taxonID	type	description	language	source
9ED4E34A59B357BCA9CE7DF88524B87E.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied. (in addition to material listed below, genitalia examined from 17 additional Finnish specimens from MZH and RCBW). Holotype: Finland • ♂; Alandia, Jomala, Ramsholm; 60.107 ° N, 19.8803 ° E [ETRS-TM 35 FIN 6687: 8105]; 16. vii. 2013; Marko Mutanen leg.; BOLD sample ID: MM 26690; MZH. Paratypes [56 ♂, 74 ♀] Finland • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Alandia, Lemland; 60.0057 ° N, 20.0911 ° E [ykj 667: 311]; 23. - 27. vii. 2001; 31. vii. - 2. viii. 2004: B. Wikstroem & K. Vaalamo leg; RCBW. • 1 ♂; Geta, Hoeckboele; 60.3612 ° N, 19.9156 ° E [ETRS-TM 35 FIN 6712: 8109]; 30. vi. 2009; Family M. Mutanen leg.; TLMF. 3 ♂, 1 ♀; Alandia, Finstroem, Praestgardnaeset; 60.3612 ° N, 19.9156 ° E [ETRS-TM 35 FIN 6700: 8109]; 15. vii. 2013; M. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • 1 ♂; Alandia, Finstroem; 60.2634 ° N, 19.8553 ° E [ETRS-TM 35 FIN 6699: 8103]; 14. vii. 2015; M. Mutanen leg.; BOLD sample ID: MM 26689; ZMUO. • 1 ♂; Alandia, Finstroem, Mangelbo; 60.2385 ° N, 19.9785 ° E [ykj 6701: 3111]; 11. vii. 2015; M. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • 1 ♂; Alandia, Maarianhamina, Ramsholm; 60.0853 ° N, 19.894 ° E [ETRS-TM 35 FIN 6684: 8104]; 16. vii. 2013; M. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • ♂, 9 ♀; Regio aboensis, Dragsfjaerd, Rosala; 59.8385 ° N, 22.4501 ° E [ykj 664: 324]; 22. vii. - 5. viii. 1995, 16. - 11. viii. 1996, 16. - 26. vii. 2004; B. Wikstroem & P. Rautio leg.; GPBW 7912; RCBW. • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Regio aboensis, Dragsfjaerd; 59.8385 ° N, 22.4501 ° E [ykj 664: 324]; 28. vii. - 11. viii. 1996; B. Wikstroem leg.; RCBW. • 2 ♂, 13 ♀; Regio aboensis, Dragsfjaerd, Hiittinen; 59.928 ° N, 22.4378 ° E [ykj 664: 324]; 28. - 29. vii. 2005; M. Mutanen leg.; 1 ♀: gen. prep. Huemer, GU 11 / 1327 ♀ P. Huemer; TLMF, ZMUO. • 1 ♂; Regio aboensis, Dragsfjaerd, Taalintehdas; 60.0158 ° N, 22.5065 ° E [ykj 6664: 3249]; 17. vii. 2018; M. & T. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. 2 ♂; Regio aboensis, Lojo; 23. - 27. vii. 1974; H. Krogerus leg.; http: // id. luomus. fi / GD. 1021, http: // id. luomus. fi / GD. 1023; MZH. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Inkoo; 60.0593 ° N, 23.8575 ° E [ykj 666: 332]; 14. - 17. vii. 1993; B. Wikstroem leg.; RCBW. • 2 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko; 59 ° 49 ' N, 23 ° 04 ' E [ykj 664: 327]; 15. - 26. vii.; 1996, B. Wikstroem leg.; RCBW. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Tvaerminne; 59.8559 ° N, 22.9838 ° E [ykj 664: 328]; 6. - 18. vii. 1976; J. Wettenhovi leg.; http: // id. luomus. fi / GD. 1025; MZH. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Porvoo mlk, Aminsby; 60 ° 21 ' N, 25 ° 30 ' E; 13. vii. 1973; E. Suomalainen leg.; http: // id. luomus. fi / GD. 1022; MZH. • 12 ♂, 7 ♀; Nylandia, Kirkkonummi, Laehteelae; 59.991 ° N, 24.445 ° E; 22. - 24. vii. 2010; J. Junnilainen leg.; RCJJ. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Helsinki; 60.1702 ° N, 24.9283 ° E [ykj 667: 338]; 13. vii. 1993; O. Nybom leg.; http: // id. luomus. fi / GD. 1024; MZH. • 7 ♂, 3 ♀; Nylandia, Raasepori, Gaestans; 59 ° 54 ' 15 '' N, 23 ° 43 ' 38 '' E; 30. vi. - 22. vii. 2019; L. Kaila leg.; http: // id. luomus. fi / GD. 960; GD 969; MZH. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Kirkkonummi, Porkkala; 59.9814 ° N, 24.4026 ° E [ykj 665: 335]; 28. - 31. vii. 2003; M. Mutanen leg.; TLMF. • 1 ♀, Nylandia, Kirkkonummi, Porkkala; 59.9814 ° N, 24.4026 ° E [ykj 665: 335]; 15. - 16. vii. 2001; M. & T. Mutanen leg.; TLMF. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 24. vii. 1986; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 20. - 28. vii. 1988; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 2 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 27. - 28. vii. 1989; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 2 ♂; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 14. - 24. vii. 1990; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 2. - 11. viii. 1990; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 12. - 16. viii. 1990; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 2 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 12. - 23. vii. 1991; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 24. vii. - 3. viii. 1991; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 3 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 17. - 30. viii. 1991; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 6 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 16. - 23. vii. 1992; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 24. - 26. vii. 1992; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 4 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 1. - 7. viii. 1992; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 30. vii. - 5. viii. 1993; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 2 ♂; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 20. - 29. vii. 1994; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Tammisaari, Jussaroe; 59.8235 ° N, 23.5854 ° E [ykj 6639: 3308]; 20. - 29. vii. 1995; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko, Russaroe; 59.7695 ° N, 22.9496 ° E [ykj 6635: 3272]; 16. - 20. vii. 1988; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko, Russaroe; 59.7695 ° N, 22.9496 ° E [ykj 6635: 3272]; 5. - 14. vii. 1989; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko, Russaroe; 59.7695 ° N, 22.9496 ° E [ykj 6635: 3272]; 15. - 29. vii. 1990; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko, Russaroe; 59.7695 ° N, 22.9496 ° E [ykj 6635: 3272]; 12. - 17. viii. 1990; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko, Russaroe; 59.7695 ° N, 22.9496 ° E [ykj 6635: 3272]; 11. - 15. vii. 1992; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 4 ♂, 3 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko, Russaroe; 59.7695 ° N, 22.9496 ° E [ykj 6635: 3272]; 16. - 23. vii. 