2 20, sc1-sc1 65, c1-c1 25, c3-c3 113, d1-d1 11, d2-d2 94, d3-d3 85, e1- e1 13, e3- e3 76, f3-f3 58, h1-h1 10, h2-h2 36. Gnathosoma concealed beneath prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with deep medial notch (internal depth 20) forming 1 pair of broad fleshy lobes, each bearing setae v2. Prodorsal shield with wrinkled oblique ridge-like sculpturing sublaterally; medial cuticle mostly smooth with minute punctations. Opisthosoma with well developed mesonotal and pygidial shields; cuticle on shields with wrinkled or folded sculpturing and fine punctations. Three pairs of large pores visible, 1 pair each medad c3, medad d3, between e2- e3. Cuticle between shields with strong widely separated folds. Lateral soft cuticle mostly smooth, with some papillae laterad setae d3-e3. All dorsal shield short, lanceolate, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges; medial setae broader than lateral setae: v2 16, sc1 15, sc2 16, c1 14, c3 17, d1 10, d2 14, d3 17, e1 9, e3 15, f3 17, h1 11, h2 17. Palps. Palps similar to female. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 7 long; tarsal eupathidia both 6 long; solenidion 5 long. Vent er. Cuticle between 1a-1a with longitudinal striae, all remaining striae transverse, becoming coarse on opisthosoma. Coxal setae fine, except 2c slightly thicker than other setae. Setae ag1, g1, g2, ps2, ps3 slightly thickened, with few barbs; setae ps1 modified to form thick blades (sexually dimorphic). Setal lengths: 1a 50, 1 b 17, 2 b 15, 2 c 15, 3a 26, 3 b 13, 4a 35, 4 b 11, ag1 13, g1 12, g2 13, ps1 16, ps2 4, ps3 4. Aedeagus. Narrow, sclerotised, tapering; straight for 35, then curved for 33, apically bent and fine for ca. 40. Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus, becoming indistinguishable. Legs. Setal formula same as female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 13 long, ta II 12 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 8 long; ta II 7 long). Solenidia slightly thicker and longer than in female.</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 240–290, sc2-sc2 83– 98; other measurements: v2-v 2 22–27, sc1-sc1 69–80, c1-c 1 22–28, c3-c3 110–133, d1-d 1 14–18, d2-d2 88–110 (1 specimen with 2 setae in d2 position on left hand side only), d3-d3 85–110, e1- e 1 13–14, e3- e3 73–90, f3-f3 58–69, h1-h 1 17–24, h2-h 2 27–48. Anterior margins of prodorsum rounded, not incised medially. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with few wrinkles or folds. Opisthosomal shields not developed, cuticle mostly folded transversely, becoming oblique-longitudinal posteriorly. All dorsal setae short, lanceolate, barbed, with longitudinal barbed ridges. Setal lengths: v 2 18–22, sc1 69–80, sc 2 16–21, c 1 17–21, c 3 20–22, d 1 11–18, d 2 18–21, d 3 18–20, e 1 9 – 13, e 3 17 –21, f 3 17–20, h 1 11–17, h 2 18–20. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 7 long, 4–5 long; tarsal eupathidia 5, 3 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genital area. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 35–40, 1 b 10–16, 2 b 11–13, 2 c 17–20, 3 a 29–30, 3 b 9– 12, 4 a 26–30, 4 b 8–12, ag 1 8–11, g 1 13–15, ps 1 9–10, ps2 7–9, ps3 6–7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV same as adult. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5, 4 long).</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 180–205, sc1-sc1 65– 66; other measurements: v2-v 2 16–22, sc2-sc2 73–78, c1-c 1 18–22, c3-c3 95–105, d1-d 1 13–15, d2-d2 74–79, d3- d3 67–74, e1- e1 6–8, e3- e3 58–70, f3-f3 45–50, h1-h 1 10–14, h2-h 2 28–32. Prodorsal shield weakly developed with few wrinkles or folds. Opisthosomal shields absent; cuticle with sparse wrinkles or folds and coarse striae. All dorsal shield short, lanceolate, barbed. Setal lengths: v 2 17–18, sc 1 14–16, sc 2 17–19, c 1 15–18, c 3 15–18, d 1 14– 16, d2 17, d 3 18–20, e 1 9 –10, e 3 15 –17, f 3 15–17, h 1 11–14, h 2 13–17. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Tibial setae, dorsal 6 long, ventral 4 long; tarsal eupathidia 4, 3 long; solenidion 3 long. Venter. Cuticle smooth, with transverse striae behind cx IV, abruptly becoming longitudinal to genital area; fine striae become coarse lateral to genitoanal region. Striae broken in small area anteromedial to 1a. All coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 30, 1 b 11–12, 2 c 12– 15, 3 a 20–25, 3 b 8, ag1 6, ps1 4–5, ps2 3–5, ps3 3–5. Legs. Setal formula (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-4-8(1), 1-0-3-0- 4-8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 0-0-1-0-2-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (ta I 4 long; ta II 4, 3 long). Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1c; ge I–III without l ′; ti III–IV without d; ta I–III without tc ′′.</p>
