taxonID	type	description	language	source
102B87CBFF84256BFD61FBA6FDC0FE8E.taxon	description	FOSSIL SUBFAMILIES INCLUDED. — Carinocarcinoidinae Karasawa & Kato, 2003 (family status in Karasawa & Schweitzer [2006]). Icriocarcininae Števčić, 2005 (questionable subfamily status).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF84256BFD61FBA6FDC0FE8E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE GENUS. — Goneplax Leach, 1814.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF84256BFD61FBA6FDC0FE8E.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS (Goneplacinae [including Carcinoplacinae, but excluding Euryplacinae Stimpson, 1871 and Mathildellinae Karasawa & Kato, 2003]). — Carapace transversely rectangular, subquadrate, or trapezoidal; front narrow to wide, typically lamellar, straight. Dorsal surface smooth. Varying number of anterolateral teeth posterior to outer orbital angle (sometimes none but typically 1 or 2). Notch between frontal margin, inner edge of supraorbital border slight in some species. Orbits moderately to conspicuously wide, long; fissure in supraorbital border absent. Eye peduncle of varying length; cornea round to elongated. Antennules fold transversely, separated by septum (septum absent in Neommatocarcinus). Basal antennal article short to relatively long, subcylindrical; lying freely in orbital hiatus, not reaching front. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6 interrupted medially, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted medially or complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Prolongation of male episternite 7 present; thoracic sternite 7 laterally covered with thoracic sternite 8; thoracic sternite 8 without supplementary plate, portions of varying size left visible or covered by abdomen. Cheliped (P 1) fingers varying from dark to light in colour; ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) compressed. Male abdomen with 6 freely articulated somites plus telson (somites 3 - 5 fused for total of 4 somites plus telson in Neommatocarcinus); narrower than sternum, somite 3 being narrower than thoracic sternite 7; fills space between coxae of P 5; telson typically slightly longer than wide. Abdomen-locking mechanism with medium-size button on edge of thoracic sternite 5 pairing with shallow socket on underside (ventral surface) of abdominal somite 6. Male opening coxal, with soft, free penis arising directly from P 5 coxa (sclerified proximal portion in Neommatocarcinus) but coxosternal condition since protected for short distance and in varying degrees by sternum. G 1 slender or stout. G 2 long, typically with long flagellum (short in some species). Female abdomen with 6 freely articulated somites plus telson; locking mechanism of immature individuals consisting of medium-size button on edge of thoracic sternite 5; vulva of varying size, shape on thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover present in some species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF84256BFD61FBA6FDC0FE8E.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The differing views on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the taxa in question basically stem from disagreements on the relative importance of particular characters. Obviously needed is a comprehensive and rigorous revision that includes morphological as well as molecular and larval characters. As far as morphological characters are concerned, stress should be placed on biologically significant structures such as those directly involved in reproduction, as in the case of the external reproductive structures (see Reproductive structures and the taxonomy of the Goneplacidae, p. 755). There is, however, very limited information on the larval development of goneplacids, knowledge that has so far shed little light on the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa comprising the family (see Rice 1980: 337, 354; Wear & Fielder 1985: 62). The same can be said about the molecular characterizations of goneplacids. A comprehensive revision of the taxa included here as comprising the Goneplacidae (i. e. Goneplacinae [including Carcinoplacinae]) may ultimately show that some or all of these taxa are perhaps best treated as independent families under the superfamily Goneplacoidea, an arrangement already followed by d’Udekem d’Acoz (1999), and in part by Števčić (2005) and Karasawa & Schweitzer (2006), who raised the Goneplacinae to family status (see Remarks for subfamily Goneplacinae below). The question of which taxa actually make up the Goneplacidae is unfortunately not as “ simple ” as indicated by Števčić (2005: 138). Not all taxa included in his conception of the family share, for instance, the interrupted sternal sutures 4 / 5 to 7 / 8 and the “ long G 2 ” as stated. The presence of additional, strong synapomorphies should clearly establish, or challenge, the monophyly of the family. The subfamily Euryplacinae is treated here as a family independent of the Goneplacidae, a status previously suggested by Guinot (1969 b) and followed by Števčić (2005) and Karasawa & Schweitzer (2006). Prominent among its diagnostic characters are the conspicuously narrow male abdomen, slender and long G 1, and short G 2 (see Ng & Castro 2007). Table 2 summarizes the most important diagnostic characters of the Euryplacidae in comparison with those of the subfamilies of the Goneplacidae sensu stricto, including the Carcinoplacinae, which is treated here as part of the Goneplacinae.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF8B2569FF27FE7FFCAEF97B.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace transversely rectangular, quadrate, subcircular, or trapezoidal; front narrow to wide, lamellar, straight, rarely marked by median notch or projection. Dorsal surface smooth or marked with variously distinct regions. Single anterolateral tooth posterior to outer orbital angle, sometimes obsolete. Notch between frontal margin, inner edge of supraorbital border typically slight. Orbits moderately to conspicuously wide, fissure typically absent. Eye peduncles of varying length; cornea round to elongated. Antennules fold transversely. Basal antennal article short to relatively long, subcylindrical; lying freely in orbital hiatus, not reaching front. