taxonID	type	description	language	source
1A4987922773780AFCB1FDC93EBF67A8.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 A, B, 7 A, B, 11 B)	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A4987922773780AFCB1FDC93EBF67A8.taxon	materials_examined	Material reported by Zettel (1994 b). Holotype (apterous male, FMNH; genitalia missing) and allotype (apterous female, FMNH) from Busuanga Island, Dimaniang, CNHM-Philippine Zoological Expedition. The former barrio Dimaniang was not drawn in the map of Hoogstraal (1951: 69), but geographic coordinates (12.0407148 ° N, 120.1450728 ° E) were presented by Brown et al. (2018).	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A4987922773780AFF17FCA13E9765B7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body minute, length usually less than 3 mm; most species slender. Body colour mainly black, pronotum with short transverse stripe anteriorly. Antennae and legs black, often bright yellow at base. Metafemur of male moderately enlarged, but with rich dentition. Abdominal sternite 7 without paired tubercles. Paramere of male usually long and slender, and with ventrally curved hook or lobe at apex, but very short and reduced in Philippine taxa (Fig. 7 A – E). Apterous morph: Pronotum short, length shorter than eye length (e. g., Figs. 1 A – D, 2 A, B), in few extra-Philippine species slightly longer. Mesonotum fully or widely exposed. Macropterous morph: Wings uniformly dark. Forewing with 3 or 4 closed cells that distally reach apical half of wing. Wings of common dealate specimens broken off in distal half, distal of cells (Figs. 2 C, D, 3 D). Abdominal carina reaching posterior margin of tergite 3 (rarely onto tergite 2 only).	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A4987922773780AFF17FCA13E9765B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species of this group are distributed from India to Lombok, Borneo, and the southwestern Philippine Islands. A single record from Sulawesi (Polhemus & Polhemus, 1988) appears doubtful (Nieser et al., 1997). John T. Polhemus (1990) correctly included the widely distributed Rhagovelia sumatrensis Lundblad, 1933, in this species group, which covers almost the whole area of the group, except Borneo and the Philippines. Further species — many still undescribed — have restricted distributions on continental Southeast Asia, Sumatra, Borneo, and Greater Palawan. Notes. The five Philippine species of this group, all restricted to the Palawan Region, seem to form an isolated clade and are well distinguishable from the Bornean species by a strong reduction of the parameres. Three species, Rhagovelia minutissima, R. palawanensis, and R. matillanoi, new species, share two very peculiar characteristics which are unknown from other species of the R. sarawakensis group, i. e., spikelike setae on the abdomen and a brush of long setae in distal half of mesofemora of females. The other two species R. estrella and R. abbreviata, new species, have some other important characters in common, e. g., carinate sternites and paramere shape of the males, although the female of the latter species displays a very peculiar habitus. While the species within each of these two clades show an allopatric distribution in general, two species of the first and the second clade, respectively, were occasionally collected in the same streams, thus demonstrating that even within the same species group there are sympatric, or even syntopic, species.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A4987922775780CFF0EFACF3E3064B4.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 C, D, 7 B, 11 B, 12 A)	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A4987922775780CFF0EFACF3E3064B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material reported by Zettel (1994 b). Holotype (apterous male, NHMW) from central Palawan, 7 km N Narra, Estrella Falls. Paratypes (NHMW, FMNH, NCTN, UPLB, ZMUC): 46 apterous males, 9 macropterous males, 36 apterous females, 2 macropterous females, collected with the holotype; 52 apterous males, 53 apterous females from central Palawan, 9 km W Puerto Princesa, Iwahig, Balsahan River; 3 apterous males, 3 apterous females from central Palawan, 20 km WSW Puerto Princesa, Montible River; 2 apterous males, 1 macropterous male, 6 apterous females from central Palawan, 20 km W Puerto Princesa, Tacduan Area, Tacduan River; 2 apterous males, 1 apterous female from southern Palawan, 10 km NE Quezon, Tumarbon Falls; 1 apterous male, 2 apterous females from southern Palawan, Brooke’s Point, Makagwa, Noona Dan Expedition; 6 apterous males, 6 apterous females from southern Palawan, 12 km S Brooke’s Point, Cabangaan, Tamlang River.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A49879227767803FF11FC69398C62D4.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 A – D, 7 C, 8 A, 9 A, B, 10 A – C, 11 B, 14 A – C)	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A49879227767803FF11FC69398C62D4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for Joie Matillano, formerly faculty member and collaboration partner of the senior authors, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the survey and protection of the Palawan fauna. We particularly appreciate his dedicated encouragement of students in fieldwork and biodiversity studies, such as in our joint workshop “ Freshwater Invertebrates: their Taxonomy, Diversity and Ecology ” in 2007, which also yielded additional data and material for this paper.