            <p>LARVA. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific name derives from the latinisation of the common name of the host “Black Oak”.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Philippipalpus nigraquercus lacks the extensive papillation of soft cuticle around both dorsal shields that is present in  Philippipalpus agohoi and  Ph. flumaquercus .  Philippipalpus nigraquercus females have more papillate cuticle lateral to the opisthosomal shields, smoother cuticle between setae c1-h1 than do females of  Ph. belah . Regarding the latter difference, female of  Ph. nigraquercus have a medial longitudinal band of smooth cuticle between c1-h1, whereas the cuticle in this region on  Ph. belah is wrinkled and folded similar to the lateral opisthosoma. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF9DFFA5F387FE2FFEC5FF7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF99FFA5F387FE8FFEA9FC30.text	194C87D0FF99FFA5F387FE8FFEA9FC30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tegopalpus Womersley 1940	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tegopalpus Womersley, 1940</p>
            <p> Type species.  Tegopalpus conicus Womersley, 1940 , by monotypy. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. All life stages: dorsal opisthosoma with 9 pairs of short broadly lanceolate setae; c2, d2, e2 and f2 absent; setae h2 similar in size and form to other dorsal setae; palps 3-segmented, palp setal formula 0, 0, 2(1); immature stages with anterior of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without projections/notches; ventral plate absent; 3 pairs of pseudanal setae (ps1–3) on weakly developed membranous anal plates. Adult female: gnathosoma completely concealed by prodorsum; cuticle between gnathosoma and prodorsum produced into 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular membranous lobes (with median notch formed between the lobes), anterior to and folded under anterior margin of prodorsum and setae v2, often appear slightly retracted back into body; genital plate weakly developed, membranous; metapodal plates not developed; coxae I without 1c; trochanters I–IV 0-0-1-0 (v ′ absent on tr I–IV); femora I–IV 3-3 -2-1; genua I–IV nude; tibiae I–IV 3-3 -2-2 (v′′ absent on ti I–IV); tarsi I–IV without tc′′. Solenidia of male of similar thickness and length as in female.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This monotypic genus is close to  Chaudhripalpus , differing only in having a three-segmented palp (instead of four) and tibiae I–IV lacking setae v′′. Here, we tentatively retain  Chaudhripalpus as a separate genus, as the three-segmented palp of  Tegopalpus is autapomorphic within the Tegopalpinae and mites found on  Casuarinaceae . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF99FFA5F387FE8FFEA9FC30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF99FF56F387FC55FE89FE3F.text	194C87D0FF99FF56F387FC55FE89FE3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tegopalpus conicus Womersley 1940	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tegopalpus conicus Womersley, 1940</p>
            <p>(Figs 107–123)</p>
            <p> Tegopalpus conicus Womersley, 1940: 242 , fig. 4. </p>
            <p> Tegopalpus conicus, Smiley et al. 2009: 168 , figs 1–6. </p>
            <p> Type material examined. Holotype female ex. C asuarina sp. (  Casuarinaceae ), AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Avalon Beach, 26 August1934, coll. Womersley (SAM, N1970401). Paratypes. 1 male and 1 larva, same data as holotype (1 slide; SAM, N1970400). </p>
