identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8212893F547799E58147D5A76D62DD84.text	8212893F547799E58147D5A76D62DD84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cherokeea Quinter & Sullivan	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</p>
            <p> Cherokeea Quinter &amp; Sullivan gen. n.</p>
            <p>Gender.</p>
            <p>Masculine.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Cherokeea attakullakulla Sullivan &amp; Quinter, 2014 </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Cherokeea is derived from Cherokee, a Nation of Native American people who occupied the southern Appalachians and were exemplary stewards of the habitats and resources of the region. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This genus exhibits most but not all of the primary characteristics of the tribe  Apameini , i.e., ovipositor heavily sclerotized and dorsoventrally flattened, rugose sclerotized appendix bursae, and medially corrugated ductus bursae in the female; pleural sclerite a double helix in the male. It is distinguished from all known Nearctic and western Palearctic apameine genera by the conspicuous asymmetry of the saccular lobes of the male genitalia. This condition appears to be a uniquely derived synapomorphy shared with other as yet undescribed apameine genera restricted to southeastern United States. A sclerotized medial protrusion arising caudally from the basal margin of the male juxta appears to be autapomorphic. Additionally, the left valve bears a minute setose projection at the base of the sacculus, resembling a miniature clavus, which may be autapomorphic. The sole included species,  Cherokeea attakullakulla , is a small, dull-colored moth bearing a superficial resemblance to some species of  Neoligia . </p>
            <p> Cherokeea is immediately distinguishable from  Neoligia ,  Oligia Hübner ,  Mesoligia Boursin, and  Mesapamea Heinicke by quite different genitalic morphology given in the description below. Troubridge and Lafontaine (2002) characterized the genera related to  Neoligia .  Oligia is differentiated by an elongated pollex (spatulate and setose) that projects from the base of the cucullus, a prominent digitus, a uniquely bent uncus and unarmed vesica in the aedeagus.  Mesapamea has a paddle-like cucullus, no pollex, and an embedded digitus; the vesica has a basal cornutus.  Mesoligia combines characters of the first two genera by lacking a distinct pollex, the digitus is embedded but more sclerotized, the uncus is similar to that of  Oligia and the vesica contains a field of cornuti near the apex.  Neoligia has a smooth pollex, a plate-like digitus fused to the inner surface of the valve but not projecting over the anal edge, and the vesica has both a basal cornutus and an apical field of small cornuti. None of these characters aptly fits the rarely-collected apameine of the southern Appalachians, described herein. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Head. Male and female antennae simple, setose-ciliate; 54 segments. Eye smooth, round. Labial palpus of both sexes laterally flattened, upcurved; first segment swollen basally, arching slightly upward and somewhat more than half as long as second segment, which is straight; second segment about as long as eye width, broadly scaled; third segment 1/3  × length of second, narrowly scaled, and projecting slightly anteriorly. Frons convex, unmodified; with a central dense tuft of converging spatulate hairs. Thorax. Vestiture a mixture of coarse spatulate scales, spatulate hairs and simple hairs; mesoscutellar crest prominent, metascutellar tuft, less so. Wings. Forewings elongated and acutely rounded at apex. Venation typical apameine, as figured in Mikkola et al. (2009) except that R3 and R4 are stalked for half the distance from the areole to the margin. Legs. Normal apameine; tibia devoid of spiniform setae, but with the usual pair of spurs on the mesothoracic leg and two pairs on the metathoracic leg. Epiphysis on prothoracic leg 0.5  × length of tibia; prothoracic tibia 1.3  × length of first tarsomere. Tarsus with three rows of spiniform setae on first two proximal tarsomeres; four irregular rows on distal three tarsomeres. Abdomen. First segment lacking paired, lateral coremata; eighth sternite with deciduous, non-eversible brush. A prominent mid-dorsal tuft on A1; no tufts on remaining segments. Male genitalia (Figs 5, 6). Uncus long, slender and downcurved to sharp apex; fine, long setae on outer half of dorsal surface. Tegumen broad at base of uncus, then flaring laterally, forming broad peniculi before narrowing sharply at pleural sclerite to meet U-shaped vinculum; distal edges of peniculi covered with fine setae. Saccus short, blunt, broadly V-shaped. Juxta an elongated trapezoidal shield, 2 x as long as basal width; a medial protrusion with a keyhole-like center extending caudally from the basal margin. Anellar arms not fused. Valve with subapical  “neck” defining cucullus; ventral margin of valve slightly convex to  ¾ from base, then abruptly angled dorsally into deep notch at anteroventral edge of cucullus; dorsal margin of valve evenly concave to  ¾ from base, then abruptly angled dorsally to form rounded