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A49879227767803FF11FC69398C62D4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (apterous male; NMNH) labelled “ PHIL: Palawan, Roxas, Bagong Bayan, creek downstream of Ilian Falls, 10 ° 25 ′ 40 ″ N 119 ° 33 ′ 25 ″ E, ca. 50 m a. s. l., 17. XI. 1995, leg. J. Mendoza (# 129) ”. Paratypes (ADMU, NHMW, NMNH, UPLB, PCSD): 56 apterous males, 6 macropterous males, 76 apterous females, 11 macropterous females collected from the same locality (partly labelled “ Bagong Bayan Falls ”); 1 apterous male, 5 macropterous males from northern Palawan, El Nido, Barutuan, road km 291.5, small lowland river below irrigation dam, ca. 11 ° 18 ′ N, 119 ° 27 ′ E; 1 apterous male from northern Palawan, El Nido, Pasadeña, Nagkalit-Kalit Falls, ca. 11 ° 15 ′ N, 119 ° 26 ′ E; 24 apterous males, 3 macropterous males, 42 apterous females, 2 macropterous females from northern Palawan, 20 km N Taytay, Pularaquin, Canequi Falls, 10 ° 56 ′ 59 ″ N, 119 ° 28 ′ 09 ″ E, 25 m a. s. l.; 15 apterous males, 1 macropterous male, 28 apterous females from central Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Marofinas, Panaguman River, 10 ° 15 ′ 09 ″ N, 118 ° 58 ′ 03 ″ E; 1 macropterous female from central Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Cabayugan, Cabayugan River S of Martarpi, 10 ° 09 ′ 47 ″ N, 118 ° 50 ′ 37 ″ E, 37 m a. s. l.; 14 apterous males, 14 apterous females from central Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Cabayugan, SSW Martarpi, Cabayugan River, 10 ° 09 ′ 46 ″ N, 118 ° 49 ′ 29 ″ E; 1 macropterous (delate) from central Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Concepcion, Tarabanan River, ca. 6 km upstream Highway, 10 ° 03 ′ 47 ″ N, 119 ° 00 ′ 53 ″ E, 200 m a. s. l. Type locality. Northern Palawan, Roxas municipality, barangay Bagong Bayan, Ilian Falls, 10 ° 25 ′ 40 ″ N, 119 ° 33 ′ 25 ″ E, 40 m a. s. l.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A49879227767803FF11FC69398C62D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very small, body length of male 1.97 – 2.11 mm (apterous), 2.13 – 2.28 mm (macropterous), female 2.27 – 2.38 mm (apterous), 2.27 – 2.47 mm (macropterous). Mesocoxa (usually), mesotrochanter, metatrochanter, and base of metafemur yellow; mesotrochanter apically with black ring. Short, stout, spike-like setae numerous on connexiva in apterous morph, also on mesonotum and tergites (in male until tergite 7, in female until tergite 4; with transverse row on tergite 1). Male: Sternites without median carina. Sternites 6 and 7 with distinct paired impressions, so that the medial zone appears elevated. Segment 8 ventrally flat. Paramere: Fig. 7 C. Apterous and macropterous females: Mesofemur with brush of long setae in distal half. Apterous female: Abdomen (Fig. 10 A, B) not shortened, with strong constriction at base of sternite 7. Posterior edge of laterotergite 5 with few medioposteriorly directed setae. Connexival corner (segment 7) with distinct tuft of black setae. Tergites 7 and 8 with long pilosity. Gonocoxa with few setae at dorsal edge.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A49879227767803FF11FC69398C62D4.taxon	description	Description of apterous male. Measurements of holotype: Body length 2.06; maximum body width (at metapleura) 0.84. Head length 0.28, width 0.61; minimum eye distance 0.15. Pronotum length 0.19, width 0.66. Lengths of antennomeres: I 0.53, II 0.24, III 0.36, IV 0.35. Lengths of leg segments: profemur 0.63, protibia 0.66, protarsus 0.02 + 0.02 + 0.16, mesofemur 1.03, mesotibia 0.80, mesotarsus 0.05 + 0.31 + 0.50, metafemur 0.78, metatibia 0.73, metatarsus 0.04 + 0.05 + 0.19. Measurements of paratypes (n = 10): Body length 1.97 – 2.11; maximum body width (at metapleura) 0.80 – 0.88. Head width 0.56 – 0.61. Pronotum length 0.16 – 0.19, width 0.63 – 0.69. Colour: Black. Pronotum with transverse orange mark in centre, laterally reaching level of medial eye margin. Basal third to half of antennomere 1, distal corner of proepisternum, all coxae (mesocoxa in some specimens infuscated) and trochanters (mesotrochanter with distal black ring), basal half of profemur, and basal quarter to third of metafemur yellow. Rostrum yellowish to dark brown. Juga brown to blackish. Pilosity: Sides of pronotum, propleuron, and mesopleuron with long black setae. Thorax dorsally with short greyish pilosity. Abdominal tergites in addition to short appressed pilosity with slightly longer, subdecumbent, black setae. Short spike-like setae numerous on connexival margins and all tergites, scattered and individually varying in their presence on lateral parts of sternites 3 – 7, on hind margins of thoracic nota (laterally) and on thoracic pleura (dorsally), in most specimens rather numerous on metapleuron. Structures: Head slightly broader than anterior margin of pronotum. Juga flat, inclined, and relatively broad, without spinulae. Pronotum very short, along midline about 0.7 times as long as head. Mesonotum along midline about 3.0 times as long as pronotum. Proepisterna bearing numerous small black spinulae, in some specimens lacking in posterolateral corner. Profemur on extensor side with very shallow concavity. Metacoxa and metatrochanter with few small black spinulae. Hindleg (Fig. 9 A) rather uniform; femora moderately thickened, longest spine near mid-length; basal row consisting of ca. 8 – 13 small spinules (in some specimens the distal spinule slightly longer than others); posterodistal row consisting of long first tooth followed by 5 – 8 teeth of strongly decreasing length; anterodistal row often inconspicuous, consisting of ca. 1 – 6 short teeth or spinules. Metatibia stout, straight or weakly curved, with strong dentition at flexor side. Laterotergites almost horizontal. Tergite 7 about 2.0 times as long as tergite 6, and 1.0 times as long as broad. Abdominal venter without median carina. Sternites 6 and 7 with shallow, but distinct paired impressions, medial zone between them appearing elevated. Proctiger slender, lateral wings weakly developed (Fig. 8 A). Paramere short, U-shaped, apex hardly protruded (Fig. 7 C). Description of apterous female. Measurements of paratypes (n = 10): Body length 2.27 – 2.38; maximum body width (at metapleura) 0.97 – 1.05. Head width 0.61 – 0.66. Pronotum length 0.17 – 0.19, width 0.69 – 0.73. Colour: as in male. Description of macropterous female. Measurements of paratypes (n = 10): Body length 2.27 – 2.47; maximum body Pilosity: Sides of pronotum, propleuron, and mesopleuron width (at pronotum) 1.03 – 1.08. Head width 0.61 – 0.64. with long black setae. Pro- and mesonotum with