            <p> Non-type material examined. 10 females, 2 deutonymphs, 2 protonymphs, and 4 larvae ex. Swamp She-Oak C asuarina  glauca (Casuarinaceae) , AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Des Creagh Reserve, 35 km N of Sydney, Avalon Beach, 33º37’59” S 151º19’56” E, 24 January 2012, coll. J.J. Beard (QM, SAM, ANIC, USNM; many more in alcohol); 1 female ex. same host, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Dee Why, 18 km N of Sydney, Hawkesbury Avenue, 33º45’00” S 151º17’37” E, 24 January 2012, coll. J.J. Beard (QM); 4 females, 2 males, 2 deutonymphs, 1 protonymph, and 1 larva, ex. same host, AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Beachmere, Bayside Drive, 27°05’50’’S, 153°05’20’’E, 15 February 2009, coll. O.D. Seeman (QM); 3 females, 1 male, 1 protonymph, and 1 larva ex. same host, AUSTRALIA: Dutton Park State School, 27º29’38’’ S 153º01’43’’ E, 16 June 2011, coll. O.D. Seeman (QM). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Prodorsal shield with fine longitudinal to oblique folds centrally, with weak reticulate pattern posterolaterally. Opisthosomal shield with fine oblique folds sublaterally; with fine longitudinal folds posterior e1- e1; with stronger transverse folds just anterior d1-d1 and between d1-e1. Lateral cuticle weakly to coarsely papillate. Dorsal cuticle finely punctate. Dorsal setae concave in shape (scoop-shaped).</p>
            <p>FEMALE (n = 19). Dorsum. (Figs 107 a, 108, 109, 110b, 111a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 305–335 [320]; sc2-sc2 105–125 [115]; other measurements: v2-v 2 26–36 [32], sc1-sc1 88–100 [89], c1-c 1 15–25 [20], c3-c3 130–145 [140], d1-d 1 18–24 [21], d3-d3 115–125 [115], e1- e 1 19–28 [21], e3-e3 105–120 [107], f3-f3 83–97 [87], h1-h 1 21–34 [21], h2-h2 54–67 [54]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 109, 110 a, 111). Cuticle between gnathosoma and prodorsum produced into 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular membranous lobes (Figs 110, 111) (with median notch formed between lobes); median notch anterior and ventral to setae v2 (notch internal depth 19–26); lobes can sometimes be retracted beneath anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 110, 111 a); setae v2 inserted just ventral to, or on edge of, anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 107 a, 108, 110a, 111a). Prodorsum with 6–8 strong longitudinal to oblique folds running almost entire length of shield centrally; cuticle with many fine folds and finely punctate, with some fine folds and weak reticulation in posterior lateral corner. Opisthosoma finely punctate with 2 transverse to oblique folds across shield, between c1- d1 and d1-e1; cuticle laterad c1-c1 and d1-d1 finely reticulate and folded; cuticle in general with many fine oblique folds and wrinkles, becoming longitudinal posteriorly. Soft cuticle laterad shield strongly colliculate-papillate (sculpturing on Queensland material much weaker than material from type locality). All dorsal setae short, weakly spatulate, barbed; dorsal setae with distinctly concave ventral surface, forming a scoop (Figs 107, 113 b, 119b); setae d1 and e1 much smaller than other dorsal setae. Setal lengths: v 2 16–20 [17], sc 1 14–18 [not measurable], sc 2 15–20 [not measurable], c 1 10–16 [not measurable], c 3 15–20 [16, 18], d1 6–9 [not measurable], d 3 15–19 [17], e1 4 –8 [not measurable], e 3 15 –18 [18], f 3 15–19 [17], h 1 11–16 [not measurable], h 2 13–19 [16, 17]. Palps. (Figs 107 b, 110a) Setal formula 0, 0, 2 (1s+1e); seta-like tarsal eupathidium 5–12 long [not measurable]; solenidion 6–9 long [not measurable]. Venter. (Figs 110 a, 112a, 113) Cuticle between 1b -1b with transverse striae; 1b -1a with longitudinal striae; 1a -3a with transverse striae; 3a -4a with longitudinal striae; cuticle posterior to 4a with small area of transverse to mixed striae becoming longitudinal to ag and coarse around genital region; cuticle on anal plates with weak oblique striae. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row on genital flap, with g1 slightly posterior to g2. Anal setae ps1–3 short, fine, inserted along medial margin of anal plates in more-or-less longitudinal line. Coxal setae fine; setae 1a, 3a, 4a finely tapered. Setal lengths: 1a 35–62 [56], 1b 12–22 [19], 2b 11–24 [21], 2c 11–21 [21], 3a 31–61 [31], 3b 12–21 [15], 4a 21–59 [42], 4b 14–20 [16], ag 1 6–15 [15], g 1 12–20 [20], g 2 11–20 [20], ps 1 8–13 [11], ps 2 8–12 [10], ps 3 5–11 [9, 10]. Spermatheca. (Fig. 112 b) Not visible in holotype. Spermathecal tube narrow, coiled, maximum 1 wide, ca. 75–100 long, ending in small rounded vesicle 2 long, 2 wide, subtended by small sac 1 long, 1 wide. Genital opening just anterior to setae ps3. Legs. (Fig. 114) Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-3-8(1), 2-0-3-0-3-8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 1-0-1-0-2-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 8–11 [8, 9] long, ta II 9–12 [9] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (6–8 [6] long). Solenidia are of similar size to the male (Fig. 115). One specimen with an aberrant setal count of 3 on 1 ge III. Leg setation as in Table 1 except: cx I without 1c; tr I–IV without v ′ (l' present on tr III); ge I–IV nude; ti I–IV without v′′; ta I–IV without tc′′.</p>