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6 interrupted medially, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted medially or complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Prolongation of male episternite 7 present; thoracic sternite 7 laterally covered with thoracic sternite 8; thoracic sternite 8 without supplementary plate, portions of varying size left visible or not by abdomen. Cheliped (P 1) fingers varying from dark to light in colour; ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) compressed. Male abdomen with 6 freely articulated somites plus telson; narrower than sternum, somite 3 being narrower than thoracic sternite 7; telson slightly longer than wide. Abdominal-locking mechanism with medium-size button on edge of thoracic sternite 5 pairing with shallow socket on underside (ventral surface) of abdominal somite 6. Male opening coxal, with soft, free penis arising directly from P 5 coxa but protected by sternum for a short distance (coxosternal condition). G 1 slender or stout, typically with truncated tip. G 2 long, typically with long flagellum (short in a few species). Female abdomen with 6 freely articulated somites plus telson; locking mechanism with medium-size button on edge of thoracic sternite 5 in immature individuals; vulva of varying size on thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover may be present.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF8B2569FF27FE7FFCAEF97B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS As part of the Goneplacidae sensu Balss 1957, the subfamilies Goneplacinae and Carcinoplacinae were traditionally separated by the shape of their respective carapaces. The typical carcinoplacine carapace, represented by Carcinoplax, is subquadrate, with orbits that are not excessively elongated (or “ normal ”) so that the widest breath of the carapace is at the level of the anterolateral borders, a shape often referred to as “ xanthoid ”. In contrast, the typical goneplacine carapace, as in Goneplax, is transversely rectangular and has its widest breadth typically at the level of the outer orbital angles as a result of conspicuously elongated orbits to accommodate long eye peduncles. An almost identical goneplacine carapace also appears among some members of the Euryplacidae (such as Frevillea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, and Trapezioplax Guinot, 1969), clearly not members of the Goneplacinae as evidenced by the morphology of their respective male abdomens, G 1, and vulvae (see discussion of Psopheticoides Sakai, 1969, p. 620). As in other groups of brachyuran crabs, carapace shape is not always a reliable synapomorphy. Guinot (1971: 1081, footnote) precisely explained that the separation between Carcinoplacinae and Goneplacinae was more a matter of convenience and that the distinction between the two taxa “ ne sera peut-être pas justifiée dans une classification peu découpée ”. Although the morphometry of the carapace conveniently separates some genera, carapace shape and the relative length of the orbits are clearly intermediate between the two extremes in the case of Psopheticus Wood-Mason, 1892 and Exopheticus n. gen. The absence of a clear distinction among other characters, such as the morphology of the male abdomen and its relation to the thoracic sternum, and the morphology of the G 1 and vulva, do not support the traditional dichotomy (see Table 2).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF8F2572FF34FA42FCA8FD11.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES (of Curtonotus). — Cancer (Curtonotus) longimana de Haan, 1833 (subsequent designation by Glaessner [1929]; gender feminine). EXTANT SPECIES INCLUDED. — Carcinoplax abyssicola (Miers, 1886); C. confragosa Rathbun, 1914; C. cracens n. sp.; C. inaequalis (Yokoya, 1933); C. indica Doflein, 1904; C. ischurodous (Stebbing, 1923); C. longimana (de Haan, 1833); C. longipes (Wood-Mason, 1891); C. monodi Guinot, 1989; C. nana Guinot, 1989; C. purpurea Rathbun, 1914; C. sinica Chen, 1984; C. specularis Rathbun, 1914; C. spinosissima Rathbun, 1914; C. tenuidentata n. sp.; C. tomentosa Sakai, 1969; C. tuberosa n. sp.; C. velutina n. sp. All species are restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region; some also found in subtemperate areas contiguous to the Indo-West Pacific region. FOSSIL SPECIES INCLUDED (Karasawa & Kato [2003 b]). — Carcinoplax antiqua (Ristori, 1889); C. granulimanus Karasawa & Inoue, 1992; C. imperfecta Karasawa & Inoue, 1992; C. mongosungi Hu & Tao, 1985; C. proavita (Glaessner, 1960); C. prisca Imaizumi, 1961; C. sp. aff. C. purpurea Rathbun, 1914 (Karasawa & Kato 2003 b); C. shukumi Hu & Tao, 1985; C. temikoensis Feldmann & Maxwell, 1990; C. thongi Hu & Tao, 1985; C. tsengi Hu & Tao, 1996; Carcinoplax sp. (Feldmann & Keyes 1992); Carcinoplax sp. (Karasawa 1997); Carcinoplax sp. (Kato 1996).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF8F2572FF34FA42FCA8FD11.taxon	description	SPECIES NOT INCLUDED IN CARCINOPLAX. — Carcinoplax angusta Rathbun, 1914 (in yet undescribed genus in the family Euryplacidae; see Remarks).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF8F2572FF34FA42FCA8FD11.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace transversely rectangular, wider than long, or quadrate, only slightly wider than long; widest at junction of anterolateral, posterolateral borders; front lamellar, straight, very rarely marked by slight median notch or projection (in C. confragosa). Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border distinct, very slight, or absent; orbits narrow, not expanded distally; supraorbital borders slightly sinuous; suborbital borders rounded, with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders convex. Dorsal surface of carapace typically smooth (slight horizontal ridges in some species), moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with tooth, elongated prominence, or unarmed; 2 (3 in rare cases when outer orbital tooth detached from outer orbital angle is included; one in C. ischurodous) anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace (no teeth in large specimens of few species). Basal antennal article short, slender, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles short, much shorter than front (0.2 - 0.3 front width); cornea spherical, only slightly expanded distally. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted medially (Fig. 1). Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers moderately slender or thick, shorter than propodus, darker in colour in most species; carpus with tooth on inner margin. Dorsal margins of meri, carpi, propodi of ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) unarmed (except P 2 merus of C. spinosissima); dactyli slender, smooth, setose. Male abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, narrowly triangular, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson about as long as wide. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than or as narrow as somite 3 so that somites 1, 2 leave small, often triangular portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible (Guinot 1969 b: fig. 61; 1989: fig. 2; Hsueh & Huang 2002: figs 7 B, 9 C, 10 B), or somite 2 much narrower than somite 3 leaving a larger portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible (C. monodi; see Guinot 1969 b: fig. 65, as C. indica; Guinot 1989: fig. 3). G 1 long, slender, thin, straight or slightly sinuous, only slightly broadened proximally; truncated or pointed, thin tip. G 2 slender, slightly longer than or as long as G 1, flagellum shorter than proximal part (peduncle), slightly-expanded tip with 1 or 2 (rarely 3) spinules. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freelymovable somites, wide. Telson wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3 so that somites 1, 2 leave small, often triangular portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible, or somite 2 as wide as somite 3 so that thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature females (Fig. 1) greatly expanded, extending from suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7, covered by soft membrane, vulvar cover absent.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF8F2572FF34FA42FCA8FD11.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The history of the genus Carcinoplax was summarized by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 62) and Guinot (1989: 267). The genus was described as Curtonotus by de Haan (1833) for Curtonotus longimanus and C. vestitus (= Entricoplax vestita n. comb.), both from Japan. Curtonotus was preoccupied and consequently replaced by Carcinoplax by H. Milne Edwards (1852: 164). Additional species were described, which were progressively listed by Tesch (1918) and Balss (1957). The status of some of the species remained questionable, mostly because of changes in the shape of the carapace and the size of the chelipeds (P 1) with age. Barnard (1950: 287), for instance, doubted the validity of the seven species from the Philippine Is described by Rathbun (1914). Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 63) commented on the status of some of the species and gave a key to 17 species, of which seven do not belong to Carcinoplax sensu stricto, one (C. verdensis Rathbun, 1914) proved to be a junior synonym of another (C. specularis Rathbun, 1914), and a ninth species (C. angusta Rathbun, 1914) actually belongs in another family. The heterogeneous nature of the genus was recognized by earlier workers. Sakai (1969: 269) recognized three groups among the 17 species he listed but solely based on the morphology of the orbits and the anterolateral teeth. This was a very artificial grouping since species with very different G 1, G 2, male abdomens, and vulvae were placed together in the same groups. Guinot (1969 b: 524) similarly recognized three groups (plus the unique status of some species), which were different from those of Sakai (1969). Although far more significant characters such as the G 1, male abdomens, and thoracic sternites were considered, it was concluded that it was premature to create sub-generic or other taxa (“ catégories sousgénériques ou autres ”) for the genus since several species had not been examined by her. Guinot (1989) made the only revision of the genus so far, listing a total of 28 species, seven of which were not examined. The status of several species described under Carcinoplax nevertheless remained problematic. Serène & Vadon (1981: 127) listed two unidentified species that presumably were new. Their Carcinoplax sp. A appears to indeed belong in Carcinoplax based on their description of the G 1. Carcinoplax sp. B, however, most probably belonged in Pycnoplax n. gen. because, as pointed out (Serène & Vadon 1981: 127), the G 1 was of the same type as that of C. bispinosa Rathbun, 1914 (= Pycnoplax bispinosa n. comb.) and C. surugensis Rathbun, 1932 (= P. surugensis n. comb.). No “ Carcinoplax sp. A and B ” specimens could be found in the MNHN collections.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF912577FD59FA03FDD0FCB4.taxon	description	155 [in list], 156 [in key], 156 [Indonesia]. — Serène 1968: 90 [in list]. — Guinot 1969 b: 526 [discussion]; 1971: 1081 [in list]. — Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: 62 [in list], 65 [in key].	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF912577FD59FA03FDD0FCB4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Challenger, stn 173, ♂ holotype, cl 8.2 mm, cw 10.0 mm (BMNH 84.31). TYPE LOCALITY. — Fiji, 576 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Fiji. Challenger, stn 173, 576 m, ♂ holotype, cl 8.2 mm, cw 10.0 mm (BMNH 84.31).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF912577FD59FA03FDD0FCB4.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Fiji (Miers 1886) and questionably Indonesia (North Maluku, Kai Is [Tesch 1918]). Depth: 397 - 984 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF912577FD59FA03FDD0FCB4.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Guinot (1969 b: 526, as Pilumnoplax abyssicola) commented on the position of C. abyssicola, suggesting its position in Carcinoplax sensu lato rather than in the original conception of the genus (“ Carcinoplax sensu stricto ”). The species was included in Carcinoplax in a later revision, however (Guinot 1989).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF972577FF18FC59FC63FAF8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Albatross, stn 5420, ♀ holotype, cl 38.3 mm, cw 44.9 mm (USNM 46153). TYPE LOCALITY. — Philippine Islands, between Cebu and Bohol, 09 ° 49 ’ N, 123 ° 45 ’ E, 232 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. Between Cebu and Bohol, Albatross, stn 5420, 09 ° 49 ’ N, 123 ° 45 ’ E, 232 m, 25. III. 1909, ♀ holotype (USNM 46153). South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 51, 13 ° 49 ’ N, 120 ° 04 ’ E, 170 - 200 m, 25. III. 1976, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10069).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF972577FF18FC59FC63FAF8.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Philippine Is and Indonesia (Makassar Strait) (see Guinot 1989). Depth: 170 - 232 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF972577FF18FC59FC63FAF8.