identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1A53878787561F0DFF704AC6863BF89A.text	1A53878787561F0DFF704AC6863BF89A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoapterocis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neoapterocis gen. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–14)</p>
            <p> Type species.  Neoapterocis mexicanus sp. nov.</p>
            <p> Included species.  Neoapterocis chilensis sp. nov. ,  Neoapterocis mexicanus sp. nov.</p>
            <p> Etymology. "  Neo " means “new”, and “  apterocis ”refers to an apterous Hawaiian ciid genus with a very similar body form. However, this does not suggest any phylogenetic relationship, but just morphological similarities. The noun is masculine. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. The genus may be distinguished by the combination of distinct oval, convex body, small eyes and scutellum, absence of hind wings, short prosternum with short and broad intercoxal process, short metaventrite, and first abdominal ventrite longer than the next two together.</p>
            <p>Description. Length 1.11–1.84mm. Body oval, between 1.75 and 2X as long as wide, convex (GD/EW = 0.72–0.86), pubescent, vestiture consisting of small shiny yellowish setae best seen in lateral view. Head, pronotum and elytra punctation single, irregularly distributed; each puncture bearing a short, procumbent to semi-erect seta. Labial palpi (Fig. 11) small, inserted at the apex of prementum; apical segment cylindrical. Maxilla (Fig. 11) with galea small and semioval; lacinia semicircular. Eyes small and prominent, coarsely facetted, each with no more than 20 ommatidia, the individual facets strongly convex. Antennae (Figs 4, 10) inserted beyond eyes, 10-segmented, third antennomere long and slender; funicle subglabrous; club three-segmented, loose and more setose than funicle; each segment of the antennal club bearing four sensillifers, each formed by a group of small and cylindrical, not well-organized sensilla. Lateral pronotal margins conspicuous, finely crenulate, visible for most of their lengths from above; anterior pronotal angles distinctly produced forward and broadly rounded. Pronotum with anterior margin simple in both sexes; surface densely punctate and setose; punctures small, their diameters smaller than the length of a seta; interstices between punctures microreticulate. Scutellum triangular, indistinct, barely visible at magnifications of less than 60X. Elytra more sparsely punctate than pronotum, hence less setose; punctures similar to those on pronotum; elytra fused to each other, strongly convex, humeri rounded; lateral margins strong, with conspicuous epipleura below wider anteriorly and tapering to apex. Hind wings absent. Procoxae transverse, not projecting below the plane of the intercoxal process of prosternum. Tibiae not expanded to apices, with a row of spines at apex, simple outer edge and outer apical angle rounded (Figs 5, 12). Tarsi 4-segmented, appearing as 3-segmented at magnifications lower than 100X (Fig. 12, arrows). Prosternum short, biconcave, with a broad longitudinal carina at midline; intercoxal process short and broad, as long as the prosternum length at its midline (Figs 3, 9). Mesocoxae narrowly separated, metacoxae not contiguous. Metaventrite shorter than the first abdominal ventrite at midline; discrimen absent, or around one seventh to one fifth the metaventrite length at midline. First abdominal ventrite as long as at least the next two abdominal ventrites together; male with a distinct setose patch at the midline near the posterior margin. Male genitalia (Figs 6, 13) with ninth segment V-shaped, its apices lanceolate; anterior margin of eighth sternite broadly emarginate; aedeagus subquadrate, barely sclerotized; tegmen longer than median lobe, with a longitudinal emargination from apex to halfway along its length, forming two lateral lobes; median lobe (penis) cylindrical. Female genitalia (Fig. 14) with a distinct pair of gonostyli at apex; gonocoxites transversely divided into four parts; proximal gonocoxites with a pair of transversal bacula; paraprocts and proctiger as long as gonostyli and gonocoxites together; both paraprocts and proctiger with a pair of distinct longitudinal bacula; spiculum ventrale just slightly longer than gonostyli, gonocoxites and paraprocts together.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Known from the state of Oaxaca (Mexico) and Concepción Province (Chile).</p>
            <p> Comments. The suprageneric classification of  Ciidae deserves a revision, but as it stands  Neoapterocis gen. nov. would be placed in the tribe  Ciini of the subfamily  Ciinae . It lacks strongly projecting procoxae and tibiae spinose on outer edge that characterize both  Orophiini (Lawrence 1974) and Xylographellini (Kawanabe &amp; Miyatake 1996) and the distinctive type of antennal club, prementum and male genitalia found in the latter tribe. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A53878787561F0DFF704AC6863BF89A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano	Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano (2007): Neoapterocis, a new genus of apterous Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Chile and Mexico. Zootaxa 1481: 35-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176885