            <p>MALE (n = 2). Dorsum. (Figs 116, 117, 119 a). Paratype measurements in brackets. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 220–230 [230]; sc2-sc2 80–91 [91]; other measurements: v2-v 2 22–25 [25], sc1-sc1 63–72 [72], c1-c 1 14–16 [14], c3-c3 95–98 [98], d1-d 1 10–11 [10], d3-d3 73–79 [79], e1- e 1 14–17 [17], e3- e3 70– 76 [76], f3-f3 56–63 [63], h1-h 1 11–15 [15], h2-h2 34–42 [42]. Gnathosoma completely concealed beneath anterior margin of prodorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with a deep medial notch forming 1 pair of blunt, broadly triangular lobes as in female, can appear to be retracted beneath anterior margin of prodorsum; setae v2 inserted just ventral to, or on edge of, anterior margin of prodorsum (Figs 116, 117, 119 a). Prodorsal cuticle with multiple longitudinal to oblique folds running along almost entire length of shield. Opisthosoma with mesonotal and pygidial shields, separated by a band of transversely folded soft cuticle; shields with weak reticulate and folded cuticle. Soft cuticle laterad shield strongly colliculate-papillate (sculpturing on Queensland material much weaker than material from type locality). All dorsal setae short, weakly spatulate, barbed; dorsal setae with distinctly concave ventral surface forming a scoop (Fig. 119 b); setae d1 and e1 much smaller than other dorsal setae. Setal lengths: v 2 15–20 [18, 20], sc 1 13–15 [14, 15], sc 2 15–18 [17, 18], c 1 13–14 [13], c 3 14–15 [14, 15], d1 5–8 [6], d 3 14–15 [15], e1 5 –6 [4, 5], e 3 14 –16 [15, 16], f 3 14–15 [14, 15], h 1 12–14 [12, 13], h 2 11–15 [15]. Palps. Palps similar to female. Solenidion 8–11 [11] long, seta-like eupathidium 7–13 [13] long. Venter. (Figs 118 a, 119b) Cuticle mostly with fine striae between 1a -4a; broadly separated transverse striae between 4a -ag; weak, broadly separated transverse striae between ag -g1–2. Genital setae inserted in more-or-less transverse row. Anal setae ps2– 3 fine, inserted in transverse row laterad ps1; ps1 modified into thick, straight, spur-like setae (Figs 118 a, 119b). Coxal, genital and anal setae fine; setae 1a, 3a, 4a finely tapered and difficult to determine total length. Setal lengths: 1a 45–63 [50, 65], 1b 14–19 [19], 2b 11–18 [18], 2c 13–16 [16], 3a 30–53 [50, 53], 3b 8–17 [17], 4a 37– 67 [67], 4b 10–18 [18], ag 1 9–10 [9, 10], g 1 7–10 [10], g 2 8–13 [12, 13], ps 1 5–13 [13], ps 2 7–11 [7], ps3 5–8 [7, 8]. Aedeagus. (Fig. 118 b) Narrow, sclerotised, tapering to a point, 41–42 [42] long (bent tip is possibly artefact of slide mounting). Membranous duct runs from inside aedeagus for about 55, reaching partially distinguishable membranous sac, at least 10 wide, 10 long (not visible in paratype). Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) same as female: 1-0-3-0-3-8(1), 2-0-3-0-3-8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 1-0-1-0-2-4. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 8–10 [10] long, ta II 8–10 [9, 10] long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (5–7 [7] long). Solenidia similar in size to female (Fig. 115).</p>
            <p>DEUTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 210–245, sc2-sc2 75– 100; other measurements: v2-v 2 17–23, sc1-sc1 68–87, c1-c 1 17–21, c3-c3 87–125, d1-d 1 16–21, d3-d3 67–99, e1- e 1 19–23, e3- e3 61–97, f3-f3 53–82, h1-h 1 15–21, h2-h2 41–54. Prodorsal shield with 7–9 longitudinal creases; setae v2 inserted on anterior margin of prodorsal shield. Opisthosoma with setae c1 on paired, weak, irregular platelets, d1-d3 on paired, weak, irregular platelets; pygidial shield weak, including setae e1, f3, h1, h2. Otherwise coarse transverse striae between areas of smooth to wrinkled cuticle. At least 6 small pores present on dorsum, 2 pairs on prodorsal shield mesad sc2, pair between c1-c3, pair between d1-d3, pair anterolaterad e1, pair posterior e1. Setal lengths: v 2 15–21, sc 1 12–18, sc 2 12–17, c 1 9–11, c 3 12–17, d1 4–7, d 3 15–19, e1 2 –6, e 3 14 –19, f 3 14– 20, h 1 7–13, h 2 14–19. 