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Unique among the species of Carcinoplax is the presence of a front that has a slight median notch (see Guinot 1989: fig. 17). Also characteristic is the presence of thick granules on the dorsal surface of the chelipeds (P 1) and carapace, particularly the anterior and anterolateral margins. The granules, however, become less noticeable with size although they remain visible along the anterior margin. The morphology of the G 1 also departs slightly from the typical G 1 of Carcinoplax, the tip being elongated and slender (see Guinot 1989: fig. 29). The Vietnam material identified as C. confragosa by Zarenkov (1972: 241, fig. 7 - 1) clearly does not belong to this species. As previously noted by Guinot (1989: 91), there are clear differences between the three acute anterolateral teeth, which are directed outwards in the Vietnam specimen (shorter, blunt tip, directed anteriorly in C. confragosa), the slen- der and acute teeth of the P 1 (shorter, blunt in C. confragosa), the complete front (with a median notch in C. confragosa), and the broad tip of the G 1 of Zarenkov’s specimen (pointed and slender in C. confragosa). All of these characters are diagnostic of C. indica Doflein, 1904. A female from the South China Sea identified by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 67, figs 174, 175, pl. 16, fig. A) as C. confragosa does not belong to this species. It is perhaps an unidentified xanthid (Guinot 1989: 291).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF97257AFC9DFA82FDD0FD12.taxon	description	(Figs 2; 3)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF97257AFC9DFA82FDD0FD12.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — SMIB 5, stn DW 94, ♂ holotype, cl 18.9 mm, cw 25.6 mm (MNHN-B 29430); preadult ♀ paratype, cl 7.0 mm, cw 11.2 mm (MNHN-B 29816). — Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 100 - 300 m, ♂ paratype, cl 13.5 mm, cw 19.4 mm (MNHN-B 29721); 3 ♀♀ paratypes (cl 15.2 mm, cw 21.3 mm; cl 15.0 mm, cw 10.8 mm; cl 18.4 mm, cw 25.0 mm) (MNHN-B 29721). TYPE LOCALITY. — New Caledonia, off southeastern coast, 22 ° 19.6 ’ S, 168 ° 42.8 ’ E, 275 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Taiwan. TAIWAN 2000, stn DW 5, 22 ° 40.5 ’ N, 119 ° 56.5 ’ E, 213 - 236 m, 27. VII. 2000, 1 ♀ (MMBA). Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen of local fishermen, 50 - 500 m, 28. XI. 2001, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2001.0527). — 200 - 300 m, VI. 2002, 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 ovig. ♀♀ (ZRC 2002.0653), 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2002.0649). — 50 - 500 m, III. 2004, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2004.0767). — V. 2004, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0768). — Panglao I., Maribohoc Bay, tangle nets of local fishermen, 100 - 300 m, T. J. Arbasto coll., XI. 2003 - IV. 2004, 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29721). — Panglao I., north coast, tangle nets of local fishermen, T. J. Arbasto coll., VII. 2004 - V. 2005, 1 ♂ parasitised by sacculinid (ZRC 2006.0218).? Indonesia. Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 49, 07 ° 59 ’ S, 132 ° 58 ’ E, 209 - 206 m, 29. X. 1991, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN- B 30056). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 2, stn DW 2255, 08 ° 07.7 ’ S, 157 ° 02.1 ’ E, 185 - 196 m, 3. XI. 2004, 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 30465). New Caledonia. SMIB 5, stn DW 94, 22 ° 19.6 ’ S, 168 ° 42.8 ’ E, 275 m, 13. IX. 1989, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 29430); 1 pre-adult ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 29816). ETYMOLOGY. — From cracens, Latin for “ slender ” and “ graceful ”, in reference to the long and slender ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) diagnostic of the species. DISTRIBUTION. — Western Pacific Ocean from Taiwan (Ho et al. 2004, as C. inaequalis) to New Caledonia. Depth: 50 - 500 m. DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 3; Ho et al. 2004: fig. 6 G, as Carcinoplax inaequalis) quadrate, slightly wider than long (1.3 as wide as long in holotype), anterolateral borders arched. Carapace convex, with 2 conspicuous, raised horizontal regions extending to lateral borders, anterior one across gastric region, posterior one across cardiac region; 2 spherical, slightly raised regions in central gastric portion of wide groove formed between horizontal ridges. Dorsal surface of carapace granular along anterior (hepatic region) and posterolateral borders; granules conspicuous along posterolateral borders. Front lamellar, straight, margin slightly convex, not marked by median notch. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders sinuous, margins smooth. Suborbital borders with large granules, each border with blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. Large blunt to slightly pointed tooth on outer orbital angle; 2 anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace, first blunt, second curved, acute-tipped. Posterolateral borders arched. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, pterygostomial crest, pterygostomial lobe, merus, ischium of third maxilliped endopod with short, conspicuous granules. Eye peduncles (Fig. 3) short (0.2 front width), distal margin slightly granular, cornea slightly expanded distally. Chelipeds (P 1) nearly equal in males, females, slightly more slender in males; fingers slender, as long as propodus, with cutting edges and broadly Castro P. blunt teeth, more than half of distal portion of fingers dark brown. Broad, curved, acute- to obtuse-tipped tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; smaller, curved, acute-tipped tooth on outer (dorsal), distal margin. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) conspicuously long, slender, smooth; many short simple setae along inner, outer margins of P 5 propodus, dactylus, outer margin of P 5 carpus; P 5 dactylus long, slender, smooth; length of P 5 merus 0.6 cl. Male abdomen narrowly triangular, with 6 freelymovable somites plus telson; telson slightly wider than long, somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae. Somites 1, 2 slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. G 1 (Fig. 2 A) long, slender; straight, slightly pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 2 B) slender, nearly equal or slightly longer than G 1, slightly curved flagellum, tip with spinule at each side. Female abdomen wide. Telson slightly wider than long. Somites 1, 2 cover space between P 5 coxae, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature females greatly expanded, extending from edge of slightly deflected suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7; membrane covers aperture leaving space open along pointed anterior margin. Colour Carapace and chelipeds of recently preserved specimens with thick orange-red