identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
151E87CA6846FFD2FF0FC244FB0AFAB6.text	151E87CA6846FFD2FF0FC244FB0AFAB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metallesthes Kraatz 1880	<div><p>Metallesthes Kraatz, 1880: 202</p><p>Type species: Diaphonia metallescens White, 1859, by subsequent designation in Cassis &amp; Weir, 1992: 446.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/151E87CA6846FFD2FF0FC244FB0AFAB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moeseneder, Christian H.;Hutchinson, Paul M.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Moeseneder, Christian H., Hutchinson, Paul M., Lambkin, Christine L. (2014): Revision of the genus Metallesthes Kraatz and description of Metallesthes anneliesae, a new species of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.1
151E87CA6843FFDBFF0FC18CFEF7FE1B.text	151E87CA6843FFDBFF0FC18CFEF7FE1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metallesthes anneliesae Moeseneder & Hutchinson	<div><p>Metallesthes anneliesae Moeseneder &amp; Hutchinson, new species</p><p>(Figs 1–2, 5 A, 6A, 6E, 7A–D, 7F, 7H, 7J–K, 7O)</p><p>P. [ Pseudoclithria] sp 5 Golding 2009: 15. Gen 4 sp 1 Golding 2009: 47.</p><p>Material examined (47 specimens). Holotype, male (Fig. 1): AUSTRALIA: The Quarry, Dunmore S.F., Qld, 8.i.2011, C. &amp; T. Moeseneder &amp; C. Dale, T159387 [QM]. Condition: specimen complete and undamaged.</p><p>Paratypes, 28 males and 18 females: AUSTRALIA. QUEENSLAND: 4 m. / 1 f., same data as holotype, 60968- 0 0 3, 60968-004, 60968-006, 60968-007 [MIC], T159386 [QM] (Fig. 2); 2 m., Barakula S.F., Chinchilla, 29.xii.2006, B. Howton, CET 1288 [PMH], CET 1289 [WAM]; 1 m., Dunmore S.F., 7.i.1999, K. Thomas [AH]; 3 m. / 2 f., The Quarry, Dunmore S.F., 4.i.2011, C. Dale &amp; B. Howton, 60965-001, 60965-002, 60965-003, 60965-004 [MIC], CET 0839 [PMH]; 11 m. / 3 f., Junction Dunmore-Western Creek Road and Dunmore-Tara Road, Dunmore S.F., 15.i.2011, C. Dale &amp; B. Howton, K.403290 [AM], 60974-014 [ANIC], 60974-006 [DAFWA], 60974-003, 60974-004, 60974-010, 60974-016 [MIC], 60974-005 [NHML], T-21751 [NMV], CET 1286, CET 1287 [PMH], CET 1290 [QDPC], T159388 [QM], 60974-008 [SAM]; 1 m. / 1 f., Gurrulmundi, 26.xii.2003, D. Kitchin, CET 0678, CET 0679 [PMH]; 1 m. / 1 f., 16 km NNE of Inglewood, 15.i.2011, C. Dale &amp; B. Howton, 60975-007 [MIC], 60975- 0 0 6 [QDPC]; 1 f., Leyburn, 10.i.1964, A. Macqueen, “ Metallesthes niger” paratype label from M.E. Bacchus, T159390 [QM]; 1 m., Leyburn, Qld, 14.xii.1991, T159389 [QM]; 1 m. / 1 f., Leyburn, 26.xii.1994, D. Kitchin, CET 0680, CET 0681 [PMH]; 2 f. on one card, Millmerran, Qld, xii.1950, J. Macqueen [ANIC]; 2 f. on one card, Millmerran, Qld, i.1953, J.G. Brooks [ANIC]; 2 f. on one card, Millmerran, 11.i.1958, J. Macqueen, “ Metallesthes glaber” paratype label from M.E. Bacchus [ANIC]; 1 m. / 1 f., Moonie, 8.xii.2005, D. Kitchin, CET 1284, CET 1285 [PMH]; 1 f., St. George, xii.1991 [AIF]. NEW SOUTH WALES: 1 m., Goonoo S.F., 23.i.1979, R.H. Mulder, K358834 [AM]. Other material (not included in type series). AUSTRALIA: 1 m., Weir River Road, Dunmore S.F., Qld, 22.xii.2009, C. Moeseneder &amp; R. Zietek, at entrance of ant nest [head and abdomen missing], 60850-028 [MIC].</p><p>Diagnosis. Stocky; with black lacquer sheen; without metallic reflections; dorsally and ventrally bearing black setae, longer and denser anteriorly; elytra broadly exposing abdominal segments laterally and apically (Fig. 7 K); fifth protarsomeres unmodified, proclaws symmetric (Fig. 7 J); pronotum and elytra finely punctate; costae distinct; mesometasternal process not laterally expanded, apex arcuate, in same plane as body in lateral view; phallobase without modification (Fig. 7 H); clypeus quadrate (Fig. 7 O). Differences compared to M. metallescens and M. unicolor: smaller; stockier; without metallic reflections; punctation finer; costae immediately apparent; fifth protarsomeres unmodified. Differences compared to other black cetoniines ( Aphanesthes trapezifera, A. pullata, Bisallardiana spp.): stocky; posthumeral emargination weakly sinuate (deep in Bisallardiana); elytra exposing abdominal segments; costae apparent; dorsally and ventrally bearing long, black setae, more so anteriorly.</p><p>Description. Holotype. Male (Figs 1, 6 A). Length 16.0 mm, width 8.5 mm. Black, without metallic reflections. Head. Clypeus quadrate, raised medially; clypeolateral ridge subparallel then broadly arcuate forming margins of lobes, moderately raised; lateral declivity narrow in dorsal view, widest at midlength; apical lobes broadly arcuate, with a distinct arcuate anteromedian emargination. Antenna with 10 antennomeres; club with 3 antennomeres; club short, ovoid, length less than antennomeres 2–7; scape with posterior fringe and apical margin bearing long, dark setae; antennomeres 2–7 with several short, dark setae. Clypeus and frons densely punctate and bearing long, dark setae. Mentum clothed with very long dark setae. Thorax. Pronotum transverse trapezoidal, base trisinuate; basolateral angle acute, not produced; lateral margin concave-linear in basal half becoming arcuate to apex; lateral margin raised, narrow, obsolete along apical and basal margins. Surface with fine, even, dense punctation, infrequently coalesced; bearing long, dark setae, midline glabrous. Scutellum elongate, bearing punctures across base and narrowly along lateral margins, bearing long dark setae; apex acute, broadly impunctate and glabrous medially. Elytron; posthumeral emargination shallow, sinuate revealing margins of abdomen; bicostate (not counting sutural costa), indistinct. Sutural costa distinct with margins linear, punctate, terminating at apex of scutellum, raised along length, tapering apically, non-spinose, bearing few punctures with long dark setae. First costa indistinct, moderately raised; second costa indistinct, traceable by lateral declivity; first interval irregularly punctate to linear punctate and distinctly raised humeral umbone. Distal declivity and lateral area of first costa rugulose, all bearing long, dark setae; epipleural pilosity sparse and continuous to apex. Legs. Profemur subparallel in basal half, slightly attenuate to apex, dorsoventrally flat; ventral surface rugulose bearing very long dark setae. Protibia tridentate; denticles narrow, acute, medial and basal denticles short and closest. Apical spur reaching midlength of tarsomere 2; dorsal surface with several rows of often coalesced punctures; with median and row adjacent to internal margin bearing short, dark setae. Ventral surface with distinctly raised inferior ridge continuous with anterior margin of apical denticle and bearing short pale setae, region adjacent to internal margin with row of coalesced punctures bearing long, dark setae; external region with irregular macropunctures bearing short, dark setae. Protarsomeres 1–4 equal length, protarsomere 5 longest with ventrodistal process, process apex acute; claws symmetric. Mesofemur subparallel, dorsoventrally flat; ventral surface rugulose bearing very long, dark setae. Mesotibia internal margin weakly concave linear, external margin divergent widest at basal third then sinuate to apex. Apex with 2 spines of equal length; interval deeply incurved; 2 longer apical spurs fine, tapering, acute, closely set, surpassing tibial apex and reaching midlength of tarsomere 2; ventral surface with 2 rows of punctures along external margin becoming rugulose basally and finer apically bearing few stout dark setae in basal half; dorsal surface bearing 3 rows of very long, dark setae; internal margin bearing row of very short dark setae. