taxonID	type	description	language	source
CF3E8E1833F35708B8CC92F6C720E04C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar in appearance to C. reuteriana Boiss. & Reut., from which it differs by the creamy-yellow, rarely reddish-brown basal sheaths (vs. orange to reddish-brown), amphistomatic leaves (vs. hypostomatic), and utricles with high papillae (vs. smooth or rarely with low papillae). It is also similar to C. nigra (L.) Reichard, from which it can be distinguished also by the creamy-yellow, rarely reddish-brown basal sheaths (vs. absent or dark brown when present), narrower leaves (1.8) 2 - 3.2 (4.7) mm (vs. 3 - 6 (10) mm), and longer terminal male spike (18) 20 - 60 (85) mm (vs. (5) 10 - 30 mm).	en	Benitez-Benitez, Carmen, Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro, Luceno, Modesto, Martin-Bravo, Santiago (2023): Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain). PhytoKeys 221: 161-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234
CF3E8E1833F35708B8CC92F6C720E04C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Spain. Ciudad Real: Fuencaliente, Azor stream recreational area, stream edges in Quercus faginea forests, 733 m, 38.44906944, - 4.327163889, 10 May 2017, S. Martin-Bravo & C. Benitez-Benitez 41 SMB 17 (holotype!: UPOS- 8925, 41 SMB 17 (5); isotypes!: GDA, JAEN, K, MA, NY, P, SALA and UPOS).	en	Benitez-Benitez, Carmen, Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro, Luceno, Modesto, Martin-Bravo, Santiago (2023): Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain). PhytoKeys 221: 161-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234
CF3E8E1833F35708B8CC92F6C720E04C.taxon	materials_examined	Selected material examined (paratypes): Spain. Ciudad Real: Fuencaliente, Cereceda stream, with Alnus lusitanica, 695 m, 38.42363889, - 4.297472222, 10 May 2017, S. Martin-Bravo & C. Benitez-Benitez 47 SMB 17 (UPOS- 8927); Fuente del Almirez, puddled meadows in Quercus pyrenaica forests, 800 m, 38.47152778, - 4.344888889, 10 May 2017, S. Martin-Bravo & C. Benitez-Benitez 48 SMB 17 (UPOS- 8926); Minas del Horcajo, gorge of Nacedero stream with Salix sp., 729 m, 38.51397222, - 4.445750000, 11 May 2017, S. Martin-Bravo & C. Benitez-Benitez 54 SMB 17 (UPOS- 8922); Solana del Pino, Robledillo River, riparian forests with Alnus lusitanica and Fraxinus angustifolia, 453 m, 38.41783333, - 4.003388889, 11 May 2017, S. Martin-Bravo & C. Benitez-Benitez 57 SMB 17 (UPOS- 8924); Solanilla del Tamaral, gorge of Jandula River (Hoz del Jandula) with Alnus lusitanica, 392 m, 38.39186111, - 3.96333333, 11 May 2017, S. Martin-Bravo & C. Benitez-Benitez 59 SMB 17 (UPOS- 8923); Valdemancos de Esteras, riverside of Esteras River with Fraxinus angustifolia and Salix sp., 453 m, 38.90733333, - 4.794222222, 15 May 2018, C. Benitez-Benitez & S. Martin-Bravo 6 CBB 18 (UPOS- 16896); Between Viso del Marques and San Lorenzo de Calatrava, riverside of Ballesteros stream, in open forest of Quercus pyrenaica and Salix sp., 872 m, 38.44450000, - 3.740444444, 16 May 2018, C. Benitez-Benitez & S. Martin-Bravo 8 CBB 18 (UPOS- 16897); Puebla de Don Rodrigo, Sala del Halconcillo stream, 559 m, 39.10527778, - 4.744722222, 15 June 2022, M. Sanz-Arnal, P. Garcia-Moro & P. Jimenez-Mejias 13 MSA 22 (UPOS- 16898); Horcajo de los Montes, Chorrera de Horcajo, 642 m, 39.36111111, - 4.614999999, 15 June 2022, M. Sanz-Arnal, P. Garcia-Moro & P. Jimenez-Mejias 16 MSA 22 (UPOS- 16899); Viso del Marques, Las Hoces, 780 m, 38.42303569, - 3.721722958, 16 May 1991, C. Fernandez Garcia-Rojo (JAEN- 914254); Puebla de Don Rodrigo, Rio Frio mountain range near a birch forest, 600 m, 39.08243815, - 4.503007649, 9 May 1992, Carrasco, Garrido & Martin-Blanco (MACB- 68849); Solana del Pino, valley of Nacedero stream, 590 m, 38.482505309, - 4.169451970, 26 April 1997, R. Garcia Rio (MA- 596319); Hinojosas, valley of Montoro River with Alnus glutinosa, Cervigon, 700 m, 38.491048629, - 4.215454806, 5 May 1997, R. Garcia Rio (MA- 596320); Almodovar del Campo, Guadalmez River with Alnus glutinosa, 510 m, 38.513064049, - 4.628724543, 4 July 1997, R. Garcia Rio (MA- 596324). Jaen: Andujar, Sierra Quintana, Valmayor River, 570 m, 38.37460677, - 4.144817294, 27 June 1985, E. Cano & C. Fernandez Garcia-Rojo (JAEN- 855238).	en	Benitez-Benitez, Carmen, Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro, Luceno, Modesto, Martin-Bravo, Santiago (2023): Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain). PhytoKeys 221: 161-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234
CF3E8E1833F35708B8CC92F6C720E04C.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. (see Suppl. material 1).	en	Benitez-Benitez, Carmen, Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro, Luceno, Modesto, Martin-Bravo, Santiago (2023): Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain). PhytoKeys 221: 161-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234