dense fine Pronotum length 0.97 – 1.06. appressed pilosity. Mesofemur with strongly developed brush of long setae ventrally over distal half. Metanotum and Colour: As in macropterous male. tergite 1 only with few appressed hairs. Tergites 2 – 6 bare; tergites 7 – 8 with dense, posteriorly directed pilosity, that on Pilosity: Setae on pronotum and forewings as in macropterous tergite 8 longer. Laterotergites with fine pilosity laterally, on male. Pilosity on tergite 7 absent, on tergite 8 reduced. segment 4 longer and denser; posterior corner of segment 5 Sternites 5 – 7 at connexival margins with long, posteriorly with a few posteromedially directed setae; posterior corner directed setae, most prominently developed on sternite 7 (Fig. of segment 7 with distinct tuft of posterodorsally directed 10 C); tuft at connexival corner developed, but weaker than in black setae (Fig. 10 B). Gonocoxa with numerous long setae apterous morph. Pilosity of gonocoxa as in apterous morph. ventrally, but at most with few setae at dorsal edge. Short and stout, spike-like setae numerous on connexiva until Structures: Strongly deviating from apterous female as the segment 5, scattered between pronotum and tergite 4, on abdomen is not constricted posteriorly. Pronotum large, with thoracic pleura, and lateral parts of sternites 2 – 5. protruding humeri. Forewing as in male. Hindleg slightly slenderer than in apterous female. Abdomen with slightly Structures: Body slightly broader than in male; abdomen and evenly convergent connexival margins. Tergites 7 and more elongated. Head distinctly broader than anterior margin 8 of similar size, each slightly shorter than wide. of pronotum. Pronotum very short, along midline about half of head length. Mesonotum along midline about 3.7 Comparative notes. This new species forms a complex times as long as pronotum. Mesonotum bulging, posteriorly with R. minutissima from Busuanga and R. palawanensis declivitous; hind margin slightly concave at middle. from southern and central Palawan. Leg colour is identical to R. minutissima and structural differences are listed in key Mesofemur moderately flattened in distal half. Metafemur couplet 6. Structurally, R. matillanoi, new species, appears (Fig. 9 B) slender, without basal and anterodistal rows of more similar to R. palawanensis, and reliable differences teeth; posterodistal row consisting of one long tooth at mid- (besides leg colour) were only detected in apterous females: length of femur followed by 2 – 5 shorter teeth of decreasing In R. palawanensis, the gonocoxa bears a thick brush of length. Metatibia toothless, straight. setae on its dorsal edge, which is lacking in R. matillanoi, new species. In R. matillanoi, new species, the posterior In dorsal aspect (Fig. 10 A) abdomen broad anteriorly and corner of the laterotergite bears a few thin posteromedially strongly narrowed posteriorly, with strong constriction at base directed setae (absent in very few specimens but possibly of segment 7. Connexival margins strongly convergent until broken off), which are absent in R. palawanensis. segment 5, subparallel at segments 6 and 7. Laterotergites 2 – 4 strongly inclined on segments, 5 – 7 nearly vertical. Tergites Habitats. This species was found in rather undisturbed, 1 and 4 slightly, transversely elevated, tergites 2 and 3 flat shaded streams running through forests (Fig. 14 A, C). Along or slightly depressed; tergite 5 trapezoidal, with median the Tarabanan River, and especially the well-studied blunt carina; tergite 6 developed as a narrow stripe; tergite Cabayugan River in the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River 7 about 1.5 times as long as tergite 6 and about 1.5 times National Park, R. matillanoi, new species, was restricted as long as wide; tergite 8 as long as tergite 7 and slightly to the upper, well-shaded river courses (see Freitag, 2004: broader. Connexival corner in lateral view blunt. Gonocoxa sites “ CR 1 ”, “ CR 2 ”) in forested areas with heterogeneous plate-like. Proctiger small, knob-like. streambed morphology and moderately to fast-flowing water. At site “ CR 1 ”, all except one specimen were retrieved by Description of macropterous male. Measurements of drift nets installed in a fast-flowing creek section. paratypes (n = 8): Body length 2.13 – 2.28; maximum body width (at pronotum) 0.97 – 1.05. Head width 0.58 – 0.63. Distribution. Palawan Island (North) (Fig. 11 B). Pronotum length 0.97 – 1.03. Rhagovelia estrella Zettel, 1994 Colour: As in apterous male. Forewings black, without (Figs. 3 A, B, 7 D, 11 C, 12 A, 13 A) pale streak. Rhagovelia estrella Zettel, 1994 b: 44 – 45; Chen et al., 2005: 438. Pilosity: Hind margin of pronotum with some moderately long, posteriorly directed black setae. Basal veins of forewing Material reported by Zettel (1994 b). Holotype (apterous with long black pilosity. male, NHMW) and paratypes (46 apterous males, 20 apterous females, 1 macropterous male, NHMW, FMNH, NCTN, Structures: Pronotum large, with protruding humeri. Forewing BPBM, UPLB) from Palawan, 7 km N Narra, Estrella Falls. with 3 or 4 closed cells, in dealate specimens broken behind level of segment 6. Metafemur slender when compared to Additional material examined (ADMU, JTPC, NHMW, apterous male. Metatibia straight or weakly curved. In dealate UPLB). 1 apterous male from Palawan, Taritien River at specimens tergite 7 visible and shiny in middle. Trident Mine, 7 km NW of Narra; 1 apterous male from central Palawan, Montible, at Napsan Road km 29, large river, 9 ° 41 ′ 25 ″ N, 118 ° 37 ′ 26 ″ E, 30 m a. s. l.; 31 apterous males, 14 apterous females from central Palawan, Napsan, Napsan Road km 43, Salakot Waterfalls, 9 ° 42 ′ 10 ″ N, 118 ° 31 ′ 17 ″ E, 310 m a. s. l.