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 equal length; tarsomere 5 longest with few stout bristles on apex of ventral surface of all tarsomeres, tarsomere 5 with ventrodistal process; claws symmetric. Metafemur posterior margin linear, anterior arcuate, widest at midlength, dorsoventrally flat; ventral surface sparsely punctate becoming rugulose along margins bearing long, dark setae. Metatibia internal margin sinuate concave, external margin sinuate convex, apex sinuate; 2 apical spurs, fine, acute, closely set, distinctly surpassing tibial apex; dorsal spur approximately twice length of ventral spur, attaining midlength of second tarsomere; ventral surface rugulose on external half (appearing serrate in lateral view) with sparse, short, dark setae; dorsal surface with 2 rows of long dark setae, adjacent to internal margin bearing row of very short, dark setae. Metatarsomeres 1–4 equal length; tarsomere 5 longest, several long bristles on apicoventral surface of all tarsomeres, tarsomere 5 with short ventrodistal process; claws symmetric. Mesometasternal base broad, projection parallel, basally arcuate apically; mesometasternal process (Fig. 6 E) reaching posterior of procoxa, in lateral view parallel to plane of body and weakly convergent apically narrowing to acute apex prior to apical declivity; surface punctate setose and declivity bearing very long, dark setae. Metasternum densely rugopunctate and moderately clothed in very long, dark setae laterally; medially punctate and setose. Abdomen. Abdominal sternites 2–6 laterally with crescentiform punctures and sparsely setose with long, dark setae; sternite 7 rugulose and with few short setae laterally; medially sternites 2–5 with row of micropunctures and few setae and sternite 6 evenly punctate and setose; sternites 2–6 with broad shallow median impression. Propygidium with very short setae. Pygidium transverse, length:width ratio 1:1.9 concentrically rugulose with sparse microsetae laterally. Genitalia (Fig. 6 A). Parameres approximately 1/3 length of phallobase, parallel at base, sinuate to preapex and arcuate to apex, dorsal cleft ovoid in basal half then attenuate to apex; phallobase with medial longitudinal impression.</p><p>Female (Fig. 2). Length 16 mm, width 8.5 mm. Differs from holotype in the following characters. Slightly stockier. Head: clypeus and frons bearing sparse, dark microsetae. Thorax: pronotum bearing short, dark setae along lateral margins and anterolateral angles, derm bearing microsetae. Scutellum bearing microsetae. Elytron: surfaces bearing sparse, dark microsetae. Legs: protibial denticles broader and longer. Mesotibia with distinct median denticle and smaller premedian denticle. Metafemur setae short on derm of ventral surface. Metatibia external margin subparallel, divergent apically bearing distinct median denticle and small premedial denticle; apex bispinose; external spine truncate with distinct, arcuate incurvature; spurs subparallel, rounded apex with dorsal spur curved. Abdomen: mesometasternal process impunctate and glabrous beyond suture; metasternal and abdominal setae sparser and shorter, stout; abdomen convex medially.</p><p>Variation in paratypes. Males. Length 16.0–18.0 mm, width 8.5–10.0 mm. Specimens from Leyburn, Qld clothed in light red-brown setae. Females. Length 15.0– 18.5 mm, width 8.5–11.0 mm. Specimens from Leyburn, Qld clothed in pale setae and from St. George in light red-brown setae.</p><p>Comments. During our revision we encountered a number of specimens of this new species of Metallesthes in Australian collections amongst series of black Bisallardiana Antoine, 2003, Aphanesthes Kraatz, 1880 and other Metallesthes . This entirely black cetoniine has few distinct characters but its elytral costae and stocky build are immediately apparent when scanning series of similar species. Upon closer inspection the extensive, long, black pilosity and the shallow posthumeral emargination are also useful in separating the species from others. Specimens were first collected in 1950 in southern Queensland. Recently, Golding (2009) figured specimens on page 15 as “ P. [ Pseudoclithria] sp 5” and page 47 as “ Gen 4 sp 1”.</p><p>Two female specimens of Metallesthes anneliesae (mounted on a single card) in the collection of the ANIC carry a paratype label with the text “ Metallesthes / glaber sp. n. / M.E. Bacchus det. 1970 / PARATYPES ” by British entomologist M.E. Bacchus, indicating his intention to describe the species. Similarly, one female specimen in the University of Queensland Insect Collection (now in QM) bears a paratype label also from Bacchus that reads “ Metallesthes / niger n. sp. / M.E. Bacchus det. 1971 / PARATYPE. A literature search failed to find any publication that made either name available. The two ANIC specimens of M. anneliesae seen by Bacchus are heavily worn and consequently, he may not have known that males and females are usually extensively setose dorsally and ventrally.</p><p>The M. anneliesae specimens that we examined were captured in or near eucalypt woodlands and forests of central New South Wales and southeast Queensland west of the Great Dividing Range (Fig. 12). All locations lie within the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) Brigalow Belt South biogeographic region. We assume that the collection locality “Millmerran” on labels of older M. anneliesae specimens (in the ANIC collection) may refer to the town that is closest to the collection locality and the specimens were possibly captured in the area of Dunmore and Western Creek State Forests. Similarly, the locations St. George and Leyburn may refer to towns near the actual collecting locations such as Leyburn State Forest.</p><p>Etymology. We take pleasure in naming the species anneliesae after CHM’s mother Anna Elisabeth (Annelie) Moseneder of Murrieta, California, United States of America. Annelie’s love of nature, her deep respect of all its life forms and consequent support of her son’s exploration in entomology from an early age have indirectly made this study possible.</p><p>Ecology. In recent years, remains of one male and two female adults of this species were found (by CHM) at the entrance of ant nets from which living adults were later collected and which were less than 100 metres from the trees at Dunmore-Western Creek Road and Dunmore-Tara Road junction. All living specimens were netted from flowers of Angophora costata (Gaertner) Hochreutiner ex Britten (Myrtaceae) during periods of sunshine (Fig. 8 E). Dale observed that even though several trees of the same species were flowering in a particular area, specimens seemed to occur only on one specific tree (C. Dale, Bethania, Queensland, Australia). On such trees the species seemed common and several specimens could be netted easily. The reason for this clustering was not determined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/151E87CA6843FFDBFF0FC18CFEF7FE1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moeseneder, Christian H.;Hutchinson, Paul M.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Moeseneder, Christian H., Hutchinson, Paul M., Lambkin, Christine L. (2014): Revision of the genus Metallesthes Kraatz and description of Metallesthes anneliesae, a new species of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.1
