identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1B4687EDFFB1FFF544FE449DFB0AFAA2.text	1B4687EDFFB1FFF544FE449DFB0AFAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaselia crassipes (Wood 1909)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megaselia crassipes (Wood)</p>
            <p>(Figures 1–3)</p>
            <p> Phora crassipes Wood 1909, p. 24</p>
            <p> Aphiochaeta dactylata Lundbeck 1920, p. 9 . Schmitz, 1952, p. 359 </p>
            <p> Aphiochaeta exclusa Lundbeck 1921, p. 134 . Schmitz, 1952, p. 361 </p>
            <p> Megaselia gargarans Schmitz 1948, p. 393 ,  syn. n.</p>
            <p> Megaselia basiturgida Disney and Durska 2011, p. 528 ,  syn. n.</p>
            <p> Megaselia crassipes was not obtained in the present study but it needs to be distinguished from a new species (described below) that was obtained, and from the addition to the British List. </p>
            <p> The recognition of  M. crassipes has proved troublesome from the beginning. Lundbeck (1922) only included Wood’ s species in his key to the species of his Group IV. However, he included his  M. dactylata and  M. exclusa in both the key and the text. Subsequently, Schmitz (1952) synonymised both these species with  M. crassipes . The effect of this was to play havoc with Lundbeck’ s key to his Group IV. For example, his first couplet separates those species with long costal cilia from those in which they are short. It is evident, however, that these cilia vary across accepted conventions regarding the boundary between ‘short’ and ‘long’. The failure to appreciate this caused Schmitz (1958) to key out this species in his Abteilung IV, Erste Reuhe. Schmitz and Beyer (1965) then keyed out  M. gargarans in Abteilung IV, Zweite Reihe. To add to the confusion, Borgmeier (1968) cited the wrong paper of Schmitz for the synonymy of  M. dactylata , but correctly observed that Schmitz (1958) had erroneously referred a photo of the wing of another species to  M. crassipes . </p>
            <p> The recognition of  M. gargarans has also proved troublesome. In the keys to the males of the species of the British Isles (Disney 1989), it seemingly runs to couplet 81, lead 2, to  M. crassipes . Schmitz did not provide a figure of the hypopygium but described the anal tube as being ‘kurz, kaum länger als hoch’, which would immediately exclude  M. crassipes . In the keys of Schmitz and Beyer (1965), the males of  M. gargarans run to couplet 52 on p. 523. Furthermore, in the text Beyer pointed out that Schmitz’ s description of the anal tube was incorrect, as he reported his measurement of its length-tobreadth ratio as being 8:4. Examination of Schmitz’ s slide mount of a paratype male of  M. gargarans (in the Museum Koenig, Bonn) endorses this (Figure 3). Furthermore, it is evident that it is a specimen of  M. crassipes at the larger and darker end of the spectrum of variation in this species. Therefore, the synonymy of  M. gargarans with  M. crassipes is herewith formally proposed.  M. basiturgida was described from two similarly darker males, but which are not quite as large as the paratype of  M. gargarans . Furthermore, the left hypandrial lobes of these two males are paler than usual. However, in every other respect, they lie within the ranges of variation for  M. crassipes . Therefore, the synonymy of  M. basiturgida with  M. crassipes is also herewith formally proposed. Critical details of  M. crassipes are given in Figures 1–2 and its recognition clarified in the revised couplets 79–81 of the key to the males recorded from the British Isles (Disney 1989) (see below). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B4687EDFFB1FFF544FE449DFB0AFAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Disney, R. H. L.;Russell-Smith, A.	Disney, R. H. L., Russell-Smith, A. (2014): Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees. Journal of Natural History 49 (25): 1599-1626, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974703
1B4687EDFFB4FFF9472F452AFD8EFE13.text	1B4687EDFFB4FFF9472F452AFD8EFE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaselia henrydisneyi Durska, in Disney and Durska 1998	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megaselia henrydisneyi Durska</p>
            <p>(Figures 4–6)</p>
            <p> Megaselia henrydisneyi Durska, in Disney and Durska 1998, p. 437 (male) </p>