1992; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko, Tvaerminne; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328], 11. vii. 1983; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko, Tvaerminne; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328], 30. vi. - 1. vii. 1986; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko, Tvaerminne; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328], 5. - 8. viii. 1987; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko, Tvaerminne; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328], 26. vi. - 3. vii. 1990; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko, Tvaerminne; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328], 15. vii. 1994; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 3 ♂, 3 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko, Tvaerminne; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328], 11. - 18. viii. 2019; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko, Tvaerminne; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328], 31. viii. - 2. ix. 2019; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko, Kolaviken; 59.8254 ° N, 23.0142 ° E [ykj 6641: 3276]; 16. viii. 1984; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; 1 ♀; same data, but 15. viii. 1985; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Espoo, Soukanniemi; 60.0779 ° N, 22.8821 ° E [ykj 66700: 32708]; 25. vii. 2014; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Espoo, Laurinlahti; 60.1427 ° N, 24.6519 ° E [ykj 66724: 33695]; 20. vii. 2014; T. & K. Nupponen leg.; RCKN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Helsinki, Hylkysaari; 60.1757 ° N, 24.991 ° E [ykj 6675: 3388]; 19. - 26. vi. 2019; K. Nupponen & M. Nieminen leg.; RCKN, RCMN. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Helsinki, Hylkysaari; 60.1757 ° N, 24.991 ° E [ykj 6675: 3388]; 19. - 25. vii. 2019; K. Nupponen & M. Nieminen leg.; RCKN, RCMN. • 2 ♀; Nylandia, Helsinki, Hylkysaari; 60.1757 ° N, 24.991 ° E [ykj 6675: 3388]; 12. - 19. viii. 2019; K. Nupponen & M. Nieminen leg.; RCKN, RCMN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Helsinki, Hylkysaari; 60.1757 ° N, 24.991 ° E [ykj 6675: 3388]; 28. viii. - 1. ix. 2019; K. Nupponen & M. Nieminen leg.; RCKN, RCMN. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328]; 11. vii. 2001; T. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko; 59.8612 ° N, 23.1618 ° E [ykj 664: 328]; 20. vii. 2001; T. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko; 59.8794 ° N, 24.9911 ° E [ykj 6642: 3387]; 18. vii. 2011; M., A. & N. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • 1 ♂; Nylandia, Hanko; 59.8794 ° N, 24.9911 ° E [ykj 6642: 3287]; 31. vii. 2006; M. Mutanen leg.; BOLD Sample ID: MM 03681; ZMUO. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Hanko, Taektom; 59.8099 ° N, 23.0205 ° E [ykj 66397: 32767]; 13. vii. 2018; M. & T. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Nylandia, Kirkkonummi, Porkkala; 59.9957 ° N, 24.4463 ° E [ykj 665: 335]; 28. - 31. vii. 2003; M. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • 1 ♀; Nylandia, Kirkkonummi, Porkkala; 59.9957 ° N, 24.4463 ° E [6656: 3357]; 4. viii. 2014; M. Mutanen leg.; ZMUO. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Karelia australis, Virolahti; 60.5439 ° N, 27.6377 ° E [ykj 671: 353]; 7. - 13. vii. 2001; 14. - 21. vii. 2002; P. Sundell, K. Vaalamo & B. Wikstroem leg.; RCBW. • 1 ♂; Karelia australis, Virolahti; 60.5439 ° N, 27.6377 ° E [ykj 671: 353]; 8. - 24. vi. 2004; B. Wikstroem leg.; BOLD sample ID: MM 23516; RCBW.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
9ED4E34A59B357BCA9CE7DF88524B87E.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. China • 30 ♂, 2 ♀; 48 ° 05 ' N, 129 85 ' E; NW China; alt. c. 200 - 500 m; Heilongjian district, Fenglin Nature Reserve, mixed Pinus / deciduous forest; 28. vi. - 10. vii. 2000; P. Sihvonen leg.; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05663, L. Kaila prep. 6190; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05664; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05665; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05666, L. Kaila prep. 6189; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05663; MZH. Estonia • 2 ♂; Tartu reg., Jaervselja; 3. viii. 1984; M. Kruus leg.; MZH. • 4 ♂; Abruka island, Pitkanina; dry meadow; 29. - 31. vii. 1984; K. Mikkola leg.; MZH. Japan • 1 ♂; Odawa Pass, Arimine Toyama; 21. vii. 1979; H. Yamanaka leg.; L. Kaila prep. 6310; ZMUC; • 1 ♂; Odawa Pass, Arimine Toyama; 25. viii. 1984; H. Yamanaka leg.; ZMUC. Latvia • 1 ♂; Rīga distr., Carnikava; 13. vii. 2011; by light trap; N. Savenkov leg.; LMNH. • 1 ♀; Daugavpils distr., Silene (Ilgas); 8. - 9. vii. 2014; N. Savenkov leg.; LMNH. Russia • 1 ♀; Isthmus Karelia, Repino [Kuokkala]; 11. viii. 1938; E. Lankiala leg.; MZH. • 1 ♀; Seiskari; 60.034 ° N, 28.360 ° E; 24. vii. 1993; J. Junnilainen leg.; RCJJ. • 3 ♂; Belgorod oblast, Borisovka, Makeshkino, Stenki; 503800 ° N, 355800 ° E; 8. - 15. vii. 2009; 17. - 30. vi. 2013; K. - E. Lundsten & B. Wikstroem leg.; GPBW 7720, GPBW 7913, GPBW 7935; RCMW. • 4 ♂; Belgorod oblast, Borisovka, 40 km N. Makeshkino, Stenki; 503811 ° N, 374904 ° E; 12. - 14. vii. 2011; K. - E. Lundsten & B. Wikstroem leg.; GPBW 7930, GPBW 7939; RCBW. • 4 ♂; 40 km N. Irkutsk, steppe sloppe; ad luc, 1. - 3. viii. 1984; K. Mikkola & M. Viitasaari leg.; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05674, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05675; MZH. • 1 ♂; Dauria, Onon river valley, lower Tshanrey; 15. vi. 1992; M. Kostjuk leg.; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05667; MZH. • 2 ♂; Novosibirsk, Akademogorodok; 14. - 16. viii. 1982; K. Mikkola leg.; MZH. • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; SW Udmurtia, Kilmez; 57 ° 00 ' N, 51 ° 05 ' E; 8. - 11. vii. 2002; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 0756, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 0757; K. Mikkola leg.; MZH. 1 ♂; Buryatia, pr. Ulan Ude; alt. 700 m; steppe hill; 17. vii. 1996; J. Jalava & J. Kullberg leg.; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05676; MZH. • 19 ♂, 2 ♀; Barguzin valley, Maisky village; 54 ° 35 ' N, 110 ° 48 ' E; alt. 500 m; sandy yard; 2. - 7. vii. 1996; J. Jalava & J. Kullberg leg.; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 056769, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05670; MZH. 4 ♂, 2 ♀; Primorje, Gonota juznoe; 1979; M. Kruus leg.; coll. MZH. • 2 ♂; Anisimovka; 43 ° 10 ' N, 132 ° 46 ' E; alt. 300 m; 24. - 28. vii. 1997; J. Kullberg & J. Kaare leg.; MZH; • 3 ♂; S. Primorje Ussurijsk Res.; 43 ° 38 ' N, 132 ° 33 ' E; alt. 250 m; 29. - 31. vii. 1996; J. Kullberg & J. Kaare leg.; MZH. • 1 ♂; S. Primorje, Lazovski Res.; 43 ° 16 ' N, 134 ° 08 ' E; alt. 180 m; 5. - 9. viii. 1996; J. Jalava, J. Kullberg & J. Kaare leg.; BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05668; MZH. South Korea • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; South Korea, Jeollanam, E, Heuksan Isl; alt. 2 m; 344 ' 45.28 '' N, 125 ° 26 ' 15.54 '' E; 17. - 18. vi. 2010; K. Mikkola leg.; http: // id. luomus. fi / GK. 2801, http: // id. luomus. fi / GK. 2837; L. Kaila prep 6294 (♂); MZH.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
9ED4E34A59B357BCA9CE7DF88524B87E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pyralis cardinalis is unique among other focal species as having two cornuti in the male genitalia; their structure is detailed below. It differs externally from P. regalis, P. sagarrai, P. kacheticalis, P. princeps and P. joannisi by the shape of the inner, silvery fascia: its outer margin is somewhat broadened medially, while the fascia is entirely or nearly parallel-sided in the other species. It can sometimes also be outwards slightly broadened in P. regalis and may thus taken alone not always be adequate for correct identification. Unlike other species the outer area of the hindwing of P. cardinalis is deep purple, that of other species is either dark brown (P. regalis, P. princeps, P. joannisi, P. regalis may also have brown or purple tinge), or pale yellowish grey, or suffused with pale grey (P. sagarrai, P. kacheticalis), but without purple. The inner silvery fascia is narrow and reaches the dorsal margin in P. kacheticalis, unlike other species. The median area of the hindwing is paler in P. kacheticalis and P. sagarrai than in the other species, as noted in the key. In the male genitalia, P. cardinalis differs from all other related species by its vesica which is devoid of coarse spines. It shares with P. kacheticalis and P. sagarrai the presence of one long, prominent, more or less straight cornutus, but has another smaller, curved cornutus formed of fused coarse spines. The large cornutus can sometimes also be outwards slightly broadened in P. regalis and may thus alone not always perfectly support correct identification. The vesica of P. regalis has one tiny cornutus that is often hard to decipher among spines (see, however, Remarks under that species). In the female genitalia, the inception of the ductus seminalis is broadened and somewhat sclerotized; this trait distinguishes it from all other species treated. The ductus bursae widens evenly towards the corpus bursae, it is similar only in the externally different P. perversalis,	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
9ED4E34A59B357BCA9CE7DF88524B87E.taxon	description	Description. External appearance (Figs 2, 4 - 7). Forewing length ♂: 8 - 9.5 mm, ♀: 8 - 11 mm. Labial palpus ascending, length of second segment 1.3 as long as diameter of eye; third segment short. Maxillary palpus 1 / 3 as long as labial palpus; head and these appendices, scape and pecten yellow. Head rough-scaled; collar yellow, intermixed with purple. Flagellum purple, male with thin cilia length of which is twice diameter of shaft; female antenna with very short ciliation. Thorax purple; abdomen varying from purple to lead-grey. Legs pale ochre. Forewing: basal third, distal quarter, and often area of distal quarter between fold and dorsal margin purple, near margin sometimes variably intermixed with dark grey scales; at 2 / 5 of wing length white fascia extending from costa to fold towards which it narrows, medially outwardly widened; similarly colored, elongate spot from distal 4 / 5 wing length from costa to 1 / 3 wing width towards middle; from both white areas to costal margin narrow, purple string both inwardly and outwardly narrowly bordered with dark grey. Between white areas wing colour orange brown, costa variably annulated by yellow, grey or alternating spots of both colour. Fringe brown, except in dorsal corner dark grey. Hindwing: divided by off-white stripes into three almost equally wide areas; stripes approaching each other towards anal margin. Basal and median area purple, sometimes variably intermixed with dark grey scales; distal area somewhat paler, purple. Fringe brown, except in anal corner silvery. Underside: forewing yellowish grey, area corresponding with outer white area of upper side pale ochre. Costal margin annulated by black and yellow, somewhat elongate spots; hindwing lead-grey, with evenly bent pale grey band along outer 2 / 3.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
9ED4E34A59B357BCA9CE7DF88524B87E.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Life history is not known. Adults have been observed at sugar bait as well as in light traps over a long period, spanning from the end of June to the end of August. The peak of the flight period is during July, and no evidence of more than one yearly generation seems to exist.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
9ED4E34A59B357BCA9CE7DF88524B87E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Japan, Latvia, Russia (European part, southern Siberia, Far East), South Korea, Sweden.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
BCD836902E9E515AB432D0C7F425FE54.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Vietnam. 1 ♂, Bac Kan Prov., Cho Don distr., 300 m, mixed tropical bushland / forest, 19. iii. 1993 leg. A. Wikstroem, L. Kaila prep. 6297 (MZH).	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
BCD836902E9E515AB432D0C7F425FE54.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The separation of this species from others is explained in the key.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