151E87CA684FFFDFFF0FC501FDA0FE3E.text	151E87CA684FFFDFFF0FC501FDA0FE3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metallesthes metallescens (White 1859) White 1859	<div><p>Metallesthes metallescens (White, 1859)</p><p>(Figs. 3, 6 B, 6D, 8C, 7A–E, 7G, 7I, 7L–M, 7P)</p><p>Diaphonia metallescens White, 1859: 119 .</p><p>Metallesthes metallescens . — Kraatz 1880: 203; Masters 1886: 85; Schoch 1895: 57; Lea 1914: 188; Schenkling 1921: 192; Matthews 1984: 10; Cassis &amp; Weir 1992: 446; Allard 1995: 139; Calder 2002; Reid &amp; Bulbert 2002; Golding 2009: 36. 166; Krajcik 2012: 159.</p><p>Schizorhina metallescens . — Tepper 1887: 14.</p><p>Material examined (848 specimens). Holotype, male (Fig. 3): AUSTRALIA: Swan River [Perth, W.A.], no date, 5175 [NHML]. Condition: specimen complete and undamaged.</p><p>Other material (392 males and 455 females) AUSTRALIA. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 m. / 1 f., 15 km W of Balladonia, 24.i.1997 [PMH]; 2 m., Bejoording, 21.i.1937 [WAM]; 3 m., E of Boondi Rock, 10.ii.2011 [MIC]; 2 m., Boorabbin N.P., 16.i.2002 [WAM]; 1 m. / 6 f., Boorabin, 25.i.1990 [AM]; 3 m. / 2 f., 1 km W of Boorabbin Rock, 9.i.1985 [WAM]; 3 m. / 4 f., Borden, 28.i.1961 [DAFWA / WAM]; 3 m. / 1 f., Bullabulling, i.1939 [NMV]; 1 f., 37 km N of Bullfinch, 30.i.2000 [PMH]; 1 f., Bulong, 22.i.1968 [WAM]; 1 m. / 2 f., Burngup [WAM]; 1 m., Carrabin, 27.i.1971 [DAFWA]; 1 f., Cheyne Beach [assumed Cheynes Beach], i.1970 [WAM]; 4 m. / 4 f., Coyrecup, 12.ii.1967 [AM]; 7 m. / 2 f., Cranbrook, 2.ii.1954 / 4.ii.1954 [WAM]; 11 m. / 9 f., Cunderdin, no date/ ii.1914 [AM/ QDPC /QM/ SAM]; 100 m. / 169 f., Dedari, ii.1914/ 11-21.i.1936 / 23-25.i.1962 /21-23.i.1966/ 23.i.1968 /28-29.i.1968/ 29.i.1970 / 28.i.1971 / 20.i.1982 / 16.ii.1982 / 25.i.1990 / 16.i.2002 [AH /AM/ ANIC / DAFWA / NHML / SAM / WAM]; 1 f., 52 km W of Dedari, 24.i.1987 [WAM]; 1 m. / 1 f., Doodlakine [WAM]; 1 m., Eradu [NMV]; 2 m., Esperance Bay, 1894 [ANIC]; 5 m. / 5 f., Fitzgerald River N.P., 8.ii.1982 / 8-12.ii.1984 [AH / WAM]; 1 m., 2 km NNE of Fraser Range H.S., 22.i.1975 [ANIC]; 4 m. / 2 f., 10 mi N of Hopetoun, 28.ii.1976 [WAM]; 3 m. / 1 f., Highbury, 6.ii.1965 [WAM]; 1 f., Hopetoun, 1.iii.1971 [DAFWA]; 1 m. / 1 f., 3 km N of Hopetoun, 9.ii.2003 [PMH]; 1 f., Hyden, ii.1985 [AH]; 2 m. / 2 f., East Hyden, 23.i.1970 / 28.i.1970 / 2.ii.1983 [AH, AM, WAM]; 1 m. / 1 f., 25 km S of Hyden, 25.ii.1978 [WAM]; 7 m. / 9 f., 54 km E of Hyden, 28.i.1970 [AM]; 1 m. / 1 f., 90 km E of Hyden, 2.ii.1990 / 12.ii.1990 [MIC]; 2 m., Jerramungup, 24.ii.1979 [AH]; 1 m. / 3 f., Kalannie, 20.i.1976 [WAM]; 2 m. / 1 f., Kalbarri, 10.i.1963 [DAFWA]; 1 m., Kalgoorlie [ANIC]; 1 f., Kellerberrin, 3.ii.1907 [DAFWA]; 1 f., Kodin Is., 1967 [WAM]; 2 m., Kuminin [assumed Kumminin] [AM, SAM]; 2 m. / 3 f., Kundip, no date/ 5.ii.1967 [AH / WAM]; 5 m. / 3 f., Tundip [assumed Kundip], i.1952 [NHML]; 2 f., Lake Cowan, 9.ii.1999, dead on lake [DAFWA]; 14 m. / 6 f., Lake Cronin, 19.ii.1970 / 29.i.1971 / 16.ii.1974 / 19.ii.1977 [DAFWA]; 5 m. / 4 f., Lake Grace, 16.ii.1971 / 2.ii.1976 [AH / DAFWA / QM]; 1 m. / 1 f., Lake Hurlstone nr. Lake King, 3.ii.1992 [PMH]; 9 m. / 5 f., Lake King, 26.i.1968 / 12.ii.1971 / 26.i.1978 / 14.ii.2011, dead on shoreline [AH /AM/ MIC / WAM]; 2 f., Lake King town, 15.ii.2009 [PMH]; 3 f., 16 km W of Lake King, 24.ii.1999 [PMH]; 1 m. / 1 f., 66 km N of Lake King, 26.i.1997 [PMH]; 1 m., Lake Lefroy, ii/ iii.1994 [SAM]; 1 f., Lake Seabrook, 4.ii.2006, dead on lake edge [PMH]; 1 m. / 1 f., Latham, 31.i.1971 [DAFWA]; 3 m. / 5 f., Lefroy River nr. Nyabing, 15.ii.1967 [AM]; 1 m. / 5 f., Marloo Stn. Wurarga, 1931-1941 [ANIC]; 1 m., Merredin, 25.i.1973 [QM]; 2 f., Merriden [assumed Merredin] [DAFWA]; 1 f., Moorine Rock, 21.i.1978 [WAM]; 1 m. / 2 f., Mt. Jackson [WAM]; 3 m. / 4 f., Mt. Gibson Stn., 12.i.2000 / 16.i.2000 / 7.ii.2000 / 9.i.2002 / 14.i.2004, 1 specimen at light [WAM]; 3 m. / 16 f., Mt. Ragged, 17-18.ii.1970 [WAM]; 1 m. / 8 f., Mullewa [AM/ NHML / SAM / WAM]; 1 f., Murchison [DAFWA]; 1 m. / 1 f., Narrogin, no date/February [DAFWA]; 1 m. / 3 f., Newman Rock, 26.ii.1975 [SAM]; 22 m. / 14 f., 40 mi. E of Norseman, 5.iii.1970 [WAM]; 6 m., 161 km E of Norseman, 24.i.1990 [AM]; 1 f., Norseman-Coolgardie Road, 16.ii.1982 [SAM]; 1 m., Northam [AM]; 1 f., Northampton, 1.i.1972 [DAFWA]; 1 m., Nugadong N.R., 7.ii.2011 [MIC]; 1 f., Nulla Nulla [WAM]; 14 m. / 24 f., Nyabing, ii.1946/ 7.iii.1966 / 12-16.ii.1967 / 19.i.1991 [AM/ NHML]; 1 m., Lyabring [assumed Nyabing] [AM]; 12 m. / 12 f., Ongerup, iii.1952/ 3.iii.1952 [WAM]; 1 m., 8 mi E of Ongerup, 11.i.1973 [SAM]; 1 f., 17 km S of Ongerup, 10.iii.1971 [DAFWA]; 4 f., Perth [QM]; 1 m., Piawanning, 22.i.1950 [WAM]; 1 f., Pingaring, 19.ii.1978 [WAM]; 1 m., Pingelly [QM]; 3 m. / 1 f., Pinjarrega Lake N.R., 19.i.1996 [WAM]; 3 m. / 2 f., Ravensthorpe, 3.ii.1977, at light [ANIC]; 14 m. / 12 f., Moir Road, 8 km S of Ravensthorpe, 13.ii.2011 / 15.ii.2011 [MIC]; 1 f., S.E. Kondinin [WAM]; 1 m., Salmon Gums [WAM]; 1 m., Salt River [AM]; 1 f., Salt River Road, Sterling Ranges, 21.ii.2008 [PMH]; 7 m., Southern Cross, 24.i.1958 [WAM]; 1 m. / 1 f., SW of McDermid Rock, 10.ii.1981 [WAM]; 3 m. / 1 f., Swan River [DAFWA / NHML]; 27 m. / 16 f., Tarin Rock, 11-12.ii.2008 [MIC / PMH]; 3 m., Wanneroo [WAM]; 1 m., Watermans Bay nr. Perth, 10.i.1965 [NHML]; 2 m. / 1 f., Widgiemooltha, 24.i.1968 [WAM]; 1 f., Wongan Hills, 1917 [WAM]; 5 m. / 9 f., Woorgabup Hill nr. Nyabing, 21.ii.1967 / 21.ii.1976 [AM]; 1 m., 10 km S of Wubin, 30.i.1996 [PMH]; 1 f., 30 km NNE of Wubin, 19.i.1996 [PMH]; 1 f., 60 km N of Wubin, 22.i.2010 [MIC]; 2 f., Wurarga, i.1939 [ANIC]; 5 m. / 5 f., Yellowdine, 21.i.1962 / 16.i.1980 [AM/ WAM]; 6 m. / 4 f., Lake Cronin Road, Yellowdine, 30.i.1990 [AM]; 1 m., 5.5 km S of Yellowdine, 30.i.2001 [PMH]; 3 m., 20 km S of Yellowdine, 29.i.1999 [DAFWA / WAM]; 1 f., 50 km E of crossroads Southern Cross, Hyden, Norseman Road, 19.i.1991 [AM]; 1 f., Zanthus, i.1928 [ANIC]; 1 f., i.1948 [ANIC]; 1 m., 26.iii.91 [SAM]; 1 m. / 7 f., [DAFWA / NHML / NMV /QM/ WAM]. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 2 m. [AM]. NEW SOUTH WALES: 1 m. / 1 f. [WAM]. QUEENSLAND: 1 f., Archer River, 30.xii.1983 [AIF]. WITHOUT INFORMATION: 7 m. / 10 f. [AH /AM/ NHML / NMV /QM/ SAM].