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A49879227767803FF11FC69398C62D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, body length of male 2.28 – 2.47 mm (apterous), 2.50 mm (macropterous), female 2.53 – 2.75 mm (apterous). Mesocoxa, (base of) mesotrochanter, and base of metafemur yellow. Body without spike-like setae. Male: Sternites 2 – 7 with sharp median carinae. Sternite 7 with large paired impressions accentuating median carina. Segment 8 ventrally convex. Paramere: Fig. 7 D. Apterous and macropterous females: Mesofemur without brush of long setae in distal half. Apterous female: Abdomen not shortened, without distinct constriction at base of sternite 7. Connexival corner (segment 7) without distinct hair tuft. Descriptive notes. Measurements: Apterous males (n = 10): Body length 2.28 – 2.47; maximum body width (at metapleura) 0.91 – 0.97. Head width 0.66 – 0.72. Pronotum length 0.19 – 0.22, width 0.72 – 0.78. Apterous females (n = 10): Body length 2.53 – 2.75; maximum body width (at metapleura) 1.03 – 1.11. Head width 0.69 – 0.75. Pronotum length 0.19 – 0.22, width 0.73 – 0.81. Macropterous male (n = 1): Body length 2.50; maximum body width (at pronotum) 1.06. Head width 0.67. Pronotum length 1.06. Morphological and comparative notes. Only a single macropterous individual is currently known (Zettel, 1994 b). The carinate sternites of the males suggest a close relationship of R. estrella and R. abbreviata, new species, but the females of these two species are strongly different. For differentiation, see the characters listed in the key. Habitats. The habitat requirements appear to be similar to that of R. palawanensis, as the two species partly occurred in the same collecting sites, including moderately fast-flowing, large unshaded streams (Fig. 12 A) as well as their smaller, more torrential tributaries (Fig. 13 A). When occurring together, R. estrella was less abundant than its congener. No records on the particular microhabitats are available.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A49879227767803FF11FC69398C62D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Palawan Island (Central) (Fig. 11 C).	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277A7802FF17F9693E716C54.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 C – F, 7 E, 8 B, 9 C – E, 10 D – F, 11 C, 14 A – C)	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277A7802FF17F9693E716C54.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet means “ shortened ” and refers to the peculiar shape of the female’s abdomen.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277A7802FF17F9693E716C54.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (apterous male; NMNH) labelled “ PHIL: Palawan, Roxas, Bagong Bayan, creek downstream of Ilian Falls, 10 ° 25 ′ 40 ″ N 119 ° 33 ′ 25 ″ E, ca. 50 m, 17. XI. 1995, leg. J. Mendoza (# 129) ”. Paratypes (in ADMU, NHMW, UPLB, PNM, PCSD): 22 apterous males, 8 macropterous males, 9 apterous females, 5 macropterous females collected from the same locality (partly labelled “ Bagong Bayan Falls ”); 1 apterous male, 1 apterous female from northern Palawan, El Nido, New Ibahay, mountain creek in disturbed primary forest, ca. 150 m a. s. l., 11 ° 13 ′ 06 ″ N, 119 ° 29 ′ 32 ″ E; 5 apterous males, 3 apterous females from northern Palawan, 20 km N Taytay, Pularaquin, Canequi Falls, 10 ° 56 ′ 59 ″ N, 119 ° 28 ′ 09 ″ E, 25 m a. s. l. Type locality. Northern Palawan, Roxas municipality, barangay Bagong Bayan, Ilian Falls, 10 ° 25 ′ 40 ″ N, 119 ° 33 ′ 25 ″ E, 40 m a. s. l.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277A7802FF17F9693E716C54.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small, body stout, length of male 2.00 – 2.13 mm (apterous), 2.14 – 2.27 mm (macropterous), female 1.92 – 2.19 mm (apterous), 2.31 – 2.41 mm (macropterous). Mesocoxa, base of mesotrochanter, and base of metafemur yellow. Body without spike-like setae. Male: Sternites 3 – 6 with sharp median carinae. Sternite 7 with indistinct paired impressions, a median carina only indicated. Segment 8 ventrally convex. Paramere short, U-shaped, but apex protruded (Fig. 7 E). Apterous and macropterous females: Mesofemur with a short depression at ¾ 5 of length, at this position ventrally with a tuft of long setae. Apterous female: Abdomen (Fig. 10 D, E) strongly shortened, shorter than wide. Connexiva bearing brushes of black setae at segments 5 and 7. Tergite 6 very short; laterotergite 6 absent; sternite 6 laterally reduced. Apex of abdomen starting from segment 7 directed dorsally, in two females from Pularaquin more posterodorsally. Tergite 8 with long black pilosity posteromedially.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277A7802FF17F9693E716C54.taxon	description	Description of apterous male. Measurements of holotype: Body length 2.00; maximum body width (at metapleura) 0.88. Head length 0.30, width 0.63; minimum eye distance 0.17. Pronotum length 0.22, width 0.72. Lengths of antennomeres: I 0.51, II 0.28, III 0.40, IV 0.32. Lengths of leg segments: profemur 0.66, protibia 0.70, protarsus 0.02 + 0.02 + 0.16, mesofemur 1.09, mesotibia 0.94, mesotarsus 0.07 + 0.38 + 0.38, metafemur 0.78, metatibia 0.84, metatarsus 0.04 + 0.04 + 0.21. Measurements of paratypes (n = 10): Body length 2.02 – 2.13; maximum body width (at metapleura) 0.81 – 0.88. Head width 0.61 – 0.64. Pronotum length 0.19 – 0.23, width 0.67 – 0.70. Colour: Black. Pronotum with transverse orange mark in centre, laterally reaching level of medial eye margin. Basal half of antennomere 1, distal corner of proepisternum, all acetabula, coxae, and trochanters (mesotrochanter with distal black ring), basal half of profemur, and basal fifth to third of metafemur yellow. Rostrum and juga yellowish to dark brown. Middle of sternite 7 and segment 8 ventrally yellowish brown. Pilosity: Sides of pronotum, propleuron, and mesopleuron with comparatively short setae. Thorax dorsally with short greyish pilosity. Abdominal tergites in addition to short appressed pilosity with slightly longer, subdecumbent black setae. Entire body without short spike-like setae. Structures: Head slightly broader than anterior margin of pronotum. Juga flat, inclined, and relatively narrow, without spinulae. Pronotum very short, along midline about 0.7 times as long as head. Mesonotum along midline about 2.5 times