            <p>  The recognition of this species was initially impeded by the badly faded condition of the type series from Poland when compared with the fresh material from England, and by two errors in the original description.  The latter included it being abdominal tergite 6, as opposed to T2 being longer than the rest of the abdominal tergites, and a pair of prescutellar dorsocentral bristles being present rather than absent. In some specimens these bristles are indeed lost, but their basal sockets are present. Critical details of the male are given in Figures 4–5. The hitherto unknown female is described below  . </p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>Head similar to male except labrum is about 1.4 times wider than diameter of postpedicel and the palp about 0.4–0.5 times as wide but 1.8 times as long as the latter. Labella paler, with submarginal pale greyish bands above and very few bristles reduced to small spinules below. Otherwise head similar to male. Thorax as male. Abdominal tergites brown. T5–T7 as Figure 6C. Venter grey, and with hairs below segments 3–6. Sternite 7 a narrow triangle, but of irregular outline, with five to 10 hairs. Posterolateral lobes at rear of sternum 8 as Figure 6B. Cerci lightly tinged brown and as Figure 6A. Furca not evident. Dufour’ s crop mechanism about twice as long as greatest width and rounded behind. Legs similar to male but the front tarsus is more slender and about 1.5 times as long as that of the male. Wing as male except 1.87–2.14 mm long. Costal index 0.49–0.50. Costal ratios 2.8– 3.6:1.6–2.0:1. Costal cilia 0.14–0.16 mm long. With five axillary bristles. Otherwise it and haltere as male.</p>
            <p>One female was gravid with 40 eggs that measure 0.32 mm long and 0.13–0.14 mm wide.</p>
            <p>Material</p>
            <p> Obtained in pitfall traps in crowns of old pollards at the following localities. Berkshire, Windsor Great Park, (grid ref. SU 9872), Bear Rails, crowns of old oaks (  Quercus spp.), 22.vi–13.vii.2012; Buckinghamshire, Burnham Beeches, 2–31. </p>
            <p>  v.2012; Essex,  Hatfield Forest (grid ref. TL5319), 22.v–15.vi.2012  ;   Kent, Merton Hatch,  Bockhanger Wood , hornbeam (  Carpinus betulus ), 14.v.–9.vi.2012  . </p>
            <p>Recognition</p>
            <p>In the keys to the males of British species (Disney 1989), the males run to couplets 79– 81, which are revised below.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B4687EDFFB4FFF9472F452AFD8EFE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Disney, R. H. L.;Russell-Smith, A.	Disney, R. H. L., Russell-Smith, A. (2014): Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees. Journal of Natural History 49 (25): 1599-1626, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974703
1B4687EDFFB8FFFB44CF419DFD8EFCF4.text	1B4687EDFFB8FFFB44CF419DFD8EFCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaselia russellsmithi Disney & Russell-Smith 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megaselia russellsmithi Disney sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figures 7–8)</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>Frons brown, clearly broader than long, with 48–64 hairs and dense but very fine microtrichia. Upper supra-antennal bristles (SAs) almost as long and robust as the lower pair. The antials about level on frons with upper SAs but a little lower than anterolaterals, and about twice as far from upper SAs as either is from an anterolateral bristle. Pre-ocellars a little further apart than either is from a mediolateral bristle, which is slightly higher on frons. Cheek with three to six bristles and jowl with three that are longer and more robust. The subglobose postpedicels are brown, without subcutaneous pit sensilla (SPS) vesicles. Palps yellow, at most a third as broad as postpedicel but 1.5 times as long as breadth of latter, with five to six bristles (the longest shorter than lower SAs but longer than those on jowl) and six to eight hairs. Labrum pale grey and about 0.9 times as wide as a postpedicel. Labella paler, the dorsolateral bands being scarcely differentiated, and with very few short spinules below. Thorax brown. Three notopleural bristles and no cleft in front of these. Mesopleuron with five to 11 (mean: 7) hairs. Scutellum with an anterior pair of hairs (subequal to those in middle of scutum) and a posterior pair of bristles. Abdominal tergites brown with small hairs, but those at rear of T6 longer. Venter grey, and with hairs on segments 3–6, but those on 3 and 4 are few and may be reduced or absent. Hypopygium mainly brown but the left lobe of hypanduum and anal tube are pale grey, and as in Figures 7A–B. Apart from brown patch on mid coxa, legs yellowish brown or paler, the hind femur being darkest with the tip darker still. Fore tarsus with posterodorsal hair palisade on segments 1–4 or 5 and 5 clearly longer than 4. Its basitarsus with one to two rows of hairs modified as short spinules. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends about 0.6 times its length. Hairs below basal half of hind femur shorter than those of anteroventral row of outer half. Hind tibia with 17–21 differentiated posterodorsal hairs and spinules of apical combs simple. Wings 1.3–1.6 mm long. Costal index 0.46–0.49. Costal ratios 2.5–3.2:1.1– 1.3:1. Costal cilia (of section 3) 0.07–0.08 mm long. Hair at base of vein 3 minute or absent. With two axillary bristles (one with three on one wing only), both being longer than costal cilia. Subcosta (Sc) not reaching R1. Thick veins and veins 4–6 pale greyish brown, vein 7 very pale grey. Membrane tinged grey (evident to naked eye when viewed against a white background). Haltere brown.</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>Head similar to male but labrum about 1.3 times wider than diameter of postpedicel and palp about 1.3 times as long as latter’ s diameter. Otherwise head similar to male. Thorax as male. Abdominal tergites brown. T5–T7 as in Figure 8A. Venter grey, and with hairs below segments 4–6 or 5–6 only. Sternite 7 and posterolateral lobes at rear of sternum 8 as in Figure 8B. Cerci grey and as in Figure 8C. Furca not evident. Dufour’ s crop mechanism about twice as long as greatest width, rounded behind and about 0.10– 0.11 mm long. Legs similar to male but 21–23 differentiated posterodorsal on mid tibia. Wing as male except 1.7–1.8 mm long. Costal index 0.48–0.50. Costal ratios 2.6– 3.2:1.1–1.2:1. Costal cilia 0.10–0.12 mm long. Otherwise it and haltere as male.</p>
            <p>Material</p>
            <p>  Holotype: male, England,  Berkshire , Windsor Great Park, (grid ref. SU9872), Bear Rails, crown of old oak (  Quercus sp.) pollard, pitfall trap, 22.vi–13.vii.2012, A. R-S, (UCMZ, 20–172)  . Paratypes: two males, two females as holotype (20–172 &amp; 173). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>Named for the collector Dr. Tony Russell-Smith.</p>
            <p>Recognition</p>
            <p>In the keys to the males of British species (Disney 1989), the males run to couplets 79– 81, which are revised below.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B4687EDFFB8FFFB44CF419DFD8EFCF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Disney, R. H. L.;Russell-Smith, A.	Disney, R. H. L., Russell-Smith, A. (2014): Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees. Journal of Natural History 49 (25): 1599-1626, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974703
1B4687EDFFBAFFFC470C43FBFC02FB7F.text	1B4687EDFFBAFFFC470C43FBFC02FB7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaselia serrata (Wood 1910)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megaselia serrata (Wood)</p>
            <p>(Figures 9–17)</p>
            <p> Phora serrata Wood 1910, p. 150 (male) </p>
            <p>The male of this species is covered by the key to British species (Disney 1989). The hitherto-unknown female is described below.</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>Head similar to male but the greyish-brown labrum is 1.1–1.2 times as wide as the diameter of the postpedicel (which, like that of the male, lacks subcutaneous pit sensilla [SPS] vesicles). In the male, the labrum is only about 0.08 times as wide as a postpedicel. Labella paler, with submarginal light brown bands above and very few bristles reduced to small spinules below at tips. Otherwise head similar to male. Thorax similar to male, in having three bristles on notopleuron, seven to 10 hairs on mesopleuron, and scutellum with an anterior pair of small hairs and a posterior pair of bristles. Abdominal tergites brown and as in Figures 9 and 10. Terminal segments as in Figure 12. Venter grey, and with hairs below segments 3–6. Sternite 7 brown and as in Figure 12. Posterolateral lobes at rear of sternum 