1A53878787501F0CFF704F4F82C3FF4A.text	1A53878787501F0CFF704F4F82C3FF4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoapterocis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to males of the species of  Neoapterocis gen. nov.</p>
            <p> 1 Frontoclypeal ridge with two small tubercles (Figs. 1–3, arrows). Apical lobes of tegmen simple (Fig. 6). Chile .............................................................................................................  Neoapterocis chilensis sp. nov.</p>
            <p> - Frontoclypeal ridge simple. Apical lobes of tegmen each with a small deep emargination at the outer edge (Fig. 13, arrows). Mexico .........................................................................  Neoapterocis mexicanus sp. nov.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A53878787501F0CFF704F4F82C3FF4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano	Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano (2007): Neoapterocis, a new genus of apterous Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Chile and Mexico. Zootaxa 1481: 35-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176885
1A53878787511F0FFF704EE683C7FBE1.text	1A53878787511F0FFF704EE683C7FBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoapterocis chilensis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neoapterocis chilensis sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–6)</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Chile, terra typica of this species.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished from  Neo .  mexicanus sp. nov. by the presence of two small tubercles on the male frontoclypeal ridge (Figs 1–3, arrows) and the lack of emarginations on the apical lobes of male tegmen (Fig. 6). It is generally smaller than  Neo .  mexicanus sp. nov. , but with the abdominal setose patch of the male proportionally larger and marginated. </p>
            <p>Description. Holotype. ɗ, measurements in mm: TL 1.26; PL 0.42; PW 0.58; EL 0.79; EW 0.68; GD 0.53. Ratios: PL/PW 0.73; EL/EW 1.15; EL/PL 1.88; GD/EW 0.77; TL/EW 1.85. Upper surfaces brown; undersurfaces brown, but antennae, mouthparts, legs and ventrites yellowish brown. Abdominal ventrites and legs densely covered with setae; each seta more than four times longer than those on the elytra. Head with frontoclypeal ridge bearing two small tubercles (Figs 1–3, arrows), separated by a distance of an eye width; lateral margins broadly rounded. Length of the antennomeres (in mm): 0.055; 0.033; 0.041; 0.024; 0.012; 0.012; 0.012; 0.035; 0.034; 0.058. Pronotum with lateral margins visible from above, except for posterior onethird. Epipleura rather smooth, with small sparse punctures anteriorly and larger punctures posteriorly. Prosternum distinctly elevated at midline; intercoxal process subparallel sided, margined; punctures large and coalescent, giving a rugose impression to the surface. Disc of mesoventrite barely visible, punctation similar to that of the intercoxal process of prosternum. Metaventrite without distinct discrimen; disc with sparse punctures, subglabrous. First abdominal ventrite as long as the next three abdominal ventrites together; setose patch circular, marginate, its diameter one-fourth the ventrite length at the midline. Aedeagus (Fig. 6) with apical lobes of tegmen simple. Median lobe of aedeagus (penis) wider near halfway its length, apex sclerotized and subtriangular.</p>
            <p>Females. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Type series. Holotype. ɗ, Chile: labeled “ Chile / Concepcion Prov / Periquillo / 30.ii.97 / leg. T. Cekalovic” (MZSP). Paratypes (three specimens; LAPC). Chile: 2ɗɗ, same data as holotype; 1ɗ labeled “ Chile / Concepcion Prov / Toma / 12.xii.1982 / leg. T. Cekalovic”.</p>
            <p>Variation. Measurements in mm (n = 4, including the holotype): TL 1.11–1.32 (1.24 ± 0.09); PL 0.42– 0.47 (0.45 ± 0.03); PW 0.53–0.63 (0.57 ± 0.05); EL 0.68–0.79 (0.76 ± 0.05); EW 0.63–0.74 (0.68 ±0.04); GD 0.47–0.63 (0.54 ± 0.07). Ratios: PL/PW 0.73–0.90 (0.79 ± 0.08); EL/EW 1.08–1.15 (1.12 ± 0.04); EL/PL 1.63–1.88 (1.71 ± 0.11); GD/EW 0.75–0.86 (0.79 ± 0.05); TL/EW 1.75–1.85 (1.81 ± 0.05).</p>
            <p>Biology. No information was available.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Known from Chile, province of Concepción (VIII región del Biobío).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A53878787511F0FFF704EE683C7FBE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano	Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano (2007): Neoapterocis, a new genus of apterous Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Chile and Mexico. Zootaxa 1481: 35-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176885