</p><p>Diagnosis. Males with asymmetric proclaws (Fig. 7 I), mesotibia and metatibia dorsal surface with row of peglike cilia (Fig. 7 E), phallobase with sclerotised ventral surface, saddle-shaped area (Figs 6 B, 7G). Females with setose pygidium and apex of elytra (Fig. 7 M). Coarse pronotal and elytral punctation in both sexes. Other characters, developed to a greater or lesser degree: metallic reflections, usually green, on elytra and legs; apical denticle on protibia wider in female; mesometasternal process ventrally divergent from body. Generally, M. metallescens with metallic shiny dark purple and bronze base colour, more or less green. Male M. metallescens often lighter, shinier, bronze/green. Female M. metallescens usually less shiny, dark purple. Differences compared to M. unicolor: males with asymmetric proclaws; mesotibia and metatibia dorsal surface with row of peg-like cilia. Females with pygidium and apex of elytra setose. Similarities with M. unicolor: Size, clypeal apex elongate and notched (Fig. 7 P), coarse pronotal and elytral punctation, laterally expanded mesometasternal process. Some female M. metallescens and M. unicolor can be very similar. Differences compared to M. anneliesae: larger; clypeus more elongate, quadrate in M. anneliesae; posthumeral emargination not clearly and broadly exposing abdominal sternites laterally and apically (Fig. 7 L); less pronounced costae; pygidium setose, glabrous in M. anneliesae . Metallesthes anneliesae with black lacquer sheen base.</p><p>Redescription. Holotype. Male (Figs 3, 6 B). Length 20.0 mm, width 11.4 mm. Dark violet, all surfaces with brassy metallic reflections. Head. Clypeus longer than wide; clypeolateral ridge apically narrowed, raised steeply basally; linear in apical half, lateral declivity distinct in dorsal view, widest at midlength; apical lobes broadly rounded with a distinct, deep anteromedian emargination. Antenna with ten antennomeres. Club with 3 antennomeres, short, ovoid, approximately same length as antennomeres 2–7. Scape with posterior fringe and apical cincta of long, pale setae; antennomeres 2–7 with several pale setae; clypeus and frons coarsely punctate often coalesced and bearing long fine setae proximally. Mentum clothed with very long, golden setae. Thorax. Pronotum transverse trapezoidal, base trisinuate, baso-lateral angle acute, not produced, lateral margin slightly concave-linear in basal half becoming arcuate to apex; lateral margin sharply raised, narrow on lateral portions of apical margin, obsolete across middle and basal margin. Surface evenly coarsely punctate, often coalesced, each puncture bearing a long pale seta, midline impunctate. Scutellum slightly elongate, apex acute, bearing coarse punctures except in impunctate apical midline, each with a long pale seta. Elytron; posthumeral emargination shallow sinuate, exposing metacoxa and small part of each abdominal sternite; bicostate (not counting sutural costa), indistinct. Sutural costa indistinct without distinct margins, terminating pre-apically of scutellum, raised in apical 3/4, tapering apically, non-spinose, bearing macropunctures often coalesced. First costa indistinct, barely raised; second costa indistinct, slightly raised; both traversing from between humeral umbone and scutellum to apical umbone. Costal intervals irregularly, coarsely punctate, often coalesced becoming finer on humeral umbone, with distal declivity and lateral declivity becoming rugulose; all punctures bearing long, pale setae; epipleural pilosity continuous to apex. Legs. Profemur dorsoventrally flat; ventral surface bearing very long, pale setae.</p><p>Protibia tridentate; denticles narrow, acute with medial and basal denticles slightly closer. Apical spur almost reaching apex of protarsomere 2; dorsal surface with several rows of punctures, each bearing pale setae. Ventral surface with distinctly raised inferior ridge, sharp apically, continuous with anterior margin of apical denticle and bearing short, pale setae along basal half; region adjacent to internal margin bearing row of pale setae; external region with rows of coalesced macropunctures bearing short, pale setae. Protarsomeres short, stout; tarsomeres1–4 equal length, tarsomere 5 longer, wider with blunt, parallel-sided ventrodistal process; proximal edge broadly rounded. Claws distinctly asymmetric, external claw approximately 3/4 length of internal claw, abbreviated in apical half. Mesofemur subparallel, dorsoventrally flat; ventral surface rugulose bearing long, pale setae; external margin bearing very long, pale setae. Mesotibia internal margin abruptly slightly divergent from midlength; external margin divergent to basal third with 1 denticle and serrated edge, narrowing to apical third, then slightly divergent to apex; ventral surface rugulose except along internal margin, appearing serrate in lateral view, with sparse, short pale setae medially; dorsal surface along external margin bearing several rows of long pale setae, adjacent to internal margin bearing 2 rows of very short, peg-like cilia; apex with 2 spines of equal length, interval deeply incurved; 2 apical spurs, fine, tapering, acute, closely set, surpassing tibial apex, dorsal spur longer; ventral surface with several rows of punctures particularly along base of external margin becoming finer apically and bearing few short, pale setae in basal half; dorsal surface bearing several rows of long, pale setae; internal margin bearing 2 rows of setae, becoming shorter apically. Mesotarsi not elongate; tarsomeres 1–4 equal length; tarsomere 5 longest with 2 stout bristles on apex of ventral surface of tarsomeres 2–5; tarsomere 5 with blunt, parallel-sided ventrodistal process, proximal edge broadly rounded, 3 increasingly large bristles basally to process. Claws asymmetric with internal claw approximately 4/5 length of external claw. Metafemur divergent apically; posterior margin slightly curved; anterior margin strongly convex, dorsoventrally flat; ventral surface with punctures, becoming rugulose near internal margin. Metatibia somewhat compressed, internal margin sinuate, convex basally and concave apically; external margin linear with indistinct medial and premedial denticles; apex obliquely linear; 2 apical spurs fine, acute, closely set, distinctly surpassing tibial apex; dorsal spur approximately twice length of ventral spur, attaining apex of tarsomere 2; ventral spur curved. Metatarsi slightly elongate; tarsomeres 2–4 equal length; tarsomere 1 shorter, tarsomere 5 longest; several long bristles on apicoventral surface of tarsomeres 2–5; tarsomere 5 with blunt, parallel-sided ventrodistal process, proximal edge broadly rounded, several bristles basally to process. Claws almost symmetric, internal claw slightly shorter. Mesometasternum base broad, projection moderately laterally divergent; apex produced medially; mesometasternal process reaching posterior of procoxae, in lateral view divergent and apical angulate prior to apical declivity; surface impunctate and glabrous, declivity bearing moderately dense long pale setae. Metasternum densely rugulose and moderately clothed in very long, pale setae; micropunctate and glabrous medially. Mesometasternal process (Fig. 6 D), metasternum and abdominal sternites jointly forming concave ventral