1 specimen lacks setae c1, e1 and h2 on the right hand side. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 3–5 long, seta-like eupathidium 5–8 long. Venter. Cuticle between 1b-1a with longitudinal striae; 1a to level with leg III with transverse striae; between legs III–IV with longitudinal striae; cuticle posterior to leg IV transverse becoming longitudinal and broader in genital region. Coxal setae fine. Setae ag1, g1, ps1–3 smooth. Setal lengths: 1a 22–44, 1 b 9–16, 2 b 9–13, 2 c 9–16, 3 a 26–38, 3 b 8–18, 4 a 25–34, 4 b 10–13, ag1 6–8, g 1 9–14, ps1 4–6, ps2 4–6, ps3 5–7. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV same as adult female. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3–5 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (4–6 long).</p>
            <p>PROTONYMPH (n = 4). Dorsum. Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 185–200, sc2-sc2 69– 77; other measurements: v2-v 2 18–20, sc1-sc1 62–67, c1-c 1 15–16, c3-c3 82–89, d1-d 1 15–16, d3-d3 66–71, e1- e 1 12–15, e3- e3 63–68, f3-f3 50–52, h1-h 1 7–14, h2-h 2 27–33. Dorsum similar to deutonymph. Prodorsal shield with 6–7 longitudinal creases; setae v2 inserted just ventral to anterior margin of prodorsal shield. Opisthosomal shields similar to deutonymph except pygidial shield excludes f3. At least 5 small pores present on dorsum, pair on prodorsal shield mesad sc2, pair between c1-c3, pair between d1-d3, pair anterolaterad e1, pair posterior e1. Setal lengths: v 2 14–20, sc 1 11–14, sc 2 14–16, c1 6–8, c 3 13–15, d1 4–5, d 3 13–15, e1 3 –5, e 3 13 –16, f 3 13–16, h 1 5– 10, h 2 13–16. Palps. Palps similar to adult. Solenidion 3 long, seta-like eupathidium 5–7 long. Venter. Cuticle and setae similar to deutonymph. Setal lengths: 1a 25–32, 1 b 10–16, 2 b 10–12, 3 a 22–31, 3 b 8–12, ag1 3–6, ps1 3–5, ps2 3–5, ps3 3–5. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–IV (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3-0-3-8(1), 1-0-3-0-3-8(1), 1-1-2-0-2-4, 0-0- 1-0-2-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (3–4 long) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (4–5 long). Leg setation as in deutonymph, except: setae 2c, 4b absent; tarsi IV without seta tc ′. Setae l' added to tr III.</p>
            <p>LARVA (n = 8). Dorsum. (Fig. 120 a) Body measurements: distance between setae v2 -h1 120–180 [paratype: 165], sc2-sc2 57–69 [63]; other measurements: v2-v 2 16–22 [19], sc1-sc1 51–61 [54], c1-c 1 13–17 [17], c3-c3 71– 95 [83], d1-d 1 15–18 [15], d3-d3 50–69 [61], e1- e 1 9–13 [11], e3- e3 36–60 [50], f3-f 3 27–41 [38], h1-h1 4–7 [4], h2-h 2 14–18 [17]. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded without medial notch. Prodorsal shield smooth, weak with few oblique folds; opisthosomal dorsum with a few transverse folds and striations between c1- e1. Lateral cuticle mesad c3 with oblique folds and striations. At least 5 pairs of pores present on dorsum, pair mesad sc2, pair between c1-c3 and d1-d3, 2 pairs laterad e1. Setae h1, h2 inserted posteroventrally. Setal lengths: v 2 13–23 [19], sc 1 10–14 [12, 13], sc 2 11–16 [13], c1 4–7 [5, 6], c 3 9–15 [12], d1 3–5 [4, 5], d 3 11–18 [16, 18], e1 2 –4 [4], e 3 11 –17 [15], f 3 12–18 [16], h1 4–7 [6, 7], h 2 12–19 [17, 19]. Palps. (Fig. 120 b) Palps 3-segmented; setalike tarsal eupathidium 3–8 [7, 8] long; solenidion 2–3 [3] long. Venter. Ventral cuticle finely striate, similar to deutonymph. Pseudanal setae ps1–3 on smooth cuticle. Coxal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 15–36 [36], 1b 10–18 [12], 3a 19–35 [24], ps1 2–4 [4], ps2 2–4 [4], ps3 2–4 [4]. Legs. Setal formula for legs I–III (coxae to tarsi) 1-0-3- 0-3-7(1), 0-0-3-0-3-7(1), 0-0-2-0-2-3. Tarsi I and II each with 1 antiaxial solenidion ω" (ta I 2–4 [3, 4], ta II 2–3 [2, 3]) and 2 eupathidia pζ'-pζ" (3–5 [5] long). Leg setation as in protonymph, except: setae 2b, 3b absent; tr III without l ′; ta I–III without seta tc ′.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Individual mites are found wedged within the natural grooves present on the stems and branchlets of the host plant (Fig. 122), where they feed and moult. Eggs are also laid within these grooves, lined up in a row (Fig. 121). The eggs have a short stipe and thick sculptured outer coating (Fig. 121 b).</p>