BCD836902E9E515AB432D0C7F425FE54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Vietnam.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
45B3E019814F55B4B3860BA08C980537.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype (Asopia kacheticalis), here designated, labelled: [blue round label]; M T [??] Eldar; Kol. Vel. Kn. Nikolaja Mihakhailovidza; Pyralis kacheticalis (Christoph, 1893); Syntypus; in underside of one label: 25 - 7 - 86 [and something illegible] Kacheticalis (ZISP). [See remarks]. Photograph of lectotype of Pyralis imperialis, with labels: Amasia; imperialis Caradja; lectotype Pyralis imperialis DES ♀ Car. Dr. A Popescu-Gorj (MGAB). Photograph of a specimen labelled as paralectotype of P. imperialis with record made by Mihai Stănescu: " Owner: Muzeul National de Istorie Naturală " Grigore Antipa " - Bucuresti. Domain: Stiintele naturii; accession number 177830; Type. Pyralis imperialis. Subtype Pyralis imperialis (Caradja, 1916), Dimensions: AA = 21 mm; Discovery area. Amasia, Turcia; Listing order 2043 / 27.01.2011 - Tezaur. " (MGAB).	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
45B3E019814F55B4B3860BA08C980537.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. Azerbaijan. 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 41 ° 15 ' 15 " N, 47 ° 02 ' 44 " E, Greater Caucasus Mts., 350 m, 15 km NW Sheki, 3. vi. 2019, leg. K. Nupponen & R. Haverinen; 1 ♂, Caspian Sea shore, 41 ° 22 ' 22 " N, 49 ° 03 ' 08 " E, - 36 m, Chaygaragasly, 5. vi. 2019, leg. K. Nupponen & R. Haverinen (all RCKN). Cyprus. 2 ♂, Moniatis N. Limassol, 850 m, 23. - 29. vi. 1997, leg. D. Nilsson, A. Madsen, M. Fibiger & P. Svendsen (ZMUC); 1 ♂, Fasouri, 15 km W. Limassol, 5 m, 25. vi. 1997, leg. P. Svendsen, D. Nilsson & M. Fibiger (ZMUC); 1 ♀, N. Limassol, Platres, 1150 m, 6. viii. 1985, leg. P. Svendsen (ZMUC); 3 ♂, 34.735, 32.592, Pafos distr., Nikokleva, 100 m. a. s. l., 34.735, 32.592, 21. v. 2017, leg. J. Junnilainen (RCJJ); 2 ♂, 34.826, 33.285, Larnaka district, Vavla, 472 m. a. s. l., 28. v. 2017, leg. J. Junnilainen (RCJJ). Greece. 1 ♂, 39 ° 09 ' 82 '' N, 26 ° 18 ' 00 '' E, Lesvos, 6. V. 2007 exp. MZH, leg. L. Kaila & J. Kullberg, L. Kaila prep. 6188, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05742 (MZH); 1 ♂, 39 ° 19 ' 05 '' N, 26 ° 09 ' 17 '' E, Lesvos, 6. vi. 2014, leg. J. Tyllinen, GPBW 7942 (RCJT). Lebanon. 2 ♂, 34 ° 10 ' 29 '' N, 35 ° 15 ' 25 '' E, 1530 m, Batroun, Tannourine al Fawca, Bala'a, 23. viii. 2010 leg. J. & A. Kullberg, L. Kaila prep. 6187, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05671, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 363, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 367 (MZH); 2 ♀, 34 ° 00 ' 04 '' N, 35 ° 45 ' 04 '' E, Kesrouane, 940 m, Mt. Jebel Musa, Mar Geryes, open forest, 28. viii. 2010, leg. J. & A. Kullberg, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05672, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05745, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 362, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 366 (MZH); 1 ♂, 34 ° 3 ' 25.63 '' N, 35 ° 43 ' 2.28 '' E, Kesrouan, 850 m, Ghbele, 5. - 6. vi. 2012 leg. J. Kullberg & T. Lievonen, http: // id. luomus. fi / GK. 8123 (MZH); 1 ♂, 33 ° 43 ' 57 '' N, 35 ° 47 ' 15 '' E, Beqaa, 860 m, Aammique marshes nr. Ketraya, 2. ix. 2010, leg. J. & A. Kullberg, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 364 (MZH); 1 ♂, 33 ° 43 ' 31 '' N, 35 ° 41 ' 29 '' E, Choul, 175 m, Baruq Mts., 31. viii. 2010, leg. J. & A. Kullberg, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 365 (MZH). Turkey. 1 ♂, Prov. Kayseri, Incesu, 1100 m, 14. - vi. 1996, leg. F. Schepler, 1 ♂, 28. vii. 1996, leg. K. E. Stovgaard (ZMUC); 2 spec., 5 km E Uerguep, 3. ix. 1997, leg. K. Nupponen & J. Junnilainen, GPBW 8145 (RCJJ). Ukraine. 18 ♂, 2 ♀ Zaporozhye region, Melitopol district, with Danilo-Ivanivka, 2. - 7. viii. 2019, leg. Kovalyov & A. Zhakov (RCBW); 1 spec., Zaporoshye region, Yakimov district with Radivonovka, 2. viii. 2019, leg. Kovalyov (RCBW); 1 spec., Hersonskaja Obl. 03 oz, Sivasho Kyhjuk-Tuk, 11. viii. 1999, leg. A. Zhakov (RCBW); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Zap. Obl. Melitopol region, Danilo-Ivanovka, r. Tashenak, leg. Kovalev, 1. v. - 6. viii. 2019, leg. Kovalev (RCBW.); 1 ♂, Donetsk region, Lyman nr. Torsko, 20. - 23. vi. 2019, leg. A. Zhakov (RCBW).	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
45B3E019814F55B4B3860BA08C980537.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pyralis kacheticalis differs from other related species apart from P. sagarrai by the pale hindwings, and the shape of the white fascia on the forewing being very narrow, straight and extended to the costal margin. The male genitalia are close to those of P. sagarrai from which they are distinguished by the shape of the cornutus: it is entirely smooth in P. kacheticalis, basally wide and formed as fusion of coarse spines in P. sagarrai. The female genitalia of these species seem to be identifiable with some reservations (see key), but may be indistinguishable from P. regalis. The separation of this species from P. princeps and P. joannisi is explained in the key.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
45B3E019814F55B4B3860BA08C980537.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Greece, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Ukraine, Turkey.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
6B86C806822B563B9EE24FD5F29B3068.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Czech Republic. 3 ♂, Bohemia sept., Ceske Stfedoholi Bivany-Pisecny v, 20. vii. 1994, leg. J. Liska & B. Wikstroem, GPBW 8402, (RCJL); 1 ♂, same collection data, BOLD sample ID: MM 26361 l. (RCJJ). Russia. 1 ♀, S. Ural, Cheliabinsk oblast, 15 km S. Kizilskoye nr. Ural River, 26. vii. 2000 leg. T. Nupponen; GPBW 8403 (RCKN). Ukraine. 1 ♂, Hersonskaja oblast, oz Sivash o. Kujuk-Tuk, 13. viii. 1999, leg. A. Zhakov (RCBW); 1 ♂, Zapovednik oblast Melitop region nr. Danilo-Ivanovka, Tashenak, 16. viii. 1999, leg. I. V. Kovalev (RCBW).	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