as long as pronotum. Proepisterna bearing numerous small black spinulae anteriorly and mesally. Profemur on extensor side with shallow concavity. Meso- and metacoxa and metatrochanter with numerous small black spinulae. Hindleg polymorphic: strong legs with moderately enlarged femora and strongly curved tibia; slender legs with rather slender femora and almost straight tibia. Stout femora suddenly narrowed at distal third, basal row with 2 – 7 small spines, large basal tooth of posterodistal row at first third of femur length followed by 3 – 5 shorter teeth. Slender femora more evenly narrowed distally, basal row with 3 – 6 small spines, posterodistal row consisting of 3 – 6 teeth. Anterodistal row with fewer and much shorter teeth than posterodistal row. Metatibia with variable dentition at flexor side. Laterotergites horizontal. Tergite 7 about 2.0 times as long as tergite 6, and 0.7 times as long as broad. Abdominal venter with sharp median carina at sternites 3 – 6. Sternite 7 with indistinct paired impressions, a median carina only indicated. Segment 8 ventrally convex. Proctiger slender, lateral wings weakly developed (Fig. 8 B). Paramere short, U-shaped, but apex slightly protruded (Fig. 7 E). Description of apterous female. Measurements of paratypes (n = 10): Body length 1.92 – 2.19; maximum body width (at metapleura) 0.97 – 1.02. Head width 0.66 – 0.69. Pronotum length 0.22 – 0.25, width 0.69 – 0.75. Colour: As in male, except propleuron with yellow patch. Pilosity: Pronotum laterally with long black setae. Mesofemur with normal pilosity, except for a ventral (anterior) patch of long setae in the depression. Mesonotum and tergites 1 – 7 without pilosity; tergite 8 with stiff, posteriorly-directed black setae. Laterotergites with fine pilosity laterally; connexiva bearing brushes of short black setae at segments 5 and 7. Gonocoxae and proctiger with fine short pilosity only. Structures: Body slightly broader than in male; abdomen strongly abbreviated. Head distinctly broader than anterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum short, along midline about 0.8 times as long as head. Mesonotum along midline about 3 times as long as pronotum. Mesonotum posteriorly depressed; hind margin straight. Mesofemur distally flattened, at ¾ 5 of length with unusual short depression (as if squeezed by forceps). Metafemur slender, without basal row of teeth, posterodistal row consisting of 1 – 3 teeth. Anterodistal row long consisting of minute, between pilosity hardly discernible spinules. Metatibia toothless, straight. Abdomen ovoid in dorsal aspect. Connexival margins convex, strongly convergent until segment 5, segment 6 not visible in dorsal aspect. Segments 7 and 8 directed straight dorsad. Tergites 1 – 6 short, visible as narrow stripes; tergite 7 about 3 times as wide as long; tergite 8 largest. Sternite 6 normal at ventral part, laterally strongly narrowed towards connexival margins, and there hidden between sternites 5 and 7. Sternite 7 large, slightly flattened at middle. Gonocoxa large, evenly convex. Proctiger small, narrower than long. Description of macropterous male. Measurements of paratypes (n = 8): Body length 2.14 – 2.27; maximum body width (at pronotum) 1.00 – 1.03. Head width 0.61 – 0.64. Pronotum length 1.00 – 1.09. Colour: As in apterous male. Forewings black, without pale streak. Pilosity: Apex of pronotal lobe with some long, posteriorly directed black setae. Basal veins of forewing with long black pilosity. Structures: Pronotum large, with protruding humeri. Forewing with 3 or 4 closed cells, in dealate specimens broken at level of segment 6. Metafemur slender when compared to apterous male. Metatibia straight or weakly curved. In dealate specimens, tergite 7 visible, which is shiny in middle. Description of macropterous female. Measurements of paratypes (n = 5): Body length 2.31 – 2.41; maximum body width (at pronotum) 1.09 – 1.13. Head width 0.66 – 0.67. Pronotum length 1.13 – 1.16. Colour: As in apterous female. Forewings black, without pale streak. Pilosity: Setae on pronotum and forewings as in macropterous male. Sternites 5 – 7 at connexival margins with long, posteriorly directed setae, most prominently developed on sternite 7. Structures: Strongly deviating from apterous female by a moderately shortened abdomen. Pronotum large, with protruding humeri. Forewing as in male. Hindleg slightly slenderer than in apterous female. Abdomen “ normal ”, directed straight caudad. Sternite 7 about twice as long as sternite 6. Comparative notes. The apterous female of R. abbreviata, new species, characterised by the shortened and posteriorly upright abdomen, is unique among all species in Southeast Asia, but a similar abdominal morphology is observed in some distantly related species from Madagascar (Polhemus & Andersen, 2010). The structure of the female’s mesofemur, which bears a distinct depression and tuft of setae, is also exceptional and a valuable character for recognition of winged females. Characters of the male (carinate sternites, paramere with slightly protruded apex) suggest a close relationship with R. estrella. These two species differ from other Philippine species of the R. sarawakensis group by the absence of black spike-like setae on the abdomen.