area. Abdomen. Abdominal sternites 2–6 with broad, shallow median impression; surface micropuncatate, glabrous; laterally with dense punctures becoming denser laterally and with setae becoming denser and longer laterally. Propygidium clothed in long, pale setae. Pygidium transverse, length:width ratio 1:1.8, rugulose around 2 close centres; entirely clothed in long, pale setae. Genitalia (Fig. 6 B). Not dissected on type, therefore redescription based on NHML specimen from Kundip, W.A., I 1952, “comp. with type ” remark by M.E. Bacchus. Parameres with ratio to phallobase approximately 1:2.5, wide and parallel at base due to lateral projection, concave arcuate to preapex then attenuate to apex; small area in apical corners less sclerotised, lighter; dorsal cleft narrow, parallel in basal 2/3 then attenuate to apex; medial third of ventral surface of phallobase sclerotised, saddle form; phallobase dorsal surface with medial longitudinal impression in apical 2/3. Female. Based on specimen 60998-043, Ravensthorpe, W.A., 13.ii.2011 [MIC]. Length 21.5 mm, width 12.1 mm. Differs from the holotype in the following characters. Broader thorax; pronotum, basolateral angles forming right angles. Legs: All claws symmetric. Protibial denticles, especially foredenticle, longer and broader. Mesotibial denticles larger, broader, peg-like cilia on dorsal surface absent. Metatibia not compressed, external margin bearing 1or 2 distinct denticles, apex bispinose with interval broad and sinuate; 2 apical spurs broad, parallel with round apices; ventral surface rugulose along external margin, medially micropunctate; peg-like cilia absent. Tarsomeres 1–4 equal length. Abdomen; sternite 6 broader and setose across middle in apical half. Sternites convex. Pygidium narrowed apically forming v-shape. Setae shorter.</p><p>Variation in specimens. Males. Length 18.5–20.5 mm, width 9.5–10.5 mm. Females. Length 15.0– 22.5 mm, width: 8.5–13.0 mm.</p><p>Ecology. Metallesthes metallescens adults are found feeding on the flowers of a variety of bushes and trees (Figures 7 A–C, Table 5). All specimens observed or collected by the authors (10% of material examined) were on flowers. In 17 years of recorded observations in Western Australia, PMH never saw M. metallescens in flight, although adults fly readily when netted. This may indicate that adults arrive on flowers early in the day.</p><p>Lea (1924) wrote that adult M. metallescens were observed on flowers of Xanthorrhoea (Xanthorrhoeaceae) at Barossa, S.A. in December. While the species that he observed is probably not M. metallescens due to the location, he may have been referring to M. unicolor, especially since Lea considered M. unicolor to be a variety of M. metallescens . It is also possible that this was an observation of Micropoecila cincta because that species emerges earlier and is known to breed in decaying stems and trunks of Xanthorrhoea . A series of five Micropoecila cincta Kraatz, 1880 specimens in the collection of the AM (identified by CHM) are almost black in colour and that might account for confusion between the two species if the black form was observed at Barossa.</p><p>Three males and two females in the ANIC collection carry labels that state they were collected at light at Ravensthorpe, W.A., which is remarkable since Australian cetoniines have rarely been collected at light. PMH has encountered only one cetoniine species (not Metallesthes) at light in 30 years of collecting in Western Australia. A male M. metallescens specimen in ANIC bears a label indicating it was prey of a male Phellus piliferus Dakin &amp; Fordham, 1922 ( Diptera: Asilidae), a rarely collected robber fly of 45 mm in body length (Dakin &amp; Fordham, 1922).</p><p>At Comet Vale (28.2 km S of Menzies, W.A.) PMH and CHM found remnants of adult M. metallescens in the root stock of a mallee tuber (multi-stem Eucalyptus [ Myrtaceae]) (Fig. 8 D) along with remnants of adults and living larvae of Dilochrosis walteri Lea, 1914 and Chlorobapta goerlingi Schürhoff, 1942 . Larvae of the latter species were reared to adults. Approximately 28 km NNE of Bullfinch, W.A. we found remnants of an adult M. metallescens in the base of a large, single-stemmed eucalypt, which was exposed and decaying. It is possible that M. metallescens females enter and burrow into rotting eucalypts and lay eggs in the root stock that provides developing larvae with sufficient food.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/151E87CA684FFFDFFF0FC501FDA0FE3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moeseneder, Christian H.;Hutchinson, Paul M.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Moeseneder, Christian H., Hutchinson, Paul M., Lambkin, Christine L. (2014): Revision of the genus Metallesthes Kraatz and description of Metallesthes anneliesae, a new species of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.1
151E87CA684BFFC2FF0FC565FCE7FD6B.text	151E87CA684BFFC2FF0FC565FCE7FD6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metallesthes unicolor (Macleay 1863) Macleay 1863	<div><p>Metallesthes unicolor (Macleay, 1863) revised status</p><p>(Figs 4, 6 C–D, 7A–D, 7F, 7H, 7J, 7L, 7N, 7P)</p><p>Schizorhina unicolor Macleay, 1863: 15 .</p><p>Metallesthes (Schizorhina) unicolor . — Kraatz 1880: 203.</p><p>Metallesthes unicolor . — Masters 1886: 85; Allard 1995: 139; Calder 2002; Golding 2009: 36; Krajcik 2012: 159.</p><p>Material examined (197 specimens). Holotype, female (Fig. 4): AUSTRALIA: King George Sound [Albany], W.A., ANIC 25 0 62403 [ANIC]. Condition: Fair; right antennal club antennomeres 9 and 10 partially missing; all tarsomeres and claws missing on left proleg except tarsomere 1; metatarsomeres 4 and 5 and claws missing on right mesoleg, apical spurs on both protibia missing.</p><p>Other material (58 males and 138 females) AUSTRALIA. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: 4 f., Adelaide, [NHML]; 1 m. / 1 f., Albert Hill, i.1921, P.W. Mellor [SAM]; 3 m., Albert Hill, i.1923, P.W. Mellor [SAM]; 1 m., Albert Hill, xii.1926, P.W. Mellor [SAM]; 1 m. / 1 f., Cleve, ii.73 [SAM]; 2 m., Darke Peak, P.G. Dolling [SAM]; 1 f., Edithburg, 4.ii.91 [SAM]; 1 f., Ferries McDonald C.P., i.1970, P. McQuillan [SAM]; 1 f., Ferries McDonald C.P., 26.i.1978, E.G. Matthews [SAM]; 1 f., Gawler, 28.i.86 [SAM]; 1 m., Gawler [NHML]; 1 m. / 1 f., Goolwa, 28.i.1886, A. King [ANIC]; 1 f., Hartley, 9.iii.1948, D.C.S., 0 37627 [WINC]; 10 f., Hartley, 18.ii.1950, D.C.S., 0 37617, 0 37618, 0 37619, 0 37620, 0 37621, 0 37622, 0 37623, 0 37624, 0 37625, 0 37626 [WINC]; 1 f., Kimba, 11.i.1981, M. Powell [WAM]; 1 f., Lyndoch [SAM]; 1 f., Moonta Bay, 21.i.1984, C. van Dyke, CET 0629 [PMH]; 1 f., Moonta Bay, 14.ii.1984, C. van Dyke, CET 0602 [PMH]; 1 m. / 1 f., Moorkitabie, 15.ii.1989, K. Turner [SAM]; 1 f., Murray River, H.S. Cope [NHML]; 2 m., Overland Railway, 24 miles W of Kychering Soak, M. Chandler, COL 54651 [NMV], K299067 [AM]; 2 m., Overland Railway, xi-xii.1908, M. Chandler, COL 54656, COL 54657 [NMV]; 1 m., Overland railway, 24 miles W of Kychering Soak, 12.viii. -23.iii.1909, M. Chandler, 1971-567 [NHML]; 1 m., Patessa [location not