8 tinged brown and with three hairs at rear margin and several smaller ones further forward (Figure 13). Cerci brown and as in Figure 11. Furca pale grey and outline variable in relation to angle of view (Figures 14–16). Dufour’ s crop mechanism seemingly absent. Legs similar to male but the hind femur lacks the hooked spines beneath the basal half, where the hairs are subequal to the anteroventral hairs of the distal half. The dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia, as in male, extends about two thirds of length. Wing as male except 1.4–1.5 mm long. Costal index 0.40. Costal ratios 4.4:1.7:1. Costal cilia (of section 3) 0.07 mm long. Vein Sc not reaching vein 1 and with no hair at base of vein 3. With two unequal axillary bristles, the outer being longer than the costal cilia. Otherwise wing and haltere as male.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B4687EDFFBAFFFC470C43FBFC02FB7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Disney, R. H. L.;Russell-Smith, A.	Disney, R. H. L., Russell-Smith, A. (2014): Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees. Journal of Natural History 49 (25): 1599-1626, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974703
1B4687EDFFBDFFE144F44540FC5AFB70.text	1B4687EDFFBDFFE144F44540FC5AFB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaselia speiseri Schmitz 1929	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megaselia speiseri Schmitz</p>
            <p>(Figures 17–21)</p>
            <p> Megaselia speiseri Schmitz 1929, p. 124 (male) </p>
            <p> The male of this species is covered by the key to British species (Disney 1989). In the keys to the Palaearctic species, it is keyed out in Abteilung V (Schmitz and Delage 1974) and described in Schmitz and Delage (1981). However, the costal index varies across the division between those species with a costal index less than 0.44 (Abteilung V) and those whose costal index is O.44 or more. Specimens with the longer costal index fall within Abteilung IV, Erste Reihe, whose species were keyed by Schmitz (1958).  M. speiseri will run to couplet 15 in this key. The males of the species of this couplet, along with others, are covered by Disney (1989). Hitherto the female of this species has remained unknown. It is described below. </p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>Head similar to male but labrum (Figure 17) about 1.5 times wider than diameter of postpedicel. Labella paler, with submarginal pale greyish bands above and only about a dozen, widely spaced, bristles reduced to small spinules below and at tips. Otherwise head similar to male. Thorax as in the male in that it has three notopleural bristles, 0–9 (mean: 5) hairs on mesopleuron and the scutellum with an anterior pair of hairs (about as strong as those in middle of scutum) and a posterior pair of bristles. Abdominal tergites brown. T3–T6 as Figure 18. Terminal segments as in Figure 19. Venter grey, and typically with hairs below segments 3–6, but sometimes none on 3, Sternite 7 and lobes at rear of sternum 8 as Figure 20. Cerci brown and at most 1.5 times as long as broad. Furca not evident. Dufour’ s crop mechanism as in Figure 21. Legs similar to male. Wing as in male except 1.3–1.6 mm long. Costal index 0.44–0.46. Costal ratios 2.5–4.2:1.1–1.5:1. Costal cilia 0.06–00.09 mm long. With two to three axillary bristles, the outermost being longer than the costal cilia. Otherwise it and haltere as male.</p>
            <p>Comment</p>
            <p>Variation in the number of the relatively few hairs on the mesopleuron includes a single female with a bare mesopleuron. A male with such a bare mesopleuron will fail to key out in the key to the males recorded from the British Isles (Disney 1989), or else its hypoppygium (loc. cit. fig. 318) obviously differs from those it may run to in the key, especially in having more than nine hairs on each cercus.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B4687EDFFBDFFE144F44540FC5AFB70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Disney, R. H. L.;Russell-Smith, A.	Disney, R. H. L., Russell-Smith, A. (2014): Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees. Journal of Natural History 49 (25): 1599-1626, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974703