bands on a white to light orange-red background; ambulatory legs banded orange-red (see Ho et al. 2004: fig. 6 G, as Carcinoplax inaequalis). REMARKS The examination of part of the type material of C. inaequalis (Yokoya, 1933) (see Remarks of the species below) showed that the Taiwan material identified as belonging to C. inaequalis species by Ho et al. (2004) as well as additional material from the Philippine Is and New Caledonia actually belong to a previously undescribed species. The new species shares many characters with C. inaequalis and C. specularis Rathbun, 1914: similar G 1 and G 2; conspicuous, rounded outer orbital angle; and acute second anterolateral tooth. The walking legs are noticeably longer and more slender in C. cracens n. sp. (Fig. 3) than in both C. inaequalis and C. specularis. The distal end of the merus of the folded P 5 extends well beyond the tip of the second anterolateral tooth, but they extend to just the tip of the tooth in the other two species. The second anterolateral tooth is blunt in C. cracens n. sp. but acute in C. inaequalis and C. specularis. Also characteristic of the new species are the two conspicuous, carina-like horizontal ridges that extend across the carapace along the hepatic and gastric regions. Although not that conspicuous, the ridges may also be observed in C. inaequalis and in large specimens of C. specularis. The low tubercles on the hepatic region of the carapace are larger and hence more conspicuous in C. cracens n. sp. than in the other two species. A small (cl 5.2 mm, cw 6.3 mm), incomplete specimen (P 1 and P 2 - P 4 on one side only) from the Kai Is, Indonesia (MNHN-B 30056) is questionably identified as belonging to the new species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9A257BFF17FCFBFE2FFB16.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ dry lectotype, cl 11.6 mm, cw 15.6 mm (KMNH IvR 100,002); 2 ♀♀ dry paralectotypes (cl 6.6 mm, cw 9.0 mm; cl 6.0 mm, cw 10.0 mm) (KMNH IvR 100,006); 2 ♀♀ dry paralectotypes (cl 7.7 mm, cw 11.0 mm; cl 8.0 mm, cw 11.6 mm) (KMNH IvR 100,004). TYPE LOCALITY. — Japan, Shikoku, northeast of Asizurizaki [Cape Ashizuri], 130 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Honshu, south of Inuboe-zaki [Cape Inuboe], stn 9, 238 m, 22. VI. 1926, 2 ♀♀ paralectotypes (KMNH IvR 100,006). — Off Maisaka, Shizuoka-ken, stn 194, 192 m, 1. VII. 1927, 2 ♀♀ paralectotypes (KMNH IvR 100,004). Shikoku, northeast of Asizuri-zaki [Cape Ashizuri], stn 337, 130 m, 26. VII. 1928, ♂ lectotype (KMNH IvR 100,002).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9A257BFF17FCFBFE2FFB16.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Japan (see Sakai 1976). Depth: 35 - 384 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9A257BFF17FCFBFE2FFB16.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The species was not mentioned by Guinot (1989) in her revision of Carcinoplax but was commented upon in an earlier publication (Guinot 1969 b: 526). The taxonomy of the species was discussed by Ho et al. (2004: 660) but their Taiwan material did not belong to C. inaequalis but to a species being described as new, C. cracens n. sp. (see above). The validity of C. inaequalis and its inclusion in Carcinoplax has been confirmed by the examination of five of the 20 syntype specimens listed in its description (Yokoya 1933: 194). The only male among the specimens examined is designated herein as the lectotype (KMNH IvR 100,002), and the four females as paralectotypes (KMNH IvR 100,004, 100,006). All characters agree with the description including the “ two well-marked transversal carinae; the anterior on the gastric and another on the cardiac region ”, which unfortunately are not indicated in the drawing accompanying the description (Yokoya 1933: 195, fig. 63). The anterolateral teeth are slender, with an acute tip, a character not clearly shown in Yokoya’s drawing. The ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) are relatively short and thick, another character that distinguished C. inaequalis from C. cracens n. sp. (see Remarks for C. cracens n. sp. above).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9A257BFF17FCFBFE2FFB16.taxon	description	The material from Taiwan identified as C. inaequalis by Ho et al. (2004: 660) is characterized by long and slender ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) and is being described as a new species (C. cracens n. sp.). Other differences and similarities between C. inaequalis and C. cracens n. sp. are given in the Remarks section of C. cracens n. sp. (above).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9B2578FF7BFAE5FDEDFB56.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — 4 syntypes, 2 extant ♂♂, Valdivia (ZMB 13606). TYPE LOCALITY. — India, Nicobar Is, 06 ° 54 ’ N, 93 ° 28.8 ’ E, 226 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 21, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 23 ’ E, 223 - 174 m, 21. III. 1976, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10063). Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., 200 - 300 m, tangle nets of local fishermen, XII. 2000, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2001.0363). — 50 - 500 m, 28. XI. 2001, 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (ZRC 2001.0541). — 200 - 300 m, VI. 2002, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2002.0654). — Purchased from fishermen, 25 - 30. VII. 2003, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0749). — 50 - 500 m, III. 2004, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2004.0708). — I. 2004, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0769); II. 2004, 7 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0770). — III. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0771). — 29. V. 2004, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29724). Panglao I., Maribohoc Bay, stn P 2, tangle nets of local fishermen, XI. 2003, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0180). — 100 - 300 m, T. J. Arbasto coll., XI. 2003 - IV. 2004, 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0772). PANGLAO 2004, stn P 1, 09 ° 36.00 ’ N, 123 ° 45.00 ’ E, 150 - 200 m, tangle nets of local fishermen, 7. VII. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29724). — Stn P 5, Pamilacan I., 09 ° 30.00 ’ N, 123 ° 54.60 ’ E, 100 m, tangle nets of local fishermen, 1. VI. 2004, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0773).