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277C7805FF15F99D3FC96C43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body stout, strongly dimorphic, female (length 3.0 – 3.5 mm) much larger than male (2.3 – 2.9 mm). Body colour mainly black, pronotum with short transverse orange stripe anteriorly. Antennae and legs black, yellow at base. Setae on antennae and legs of normal length. Male: Foreleg modified for grasping, profemur incrassate, protibia strongly bent. Metafemur weakly enlarged, with reduced dentition. Paramere of male very short and upcurved. Female with groove on mesopleuron in front of mesacetabulum (to accommodate foreleg of male during mating). Apterous morph: Pronotum short, length shorter than eye length. Mesonotum widely exposed. Female with depressed area dorsal at base of abdomen. Metafemur without any dentition. Gonocoxa large, plate-like. Macropterous morph: Wings uniformly dark. Forewing with 2 closed cells in proximal third, anterior cell without pilosity. Wings of rare dealate morph (only one female known) broken off at mid-length. Abdominal carina reaching posterior margin of tergite 4. Comparative notes. Relations of Rhagovelia lansburyi with other Southeast Asian Rhagovelia species are dubious. “ Phoretic ” males as in R. lansburyi are otherwise only known from the R. caesia group distributed on New Guinea and the southeastern Philippines, but many morphological characters deviate strongly. Some structures, e. g., forewing venation, indicate that R. lansburyi may have derived from the R. borneensis group, which is chiefly distributed on Borneo, with an outpost in northern Luzon. However, a strong size dimorphism of sexes is not reported for any species in this group.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277C7805FF15F99D3FC96C43.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Rhagovelia lansburyi from Central Palawan is the only species placed in this group.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277D7807FC95FB293A0163FA.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 A – D, 7 G, 8 D, 11 E, 12 B, 13 C)	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277D7807FC95FB293A0163FA.taxon	materials_examined	Philippine material reported by Zettel (1996). 3 apterous males, 4 apterous females from Busuanga, 13 road-km WNW Coron, Balulu Falls; 6 apterous males, 9 macropterous males, 4 apterous females, 9 macropterous females from Busuanga, 5 km NW Coron, Mabintangen River; 2 macropterous males, 1 apterous female from northern Palawan, Taytay, Binaluan; 16 apterous males, 15 apterous females, 1 macropterous female from central Palawan, Cabayugan, 2 km N Sabang, 0 – 10 m a. s. l.; 1 apterous male, 1 apterous female from central Palawan, Cabayugan, stream in degraded forest near Sabang, 100 m a. s. l.; 8 apterous males, 3 macropterous males, 9 apterous females, 2 macropterous females from central Palawan, 9 km W Puerto Princesa, Iwahig, Balsahan River; 2 apterous males, 3 apterous females from central Palawan, 20 km WSW Puerto Princesa, Montible River; 6 apterous males, 6 apterous females from central Palawan, 20 km W Puerto Princesa, Tacduan Area, Tacduan River; 1 apterous male, 4 macropterous males, 5 apterous females, 6 macropterous females from central Palawan, 2 km N Narra, Estrella Falls; 3 apterous males, 2 apterous females from Balabac, Pasig; material in BMNH, BPBM, NHMW, UPLB, CZVA.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277D7804FEF4FF683949662F.taxon	description	(Figs. 4 A – C, 7 F, 8 C, 11 D)	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277D7804FEF4FF683949662F.taxon	materials_examined	Material reported by Zettel (1995 a). Holotype (apterous male, NHMW) from central Palawan, 7 km N Narra, Estrella Falls. Paratypes (NCTN, JTPC, NHMW, UPLB, ZMUC): 124 apterous males, 51 macropterous males, 52 apterous females, 60 macropterous females from same locality; 25 apterous males, 9 macropterous males, 18 apterous females, 10 macropterous females from central Palawan, Taritien River at Trident Mine, 7 km NW of Narra.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277D7804FC4AFE693F646094.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body usually slender, very variable in size (length ca. 2.4 – 5.4 mm; but at least 3.0 mm in Philippine species). Body black, brown, orange or yellowish, dark species usually with rich yellow or orange markings, especially connexival margins yellowish in almost all species. Antennae and legs black, bases largely yellow. Metafemur of male usually very strongly enlarged, with rich dentition of varying lengths and patterns; of female relatively slender and with much less dentition. Paramere of male very variable in shape and pilosity. Apterous morph: Pronotum very long, length much longer than eye length. Mesonotum not or hardly exposed. Macropterous morph common: Wings blackish, often with whitish or yellow streak. Forewing with 3 or 4 closed cells reaching distal third, cells without pilosity. Dealate morph unknown. Abdominal carina reaching at least tergite 3.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277D7804FC4AFE693F646094.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Numerous species from Sri Lanka and India to Australia (Polhemus & Polhemus, 1988), but sparsely distributed and rarely collected on the South and Southeast Asian mainland (e. g., Zettel & Tran, 2004); still unknown from Sumatra and Java. Highest diversity in the Philippines (more than 20 species including undescribed taxa), Borneo, Sulawesi, and New Guinea.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277F7811FC2DFBA83F1563B7.taxon	description	(Figs. 6 A – C, 7 H, 8 E, 9 F – H, 10 G – I, 11 F, 12 B)	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277F7811FC2DFBA83F1563B7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species in named in honour of the late Victor P. Gapud, the pioneer of water bug research in the Philippines.