            <p> Although Womersley (1940) stated the sex as “probably female”, the original description and illustrations of  T. conicus were unquestionably based on a male. Womersley stated that there were four specimens; however, to date only three specimens have been located (on two slides, in poor condition). Even though Womersley technically never designated a holotype, the female slide is marked with the traditional red indicative of a holotype specimen, and the male slide (with larva) is marked with the traditional blue of a paratype. There is no indication of when this was done, or by whom. The female was described much later by Smiley et al. (1996) from what they stated was the holotype. The ‘type’ slides are now supplemented by new material collected on the type host plant from both the type locality and an additional locality further north along the eastern Australian coastline. </p>
            <p>Both the original description (Womersley 1940) and re-description (Smiley et al. 1996) were lacking several key details, due to the poor preservation of the type specimens. However, after close examination of the types, we were able to discern certain key characters, e.g. setae e1 and three pairs of pseudanal (ps) setae, in addition to details of the leg setation. We also note, with the help of the new material, that the palp is three-segmented, not two-segmented as originally described.</p>
            <p>The Queensland specimens have some minor differences to the specimens from the type locality: the dorsal sculpturing is weaker, there are fewer lateral papillae (ca. 25 vs 50) and most ventral, genital and anal setae are shorter. There is a chance that they may represent another species, but because they came from the same host plant, and without an assessment of variation from several populations or genomic analysis, we tentatively consider them the same species. The use of low temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) revealed that the specimens from both localities have very similar pattern of “microplate” (sensu Welbourn et al. 2003) development on the cuticle (Fig. 123).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF99FF56F387FC55FE89FE3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
194C87D0FF6AFF57F387FE4EFA7CF9F3.text	194C87D0FF6AFF57F387FE4EFA7CF9F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenuipalpidae	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to adult female  Tenuipalpidae from  Casuarinaceae</p>
            <p> This key is based partially on that of Mesa et al. (2009).  Tenuipalpus and  Brevipalpus are included because these common genera are likely to be encountered occasionally from samples, and  Ultratenuipalpus is included because we have collected several undescribed species from  Casuarinaceae (unpublished data). This genus will be subjected to a future revision encompassing species on numerous host plants. </p>
            <p> 1. Posterior dorsal opisthosomal setae h2 long, flagellate, usually more than twice as long as distance h2-h2.......  Tenuipalpus</p>
            <p>- Posterior dorsal opisthosomal setae h2 not markedly long and flagellate, usually similar in shape and size to other dorsal setae.................................................................................................... 2</p>
            <p>2. Dorsal opisthosomal setae c2 present (Fig. 54)............................................................... 7</p>
            <p>- Dorsal opisthosomal setae c2 absent (Fig. 95)............................................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Venter with well defined ventral and genital plates; 2 pairs of ps setae present.............................  Brevipalpus</p>
            <p>- Venter without developed ventral plate (region membranous), genital plate or flap weakly developed, membranous; 3 pairs of ps setae present...................................................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4. Setae on posterior margin of dorsal opisthosoma with 4–5 pairs of large leaf-like setae (e3, f2, f3, h1, h2)...............................................................................  Ultratenuipalpus sensu stricto (meekeri group) </p>
            <p>- Posterior margin of opisthosoma without such setae; anterior margin of prodorsum partially or fully covering gnathosoma/inf- racapitulum; anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch forming pair of lobes (lobes may be under anterior margin of prodorsum).......................................................................................... 5</p>