found], R.J. Burton [SAM]; 1 m., Pinnaroo, 1.v.05, E.A. Fling [SAM]; 1 m., Reevesby Island, i.1985, S. Parker [SAM]; 1 f., Reevesby Island, 5.ii.1992, D. Armstrong [SAM]; 1 f., Schlapes Gully, Adelaide, COL 54665 [NMV]; 1 f., Scrubby Peak Lake, Eyre Peninsula, 4.i.2009, P. Hudson, dead on lake [SAM]; 3 f., Scrubby Peak Lake, Eyre Peninsula, 26-29.vii.2009, P. Hudson, dead on lake [SAM]; 2 f., Scrubby Peak Station, 21.x.2006, W.H.C. Moonaree [SAM]; 1 f., Yorke Peninsula, Jung, COL 54639 [NMV]; 2 f., Yorketown [SAM]; 4 f., K299058 [AM], COL 54645 [NMV], 69804, 69810 [QM]; 3 m., 1971-567 [NHML]; 1 m. [ANIC]; 2 m. / 3 f. [SAM]. VICTORIA: 3 f., 21 km S of Bambill, ii.2004, S. Cowan &amp; M. Moulds, K358840, K358843, K358844 [AM]; 2 f., S of 9 m square, Big Desert, 26.i.1971, G.W. Anderson [ANIC]; 2 m. / 10 f., Big Desert, 2.ii.1990, A. Sundholm &amp; J. Bugeja, K299176, K299178, K299164, K299167, K299168, K299169, K299170, K299171, K299173, K299174, K299175, K299177 [AM]; 6 f., Kiata, R. Oldfield, 69803, 69811 [QM], 0 37628, 0 37629, 0 37630, 0 37631 [WINC]; 1 f., Kialla [assumed Kiata], iii.1917, R. Oldfield [QM]; 1 f., Kialla [assumed Kiata], i.1918, R. Oldfield [QM]; 2 f., Kiata, 2.ii.1919, R. Oldfield, COL 54640, COL 54653 [NMV]; 1 f., Kiata, 20.ii.1919, R. Oldfield, COL 54660 [NMV]; 2 m., Kiata, 20.xii.1959, G.R. Forbes [QM]; 1 m., Kiata, 13.i.1966, P.G. Kelly, COL 54662 [NMV]; 1 m. / 1 f., Kiata, 7.ii.1970, S. Beattie, COL 54663, COL 54664 [NMV]; 2 m., Up Knowing Track, Kulkyne N. P., 15.i.1999, J.&amp; A. Skevington [QM]; 1 f., Mallee District, COL 54643 [NMV]; 1 f., Mallee District, C. French, COL 54647 [NMV]; 1 f., Mallee District, xi.1906, C.F. Junior, COL 54642 [NMV]; 2 f., Winiam, iii.1917, R. Oldfield, COL 54641 [NMV] [ANIC]; 1 f., COL 54659 [NMV]; 1 m. / 5 f. [NHML]. NEW SOUTH WALES: 2 f., Eubalong West, 18.i.1995, CET 0595, CET 0597 [PMH]; 3 m. / 7 f., Eubalong West, i.1996, CET 2014, CET 2015, CET 2016, CET 2017, CET 2018, CET 2019, CET 2020, CET 2021, CET 2022, CET 2023 [PMH]; 1 f., Eubalong West, 18.i.1996, CET 0626 [PMH]; 4 m. / 1 f., Eubalong, 18.i.1996, CET 0593, CET 0594, CET 0596, CET 0598, CET 0625 [PMH]; 1 m. / 3 f., 8 km W of Eubalong, 27.i.2000, CET 0589, CET 0590, CET 0591, CET 0592 [PMH]; 1 m., Round Hill Reserve, 23.i.1995, R. Mayo [DAFWA]; 1 m. / 8 f., Round Hill District [ambiguous], 25.i.1990, A. Sundholm &amp; J. Bugeja, K358853, K358826, K358827, K358828, K358830, K358829, K358831, K358832, K358833 [AM]; 1 m. / 1 f., Round Hill, 23.i.2000, R. Mayo, CET 0627, CET 0628 [PMH]; 2 f., Roto, 9.i.1995, 60897-001, 60897-002 [MIC]. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: 1 m. / 3 f., COL 54654, COL 54646, COL 54648, COL 54655 [NMV]. QUEENSLAND: 1 f. [NHML]. WITHOUT LOCATION: 1 f., Yandilla [ambiguous], F.A. Gore [QM]; 1 f., [location illegible], 0-046045 [QDPC]; 1 m., 30.i.09 [SAM]; 1 m., R. Patterson, CET 0601 [PMH]; 2 m. / 3 f., COL 54658, COL 54661, COL 54644, COL 54650, COL 54666 [NMV]; 3 m. / 19 f. [NHML]; 2 m. [QM]; 1 m. / 1 f. [SAM]; 2 m. [WAM].</p><p>Diagnosis. Coarse pronotal and elytral punctation; unicoloured black base; mesometasternal process slightly divergent from body. Males without sclerotised area on phallobase (Figs 6 C, 7H). Differences compared to M. metallescens: less setose; for remarks on colour see diagnosis of M. metallescens . Males with symmetric proclaws (Fig. 7 J); females with pygidial pilosity restricted to basolateral regions and apex of elytra without pilosity or only with few setae (Fig. 7 N). Similarities with M. metallescens: approximately same size. Differences compared to M. anneliesae: Larger; posthumeral emargination not clearly and broadly exposing abdominal sternites laterally and apically (Fig. 7 L); less pronounced costae; clypeal shape slightly attenuate and slightly elongate (Fig. 7 P), in M. anneliesae quadrate.</p><p>Redescription. Holotype. Female (Fig. 4). Length 19.7 mm, width 11.2 mm. Shiny black with very dark purple sheen, without metallic reflections. Head. Clypeus length:width ratio approximately 1.5:1; clypeolateral ridge linear attenuate to apex, moderately raised; lateral declivity distinct in dorsal view, widest at midlength; apical lobes acute, arcuate and with a distinct deep anteromedian emargination. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club with 3 antennomeres. Club short, ovoid, length approximately same length as antennomeres 2–7; scape with posterior fringe and apical cincta of long, light red-brown setae; antennomeres 2–7 with several short, light redbrown setae. Clypeus and frons coarsely punctate often coalesced. Mentum with very long, light red-brown setae. Maxilla heavily setose. Thorax. Pronotum transverse trapezoidal, base trisinuate; basolateral angle acute, not produced; lateral margin sinuate concave-linear in basal half, narrowing to apex; lateral margin raised, narrow and indistinct on lateral portions of apical margin, obsolete across middle and basal margin. Surface evenly, coarsely punctate, often coalesced, each puncture bearing a short seta; midline impunctate in basal half and at apex. Scutellum slightly elongate, apex acute; bearing coarse punctures, sparse, long, light red-brown setae; midline impunctate. Elytron. Posthumeral emargination distinctly sinuate, exposing metacoxa; indistinctly bicostate (not counting sutural costa); sutural costa traceable to scutellum, edged with row of punctures in basal half, raised in apical half, tapering apically, non-spinose, bearing some elongate punctures, each bearing a long, light red-brown setae. First costae barely discernible, present only as glabrous, slightly raised impunctate interval; second costa barely discernible, slightly raised, undulating, traversing from humeral to apical umbones. Costal intervals coarsely irregularly punctate, often coalesced and in rows, becoming finer and denser in area of second costa, distal declivity and lateral declivity; punctures bearing long, light red-brown setae; area between suture and apical umbone with very few, short setae, distal declivity glabrous. Legs. Profemur expanded in basal half, dorsoventrally flat; ventral surface with punctures, bearing long, light red-brown setae. Protibia tridentate, basal interval smaller, apical denticle shortened due to wear; dorsal surface with several rows of punctures, rows closer to internal margin bearing short, pale setae. Ventral surface with distinctly raised inferior ridge, sharp apically, continuous with anterior margin of apical denticle; region adjacent to internal margin with row of coalesced punctures bearing few pale setae, external region rugulose and glabrous. Protarsomeres short, stout; tarsomeres 1–4 equal length; tarsomere 5 longer with sharp, convergent ventrodistal process; claws symmetric. Mesofemur subparallel, dorsoventrally flat; ventral surface with scattered punctures bearing long, pale setae. Mesotibia internal margin weakly concave-linear; external margin divergent, widest in basal third with 2 denticles then narrowed abruptly and parallel to apex, then divergent. Apex with 2 spines of equal length; interval deeply incurved; 2 longer apical