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277F7811FC2DFBA83F1563B7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (apterous males; NMNH) labelled “ PHILIPPINEN: Palawan / W Sabang, 0 - 30 m / 29.3.1994 / leg. H. Zettel (52 e) ”. Paratypes (in NHMW, UPLB, ZCVA): 11 apterous males, 1 macropterous male, 5 apterous females, 1 macropterous female from the same locality (# 52 e); 1 apterous male, 2 apterous females from Busuanga, 13 road-km WNW Coron, Balulu Falls; 6 macropterous males, 2 macropterous females from same locality; 1 apterous male, 4 macropterous males, 2 macropterous females from Busuanga, Coron, Tagumpay, Balingasan, Panpang River, 12 ° 00 ′ 32 ″ N, 120 ° 14 ′ 10 ″ E, ca. 40 m a. s. l.; 2 macropterous males, 1 apterous female from northern Palawan, El Nido, Sibaltan, lowland creek, 11 ° 15 ′ 43 ″ N, 119 ° 32 ′ 18 ″ E, ca. 30 m a. s. l.; 2 apterous males, 1 apterous female, 1 macropterous female from northern Palawan, SW Roxas, Poblacion, stream below Umalat Falls; 1 apterous male, 1 macropterous male, 2 macropterous females from central Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Cabayugan, Nagdayan Creek at Manturon Bridge, 10 ° 10 ′ N, 118 ° 53 ′ E, 30 m a. s. l.; 3 apterous males, 1 apterous female from central Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Santa Cruz, km 29 on Northern Highway, streamlet and puddles near Calatoboc Bridge, 9 ° 56 ′ 46 ″ N, 118 ° 44 ′ 38 ″ E, 25 m a. s. l.; 2 apterous females from central Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Santa Cruz, km 29 on Northern Highway, stream at Calatoboc Bridge, 9 ° 56 ′ 41 ″ N, 118 ° 44 ′ 55 ″ E, 5 – 10 m a. s. l.; 12 apterous males, 2 macropterous males, 11 apterous females, 1 macropterous female from central Palawan, 20 km WSW Puerto Princesa, Montible River; 3 apterous males, 2 apterous females from central Palawan, 20 km W Puerto Princesa, Tacduan Area, Tacduan River. Type locality. Northern Palawan, Puerto Princesa City, barangay Cabayugan, sitio Sabang, 10 ° 11 ′ N, 118 ° 54 ′ E, 10 – 30 m a. s. l.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277F7811FC2DFBA83F1563B7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Gracile species; body length 2.78 – 3.69 mm. Colour black; anterior part of head typically pale orange to brown, very rarely dark, almost black; all margins of pronotum yellow; coxae, trochanters, base and underside of metafemur yellow. Juga without, proepisterna with small black spinulae. Male: Metatrochanter with short teeth, one tooth usually larger than the others. Metafemur very strongly enlarged (less so in winged specimens), with dense row of short spinules at base and two rows of teeth in distal two thirds. Metatibia almost evenly curved, often with a few longer teeth at apical third. Genitalia of moderate size. Paramere (Fig. 7 H) small, with narrow, almost straight distal part bearing a small, ventrally directed apical lobe. Proctiger (Fig. 8 E) slender, with hardly protruded lateral wings. Female: Basal half of metafemur without or with one minute tooth. Ventral outline of gonocoxa slightly concave. Proctiger directed posteroventrally. Apterous female: Abdomen (Fig. 10 G, H) almost evenly narrowed, with connexival corners close to each other posteriorly. Laterotergites 5 – 7 with long posteromedially directed pilosity. Tergite 7 bare and with shiny area in middle.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277F7811FC2DFBA83F1563B7.taxon	description	Description of apterous male. Measurements of holotype: Body length 2.78; maximum body width (at metapleura) 1.00. Head length 0.38, width 0.66; minimum eye distance 0.15. Pronotum length 0.66, width 0.88. Lengths of antennomeres: I 0.60, II 0.37, III 0.49, IV 0.45. Lengths of leg segments: profemur 0.72, protibia 0.78, protarsus 0.03 + 0.03 + 0.19, mesofemur 1.25, mesotibia 1.03, mesotarsus 0.07 + 0.31 + 0.59, metafemur 1.19, metatibia 1.09, metatarsus 0.05 + 0.07 + 0.27. Measurements of paratypes (n = 10): Body length 2.88 – 3.25; maximum body width (at metapleura) 1.00 – 1.13. Head width 0.67 – 0.72. Pronotum length 0.64 – 0.80, width 0.91 – 1.00. Colour: Black with numerous, variably extended orangeyellow parts. Anterior part of head between eyes and antennal fossae usually yellowish to brown, only rarely more strongly infuscated. Juga, labrum, and base of rostrum yellow. Prothorax yellow, except disc of pronotal lobe blackish brown, only its hind margin with usually narrow orange margin. Ventral parts of mesopleuron and all acetabula yellow. Connexival margins orange-yellow; medial parts of sternite 7 and ventral part of segment 8 brown. All coxae and trochanters yellow; profemur yellow, with black posterior stripe; protibia anteriorly often more or less yellowish; metafemur yellow, with posterior face largely black except basal fourth or third. Pilosity: Propleuron and mesopleuron with a few moderately long setae. Connexival margins at segments 5 – 7 with few decumbent setae. Dorsal surface of thoracic nota and abdominal tergites with appressed greyish pilosity; metanotum and tergites 1 – 3 with few, rather short decumbent setae. Structures: Head broader than anterior margin of pronotum. Juga flat, strongly inclined, moderately broad, without spinulae. Pronotum long, along midline about 1.7 times as long as head. Mesonotum not visible, or as a very narrow stripe. Proepisterna bearing small black spinulae anteromesally. Propleuron with row of black pits near hind margin; mesopleuron with similar scattered pits, metapleuron in some specimens with few pits. Profemur on extensor side lacking distinct concavity. Coxae and trochanters lacking black spinulae. Metatrochanter with one small subapical tooth and a very few minute spinulae. Hind femur strongly or very strongly enlarged, dentition on flexor side rich: basal row consisting of numerous minute, very densely set spinules, the most distal one slightly larger and a bit distant; other dentition quite variable, depending on femur size, but the two rows rather regular and parallel; posterodistal row, almost in continuation of basal row, consisting of about 7 – 10 teeth, starting in basal half, usually two longer teeth each followed by several shorter teeth, but in some specimens the longer teeth indistinct; anterodistal row consisting of ca. 6 – 10 very short, distantly set teeth, either parallel with posterodistal row, or reaching more basally, almost to base of femur. Specimens with strong hindlegs possessing strongly, almost evenly curved metatibiae, with rich dentition on flexor side including a tooth approximately at distal fourth; such with smaller hindlegs almost straight metatibiae with less developed dentition; apex always with two spines. Laterotergites moderately inclined. Tergites slightly convex, tergite 7 about 1.5 times as long as tergite 6, and 0.8 times as long as broad. Abdominal venter simple, without modifications. Proctiger (Fig. 8 E) slender, with hardly protruded lateral