            <p> 5. Opisthosomal setae e2 present; palp tarsus with 2 eupathidia and 1 solenidion (e.g. Fig. 95).............  Philippipalpus 19 </p>
            <p>- Opisthosomal setae e2 absent (Fig. 1); palp tarsus with 1 eupathidium and 1 solenidion (Figs 2 b, 107b)................. 6</p>
            <p> 6. Palp with 3 segments (Fig. 107 b); setal formula for tibiae I–IV 3-3 -2-2 (seta v′′ absent) (Fig. 114)......  Tegopalpus conicus</p>
            <p> - Palp with 4 segments (basal segment can be difficult to see) (Fig. 2 a, c); setal formula for tibiae I–IV 4-4 -3-3 (seta v′′ present) (Fig. 4)...............................................................................  Chaudhripalpus 11 </p>
            <p>7. 2 pairs of ps setae present (Fig. 15 a)...................................................................... 8</p>
            <p>- 3 pairs of ps setae present (Fig. 58 b)....................................................................... 9</p>
            <p> 8. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 present (Fig. 67 a); genua I–II with 2 setae (setae d and l ′′ present) (Fig. 70); anterior margin of prodorsum with 2 rounded median lobes, anterior to setae v2 (Fig. 67 a).........................  Palpipalpus hesperius</p>
            <p> - Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 absent (Fig. 13 a); genua I–II with 1 seta (seta l or d′′ present) (Figs. 16, 28); anterior margin of prodorsum rounded, without lobes/notches (Figs 13 a, 14)........................................  Crossipalpus ... 12 </p>
            <p>9. Anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch anterior to setae v2; setae v2 inserted posterior to lobes that form notch (Figs 54, 55); coxal seta 1c usually present; trochanters I–IV usually with setal formula usually 1-1-2-1 (v ′ present)........... 10</p>
            <p> - Anterior margin of prodorsum with median notch level with or between setae v2; setae v2 inserted either side of notch, or on lobes formed by notch (Figs. 38, 42, 48)..................................................  Magdalenapalpus ... 17 </p>
            <p> 10. Dorsal opisthosomal setae e2 and f2, when present, inserted in submarginal position, aligned with c2, d2 (Fig. 54)..........................................................................................  Meyeraepalpus delfinadae</p>
            <p> - Dorsal opisthosomal setae e2 and f2, when present, inserted on lateral margin, aligned with setae c3, d3, e3, f3 (Fig. 75)..........................................................................................  Pentamerismus ...15 </p>
            <p>11. Trochanters I–II with seta v ′ present (setal formula tr I–IV 1-1 -1-0) (Fig. 4); ventral setae ps1–2 broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed; setae ps3 setiform, thin, smooth to weakly barbed (Fig. 3); dorsal opisthosomal setae c1, d1, e1 (15–18, 13–16, 13–15</p>
            <p> long, respectively) subequal in size to c3, d3, e3 (16–21, 16–21, 15–21 respectively) (Fig. 1).......  Chaudhripalpus creelae - Trochanters I–II with seta v ′ absent (setal formula tr I–IV 0-0-1-0) (Fig. 9); ventral setae ps1–2 narrow, setiform, barbed; setae ps3 setiform, smooth to weakly barbed (Fig. 8 b); dorsal opisthosomal setae c1, d1, e1 (13–16, 10–11, 9–10 long, respectively) slightly smaller than c3, d3, e3 (18–19, 16–19, 16–18 long, respectively) (Fig. 7)..............  Chaudhripalpus costacola</p>
            <p>12. Genua I–II with seta l′′ present and seta d absent (setal formula ge I–IV 1-1 -0-0) (Fig. 21)........................... 13</p>
            <p>- Genua I–II with seta l′′ absent and seta d present (setal formula ge I–IV 1-1 -0-0) (Fig. 28)........................... 14</p>
            <p> 13. Tarsi I–IV with seta tc ′′ present (setal formula ta I–IV 9 (1)-9(1)-5-5) (Fig. 16); prodorsal setae v2 obviously longer than sc1 (21–26, 8–13 long, respectively); palp segments longer than wide; anterior lateral opisthosomal setae c3, d3, e 2 10 –16 long (Fig. 13 a).......................................................................  Crossipalpus muellerianae</p>