1B4687EDFFA0FFE244F2457CFBC9FC38.text	1B4687EDFFA0FFE244F2457CFBC9FC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaselia velutinicavus Disney & Russell-Smith 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megaselia velutinicavus Disney ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figures 22A–D)</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>Frons brown, clearly broader than long, with 60–62 hairs and dense but very fine microtrichia. SAs almost equal. The antials lower on frons than the anterolaterals but higher than the upper SAs, and about 2.5 times as far from the upper SAs as either is from an anterolateral bristle. Pre-ocellars a little farther apart than either is from a mediolateral bristle, which is a little higher on frons. Cheek with five bristles and jowl with two. The subglobose postpedicels brown and without SPS vesicles. Palps dusky yellow, at most a third as broad as postpedicel but about 1.3 times as long as breadth of latter, with four bristles and five hairs. Labrum pale yellowish grey and about half as wide as a postpedicel. Labella with combined width 1.5–1.6 times as broad as a postpedicel, paler than palps and the dorsolateral bands are only weakly pigmented, and with only six to eight short spinules at tip. Thorax brown. Three notopleural bristles and no cleft in front of these. Mesopleuron with six hairs. Scutellum with an anterior pair of hairs (about as strong as those in the middle of the scutum) and a posterior pair of bristles. Abdominal tergites brown with hairs longest at hind margins, especially on T6. Venter grey, and with hairs on segments 3–6. Hypopygium brown, with a grey anal tube, and as in Figures 22A and 22B. Legs brown. Fore tarsus with posterodorsal hair palisade on segments 1–4, and 5 about as long as but broader than 4. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends almost half its length. Hairs below basal half of hind femur shorter than those of anteroventral row of outer half. Hind tibia with 24–26 differentiated posterodorsal hairs and spinules of apical combs simple. Hind basitarsus with an elongated, internal hairy cavity (Figures 22C–D). Wings 1.7 mm long. Costal index 0.40. Costal ratios 3.7:1.0:1. Costal cilia (of section 3) 0.17–0.18 mm long. No hair at base of vein 3. With unequal axillary bristles, the outer being shorter than costal cilia. Sc not reaching R1. Thick veins light brown, thin veins 4–6 a little darker and 7 pale. Membrane tinged grey (evident to naked eye when viewed against a white background). Haltere brown.</p>
            <p>  Holotype: male, England, Essex,  Hainault Forest , (grid ref. TQ4894), crown of hornbeam (  Carpinus betulus ), 22.v–11.vi.2012, A. R-S, (UCMZ, 20–176). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The name refers to the hair-lined cavity of the hind basitarsus.</p>
            <p>Recognition</p>
            <p> In the keys to British species (Disney 1989) the males run to couplets 130 and 131. This  M. pusilla (Meigen) species complex has since been added to (Disney 2011).  M. velutinicavus is immediately distinguished from the rest of this complex by the internal hairy cavity of the hind basitarsus (Figure 22D), apart from the hypopygium (Figures 22A–B). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B4687EDFFA0FFE244F2457CFBC9FC38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Disney, R. H. L.;Russell-Smith, A.	Disney, R. H. L., Russell-Smith, A. (2014): Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees. Journal of Natural History 49 (25): 1599-1626, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974703
1B4687EDFFA3FFE844C84384FC96F9A5.text	1B4687EDFFA3FFE844C84384FC96F9A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megaselia Rondani 1856	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Megaselia D&amp;R-S sp. A </p>
            <p>(Figures 23–24)</p>
            <p> This is probably a new species. However, the females of many species of  Megaselia are unknown, are inadequately described or else have been incorrectly assigned to a species on the basis of co-occurrence at a locality on the same date. </p>
            <p>The single specimen is a little damaged and with a quantity of debris adhering.</p>
            <p>Female</p>