process at anterodorsal edge of cucullus. Cucullus triangular, apically slightly spatulate, with corona reduced to one or two apical setae; outer margin of cucullus bearing several larger spines, including two prominent anal spines; inner face of cucullus with a patch of fine hairs, denser  apically . Valves bilaterally asymmetrical with respect to shape of sacculus. Left valve bearing a minute setose projection at base of sacculus, resembling a miniature clavus, which appears autapomorphic; otherwise, costal lobe of left sacculus normal, rounded; costal lobe of right sacculus greatly expanded dorsally into a free, flattened process that extends distally half length of entire valve; saccular lobe attached at its distal base to more heavily sclerotized basal sclerite of clasper. Basal sclerite of clasper a narrow, sclerotized bar subparallel to ventral margin of valve, terminating in a point that fuses indistinguishably with digitus. A slender, setose ampulla projects posterodorsally from dorsal arm of clasper; ampulla 7-10  × as long as wide. Costal margin of valve heavily sclerotized, becoming free from surface of valve toward cucullus to form digitus. Digitus abruptly angled near neck of cucullus to project posteroventrally along anteroventral margin of cucullus, dorsal arm shorter, projecting in opposition; dorsal arm fused with rounded process at anterodorsal edge of cucullus; free, curved, ventral arm extended length of cucullus. Aedeagus (1.6 mm; n = 7, 1.5-1.8 mm) curved ventrally, 5-6  × as long as wide, with sclerotized band extending onto basal 1/4 of vesica on left. Vesica (3.5 mm; n = 6, 3.4-3.7 mm) kidney shaped, about 2  × as long as aedeagus, curving to right through 180° to project anteriorly; without basal or subbasal cornuti, but with two basal sclerotized straps projecting on to base of vesica, and a single spine-like bundle of smaller subparallel spines projecting distally near apex of vesica. </p>
            <p> Female genitalia (Fig. 7). Posterior tip of papillae anales to anterior end of corpus bursae 7.2 mm; n = 2, 6.6-7.8 mm. Corpus bursae membranous, elongate, 2  × as long as wide, ovoid, slightly constricted posterior to middle, without signa. Appendix bursae corrugated, arising posteriorly on left, more heavily sclerotized distally, 0.8  × length corpus bursae. Ductus bursae long, narrow, 12  × as long as wide, 0.8 x length corpus bursae, heavily sclerotized in longitudinal ridges, wider anteriorly than posteriorly, entering at their junction on right side 1/3 distance from posterior end of appendix bursae to anterior end corpus bursae. Lamella antevaginalis quadrate with W-shaped outline, sclerotized, strongly indented anteriorly at juncture with ostium, somewhat concave posteriorly; dorsal wall of ostium membranous, lacking any discernible lamella. Anterior and posterior apophyses 1.5  × length A8, slender with paddle-like terminations. Papillae anales dorsoventrally flattened, evenly tapered, acutely pointed cones with dorsal surface densely spinulose, ventral surface minutely setose. The two sclerotized rods between the anal papillae characteristic of  Apameini apparently secondarily lost in the very small adults. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8212893F547799E58147D5A76D62DD84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Quinter, Eric L.;Sullivan, J. Bolling	Quinter, Eric L., Sullivan, J. Bolling (2014): A new apameine genus and species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae). ZooKeys 421: 181-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7727, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7727
5139D73AFC2BACA80FCE35907632BD65.text	5139D73AFC2BACA80FCE35907632BD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cherokeea attakullakulla Sullivan & Quinter	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p>Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Noctuidae</p>
            <p> Cherokeea attakullakulla Sullivan &amp; Quinter sp. n. Figs 1-7 </p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Fontana View Estates on Lake Fontana, Swain County, North Carolina.</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype male: USA, North Carolina: Swain County, 2000', Fontana Lake Estates (35°38.44'N, 83°55.79'W), mesic mixed pine/hardwoods June 10,  2002 . J. Bolling Sullivan (USNM). Paratypes: (9♂ 12♀) same data as holotype, 8 and 10 June, 2002 (BMNH, USNM, CNC, ELQ, JBS). Other material examined: over 100 of both sexes collected from June 8-24 from: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Swain County, North Carolina (Wiggins-Watson Cemetery, Deep Creek, 2215' (35°28.0'N; 8326.2'W); Forney Creek, 1840' (35°28.1'N, 83°34.0'W.); Big Cove Road, 2054' (35°51.6'N, 83°29.4'W); Welch Ridge, 1840' (35°26.9'N, 83°44.6'W); Rutherford County, North Carolina, Box Creek Preserve, 1100  –1500’ (35°54.8'N; 81°93.9'W). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The name Attakullakulla, herein treated as a noun in apposition, refers to the Supreme Cherokee Leader (from 1761-1775) who represented his people in London in 1730 and at home in the Carolinas while negotiating various peace treaties.