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9B2578FF7BFAE5FDEDFB56.taxon	description	PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2332, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 38.8 ’ N, 123 ° 45.9 ’ E, 396 - 418 m, 22. V. 2005, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0213). — Stn CP 2406, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 40.6 ’ N, 123 ° 46.8 ’ E, 334 - 387 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♀ parasitised by sacculinids (ZRC 2006.0180).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9B2578FF7BFAE5FDEDFB56.taxon	materials_examined	Indonesia. Tanimbar Is, KARUBAR, stn CP 79, 09 ° 16 ’ S, 131 ° 22 ’ E, 250 - 239 m, 3. XI. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29372). — Stn CP 83, 09 ° 23 ’ S, 131 ° 00 ’ E, 285 - 297 m, 4. XI. 1991, 2 pre-adult ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29389). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1, stn CP 1804, 09 ° 32.0 ’ S, 160 ° 37.4 ’ E, 309 - 328 m, 2. X. 2001, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29398). DISTRIBUTION. — Andaman Sea (Doflein 1904; Davie et al. 2002; Ng & Davie 2002) to the western Pacific Ocean from Taiwan (Ng et al. 2001, Hsueh & Huang 2002) to Vietnam (Zarenkov 1972, as C. confragosa) and the Philippine Is (Guinot 1989), and now Indonesia (Tanimbar Is) and the Solomon Is. Depth: 110 - 418 m. Specimens were also obtained from tangle nets of local fishermen in the Philippines that obtained material from estimated depths of 50 - 500 m. COLOUR. — Many, but not all, preserved specimens have a large red spot on the dorsal surface of the carapace (see Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 8 B). The spot in live individuals is red-brown bordered on each side by a thick, irregular yellow stripe. REMARKS Small adult specimens of C. indica are characterised by an almost quadrate carapace and nearly identical acute outer orbital and anterolateral teeth that give the appearance of a carapace with three anterolateral teeth (Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 6 A). The teeth are much reduced in large individuals and the carapace becomes rounded (Guinot 1989: pl. 1, figs E-H). The teeth nearly disappear and are reduced to slight swellings in the largest individuals. The carapace is smooth except many low, round tubercles on the hepatic region. The specimen described and illustrated by Zarenkov (1972: 241, fig. 7.1) and identified as C. confragosa Rathbun, 1914, clearly belongs to C. indica (see Remarks for C. confragosa above).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF982579FF27FB24FF19FDB0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Geryon ischurodous Stebbing, 1923: ♂ holotype cl 16 mm, cw 26 mm (BMNH 1928.12. I. 104). Carcinoplax eurysternum Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981: ♂ holotype, cl 31.7 mm, cw 47.0 mm (MNHN-B 6835). TYPE LOCALITY. — Geryon ischurodous: South Africa, Durban, 29 ° 51 ’ S, 31 ° 01 ’ E, “ from a coral on the beach ” (Stebbing 1923: 2). Carcinoplax eurysternum: Vanuatu, Loh Toga I., Torres Is, 600 m., A. Intès coll. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Seychelles. CEPROS, stn 1.3, 04 ° 08 ’ S, 56 ° 11.3 ’ E, trap, 580 - 550 m, 20. X. 1987, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 19109). — Transect 2, trap, 800 m, A. Intès coll., 21 - 22. X. 1987, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 19101). — Stn 4.21, 04 ° 45.6 ’ S, 56 ° 38.9 ’ E, trap, 590 - 620 m, 23. X. 1987, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 19111). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 2, stn CP 2184, 08 ° 16.9 ’ S, 159 ° 59.7 ’ E, 464 - 523 m, 23. X. 2004, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30067). — Stn CP 2213, 07 ° 38.7 ’ S, 157 ° 42.9 ’ E, 495 - 650 m, 26. X. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30099). — Stn CP 2248, 07 ° 42.5 ’ S, 156 ° 24.8 ’ E, 650 - 673 m, 1. XI. 2004, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30098). Vanuatu. Loh Toga I., Torres Is, 600 m., A. Intès coll., ♂ holotype of C. eurysternum (MNHN-B 6835). BOA 1, stn CP 2462, 16 ° 37.5 ’ S, 167 ° 57.4 ’ E, 618 - 641 m, 13. IX. 2005, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30090). — Stn CP 2471, 16 ° 22.8 ’ S, 167 ° 50.4 ’ E, 591 - 627 m, 14. IX. 2005, 1 preadult ♀ (MNHN-B 30131). New Caledonia. BIOCAL, stn DW 106, 21 ° 35.82 ’ S, 166 ° 29.26 ’ E, 650 m, 8. IX. 1985, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 16571). BIOGOECAL, stn CP 232, 21 ° 33.81 ’ S, 166 ° 27.07 ’ E, 760 - 790 m, 12. IV. 1987, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 20619). BATHUS 1, stn CP 663, 20 ° 58.7 ’ S, 165 ° 38.3 ’ E, 730 - 780 m, 13. III. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29357). — Stn CP 709, 21 ° 41.78 ’ S, 166 ° 37.88 ’ E, 650 - 800 m, 19. III. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29306). BATHUS 3, stn CC 848, 23 ° 02 ’ S, 166 ° 53 ’ E, 680 - 700 m, 1. XII. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29305). Tonga. BORDAU 2, stn CP 1528, 21 ° 14 ’ S, 174 ° 59 ’ W, 587 - 592 m, 3. VI. 2000, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29370). — Stn CP 1640, 21 ° 09 ’ S, 175 ° 24 ’ W, 564 - 569 m, 21. VI. 2000, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29553). DISTRIBUTION. — Across the Indo-West Pacific region from South Africa (Barnard 1950) to the southwestern Pacific Ocean (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 a). Recorded here for the first time from the Seychelles, Solomon Is, New Caledonia, and Tonga. Depth: 464 - 800 m. REMARKS Carcinoplax ischurodous is unique among the species of Carcinoplax sensu stricto in having only one anterolateral tooth on each side of the rounded carapace. The outer orbital angle, however, is in the form of an acute, anteriorly-oriented tooth. A round carapace with small or no anterolateral teeth at all is restricted to large specimens of C. indica, C. longimana, C. monodi, and C. purpurea. Nevertheless, a relatively narrow male abdomen, slender and thin G 1, greatly expanded vulva, and absence of a vulvar cover clearly establish the inclusion of C. ischurodous in Carcinoplax (see Manning & Holthuis 1988). Guinot (1989: 314) included the species (as C. eurysternum) in a list of eight “ non-revised ” species of Carcinoplax in which only C. ischurodous proved not to belong to other genera.