6B86C806822B563B9EE24FD5F29B3068.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Externally P. perversalis differs from other species treated here by the forewing colour which is pale greyish brown with pale yellowish grey markings. The male genitalia are as those of P. regalis. The female genitalia resemble those of P. cardinalis in being devoid of the braid-shaped ductus bursae. Unlike P. cardinalis, the inception of the ductus seminalis is not broadened or sclerotized; posterior quarter of the ductus bursae is not narrow posteriorly.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
6B86C806822B563B9EE24FD5F29B3068.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Russia (European part to S. Urals), Ukraine, Slovakia (Nuss et al. 2004 - 2020), Central Asia and Mongolia (Slamka 2006).	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
BDA8601C15E6525CB246D374EFDA8E7B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype, here designated: India, Dharamshala, Photograph of lectotype of Pyralis princeps made available by David Lees, labelled: LECTO-TYPE [blue round label]; MANUSCRIPT LECTOTYPE; Type locality India Dharmsala; Lectotype Pyralis princeps det. M. Shaffer 1985 []; stat. n. [abdomen in capsule] (NHMUK). Other material. Nepal. 2 ♂, 27 ° 40 ' N, 85 ° 25 ' E, Godavari, 15 km SE Kathmandu, 1500 m, 8. - 9. v. 1996 leg. Exp. A. Albrecht, O. Bistroem, K. Mikkola & A. Wikberg, L. Kaila prep. 6296, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05678, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05679, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 369 (MZH).	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
BDA8601C15E6525CB246D374EFDA8E7B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The separation of this species from other species is explained in the key. In the genitalia, the dense bush of long spines at the posterior end of vesica is characteristic, and the genital characters readily separate it from the externally similar but smaller P. joannisi; see the key for further details.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
BDA8601C15E6525CB246D374EFDA8E7B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India, Nepal.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
7D3CE9E7989B5FB9B9D23C84D2F99C4E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. (with 16 ♂, 6 ♀ genital dissections). Type material. • Neotype ♀; A / N: Oberloiben, Hoehereck; 48 ° 23 ' N, 15 ° 32 ' E; ca. 300 m; 30.6.2015; P. Buchner leg.; BOLD Sample ID: TLMF Lep 27053; coll. TLMF; here designated.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
7D3CE9E7989B5FB9B9D23C84D2F99C4E.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. Specimens preserved in MZH have museum identifier codes from http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 257 to http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 355. Albania. 1 ♀, Kelmend, Tarnarja, Milsilschlucht, 1200 m, 12. viii. 1994, leg. B. Ploessl (TLMF). Austria. 1 ♀, Burgenland, Umg. Rechnitz, Gemaerk, 3. viii. 1990, leg. H. Habeler (TLMF); 1 ♂, Niederoesterreich, 2.5 km SSW Hainburg, 300 m, 48 ° 07 ' N, 16 ° 56 ' E, 18. vi. 2008, leg. P. Buchner, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05166 (TLMF); 1 ♂, Niederoesterreich, 2.5 km W Bad Fischau, 430 m, 47 ° 49 ' N, 16 ° 08 ' E, 18. vii. 2004, leg. P. Buchner, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05713 (TLMF); 1 ♀, same data, but 1. viii. 2004, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05714 (TLMF); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Niederoesterreich, Wachau, Duernstein, 18. vii. 1988, leg. F. Lichtenberger; 2 ♀, same data, but 6. viii. 1988; 3 ♂, same data, but 17. vi. 1971; 1 ♂, same data, but 1. vi. 1990; 1 ♂, same data, but 13. vi. 1990; 3 ♂, same data, but 14. vi. 1990; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, but 19. vii. 1991, leg. J. Ortner; 2 ♀, same data, but 14. viii. 1991; 1 ♂, same data, but 19. vi. 1985, leg. F. Hofmann; 1 ♀, same data, but 31. viii. 2005; 1 ♂, same data, but 14. vi. 1969, leg. A. Moser; 1 ♀, Niederoesterreich, Wachau, Unterloiben, 7. vi. 1990, leg. Petz; 1 ♀, Niederoesterreich, Kleinpoechlarn, 340 m, 48 ° 13 ' 34 '' N, 15 ° 13 ' 36 '' E, 17. viii. 2006, leg. F. Lichtenberger; 1 ♂, Niederoesterreich, Weinviertel, Pulkau, Steinbruch, 5. viii. 2005, leg. R. Leimlehner; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Steiermark, Herberstein, Buchberg, 500 m, 26. vi. 2001, leg. H. Habeler; 1 ♀, same data, but 8. vii. 2003 (all TLMF). Bulgaria. 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 41.763, 23.170 Blagoevgrad district, Stara Kresna, 800 m, 17. - 30. ix. 2017, leg. J. Junnilainen (RCJJ); 1 ♀, 41,962 ° N, 23,102 ° E, 5 km S Blagoevgrad, 28. vii. 2013, leg. B. A. Bengtsson (RBB); 5 ♂, 2 ♀, 42 ° 39 ' N, 23 ° 23 ' E, Sofia, Druzba, 5. - 21. ix. 1976 leg. K. Mikkola, L. Kaila prep. 6182, 6183 (MZH); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 41.527 ° N, 23.583 ° E, Southern Pirin, 1100 m, 10 km SW Popovi Livadi, 21. vi. 2013, leg. J. Junnilainen (RCJJ); 4 ♀, 41.652 ° N, 23.248 ° E, Slavianka, 1000 m, 24. vii. 2013, leg. J. Junnilainen, L. Kaila prep. 6303 (RCJJ); 1 ♂, 41.597 ° N, 23.225 ° E Struma river valley, Sandanski meadow, 16. vii. 2014, leg. J. Junnilainen (RCJJ); 1 ♀, 41.652 ° N, 23.248 ° E Struma river valley, Ilidentsi, 650 m, 23. - 25. vii. 2013, 1 ♂, 10. vii. 2014, leg. J. Junnilainen (all RCJJ); 8 ♂, 6 ♀, 41.65 ° N 23.33 ° E, Strumjani, Ilidenci, leg. B. Wikstroem (RCBW); 1 ♀, Katunzi, Pavlovo, Goleshovo, 10. viii. 2013, DNA sample 23514, leg. N. Ryrholm & B. Wikstroem (RCBW). Croatia. 