1A53878787521F00FF704CE6843DFD01.text	1A53878787521F00FF704CE6843DFD01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neoapterocis mexicanus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neoapterocis mexicanus sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 7–14)</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Mexico, terra typica of this species.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished from  Neo .  chilensis sp. nov. by the absence of tubercles on the male frontoclypeal ridge (Figs 7–9) and the presence of emarginations on the outer edge of the apical lobes of tegmen (Fig. 13, arrows). It is generally larger than  Neo .  chilensis sp. nov. , but with the abdominal setose patch of the male proportionally smaller and not marginate. </p>
            <p>Description. Holotype. ɗ, measurements in mm: TL 1.63; PL 0.58; PW 0.79; EL 1.00; EW 0.89; GD 0.68. Ratios: PL/PW 0.73; EL/EW 1.12; EL/PL 1.73; GD/EW 0.76; TL/EW 1.82. Upper surfaces dark brown, almost black; undersurfaces dark brown, but antennae, mouthparts, legs, and ventrites reddish brown. Ventrites and legs bearing sparse setae; each seta more than four times longer than those on the elytra. Head with frontoclypeal ridge simple (Figs 7–9); lateral margins slightly angulate, but angles rounded. Length of the antennomeres (in mm): 0.053; 0.042; 0.044; 0.029; 0.021; 0.018; 0.015; 0.032; 0.033; 0.067. Pronotum with lateral margins visible from above, except for anterior angles. Epipleura with small sparse punctures; subglabrous, setae small, indistinct. Prosternum elevated at midline, lateral concavities not very distinct; intercoxal process marginate, slightly wider near apex; punctures distinct, deep, very close to each other but not coalescent. Disc of mesoventrite easily visible, bearing punctures similar to those on the intercoxal process of prosternum. Metaventrite with a small discrimen, from the posterior margin to one-seventh the metaventrite length at midline. First abdominal ventrite longer than the next two abdominal ventrites together; setose patch semicircular, not marginate, its median length approximately one seventh of the median length of the ventrite. Aedeagus with tegmen bearing a small emargination on the outer edge of both apical lobes (Fig. 13, arrows). Median lobe (penis) of aedeagus cylindrical, with apex not sclerotized and broadly rounded.</p>
            <p>Females. First abdominal ventrite devoid of setose patch.</p>
            <p>Type series. Holotype. ɗ, Mexico: labeled " Mexico: Oaxaca / 70 Km S Valle Nacional / 2600m, 3.x.1986 / R. Baranowski", "sifting litter, ±at hollow dec. trees, pine-oak forest" (MZLU). Paratypes (14 specimens; 7 in LAPC, 7 in MZLU). Mexico: 11 specimens labeled " Mexico: Oaxaca 26 Km / E Teotitlan del Campo / 2250m, 26.ix.1990 / leg. R. Baranowski", "Sifting litter, mixed oak forest"; one specimen " Mexico: Oaxaca / 70 Km S Valle Nacional / 2500m, 10.ix.1986 / R. Baranowski", "sifting litter, pine-oak forest"; one specimen " Mexico: Oaxaca / 70 Km S Valle Nacional / 2600m, 3.x.1986 / R. Baranowski", "sifting litter, ±at hollow dec. trees, pine-oak forest"; one specimen " Mexico: Oaxaca, 87 Km N / Oaxaca City, 2700m / 13.xi.1989 / leg. R. Baranowski", "Sifting litter, mixed pine forest".</p>
            <p>Variation. Measurements in mm (n = 6, including the holotype): TL 1.58–1.84 (1.68 ± 0.10); PL 0.53– 0.58 (0.54 ± 0.03); PW 0.74–0.84 (0.77 ± 0.04); EL 1.00–1.26 (1.11 ± 0.11); EW 0.79–0.95 (0.87 ±0.06); GD 0.63–0.68 (0.67 ± 0.03). Ratios: PL/PW 0.69–0.73 (0.71 ± 0.02); EL/EW 1.12–1.35 (1.27 ± 0.10); EL/PL 1.73–2.30 (2.03 ± 0.21); GD/EW 0.72–0.81 (0.77 ± 0.03); TL/EW 1.82–2.00 (1.93 ± 0.07).</p>
            <p> Three specimens of the type series are slightly yellowish or pale greenish, probably not fully pigmented adults. In some specimens, the prosternum may be more distinctly carinate at midline, the lateral concavities more easily seen, and the punctures both on the prosternum disc and on its intercoxal process not so deep. The metaventrite discrimen varies from one-seventh to one-fifth the metaventrite length at midline. Such variation is found in other  Ciidae species, and is probably due to the age of adult specimens when alive (for instance, older adults generally have less conspicuous carinae and punctures). </p>
            <p>Biology. The specimens were collected sifting litter under shrubs, at logs and at hollows of deciduous trees, in mixed pine and oak forests.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Known from the state of Oaxaca (Mexico).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A53878787521F00FF704CE6843DFD01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano	Lopes-Andrade, Cristiano (2007): Neoapterocis, a new genus of apterous Ciidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) from Chile and Mexico. Zootaxa 1481: 35-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176885