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF99257EFF2EFD5BFC11FDF0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Andaman Is, 403 - 439 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — India. Travancore coast, stn 232, 07 ° 17.5 ’ N, 76 ° 54.5 ’ E, Investigator, A. Alcock det., Indian Museum leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (USNM 46291). — Off Travancore coast, 787 m, Indian Museum leg., 1 ♀ (BMNH 1955.4.4.5). Philippine Islands. South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 50, 13 ° 49 ’ N, 120 ° 02 ’ E, 415 - 510 m, 25. III. 1976, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10140). MUSORSTOM 2, stn CP 36, 13 ° 31 ’ N, 121 ° 24 ’ E, 569 - 595 m, 24. XI. 1980, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10377), 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29832), 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29831), 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29825). — Stn CP 44, 13 ° 23 ’ N, 122 ° 21 ’ E, 760 - 820 m, 26. XI. 1980, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 10269). — Stn CP 46, 13 ° 26 ’ N, 122 ° 17 ’ E, 445 - 520 m, 26. XI. 1980, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10264). — Stn CP 82, 13 ° 46 ’ N, 120 ° 28 ’ E, 550 m, 2. XII. 1980, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 11578).? Off Mindoro, Albatross, stn 5123, 13 ° 12 ’ N, 121 ° 38 ’ E, 517 m, 2. II. 1908, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 17729). Visayan Sea, MUSORSTOM 3, CP 143, 11 ° 29 ’ N, 124 ° 11 ’ E, 205 - 214 m, 7. VI. 1985, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN- B 16936). DISTRIBUTION. — Southern India (Alcock 1899), Andaman Sea (Wood-Mason & Alcock 1891; Doflein 1904), and the Philippine Is (Guinot 1989). Depth: 205 - 820 m. REMARKS Examination of two specimens from southern India originally at the Indian Museum (female, cl 11.9 mm, cw 15.1 mm, pre-adult male, cl 8.5 mm, cw 11.4 mm; USNM 46291) allowed Guinot (1989: 303, fig. 26, pl. 10, figs A-C) to redescribe the species, but the description was based only on the female specimen. The second specimen, a pre-adult male, however, showed the most important characters outlined by Guinot for the female. It differed from the female in having only a slightly raised margin between the orbital margin and the first anterolateral tooth instead of a well defined rectangular tooth. The anterolateral teeth were thinner and more spiniform than those of the female. The G 1 is thin and slender, the G 2 slightly longer than the G 1 and with two triangular spinules at the tip. The vulva of the female specimen was greatly enlarged, covered by a soft membrane except along the anterior margin, and occupying the whole breadth of thoracic sternite 6, all of which are characters shared by the species of Carcinoplax sensu stricto. The ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) were long and relatively slender in both specimens so that the distal end of the merus of the folded P 5 reached the tip of the second anterolateral tooth. The ambulatory legs of the female illustrated by Alcock & Anderson (1895: pl. 14, fig. 7), however, are not as long as in the Indian Ocean specimens examined here. A photograph of a male from the Zoological Survey of India indicated as a cotype (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: pl. 14, fig. D), however, shows the long and slender ambulatory legs characteristic of the species. Guinot (1989: 305) described a specimen from the Philippine Is (male, cl 18.2 mm, cw 25.0 mm; MNHN-B 10377) that showed some differences from the Indian Ocean specimens of C. longipes. It was listed separately as Carcinoplax aff. longipes (Guinot 1989: 305, figs 27, 35, pl. 10, figs D-F). The carapace of the Philippine Is specimen was found to be, as correctly pointed out by Guinot (1989), slightly less inflated than the Indian Ocean material of C. longipes, having a smooth dorsal surface (short tomentum in C. longipes), smooth chelipeds (P 1) (distinct granules on the dorsal surface of the propodus and dactylus in C. longipes), and a distinct hook-like shape of the first anterolateral teeth (shorter, straighter in C. longipes). Another difference is that the P 1 - P 5 appeared longer and thicker in the Philippine Is specimen than in C. longipes. The differences, however, were not measurable: P 5 merus length 0.7 cl and P 5 merus width 0.2 cl in both populations. Two additional specimens from the Philippine Is (♂, cl 15.2 mm, cw 21.2 mm, MNHN-B 10140; ♀, cl 12.3 mm, cw 17.6 mm, MNHN-B 11578) were found by Guinot (1989) to be intermediate between the Indian specimens and Carcinoplax aff. longipes. They were referred to as “ Carcinoplax sp. (aff. longipes) ” (Guinot 1989: 305, pl. 10, fig. G). The dorsal surface of the carapace of both specimens had a short tomentum as in C. longipes but the second anterolateral teeth were more incurved as in C. aff. longipes. The most significant difference between the specimens from the Philippine Is and the two from the Indian Ocean that were examined is that the outer orbital angle was in the form of a distinct triangular tooth in the Philippine Is specimens, higher and therefore more conspicuous than in the Indian Ocean specimens. The examination of additional material from the Philippine Is has shown that the specimens previously identified by Guinot (1989) as Carcinoplax aff. longipes and Carcinoplax sp. (aff. longipes) be- long to C. longipes based on a comparison with the available Indian material. The records of C. longipes from Japan by Sakai (1969, 1976) remain questionable since no illustrations were given and his specimens could not be examined, but the photograph of Ikeda (1998: 135, pl. 55) of Japanese material confirms it as C. specularis Rathbun, 1914. The illustration of C. longipes by Chen (1984: fig. 6) shows that her specimen from the East China Sea most probably belongs instead to C. specularis.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9E257FFD4DFD9AFE3BFBD5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Mission R. Ph. Dollfus en Égypte, stn 2, ♂ holotype, cl 21.4 mm, cw 30.6 mm (MNHN-B 10272); 1 ♂ paratype, cl 17.8 mm, cw 25.1 mm (MNHN-B 10378); 1 pre-adult ♀ paratype, cl 8.5 mm, cw 13.0 mm (MNHN-B 10274); 3 ♂♂ paratypes (MNHN-B 10273). TYPE LOCALITY. — Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, 29 ° 35 ’ - 29 ° 48 ’ N, 32 ° 30 ’ - 32 ° 32 ’ E, 36 - 55 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Red Sea. Mission R. Ph. Dollfus en Égypte, stn 2, 29 ° 35 ’ - 29 ° 48 ’ N, 32 ° 30 ’ - 32 ° 32 ’ E, 36 - 55 m, 24. XI. 1928, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 10272). — Stn 24, 33 ° 41 ’ - 33 ° 45 ’ N, 27 ° 48 ’ - 27 ° 55 ’ E, 68 - 80 m, 30. XII. 1928, 1 pre-adult ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 10378). — Stn 35, 29 ° 38 ’ - 29 ° 45 ’ N, 32 ° 31 ’ - 32 ° 33 ’ E, 40 - 50 m, 26. I. 1929, 1 ♂ paratype (MNHN-B 10378). John Murray Expedition, stn A, 29 ° 17.00 ’ N, 32 ° 43.00 ’ E, 65 - 68 m, 6. IX. 1933, 1 ♀ (BMNH 1984.245).