2 ♀, Porec, 28. vi. 1986, leg. H. Popp; 1 ♂, Istria, Rovinj, Vestra, 20 m, 20. vii. 2000, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Cres isl., Stivan, 30 - 150 m, 29. vii. - 1. viii. 1998, leg. H. Brandstetter; 2 ♀, same data, but 30. v. - 2. vi. 1998, leg. J. Ortner; 1 ♀, same data, but 6. - 8. viii. 1997; 1 ♀, Krk isl., Punat env., 18. vi. 1984, leg. H. Habeler; 1 ♀, same data, but 20. ix. 1987; 2 ♂, same data, but 17. vi. 1986; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, but 18. vi. 1986; 1 ♂, same data, but 19. vi. 1986; 1 ♀, same data, but 1. ix. 1986; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, but 7. ix. 1986; 1 ♂, same data, but 8. vii. 1987; 1 ♀, same data, but 5. vi. 1989; 1 ♀, same data, but 4. ix. 1990; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, but 8. vi. 1992; 1 ♀, same data, but 24. ix. 1992; 3 ♂, same data, but Pyrigraben, 8. vi. 2003 (all TLMF). France. 1 ♀, 43 ° 56 ' N, 7 ° 15 ' E, Alpes maritimes, Vallee de la Vesubie, 9. vi. 1998, leg. K. Silvonen (MZH); 1 ♀, Dep. Alpes-Maritimes, Bonson, 500 m, 29. vi. 1962, leg. F. Dujardin; 2 ♀, Dep. Alpes-Maritimes, St. Blaise, 26. - 30. v. 1982, leg. De Pieri; 1 ♂, same data, but 7. ix. 1981, leg. F. Dujardin; 3 ♂, Dep. Alpes-Maritimes, 16. vii. 1978, leg. F. Dujardin; 1 ♂, Dep. Pyrenees-Orientales, Jujols, Le Sola, 850 m, 26. vi. 1992, leg. S. Peslier; 1 ♀, Corse, Asco valley, early vi. 1979, 250 m, leg. F. Zuernbauer (all TLMF); 8 ♂, 15 ♀, Corse, Patrimonio, 16. - 30. vi. 2007, GPBW 7914, GPBW 7934; 2 ♂, 1 - 10. vii. 2012 leg. B. Wikstroem., GPBW 7908, leg. B. Wikstroem (RCBW); 1 ♂, Gard, St Jean du Gard, 16. - 30. vi. 2007, BOLD sample ID: MM 23515, leg. B. Wikstroem (RCBW). Greece. 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 40 ° 58 ' N, 25 ° 47 ' E, Alexandropolis, Kirki, 24. - 26. vii. 1981, leg. P. Grotenfelt (MZH); 6 ♂, 12 ♀, 39 ° 32 ' N, 19 ° 55 ' E, Corfu, Benitses, 3. - 14. vi. 1978, leg. V. Varis, L. Kaila prep. 6181, 6186 (MZH); 1 ♀, 39 ° 34 ' N, 19 ° 54 ' E, Corfu, Perama, 1. vi. 1977, leg. H. & M. Koponen (MZH); 1 ♂, 39 ° 46 ' N, 21 ° 10 ' E, Epirus, Mestsovo, 23. vii. 1991, leg. P. Somerma & R. Vaeisaenen (MZH); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 39 ° 52 ' N, 20 ° 51 ' E, Epirus (Zagoria), Tsepelovo, 1200 m, 27. vi. 1991, leg. P. Somerma & R. Vaeisaenen (MZH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 38 ° 57 ' N, 20 ° 45 ' E, Epeiros, Preveso Kanalion, 1985, leg. P. Grotenfelt (MZH); 1 ♂, 39 ° 52 ' N, 20 ° 51 ' E, Epirus (Zagoria) Skamneli Timfi, Goura, 2200 m, 24. vii. 1991, leg. P. Somerma & R. Vaeisaenen, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05680 (MZH); 2 ♂, 5 ♀, 40 ° 40 ' N, 21 ° 09 ' E, Florina, Vatochorion, 15. - 16. vii. 1985, leg. P. Grotenfelt (MZH); 1 ♂, 39 ° 08 ' 07 '' N, 26 ° 26 ' 08 '' E, Lesvos, NE Keramia, organic olive orchard, 3. vi. 2009, leg. L. Kaila & J. Kullberg, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05744 (MZH); 1 ♂, 39 ° 21 ' 19 '' N, 26 ° 17 ' 57 '' E, Lesvos, Sikaminia, pasture, 520 m, 13. ix. 2008, leg. L. Kaila & J. Kullberg, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05741 (MZH); 1 ♂, 39 ° 01 ' 50 '' N, 26 ° 22 ' 34 '' E, Lesvos, 2 km NNE Megalochori, Quercus / meadow, 11. x. 2008, leg. L. Kaila & J. Kullberg, L. Kaila prep. 6180, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05743 (MZH); 1 ♂, 40 ° 43 ' N, 23 ° 42 ' E, Ma. Thessaloniki, Asprovalta, 2. x. 1977, leg. P. Grotenfelt (MZH); 1 ♀, 37 ° 33 ' N, 22 ° 20 ' E, Peloponisos, Arkadia, Tekn. Ladona, 25. vi. 1981, leg. P. Grotenfelt (MZH); 1 ♀, 24. vi. 1981, 37 ° 40 ' N, 22 ° 10 ' E, Peloponisos, Arkadia Vitina, 13. ix. 1980, leg. P. Grotenfelt (MZH); 17 ♂, 14 ♀, 37 ° 42 ' N, 21 ° 34 ' E, Peloponisos, Ilia, Loutra Kilini, 6. - 20. ix. 1980, leg. P. Grotenfelt, L. Kaila prep. 6182, 6195, 6196, 6299 (MZH); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Pindos Konitsa, Pades, 6. vii. 1981, leg. P. Grotenfelt (MZH); 1 ♀, Pindos Katana, 4. vii. 1981, leg. P. Grotenfelt (MZH); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Thesprothia, Paramithia 30. viii. 1987, leg. P. Grotenfelt, L. Kaila prep. 6179 (MZH); 1 ♀, Thessaly, Skiathos, 24. vi. 1991, leg. P. Somerma & R. Vaeisaenen; same locality, 3. viii. 1991, leg. P. Somerma & R. Vaeisaenen (MZH); 1 ♂, Thessaly, Pelion Makrinitsa, 500 m, 31. vii. 1991, leg. R. Vaeisaenen (MZH); 2 ♂, Epirus, Prov. Ioannina, Thesprotia, Pindos, Mt. Smolika, Agias Paraskevi, 700 m, 23. vi. 2006, leg. A. E. Rau, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 04993, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 04994 (LMK); 1 ♀, Igoumenitsa; Korytiani env., 30. v. 2002, leg. J. Ortner; 1 ♂, Macedonia, Meteora, 420 m, mid viii. 1977, leg. F. Zuernbauer, gen. slide PYR 345 ♂, P. Huemer; 2 ♀, Agii Pantes, 800 m, 26. vi. 2009, leg. K. Freytag; 1 ♂, same data, but Filates env., 27. vi. 2009, leg. W. Caesar; 1 ♀, Lakonia, Mani, Aeropolis, Cholasia, 350 m, 14. v. 2005, leg. M. Tschinder & L. Hassler; 1 ♀, Kalamata, 3. - 10. vi. 1997, leg. J. Wimmer; 1 ♀, 40 ° 00 ' 45 '' N, 20 ° 53 ' 00 '' E, Epirus, Vrisochori, bridge river Aoos, 740 m, 9. vii. 2005, leg. T. Mayr; 1 ♀, 35 ° 24 ' N, 23 ° 53 ' E, Epirus, Prov. Theosprotia, Argyrotopos, 25 m, 8. - 17. v. 2002, leg. A. E. Rau (all TLMF); 5 ♀, Nidri Lefkada, 15. - 17. viii. 1995, leg. J. P. Baungaard (ZMUC). Hungary. 1 ♂, Aggtelek NP., Aggtelek, 400 m warm oak forest & chalk grasslands, 19. vi. 1996, leg. K. Mikkola (MZH); 1 ♀, Balaton, Balatonakali, 1. viii. 1996, leg. J. Ortner; 1 ♀, same data, but 24. - 26. vii. 1994 (all TLMF). Italy. 1 ♂, 46 ° 41 ' 51 '' N, 10 ° 30 ' 59 '' E, Prov. Suedtirol, Vinschgau, Schleiser Leiten, 1350 m, 18. viii. 2013, leg. P. Huemer; 1 ♂, Prov. Suedtirol, Naturns, Sonnenberg, 1000 m, 31. vii. 1996, leg. T. Mayr; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Prov. Suedtirol, Naturns, 660 m, late vi. 1965, leg. F. Zuernbauer; 1 ♀, same data, but late vii. 1965; 1 ♂, Prov. Suedtirol, Schnalstal, 800 m, early vii. 1967, leg. F. Zuernbauer; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, but late viii. 1967; 1 ♂, same data, but early ix. 1971; 1 ♀, Prov. Suedtirol, Bozen, Etsch-Eisackmuendung, 2. vii. 2003, leg. P. Huemer; 1 ♀, Prov. Suedtirol, Bozen, Sand, 450 m, 9. ix. 1992, leg. B. Bosin; 1 ♂, Prov. Suedtirol, Bozen, St. Johann, 280 m, 2. ix. 1988, leg. B. Bosin; 1 ♀, Prov. Suedtirol, Montiggl, Kl. Priol, 600 m, 14. vii. 1993, leg. P. Huemer; 2 ♂, same data, but 22. vii. 2010, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 