wings (Fig. 8 E). Paramere small, elongated, with almost straight distal part bearing a small, ventrallydirected apical lobe (Fig. 7 H). Description of apterous female. Measurements (n = 10): Body length 2.81 – 3.50; maximum body width (at metapleura) 0.95 – 1.20. Head width 0.64 – 0.73. Pronotum length 0.67 – 0.81, width 0.88 – 1.05. Colour: Similar to apterous male, except yellowish brown colour of medial parts of abdominal sternites much more extended anteriorly. Pilosity: Pilosity of thorax similar to that in males. Only tergites 1 – 2 (3) with rows of subdecumbent setae; tergite 7 bare; tergite 8 posteriorly with brush of long black, posteriorly directed setae. Laterotergites 5 – 7 with long, posteromedially directed setae (not very dense); connexival corner with dense tuft of black setae. Gonocoxa with some long setae dorsally. Structures: Head and thorax similar to those in apterous male. Fore and middle leg (including mesofemur) unmodified. Metatrochanter with one small spine only. Metafemur slenderer than in male; basal row of spinules lacking, a single small spine present in some specimens might correspond with the last enlarged spinule of males; dentition of posterodistal pronotum) 1.19 – 1.34. Head width 0.69 – 0.73. Pronotum length 1.09 – 1.25. Colour: Similar to apterous female. Forewing blackish, with pale ivory to yellowish streak at base. Pilosity: Setae on forewing veins as in macropterous male. Setae on abdomen compared to apterous female strongly reduced, except for long setae on tergite 8 and on connexival corners, which, however, do not form a dense tuft. Structures: Pronotum and forewings as in macropterous male. Hindleg structures as in apterous female. Abdomen broad; connexival margins subparallel; sternite 7 not visible in dorsal view. Tergite 8, gonocoxa, and proctiger as in apterous female. row consisting of 6 – 8 teeth, two longer teeth each followed by several shorter teeth; anterodistal row lacking. Metatibia straight to weakly curved, dentition on flexor side weaker than in male. Abdomen (Fig. 10 G, H) elongated. Connexival margins almost straight, steadily converging posteriorly, apices only with short distance. Laterotergites anteriorly steep, 3 – 7 almost vertical. Sternite 7 narrowly visible in dorsal view. Tergites 1 – 2 convex, 3 – 8 flat; tergite 7 about 1.2 times as long as tergite 6 and about 1.3 times as long as anteriorly wide, with shiny area at middle. Tergite 8 with indistinct shiny area (due to pilosity), directed posteriorly. Connexival corner in lateral view acute, but not elongated. Gonocoxa small, ventral margin weakly concave. Proctiger small, narrow, knob-like. Description of macropterous male. Measurements (n = 5): Body length 3.06 – 3.56; maximum body width (at pronotum) 1.25 – 1.31. Head width 0.67 – 0.73. Pronotum length 1.09 – 1.27. Colour: Similar to apterous male. Forewing blackish, with pale ivory to yellowish streak at base. Pilosity: Basal and lateral (anterior) veins of forewing with rows of rather short setae. Structures: Pronotum large, with protruding humeri. Forewing with 4 closed cells reaching distal fourth; dealate specimens unknown. Metafemur on average slenderer when compared to apterous male, dentition similar. Metatibia never strongly curved, with moderate dentition at flexor side, without subapical tooth. Description of macropterous female. Measurements (n = 6): Body length 3.06 – 3.69; maximum body width (at Comparative notes. Rhagovelia gapudi, new species, belongs to the R. cotabatoensis subgroup (sensu Zettel, 1996), which has never been revised in detail. Within this subgroup, it is the only species inhabiting the Palawan Region. The new species can be distinguished from R. cotabatoensis Hungerford & Matsuda, 1961, a widespread species in other parts of the Philippines, by the absence of black spinulae on the juga, the shape of the paramere (distally slenderer, smaller apical lobe), and in the apterous female by less convergent connexival margins (more or less touching each other in R. cotabatoensis) and the presence of shiny areas on tergites 7 and 8. In the Palawan Region, R. gapudi, new species, can only be mistaken for R. kawakamii hoberlandti, but the light anterior of the head distinguishes all morphs of Rhagovelia gapudi, new species, from that species (except freshly moulted imagines of R. kawakamii). Moreover, R. kawakamii also possesses some spinulae on the caudal areas of the juga. Males of the two species can be immediately identified by the shape of the parameres (comp. Fig. 7 G, H), apterous females by the shape of the abdomen (comp. Figs. 5 B, 6 B). In both female morphs of R. gapudi, new species, the ventral outline of gonocoxa 1 is slightly concave (Fig. 10 H, I: arrows), but straight in R. kawakamii. Habitats. Rhagovelia gapudi, new species, inhabits a large variety of running waters in the lowlands, including very small streamlets (Fig. 12 B). Observations suggest a preference for running sections, especially if compared to R. kawakamii, which prefers quiet water. This more or less corresponds to unpublished habitat notes on R. cotabatoensis and other related species (R. cotabatoensis subgroup). Rhagovelia gapudi, new species, can be found in rather disturbed habitats in open land as well. Within the Cabayugan River System, it was found only in Nagdayan Creek, a moderately disturbed, shallow lowland tributary with low stream bed heterogeneity (predominantly continuous, slow run), in contrast to R. matillanoi, which occupies the upper tributaries in the undisturbed uplands.	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
1A498792277F7811FC2DFBA83F1563B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Busuanga Island, Palawan Island (North and Central) (Fig. 11 F).	en	Zettel, Herbert, Laciny, Alice, Freitag, Hendrik (2020): Review of the genus Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Veliidae) in the Palawan biogeographic region, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 810-837, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0092