spurs, moderately broad, with blunt apex, closely set, surpassing tibial apex and reaching midlength of tarsomere 2; ventral spur shorter; ventral surface with scattered micropunctures; dorsal surface bearing a row of very long, pale setae. Mesotarsi short, stout; tarsomeres 1–4 equal length; tarsomere 5 longest with few, stout bristles on apex of ventral surface of tarsomeres 2–5; tarsomere 5 with sharp, convergent ventrodistal process; claws symmetric. Metafemur posterior margin linear; anterior margin convex, widest medially, dorsoventrally flat, scattered punctures; a row of punctures adjacent to internal margin with scattered long, pale setae. Metatibia not compressed; internal margin sinuate towards apex; external margin linear, apically strongly divergent; a large denticle ending in transverse ridge at midlength; apically ending in a large spine on internal margin and broad truncate spine on external margin; 2 apical spurs, broad with rounded apex, closely set, surpassing tibial apex; dorsally slightly longer than ventral spur, curved, attaining midlength of tarsomere 3; ventral surface with a row of large punctures; dorsal surface medially and along external margin a row of long pale setae, internal margin with scattered setae. Metatarsi not elongate; tarsomeres 1–4 equal length; tarsomere 5 longest; several long bristles on apicoventral surface of tarsomeres 2–5; tarsomere 5 with sharp, convergent ventrodistal process, several bristles basally to projection; claws symmetric. Mesometasternum base broad, projection slightly laterally divergent; apex evenly arcuate, slightly produced medially; mesometasternal process reaching posterior of procoxae, in lateral view in same plane as metasternum, apically truncate prior to apical declivity; surface with few punctures bearing setae laterally; declivity bearing moderately dense, long, pale setae. Metasternum densely rugopunctate; clothed in long, pale setae laterally; denser laterally and basally, glabrous medially with micropunctures. Abdomen. Abdominal sternites 2–6 convex, broad median area glabrous and with few punctures; laterally more densely punctate and setose with long, pale setae; sternite 6 in entire apical half densely punctate and setose; sternite 7 with broad anteromedian depression, punctate except for narrow margin in basomedian area, less setose. Propygidium with some pale setae. Pygidium broadly depressed laterally, transverse; length:width ratio 1:1.7; concentrically rugulose around 2 points; glabrous except in small basolateral area that bears few, short, thin, pale setae. Male. Based on 9 specimens in the NHML collection. Length 14.5–19.9 mm, width 8.0– 11.4 mm. Differs from holotype in the following characters. Slightly smaller, narrower. Dorsally more setose, especially on pronotum. Pronotum less rounded. Area between suture and apical umbone and distal declivity bearing medium-length, pale setae. Legs: protibial denticles longer, thinner, sharper; intervals equal. Mesotibial external margin appearing serrate. Metatibia somewhat compressed, external margin with 1 or 2 small denticles, apex obliquely linear; 2 apical spurs, fine, acute, closely set, distinctly surpassing tibial apex; dorsal spur longer that ventral spur, attaining apex of tarsomere 2; dorsal surface medially punctate and with row of setae. Tarsomeres 1–4 equal length. Mesometasternal process somewhat divergent from body in lateral view. Abdomen: sternites 2–6 with broad, shallow, median impression; glabrous area narrower, sternite 7 anteromedian depression wider. Pygidium with long pilosity in basal half and short pilosity or glabrous in apical half; lateral depression less pronounced. Genitalia (Fig. 6 C); parameres with ratio to phallobase approximately 1:2.5, with small basolateral projection; linear convergent from base to apical third, then slightly divergent, broadly arcuate to apex; area in apical corners less sclerotised, lighter; dorsal cleft narrow, parallel in basal 2/3 then attenuate to apex; phallobase (dorsal surface in situ) with medial, longitudinal impression.</p><p>Variation in specimens. Males. Length 15.1–20.0 mm, width 8.0– 11.8 mm. Females. Length 17.4–20.8 mm, width: 10.0– 11.5 mm.</p><p>Comments. Lea’s (1914) synonymy of M. unicolor with M. metallescens has been generally accepted (Schenkling 1921, Calder 2002, Reid &amp; Bulbert 2002). While several other authors continued to list M. unicolor as a separate species (Matthews 1984, Allard 1995, Calder 2002, Golding 2009, Krajcik 2012), none formally raised M. unicolor from synonymy. Matthews (1984) wrote that M.E. Bacchus (NHML), in personal communication with him, considered M. unicolor to be a separate species and not synonymous with M. metallescens, but did not provide any other information.</p><p>Ecology. Tepper (1887) provided information on larvae and adults for the species he identified as M. metallescens but that is possibly M. unicolor since he specifically mentions the location Lyndoch, S.A., and Tepper usually studied South Australian beetles. He wrote that the larvae live in the base and roots of large, aged eucalypts, notably Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt. Hence, the larval development of this species might take place in the same location in similar plants as that observed of M. metallescens . Tepper also noted adults feed on the flowers of Styphelia cordifolia (Lindley) Mueller in large numbers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/151E87CA684BFFC2FF0FC565FCE7FD6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moeseneder, Christian H.;Hutchinson, Paul M.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Moeseneder, Christian H., Hutchinson, Paul M., Lambkin, Christine L. (2014): Revision of the genus Metallesthes Kraatz and description of Metallesthes anneliesae, a new species of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.1
151E87CA6856FFC9FF0FC58AFD0EFD8E.text	151E87CA6856FFC9FF0FC58AFD0EFD8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metallesthes subpilosa Nonfried 1891	<div><p>Metallesthes subpilosa Nonfried, 1891</p><p>When Nonfried (1891) described M. subpilosa (Fig. 5) he provided German and Latin descriptions of the species. Some of the characters described, however, differ between the two texts; in particular the descriptions of colours are often contradictory. We provide here a translation of the German text (by CHM) with those cases where the Latin differs in square brackets.</p><p>“Elongate, convex, black-green [brown] with bronze [metallic] reflections; ventrally shiny copper [brownblack], sparsely pilose. Entirely different from Metall. metallescens White due to its elongate form and different sculpture. Clypeus quadrate, subparallel, feebly indented, lateral margins steeply elevated, roughly punctured, black. Antenna brown. Thorax round, strongly convex, deeply incised before scutellum, with rounded lateral corners, densely granulate, shiny black-green [with copper reflexes]. Scutellum with same colour, shiny, [triangular, acute,] rough shallow punctured, with very smooth, shiny, calous midline. Humeral umbones not raised, shiny. Elytra parallel, strongly convex, with elevated, smooth suture and costae, intervals densely punctured [rugulose], [saturated brown metallic,] with long red-brown pilosity. Pygidium, dashed, [bronze, smooth] without pilosity. Ventrally green with copper reflexes [metallic brown, punctate,] sparse brown [red] pilosity. Metasternum and coxae dashed. [Legs slender, black, sparsely punctate.] Tibiae roughly punctured, dark black-brown, with row of setae. Protibiae tridentate, mesotibiae bidentate, metatibiae with single, large, blunt denticle. Length 14 mm. Origin: Queensland, New Guinea.”