            <p>Frons brown, clearly broader than long, with 40–44 hairs and dense but very fine microtrichia. SAs unequal, the lower pair at most two thirds as long as the upper pair. The antials about the same level on the frons as anterolaterals and upper SAs, and almost 3 times as far from upper SAs as from an anterolateral bristle. Pre-ocellars and mediolateral bristles almost equally spaced and at same level on frons. Cheek with three to five bristles and jowl with three that are longer. The subglobose postpedicels dusky yellow, without SPS vesicles. Palps whitish-grey, at most half as broad as postpedicel but about 1.8 times as long as breadth of latter, with five bristles and 10–13 hairs. Labrum pale yellow and about as wide as a postpedicel. Labella paler and their combined width about 1.7 times that of a postpedicel and with fewer than a dozen short spinules below each. Thorax mainly yellow above and brown on sides. Three notopleural bristles and no cleft in front of these. Mesopleuron bare. Scutellum with an anterior pair of hairs (about as large as those in middle of scutum) and a posterior pair of bristles. Abdominal tergites 1– 5 brown, T6 and T7 very faintly tinged brown and T8 devoid of pigment (Figure 23). Venter light grey, and with hairs on segments 3–6. Sternite 7 represented by hairs only. Posterolateral lobes at rear of sternum 8 short. Cerci pale whitish-grey and about 2.7 times as long as broad. Furca brownish grey and as in Figure 24. Dufour’ s crop mechanism not apparent. Legs yellow apart from brown patch on mid coxa and tip of hind femur. Fore tarsus with posterodorsal hair palisade on segments 1–4, and 5 a little shorter than 4. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends about 0.7 times its length. Hairs below basal half of hind femur longer than those of anteroventral row of outer half. Hind tibia with at least a dozen differentiated posterodorsal hairs, and spinules of apical combs simple. Wings 1.8–1.9 mm long. Costal index 0.49–0.50. Costal ratios 4.4:2.8:1. Costal cilia (of section 3) 0.09–0.10 mm long. Hair at base of vein 3 minute. With three axillary bristles, the outer being longer than costal cilia. Sc not reaching R1. Thick veins light brown, thin veins 4–6 a little darker and 7 pale. Membrane tinged grey (just evident to naked eye when viewed against a white background). Haltere knob pale dusky yellow.</p>
            <p>Material</p>
            <p>  Vouche r female, Essex,  Hatfield Forest (grid ref. TL5319), crown of ancient pollarded hornbeam (  Carpinus betulus ), 22.v–15.vi.2012 (UCMZ, 20–179) </p>
            <p> Revised couplets 79–81 of the keys to the males of the British species of  Megaselia (Disney 1989) . </p>
            <p> The following three species recorded from mainland Europe are also included.  M. pedatella (Schmitz) , whose recognition was clarified by Disney (2003),  M. altezza Brenner (2006) and  M. meridiana Brenner (2004) . </p>
            <p> 79 Haltere brown .................................................................................................. 82 – Knob of haltere yellow. (Hypopygium as in Figure 25) Body length less than 2 mm) ........................................................................................................  pedatella (Schmitz)</p>
            <p>80 Anal tube clearly longer than midline length of dorsal face of epandrium ...... 81 – Anal tube subequal to or shorter than dorsal face of epandrium .................... 82</p>
            <p> 81 Hypopygium as in Figures 7A–B, each cercus having fewer than 10 hairs. The costal cilia (of section 3) less than 0.1 mm long. With only two bristles on axillary ridge .......................................................................................  russellsmithi Disney</p>
            <p> – Hypopygium as in Figures 4A–B and 5B–C, each cercus having more than 10 hairs. The costal cilia more than 0.1 mm long. With three to four bristles on axillary ridge .........................................................................  henrydisneyi Durska</p>
            <p>82 Left half of hypandrium lacks a lobe projecting rearwards ............................. 83 – Left lobe of hypandrium present ..................................................................... 84</p>
            <p>83 Hypopygium as in fig. 314 (in Disney 1989), each cercus having more than 10 hairs. Mid and front tibiae yellowish ......................................... hortensis (Wood)</p>
            <p>– Hypopygium as in fig. 316 (in Disney 1989), each cercus having less than 10 hairs. All femora dark brown ............................................................. alticolella (Wood)</p>