CF3E8E1833F35708B8CC92F6C720E04C.taxon	description	Morphological description. Rhizomes from dense and tussock-forming to elongated. Stems (48) 60 - 80 (95) cm long, (0.8) 1 - 1.2 (1.3) mm wide below the inflorescence, sharply trigonous, smooth for most of its length, densely scabrid above. Basal sheaths scale-like, sometimes elongated, creamy-yellow, rarely reddish-brown, coriaceous. Leaves (1.8) 2 - 3.2 (4.7) mm wide, pale green to bluish-green, amphistomatic, flat to keeled, usually shorter or equalling the stems, antrorsely scabrid on the margins, especially distally, and on the mid-vein on the abaxial side to the apex; ligule (2) 3 - 7 (10) mm long, usually more than twice as long as wide, apex acute to obtuse, rarely rounded or truncate, hyaline, the margins brownish to orange-brown. Inflorescence (9) 12 - 19 (22) cm long, all spikes erect, exceptionally the lowermost slightly nodding. Lowest bract leaf-like, very rarely setaceous, longer to shorter than the inflorescence, sheathless, with hyaline, pale brownish to dark purplish-brown auricles at its base. Terminal male spikes (1) 2 - 3; the uppermost spike (15) 20 - 60 (85) x 2 - 3.5 mm, subsessile to long pedunculate, oblong-cylindrical to narrowly fusiform, densely flowered; subterminal male spikes (0) 1 - 2, (5) 10 - 30 (33) x (1) 1.5 - 2.3 (2.6) mm, similar in outline to the terminal one, basally overlapping with it or with an internode up to 20 mm. Lateral spikes female or androgynous with the flowers spirally arranged; female spikes 0 - 2 (3), (19) 25 - 50 (79) x (2) 2.8 - 4 (5.2) mm, cylindrical, densely to more or less laxly flowered proximally; androgynous spikes (0) 1 - 3 (4), (9) 20 - 50 (62) x (1) 1.7 - 2.7 (5) mm, with the male portion (1) 3 - 15 (50) mm long and the female one (6) 10 - 40 (50) mm long. Male glumes (1.9) 2.3 - 3.9 (4.1) x (0.6) 0.7 - 1.2 (1.4) mm, oblong to obovate-oblong, apex rounded, usually dark purplish brown, with a green, 1 - veined central band, with or without whitish hyaline margins, sometimes also becoming hyaline towards the base. Female glumes 1.3 - 2.3 (2.5) x (0.6) 0.7 - 0.9 (1) mm, lanceolate to ovate, rarely elliptical, apex obtuse, acute or mucronate, usually shorter and narrower than the utricles, very rarely shortly exceeding them, dark purplish brown, rarely pale brown, with a green, 1 - 3 veined central band, with or without whitish hyaline margins, mainly in the distal part. Utricles (1.8) 2 - 2.7 (3) x (1.1) 1.3 - 1.8 (2) mm, plano-convex, widely elliptical to almost suborbicular, green to straw-coloured, distally whitish, sometimes purplish-dotted or purplish-tinged towards the apex, with high, whitish papillae on the upper half or towards the apex, sometimes also aculeolate at the upper margins, faintly to conspicuously nerved, shortly stipitate, more or less abruptly contracted into a short, cylindrical, truncate, more rarely emarginate beak (0) 0.1 - 0.2 (0.3) mm long, whitish, sometimes brown-tinged. Achenes 1.5 - 2.1 x (1.1) 1.3 - 1.5 (1.7) mm, widely elliptical to suborbicular, straw-coloured to pale brown, biconvex, more or less stipitate; style base terete to slightly conical, up to 0.3 mm. Stigmas 2.	en	Benitez-Benitez, Carmen, Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro, Luceno, Modesto, Martin-Bravo, Santiago (2023): Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain). PhytoKeys 221: 161-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234
CF3E8E1833F35708B8CC92F6C720E04C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. (Fig. 1) Endemic to South-Central Spain (Ciudad Real and marginally Jaen provinces). So far known from 16 populations (Suppl. material 1), mostly located in the Sierra Madrona range, but also extending north reaching the southern foothills of the Montes de Toledo range. Since it is a medium-size sedge rarely collected, there might be additional populations in these areas.	en	Benitez-Benitez, Carmen, Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro, Luceno, Modesto, Martin-Bravo, Santiago (2023): Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain). PhytoKeys 221: 161-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234
CF3E8E1833F35708B8CC92F6C720E04C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet, Carex quixotiana (pronounced kee · how · tee · a · na in English) is derived from Miguel de Cervantes's (1547 - 1616) masterpiece Don Quixote (de Cervantes 1605, 1615), globally considered one of the best works in the history of literature, and whose number of editions and translations is only surpassed by the Bible. The setting of Don Quixote is La Mancha, the region of Spain where almost all populations of Carex quixotiana occur. We would like this epithet to serve as a double tribute: (1) First to Cervantes and his novel Don Quixote, flagship of Spanish culture. And (2) To Pedro Jimenez-Mejias's father, Pedro Jimenez Gilabert, an enthusiastic reader who always enjoys reading Don Quixote above all other books, and who always transmitted Pedro's curiosity and love for nature. In contrast to the first words in Don Quixote, (" En un lugar de La Mancha, de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme (...) " [In a village of La Mancha, the name of which I have no desire to call to mind (...)]), we desire to remember and commemorate the dedication of this epithet we are coining.	en	Benitez-Benitez, Carmen, Jimenez-Mejias, Pedro, Luceno, Modesto, Martin-Bravo, Santiago (2023): Carex quixotiana (Cyperaceae), a new Iberian endemic from Don Quixote's land (La Mancha, S Spain). PhytoKeys 221: 161-186, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.221.99234