2207, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 2208; 3 ♂, same data, but 30. vi. 2010; 1 ♂, Prov. Suedtirol, Pfatten, Mitterberg, NO-Hang, 400 m, 12. vii. 1991, leg. P. Huemer; 1 ♀, Prov. Suedtirol, Kalterer See, 216 m, 26. vi. 1990, leg. P. Huemer; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Prov. Suedtirol, Auer, 31. v. 1957, leg. K. Burmann; 1 ♀, same data, but 29. vi. - 1. vii. 1957; 1 ♀, same data, but 1. vii. 1957; 1 ♀, same data, but 14. - 16. vi. 1958; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, same data, but 21. vi. 1957, leg. A. Hernegger; 1 ♀, same data, but 2. viii. 1957; 1 ♀, Prov. Suedtirol, Margreid, Fenner Schlucht, 460 m, 46 ° 17 ' 16 '' N, 11 ° 12 ' 05 '' E, 25. vi. 2013, leg. P. Huemer; 4 ♀, Prov. Trento, Rovereto N, Pomarolo, 3. viii. 2000, leg. J. Wimmer; 1 ♂, same data, but 1. ix. 2000; 2 ♀, Prov. Trento, Pietramurata, 250 m, late viii. 1962, leg. F. Zuernbauer; 1 ♂, same data, but late vi. 1968; 1 ♂, Prov. Trento, Villamontagna, 600 m, leg. K. Burmann; 1 ♀, 13. ix. 1982, Prov. Verona, Pai di Sopra, 100 m, 1. - 10. vii. 1986, leg. H. Gutweniger; 1 ♀, same data, but 11. - 20. vii. 1986; 1 ♀, Prov. Verona, Navene, 17. v. 1976, leg. W. Pavlas; 3 ♀, Prov. Verona, Garda, early - mid v. 1977, leg. W. Pavlas; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Prov. Verona, San Ambrogio di Valpolicella, Monte, 300 m, 45 ° 34 ' N, 10 ° 50 ' 55 '' E, 27. viii. 1987, leg. P. Morass, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05047, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05048; 3 ♀, same data, but 24. vii. 1984, leg. K. Burmann, gen. slide PYR 342 ♀ P. Huemer; 1 ♀, same data, but 2. viii. 1984; 1 ♀, same data, but 6. ix. 1988; 1 ♀, same data, but 27. vi. 1992; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, but 18. ix. 1993; 1 ♂, same data, but 25. vi. 1987; leg. K. Burmann, P. Huemer & G. Tarmann, gen. slide PYR 341 ♂ P. Huemer; 1 ♀, same data, 24. vii. 1985, leg. K. Burmann & P. Huemer; 1 ♀, same data, but 4. vi. 1999, leg. J. Ortner; 1 ♀, same data, but 17. ix. 1991, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♂, same data, but 5. vi. 2015, leg. H. Deutsch & E. Bendikt; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, same data, but 22. vii. 1995, leg. T. Mayr; 2 ♀, same data, but 20. vi. 1992, leg. S. Plattner; 3 ♂, same data, but 200 m, early viii. 1978, leg. F. Zuernbauer, gen. slide PYR 343 ♂ P. Huemer; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Prov. Verona, San Ambrogio di Valpolicella, Monte, 410 m, 45 ° 34 ' N, 10 ° 49.9 ' E, 20. - 22. v. 2001, leg. P. Huemer, gen. slide PYR 344 ♂ P. Huemer; 1 ♂, Prov. Verona, Soave, 100 m, 19. vi. 1976, leg. K. Burmann; 1 ♀, Prov. Udine, Trasaghis, Tagliamento, 200 m, 22. vii. 1997, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♀, Prov. Udine, Cavazzo, Palude Vituarbis, 280 m, 31. vii. 2008, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♂, Prov. Udine, Peonis - Avasinis, 250 m, 23. vii. 2004, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♀, Prov. Trieste, Fernetti, Mt. Orsario, 325 - 330 m, 20. vi. 2014, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♀, Prov. Gorizia, Monfalcone, 100, 26. v. 1992, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♀, same data, but 1. viii. 1986, leg. T. Mayr; 1 ♂, Prov. Cuneo, Valdieri, RN Juniperus phoenicea, 900 - 1000 m, 44 ° 17 ' 1 '' N, 7 ° 23 ' 52 '' E, 1. viii. 2010, leg. P. Huemer; 1 ♀, Prov. Cuneo, Dronero, 6. viii. 1970, leg. F. Dujardin; 1 ♂, Prov. Imperia, Diano Arentino, 4. vii. 1999, leg. W. Arnscheid; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Prov. Imperia, Lucinasco, 25. vi. 1999, leg. W. Arnscheid; 1 ♀, Prov. Imperia, Conio, 1. vii. 1999, leg. W. Arnscheid; 1 ♀, Prov. Imperia, Ville S. Pietro, 30. vi. 1999, leg. W. Arnscheid; 1 ♀, Prov. Imperia, Regio Marra, Isolabona, 580 m, 21. ix. 2011, leg. M. Tschinder & L. Hassler; 1 ♀, Prov. Savona, Andora, 30. vi. 2008, leg. R. Leimlehner; 1 ♂, Prov. Rieti, Monte Terminillo, 1700 - 1900 m, 30. vii. - 6. viii. 2003, leg. A. E. Rau; 5 ♂, Prov. Chieti, PN della Majella, Taranta Peligna, Pian di Valle, 770 m, 42 ° 01 ' 34 '' N, 14 ° 09 ' 43 '' E, 20. vii. 2011, leg. P. Huemer, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05054, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05044, BOLD sample ID: TLMF 05045; 2 ♂, same data, but leg. T. Mayr; 2 ♂, same data, but 21. vii. 2011, leg. B. Wiesmair; 2 ♀, Prov. Messina, Monte Soro, 1500 m, 7. vii. 1992, leg. Bruer (all TLMF); 13 ♂, 13 ♀, Tuscany, Cortona, 1. - 10. vii. 2018, leg. B. Wikstroem, GPBW 7929, GPBW 7928, GPBW 7925 (RCBW); 5 ♂, 6 ♀, Tuscany, Montaione, Umbria, mt. Subasio, 1. - 10. vii. 2012, leg. B. Wikstroem (RCBW); 8 ♂, 5 ♀, 43.06.8880, 12.68.0208, Umbria, Assisi, Mt. Subasio, 1280 m a. s. l., 1. - 10. vii. 2015, leg. B. Wikstroem (RCBW). Macedonia. 5 ♂, 40.97234. 20.87707, Ohrid, Galicica, Stenje slope, 1206 m a. s. l., 20. - 25. vi. 2015, leg. B. Wikstroem (RCBW). Portugal. 1 ♂, Tras-os-Montes, R. Tua, Fiolhal, 26. vii. 2006, leg. M. Corley P 8213 (RCMC). Romania. 1 ♀, Orsova, Herkulesbad, 1. ix. 1997, leg. C. Wieser, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 04995; 1 ♀, Dobrogea, Macin mts., Greci, 100 - 300 m, 14. vi. 2006, leg. C. Wieser, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 04996; 1 ♂, Aries valley, Rimetea, 20. vii. 1998, leg. Wieser, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 05000 (all LMK). Russia. 2 ♂, Belgorod Oblast; Borisovka, Makeshkino, Stenki, 503800 ' N 355800 ' E; 3 ♂, Makeshkino, Stenki, 503811 ' N, 374904 ' E; 2 ♂, 27. - 30. vi. 2011, 12. - 14. vii. 2011, 14. - 30. vi. 2013, GPBW 7935, leg. K. - E. Lundsten & B. Wikstroem; 2 ♂, 17. - 23. vi. 2013, leg. K. - E. Lundstroem & B. Wikstroem, 24. - 30. vi. 2013, GPBW 7935; 17. - 23. vi. 2013, leg. K. - E. Lundstroem & B. Wikstroem, 12. - 14. vii. 2011, GPBW 7939 (RCBW); 1 ♂, 503811 ' N, 374904 ' E, (all RCBW). Serbia. 1 ♂, Golubac, 7. vii. 2016, leg. P. Jaksic (TLMF). Slovenia. 