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The very limited distribution of this species to moderate altitudes in the southern Appalachian Mountains and foothills is unlikely to coincide with any species of  Neoligia . It is possible the moth might be confused with worn specimens of the common, widely distributed eustrotiine moth  Protodeltote muscosula (  Guenée ), but adults of that species are slightly larger, with an olivaceous cast to the forewings, a prominent, subquadrate dark patch between the orbicular and reniform spots, and lack the characteristic genitalic features of  Apameini . Otherwise, the genitalic characters described under the genus will serve to distinguish this species from anything of similar appearance occurring in North America. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Head. Dorsum of antenna with alternating brown and gray rings of scales, underside tan; scape white. Labial palpus with gray and brown rough  scaling . Frons with a mixture of white and brown erect scales, vertex and collar similar but with more dominant brown scaling. Thorax. Vestiture a mixture of coarse, brownish, spatulate scales, spatulate hairs and simple hairs; mesoscutellar crest prominent, metascutellar tuft, less so. Legs. As detailed in generic description. Wings (Figs 1-4). Forewings elongated and acutely rounded at apex. Forewing base to wing tip, 10.7 mm; N=20, (9.8-11.7 mm). Appearance variable, ranging from nearly uniform dull gray to much more contrasting and mottled, especially in females. Both phenotypes occur in both sexes, however. Antemedial line excurved, doubled, with pale gray to nearly white filling; slightly scalloped and comprised of black scales. Medial line or shade obscure. Postmedial line sinuous, excurved around reniform, most distinct at posterior margin, becoming obscure toward costa; slightly scalloped and doubled, with pale gray to nearly white filling; inner element of pm line much darker than the outer, which is defined by black points  on veins. Subterminal line a merged series of brownish-black indistinct chevrons. Terminal line a series of sharp, tiny black chevrons between veins. Fringe pale gray, with unbroken dark gray basal line. Basal, medial and terminal areas predominantly uniform gray, but with some reddish-brown scaling in the medial and basal areas in some individuals, especially toward posterior margin. Subterminal area usually paler gray, with quadrate, subapical dark patch on costa. Basal dash usually clearly visible, black, often highlighted below with whitish scales; medial dash variable, from completely obscure to a prominent bar, which may be the most distinct marking of the forewing; anal dash obscure or, at most, represented by an indistinct, dark, triangular patch of scales. Reniform spot auriculate, pale gray, of same shade as subterminal area. Orbicular spot similarly colored, ovoid, with an outline of black scales. Suborbicular and claviform spots not visible on worn material studied. Dorsal hindwing pale gray, plain, unmarked except for faint discal spot; fringe pale gray with darker gray basal line. Abdomen. Dorsal abdominal scaling white basally then brownish to tip; a prominent mid-dorsal tuft on first segment; ventral abdominal scaling brownish, becoming more yellow on ventral brush on eighth segment. Genitalia. As detailed for both sexes in generic description. </p>
            <p>Molecular results.</p>
            <p>Barcodes were obtained for seven specimens from both Swain and Rutherford Counties. There were five haplotypes which differed by as much as 0.6%. The most common haplotype was:</p>
            <p>AACATTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGTATAGTTGGAACCTCTTTAAGATTACTAATTCGAGCTGAATTAGGAAACCCCGGATCTTTAATTGGTGACGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATTGACTTGTACCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCAGATATAGCATTTCCACGAATAAATAATATAAGTTTTTGGTTACTTCCCCCATCTTTAACTTTATTAATTTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCTGGAACAGGATGAACAGTGTACCCCCCACTTTCATCTAATATTGCTCACGGAGGAAGTTCTGTAGATTTAGCCATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCTGGTATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGATTAAATAATTTATCTTTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTATTTGAGCGGTAGGAATTACTGCATTTTTATTATTATTATCACTACCCGTTTTAGCGGGAGCTATCACAATATTATTAACAGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT</p>
            <p> Barcode sequences for  Cherokeea attakullakulla did not associate with  Neoligia or other related genera when nearest neighbor similarity searches were conducted. </p>
            <p>Two patterns of maculation are seen (Figs 1-4), which we are calling mottled and plain. Intermediates are seen as well. These phenotypes did not segregate by location or by barcodes. Females are usually more heavily marked than males.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5139D73AFC2BACA80FCE35907632BD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Quinter, Eric L.;Sullivan, J. Bolling	Quinter, Eric L., Sullivan, J. Bolling (2014): A new apameine genus and species from the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae). ZooKeys 421: 181-191, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7727, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.421.7727