            <p> - Tarsi I–IV with seta tc ′′ absent (setal formula ta I–IV 8 (1)-8(1)-4-4) (Fig. 21); prodorsal setae v2 subequal in length to sc1 (15– 20, 17–20 long, respectively); palp segments as long as wide; anterior lateral opisthosomal setae c3, d3, e 2 19 –24 long (Fig. 19 a)............................................................................  Crossipalpus verticillatae</p>
            <p> 14. Femora and genua I–II with d seta spatulate (Fig. 28); ventral setae ag, g1 –2, ps1–2 thick, broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed (Fig. 27 a); dorsal setae broadly lanceolate (Fig. 25 a)..........................................  Crossipalpus gersoni</p>
            <p> - Femora and genua I–II with d seta lanceolate (Fig. 34); ventral setae ag, g1–2, ps1–2 thin, setiform, weakly barbed (Fig. 33 a); dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate (Fig. 32 a)...................................................  Crossipalpus raveni</p>
            <p> 15. Ventral setae g1–2 and ps1–2 thick, broadly lanceolate, strongly barbed; setae ag palmate, strongly barbed (Fig. 76 a); femora and genua I–II with d seta palmate (Fig. 75)..............................................  Pentamerismus sititoris</p>
            <p>- Ventral setae g1–2 fine, setiform, weakly barbed; ps setae fine, setiform; ps1 thicker than ps2–3; setae ag setiform to lanceolate (Fig. 89 a); femora and genua I–II with d seta lanceolate to weakly spatulate (Fig. 90).............................. 16</p>
            <p> 16. Palp tibia with 1 seta (Fig. 88 b); ventral setae ag fine, setiform (Fig. 89 a); dorsal cuticle with broad rounded folds (Figs 88 a, 94)..........................................................................  Pentamerismus hicklingorum</p>
            <p> - Palp tibia with 2 setae (Fig. 82 b); ventral setae ag lanceolate (Fig. 83); dorsal cuticle weakly reticulate (Fig. 82 a).............................................................................................  Pentamerismus wardo</p>
            <p> 17. Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 present (Fig. 38)......................................  Magdalenapalpus strandtmanni</p>
            <p>- Dorsal opisthosomal setae f2 absent (Fig. 42).............................................................. 18</p>
            <p> 18. Distance between dorsal opisthosomal setae d1-d 1 26–30, e1- e 1 23–25; dorsal setae broadly lanceolate (Fig. 42).........................................................................................  Magdalenapalpus caperatus</p>
            <p> - Distance between dorsal opisthosomal setae d1-d 1 11–16, e1- e 1 9–13; dorsal setae narrowly lanceolate (Fig. 48 a)..........................................................................................  Magdalenapalpus forsteri</p>
            <p>19. Dorsal lateral cuticle smooth to moderately papillate; sejugal zone smooth or weakly striate (Fig. 105)................. 20</p>
            <p>- Dorsal lateral cuticle strongly papillate; sejugal zone coarsely striate to papillate (Fig. 98 a).......................... 21</p>
            <p> 20. Dorsal lateral cuticle moderately and irregularly papillate; medial opisthonotum smooth or with few coarse striae (Fig. 105)..............................................................................  Philippipalpus nigraquercus</p>
            <p> - Dorsal lateral cuticle smooth anteriorly, becoming more papillate posteriorly; medial opisthosoma with coarse striae (Fig. 103 a)..............................................................................  Philippipalpus belah</p>
            <p> 21. Prodorsum coarsely rugose, forming polygons medially; opisthonotum with coarse striations (Fig. 98 a)...............................................................................................  Philippipalpus flumaquercus</p>
            <p> - Prodorsum finely reticulate, forming network of small cells medially; opisthonotum rugose-papillate medially with patches of reticulation sublaterally (Fig. 95 a)......................................................  Philippipalpus agohoi</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/194C87D0FF6AFF57F387FE4EFA7CF9F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Beard, Jennifer J.;Seeman, Owen D.;Bauchan, Gary R.	Beard, Jennifer J., Seeman, Owen D., Bauchan, Gary R. (2014): Tenuipalpidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Casuarinaceae (Fagales). Zootaxa 3778 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3778.1.1