            <p>84 Fifth segment of front tarsus clearly longer than fourth and all segments with a posterodorsal hair palisade (e.g. Figure 1A) .................................................... 85</p>
            <p> – Fifth segment of front tarsus about as long as fourth and lacking a posterodorsal hair palisade. (Hypopygium as in figs. 2–3 in Brenner 2006.) Wing length less than 1/ 5 mm. Costal cilia of section 3 less than 0.1 mm long. Hairs below basal half of hind femur shorter than those of anteroventral row of outer half) ......  meridiana Brenner</p>
            <p> 85 Palps yellow. Axillary ridge of wing with two to three bristles ....................... 86 – Palps brown. Axillary ridge of wing with four to five bristles. (Hypopygium as in fig. 1 in Brenner, 2004) .................................................................  altezza Brenner</p>
            <p> 86 Epandrium hairs about as robust as those at rear of abdominal tergite 6 (Figure 2). Left lobe of hypandrium with microtrichia (Figure 3) ................... ................................................................................................  crassipes (Wood)</p>
            <p>– The hairs towards lower edges of epandrium thicker, bristle-like and clearly more robust than those at rear of T 6. Left lobe of hypandrium bare but with fine irregular fine fluting. (Figure 6) ............................................ return to couplet 81</p>
            <p>The precise numbers of each species trapped are not recorded, not least because there was a high frequency of teneral specimens which are frequently not readily identified</p>
            <p>without the use of molecular barcodes. The numbers recorded below are for the minimum number of samples in which a species was obtained. The returns are for more than 30 traps. However, the catches were typically for several traps combined (ranging from 1 to 30 traps, but most frequently for five). In some cases, two or more samples were amalgamated. Furthermore, the duration for which a trap was set ranged from 24 to 63 days. These limitations preclude the use of statistical analysis, but the non-equivalent samples below do allow an indication of the relative abundances of the species.</p>
            <p> The full list of  Phoridae recorded from pitfall traps set in the crowns of ancient pollards in the South of England is as follows, with the localities abbreviated thus: BB = Burnham Beeches, Berks; BW = Bockhanger Wood, Merton Hatch, Kent; HF = Hainault Forest, Essex; HT = Hatfield Forest, Essex; WGP = Windsor Great Park, Berks; WW = Wytham Woods, Oxford; and the tree species thus: Cb = hornbeams (  Carpinus betulus ), Fs = beech (  Fagus sylvatica ), Q = oaks (  Quercus spp); samples from limes (  Tilia sp.) were mixed with those from beech, X = mixed samples from more one tree species. These codes are followed by the number of samples in each case. </p>
            <p> The female attributed to  Conicera tarsalis does not run to any of the species included in Buck’ s (2001a) incomplete key to the females of the European species of this genus. </p>
            <p>The known larval habits are from the review in Disney (1994), except where indicated otherwise.</p>
            <p> Anevrina thoracica (Meigen) Bb-X-2, HF-Cb-4, HT-Cb-1 = seven samples. Larvae reported from dead snails. </p>
            <p> A. unispinosa (Zetterstedt) BB- X1, HT - Cb-1 = two samples. Larvae reported from invertebrate and vertebrate carrion. </p>
            <p> Conicera floricola SchmitzBB-X2 = two samples. </p>
            <p> C. tibialis SchmitzBW-Cb-1 = one sample. The larvae feed on vertebrate carrion (especially when buried in the soil). </p>
            <p> Conicera sp. a female, possibly  C. tarsalis Schmitz , whose female has not been adequately characterised BW-Cb-1 = one sample. </p>
            <p> Diplonevra pilosella (Schmitz) BW-Cb-1 = one sample. It has been reared from a wounded earthworm (  Lumbricidae ). </p>
            <p> Gymnophora quartomollis SchmitzWGP-Q1 = one sample. </p>
            <p> Megaselia aculeata (Schmitz) BB-X1, HT-Cb2 = three samples. </p>
            <p> M. altifrons (Wood) BB-X1, BW-Cb5, HF-Cb5, WGP-Q1, WW-Fs1 = 13 samples. </p>
            <p> M. angusta (Wood) BW-Cb4, HF-Cb4, HT - Cb3 = 11 samples. It has been reared from invertebrate and vertebrate carrion, decaying fungi and plant material. </p>