</p><p>Nonfried’s (1891) description of M. subpilosa is of a beetle unlike any other Metallesthes species. The author himself writes that it is “Entirely different from Metall. metallescens due to its elongated form and different sculpture”.</p><p>Metallesthes subpilosa was listed in all major works that dealt with Australian cetoniines (Lea 1914, Schenkling 1921, Cassis &amp; Weir 1992, Allard 1995, Calder 2002, Krajcik 2012). Allard (1995) illustrated and described a cetoniine that he considered to be M. subpilosa . None of the few characters he provided agree with Nonfried’s original description and only a dorsal view with obscured legs was included. The illustrated specimen (Allard 1995: plate 17, fig. 12) appears to be a specimen of M. unicolor . Since this specimen cannot be located, and no label data or deposition was provided, we cannot verify the information.</p><p>Type specimens of Metallesthes subpilosa . According to Horn et al. (1990) the cetoniines in Nonfried’s collection were passed on to Julius Moser and from him to the Zoological Museum Berlin (ZMB, now MNHUB) in 1926. We contacted the MNHUB with a request concerning type material of Nonfried’s M. subpilosa . Joachim Willers at the MNHUB confirmed that Nonfried’s cetoniines should reside in their collection and conducted several unsuccessful searches between 2011 and 2014. In 2014 we re-examined the description of Metallesthes subpilosa and found it to be very similar with Pseudoclithira ruficornis . We sent a new request to the MNHUB and received images of two specimens from the Nonfried collection, which we believe were seen by Nonfried and which we consider to constitute the type series of M. subpilosa .</p><p>FIGURES 9–10. 9—Totals (n) and proportions of collected specimens per sex (P m, P f) of Metallesthes species. 10—Seasonal occurrence of Metallesthes species. Males—black bars, females—white bars, unsexed—grey bars. Specimens collected or observed (variable vertical scale) per month (horizontal scale) per species and sex.</p><p>One female specimen (Fig. 5) bears labels with the text “ Metallesthes hirsuta Nfr Type / Pseudoclithria ruficornis (Westw) [female symbol] M.E. Bacchus det. 1969 / Coll. Nonfried. Australia.” and displays all the characters in Nonfried’s description of M. subpilosa . We herewith designate this specimen as lectotype of Metallesthes subpilosa Nonfried, 1891 and attached a label with the text “ LECTOTYPE / Metallesthes / subpilosa / Nonfried, 1891 / labelled by MNHUB 2014” to it. The condition of this specimen is fair; tarsomeres 2–5 and claws are missing on both prolegs, claws are missing on the left metaleg and one claw is missing on the right metaleg.</p><p>A second specimen exists in the collection of the MNHUB that may have been seen by Nonfried. It is a male and carries two labels with the text “Nonfried 89 ex Australia septentr. / Pseudoclithria [male symbol] ruficornis (Westw) M.E. Bacchus det. 1969”. While there is no evidence that Nonfried considered it to also be “ Metallesthes hirsuta ” it is clear that he was aware of the specimen at least one year before he described the taxon. Therefore, we consider this specimen to be a paralectotype. The condition of this specimen is fair; tarsomeres 3–5 and claws are missing on the right mesoleg and the right metaleg and tarsomere 2–5 and claws are missing on the left metaleg.</p><p>We designate the lectotype of M. subpilosa in accordance with International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature’s Recommendation 74G which stipulates that designation of lectotypes are to be done in revisionary taxonomic work to enhance the stability of nomenclature. While the name “ hirsuta ” on the possible type specimen and the published name of the species, “ subpilosa ”, are not the same, we consider that they refer to the same taxon because 1) the specimens match the description of M. subpilosa and no other known Australian cetoniines or Papua New Guinea cetoniine genera 2) Nonfried assigned the assumed type specimen to the genus Metallesthes, 3) Nonfried described M. subpilosa as being entirely different than any other Metallesthes and that applies to the two specimens, 4) he did not publish any other papers on the genus, 5) the specimens were located in Nonfried’s collection, where they were expected, 6) both names refer to pilosity, 7) the paralectotype’s location “ex Australia septentr[ional]” indicates that it was found in northern Australia which is consistent with the distribution of M.</p><p>subpilosa which Nonfried notes as Queensland and New Guinea, and 8) it not uncommon for an author to consider several names for an undescribed species.</p><p>Synonymy of Metallesthes subpilosa . Nonfried’s inclusion of Metallesthes subpilosa in the genus Metallesthes was doubtful (Nonfried 1891). Lea (1914) also held doubts about M. subpilosa and noted that “The description of this species reads as if founded upon an insect similar to nigrans and hirticeps, and so possibly it should be transferred to Pseudoclithria .” After inspecting specimens of P. ruficornis in the collections AM, PMH, QM, SAM, and MNHUB we determined that the female specimen bearing a Nonfried type label found in the collection of the MNHUB designated herein as the lectotype of Metallesthes subpilosa Nonfried, 1891 and the M. subpilosa paralectotype specimen were both Pseudoclithria ruficornis Westwood, 1874, and therefore we herein synonymise M. subpilosa with P. ruficornis . While M. subpilosa was described from Queensland and New Guinea, Pseudoclithria ruficornis is known to occur in Western Australia, South Australia, and Victoria. (a revision of the genus Pseudoclithria by CHM and PMH is in preparation and will deal with the species in detail). Another male specimen of P. ruficornis exists in the MNHUB, which was deposited in the same tray as the lectotype and paralectotype of M. subpilosa at the time when we examined images of it. The collection label is illegible and there is no evidence that Nonfried had seen this specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/151E87CA6856FFC9FF0FC58AFD0EFD8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Moeseneder, Christian H.;Hutchinson, Paul M.;Lambkin, Christine L.	Moeseneder, Christian H., Hutchinson, Paul M., Lambkin, Christine L. (2014): Revision of the genus Metallesthes Kraatz and description of Metallesthes anneliesae, a new species of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Zootaxa 3881 (4): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3881.4.1