1 ♀, Brestovica, Komenskem krasu, 25 - 35 m, 10. vi. 2012, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♀, same data, but 1. vii. 2011; 2 ♂, same data, but 16. vi. 2010; 1 ♂, Presnica, 400 m, 24. vi. 2005; 2 ♂, Smarje pri Jelsah, Podsreda, Cerkev Sv. Marija Zalosti, 310 m, 46 ° 4 ' 9 '' N, 15 ° 35 ' 38 '' E, 13. vi. 2015, leg. B. Wiesmair; 1 ♀, Nanos, 400 m, 18. vii. 1988, leg. H. Deutsch; 1 ♀, same data, but 20. vi. 1995 (all TLMF); 3 ♀, Granska Gora, 28. - 30. v. 2015, leg. B. Wikstroem, GPBW 7936, GPBW 7941, BOLD sample ID: MM 26358 (RCBW). Switzerland. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 46 ° 01 ' N, 8 ° 37 ' E Brissago, vii. 1974, leg. P. Stoecklin, L. Kaila prep. 6295 (MZH); 2 ♂, Ticino, Mergoscia, Casa Naef, 720 m, 10. viii. 1971, leg. R. Mueller (TLMF). Ukraine. 1 spec., Donetsk region, Lyman (DON) with Torsko, 20. - 23. vi. 1919, BOLD sample ID: MM 26688, leg. Zhakov, A. (RCBW); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Zaparohye region, Melitopol district, with. Danilo-Ivanivka, 7. viii. 2019, leg. A. Zhakov (RCBW); 1 ♀, m city of Zaparozhyd, Khortytsia island. 2. viii. 2019, leg. A. Zhakov (RCBW).	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
7D3CE9E7989B5FB9B9D23C84D2F99C4E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pyralis regalis is in general appearance darker than other European species; especially the hindwings are more intermixed with dark grey, sometimes also with purple to a varying extent, though never as strongly as in P. cardinalis. In the hindwings, in particular, the outer third is markedly purple in P. cardinalis, but usually dark grey in appearance in P. regalis. Hindwings of P. kacheticalis are dark only in the basal third. In P. sagarrai they are dark only in the basal and medial thirds, the purple tinge is lacking in both these species. Genital characteristics between males are noted in the key, and in the diagnosis of P. cardinalis above.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
7D3CE9E7989B5FB9B9D23C84D2F99C4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in South Europe at least to Austria and Switzerland in the north. As the southwestern limit of the distribution range of P. cardinalis is not very far from the closest records of P. regalis the identity of some records from, e. g., Germany, require re-examination. Pyralis regalis and P. cardinalis are sympatric at least in Russia: Belgorod.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
E6B676B9710E552EB79E3D3F532B3D00.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. France. 14 ♂, 7 ♀, 42 ° 8 ' 39 '' N, 2 ° 18 ' 39 '' E, 950 m a. s. l., Pyrenees or. Jujols, 17. vi. 2017, leg. J. Junnilainen, GPBW 7938, GPBW 8144 (RCJJ, 1 ♀ with genital slide L. Kaila prep 6301 in MZH, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 357); 10 ♂, 3 ♀, 42 ° 33 ' 32 ' N, 2 ° 16 ' 36 '' E, Olette, 650 m a. s. l., 17. vi. 2017, leg. J. Junnilainen, GPBW 7938, GPBW 8142, GPBW 8143, GPBW 8148 (RCJJ); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 40 ° 49 ' N, 2 ° 27 ' 55 " E, Perpignan Salsenes, 0 m a. s. l., 18. vi. 2017, leg. J. Junnilainen (RCJJ); 1 ♂, 42 ° 23 ' N, 2 ° 00 ' E Osseja, Route Forestiere, 1850 m a. s. l., 29. vi. 2003, leg. J. Junnilainen (RCJJ). Portugal. 1 ♂, 39 ° 18 ' 36 '' N, 7 ° 21 ' 43 '' W, Portalegre, Alto Alentejo, Sao Mamede, 8. vii. 1973, leg. P. Grotenfelt, http: // id. luomus. fi / HV. 356 (MZH); 1 ♂, Tras-os-Montes, Serra da Coroa, Moimenta, 6. ix. 2002, leg. M. Corley P 6650; 1 ♂, Tras-os-Montes, Boticas, Beca, 23. ix. 2003, leg. M. Corley P 7106 (both RCMC). Spain. 1 ♀, 40 ° 95 ' 12 '' N, 1 ° 08 ' 16 '' E, Aragon, Teruel, Olalle, 1300 m a. s. l., 24. vi. 2017 leg. J. Junnilainen (RCJJ); 1 ♀, 39 ° 52.56 ' N, 00 ° 22.94 ' W, Prov. Valencia, Sierra d'Espadan, SE Almedjar, Mosquera, 600 m, 19. v. 2004, leg. P. Huemer; 3 ♂, 7 ♀, Prov. Girona, Vidreras, 6. - 15. vi. 1993, leg. J. Wimmer; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 42 ° 09.23 ' N, 00 ° 43.49 ' E, Prov. Lleida, Puente de Montanana, 670 m, 15. vii. 2012, leg. P. Huemer & T. Mayr, BOLD sample ID: TLMF Lep 08576, BOLD sample ID: 08577 (all in TLMF).	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
E6B676B9710E552EB79E3D3F532B3D00.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distal area of the hindwing is distinctly pale without a purple tinge, and the hindwing in general is also somewhat paler than in P. regalis. In P. kacheticalis only the basal third of the hindwing is pale. The phallus is similarly coarsely granulose as in P. regalis and the externally quite different P. perversalis, the vesica of which is devoid of a cornutus. There is a distinctive spine-like cornutus in the vesica of P. sagarrai, P. kacheticalis and P. cardinalis, and a minute one in P. regalis; it is considerably smaller in P. sagarrai than in P. kacheticalis and P. cardinalis, and basally distinctly formed as a fusion of smaller spines, while the cornutus is entirely smooth in the other species; in P. cardinalis there is another, smaller and curved cornutus as well. The caecum of the phallus is wider, and joined with an obtuse angle to the distal part of phallus, which is a diagnostic difference with P. regalis. This difference, however, is easily hidden depending on the position of the phallus. The female of P. sagarrai seems to be readily differentiated from P. regalis as having a long and evenly widening ductus bursae that joins the corpus bursae without limit. Together with the diagnostic external characters, the differences in the female genitalia and the significant difference in the barcodes we consider this taxon to merit status of a valid species even though the female genital differences are not firmly established. The separation of this species from P. princeps and P. joannisi is explained in the key.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
E6B676B9710E552EB79E3D3F532B3D00.taxon	distribution	Distribution. France, Portugal, Spain.	en	Wikstroem, Bo, Huemer, Peter, Mutanen, Marko, Tyllinen, Juha, Kaila, Lauri (2020): Pyralis cardinalis, a charismatic new species related to P. regalis [Denis & Schiffermueller], 1775, first recognized in Finland (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 43: 337-364, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.43.54916