            <p> M. basispinata (Lundbeck) BB-X1, BW-Cb2, HF-Cb4, Ht-Cb1, WGP-Q2 = 10 samples. </p>
            <p> M. breviterga (Lundbeck) BW - Cb1, HF-Cp1, WW-Q1 = three samples. </p>
            <p> M. ciliata (Zetterstedt) HF -Cb - 2 = two samples. The larvae are predators of slug eggs (  Arion sp. and  Deroceras sp.). </p>
            <p> M. cinerea Schmitz BB-X-2, HT-Cb-1, WGP-Q-4 = seven samples. </p>
            <p> M. diversa (Wood) BW-Cb4, HF-Cb2, HT - Cb - 1, WGP-Q - 1 = eight samples. </p>
            <p> M. errata (Wood) BB-X - 3, WW-Fs1 = four samples. Buck (1997 b, 2001b) reported this species breeding in baits of dead snails. </p>
            <p> M. funesta DisneyWGP-Q1 = one sample. </p>
            <p> M. fungivora (Wood) BB-X1 = one sample. </p>
            <p> M. giraudii (Egger) BB-X2, BW-Cb3, HF-Cb3, HT - Cb3, WGP-Q7 = 18 samples. SchmitzBB-X2, HT - Cb - 1, WGP-Q - 4 = seven samples. The larvae feed on a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate carrion and other decaying matter. </p>
            <p> M. henrydisneyi DurskaBB-X - 2, BW-Cb - 1, HT- Cb2, W-GPQ2 = seven samples. </p>
            <p> M. hirtiventris (Wood) HT - Cb1 = one sample. The larvae develop in fungi.  M. ignobilis (Schmitz) BW -Cb 1, HF -Cb 1, HT - Cb3 = five samples. </p>
            <p> M. insons (Lundbeck) BB -X1, WGP - Q2 = three samples. </p>
            <p> M. involuta (Wood) WGP-Q2 = two samples. </p>
            <p> M. latipalpis (Schmitz) WGP-Fs1 = one sample. </p>
            <p> M. longicostalis (Wood) BB-X - 1 BW- Cb- 3, HF-Cb4, WGP-Q1 = nine samples. The larvae feed on a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate carrion and other decaying matter. </p>
            <p> M. longifurca (Lundbeck) HF-Cb1 = one sample. The larvae prey on the eggs of spiders. </p>
            <p> M. melanocephala (von Roser) BW-Cb1 = one sample. The larvae prey upon the eggs of the cave-dwelling spider.  Meta menardi (Tetragnathidae) , </p>
            <p> M. nigriceps (Loew) BW- Cb4, HF-Cb3, HT-Cb1, WGP-Q1 = nine samples. It has been reared from a rotten willow log and dead insects. </p>
            <p> M. pleuralis (Wood) BB-X2, BW-Cb 3, HF-Cb2, HT - Cb4 = 11 samples. It has been reared from bird and mammal dung and other decaying organic materials. </p>
            <p> M. pseudogiraudii (Schmitz) BB-X1, BW-Cb6, HF-Cb7, HT-Cb3, WGP-Q3, WW- Fs2 = 22 samples. </p>
            <p> M. pusilla (Meigen) HF-Cb1, HT-Cb1, WGP-Q - 1 = three samples. </p>
            <p> M. pygmaea (Zetterstedt) WW- Fs1 = one sample. </p>
            <p> M. rubescens (Wood) HT–Cb 2, WGP-Q 1 = three samples. It has been reared from a range of fungus sporophores. </p>
            <p> M. ruficornis (Meigen) BW-Cb5, HF-Cb3, WGP-Q - 1 = nine samples. It has been reared from dung and vertebrate and invertebrate carrion. </p>
            <p> M. rufipes (Meigen) BB-X4, BW-Cb6, HF-Cb - 6, HT-Cb- 4, WGP- Q 10 = 30 samples. The larvae exploit a wide range of decaying organic materials. </p>
            <p> M. rupestris SchmitzHF- Cb 1 = one sample. </p>
            <p> M. russellsmithi n. sp. WGP-Q2 = one sample. </p>
            <p> M. serrata (Wood) WGP- Q2 = two samples. </p>
            <p> M. shawi DisneyHF-Cb - 1 = one sample. It has been reared from the sporophore of a fungus (Ševčík 2010). </p>
            <p> M. speiseri SchmitzWGP -Q3 = three samples. </p>
            <p> M. spinicincta (Wood) BB -X1 = one sample. It has been reared from fungus sporophores. </p>
            <p> M. subcarpalis (Lundbeck) BW- Cb1, WGP- Q2 = three samples. </p>
            <p> M. sylvatica (Wood) BB- X2 = two samples. It has been reared from the sporophores of fungi. </p>
            <p> M. tenebricola SchmitzHT-Cb1 = one sample. </p>
            <p> M. velutinicavus n. sp. HF-Cb1 = one sample. </p>
            <p>M. sp. (female) D&amp;R-S sp. AWW-Fs - 1 = one sample.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B4687EDFFA3FFE844C84384FC96F9A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Disney, R. H. L.;Russell-Smith, A.	Disney, R. H. L., Russell-Smith, A. (2014): Additions to the British list of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae), including two new species, from the crowns of ancient pollarded trees. Journal of Natural History 49 (25): 1599-1626, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974703