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9E257FFD4DFD9AFE3BFBD5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the Red Sea (see Guinot 1989). Depth: 36 - 562 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9E257FFD4DFD9AFE3BFBD5.taxon	discussion	REMARKS As in C. longimana and a few other Carcinoplax species, the carapace of C. monodi is globose and the anterolateral teeth disappear with increased carapace size. The first anterolateral tooth, however, is not well developed even in small individuals (Guinot 1989: fig. 9 A-C). The carapace shape and the size and shape of the anterolateral teeth are similar to those of C. purpurea Rathbun, 1914, with which it has been confused in the past. Diagnostic of C. purpurea, however, is a purple-red band along the carapace from the front to the posterior border (see Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 8 C). Carcinoplax purpurea is found in the western Pacific Ocean, whereas C. monodi lacks the purple-red band and is so far known only from the Red Sea. Unusual for a species of Carcinoplax is the large area of thoracic sternite 8 that is left exposed by the male abdomen (see Guinot 1969 b: fig. 65; 1989: fig. 3). A relatively small female variously identified as C. purpurea Rathbun, 1914 (Balss 1929: 24), Carcinoplax sp. 2 (Türkay 1986: 162), and Carcinoplax sp. (aff. monodi) (Guinot 1989: fig. 10, pl. 3, figs I-K) most probably belongs to C. monodi, an identification that should be verified when additional material becomes available.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9F257CFF73FBA7FF11FC93.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — MUSORSTOM 2, stn 34, ♂ holotype, cl 13.0 mm, cw 15.2 mm (MNHN-B 10136); 2 ♂♂ paratypes (cl 13.8 mm, cw 18.0 mm; cl 8.0 mm, cw 10.5 mm) (MNHN-B 10126); 4 ♂♂ paratypes (cl 20.2 mm, cw 26.4 mm; cl 15.2 mm, cw 19.8 mm; cl 15.3 mm, cw 19.8 mm; cl 11.1 mm, cw 14.5 mm), 2 pre-adult ♂♂ paratypes (cl 11.0 mm, cw 14.0 mm; cl 7.8 mm, cw 10.2 mm), 3 pre-adult ♀♀ paratypes (cl 12.2 mm, cw 16.0 mm; cl 8.8 mm, cw 11.4 mm; cl 7.1 mm, cw 8.8 mm) (MNHN-B 13844). TYPE LOCALITY. — Philippine Islands, north of Mindoro, 155 - 167 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Taiwan. Southwest Taiwan, Douggang, commercial trawler, 11. VIII. 2003, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29772). — Koashiung, Tungkang fishing port, H. H. Tan & L. L. Koh coll., 6 - 9. XII. 2001, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2001.0281). TAIWAN 2001, stn CP 80, 24 ° 50.9 ’ N, 121 ° 59.4 ’ E, 194 - 214 m, 8. V. 2001, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29691). TAIWAN 2002, stn CP 159, 22 ° 14.6 ’ N, 120 ° 59.9 ’ E, 208 m, 24. V. 2002, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29812). — Stn CP 160, 22 ° 13.0 ’ N, 120 ° 28.8 ’ E, 300 m, 24. V. 2002, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29815). — Stn CH 175, 22 ° 14.6 ’ N, 120 ° 26.4 ’ E, 210 m, 28. V. 2002, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29813). — Stn CH 176, 22 ° 14.8 ’ N, 120 ° 27.1 ’ E, 160 m, 28. V. 2002, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29814). Philippine Islands. South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 2, stn 34, 13 ° 27.9 ’ N, 121 ° 12.0 ’ E, 155 - 167 m, 24. XI. 1980, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 10136). Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 50 - 500 m, 23. XI. 2001, 11 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ (ZRC 2001.0536), 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC 2001.031), 1 ♀ (ZRC 2001.0532). — 200 - 300 m, XII. 2002, 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (ZRC 2001.0365), 1 ♀ (ZRC 2001.0364), 8 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀ (ZRC 2002.0656). — XI. 2003, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 pre-adult (MNHN-B 29731). — I. 2004, 1 ovig. ♀ (ZRC 2004.0774). — II. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0775); 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀, 1 pre-adult (ZRC 2004.0776). PANGLAO 2004, stn P 4, tangle nets of local fishermen, 8. VI. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0175), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina (ZRC 2006.0179). Indonesia. Tanimbar Is, KARUBAR, stn CP 65, 09 ° 14 ’ S, 132 ° 27 ’ E, 176 - 174 m, 1. XI. 1991, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 29388). DISTRIBUTION. — Philippine Is (Guinot 1989) and now Taiwan and Indonesia (Tanimbar Is). Depth: 155 - 300 m. Specimens were also obtained from tangle nets of local fishermen in the Philippines that obtained material from estimated depths of 50 - 500 m. COLOUR The carapace and chelipeds are ornamented with thin, reticulated, orange lines, a colour pattern that is visible in smaller individuals when the setae of the carapace are removed. REMARKS Although the holotype (♂, cl 13.0 mm, cw 15.2 mm, MNHN-B 10136) is small and the name of the species implies a small size, most specimens examined were relatively large (largest specimen examined: ♂, cl 32.9 mm, cw 43.2 mm, ZRC 2001.0536). The carapace, chelipeds (P 1), and ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) of the smaller specimens (to about cl 20 - 23 mm) were covered with conspicuous setae in contrast to the larger individuals, which lacked most or all of the setae. Conspicuous setae is also characteristic of C. spinosissima Rathbun, 1914, but C. nana can be distinguished from the latter by the presence of conspicuous but low, blunt tubercles on the dorsal surface of the cheliped propodi (see Guinot 1989: pl. 6, fig. H) (acute tubercles in C. spinosissima, although they may be absent in large individuals; see Chen 1998: fig. 4 - 2; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 5 E), the dark portion of the fingers covers about half the total length of the fingers (dark portion is about one quarter of fingers in C. spinosissima), and the smooth distal portion of the meri of the ambulatory legs (an acute tooth in C. spinosissima; see Chen 1998: fig. 4 - 2; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 5 C). Material identified as C. nana by Ho et al. (2004: 661, fig. 6 H) does not belong to this species. The two small male specimens (MMBA; ZRC 2001.2216), which are badly damaged, were examined but could not be identified. They clearly belong to Carcinoplax.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9C257DFF11FC79FE25FEEE.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Albatross, stn 5376, ♀ holotype, cl 28.9 mm, cw 38.3 mm (USNM 46143). TYPE LOCALITY. — Philippine Islands, between Luzon and Mindoro, Verde Island Passage, 13 ° 42 ’ N, 121 ° 51.5 ’ E, 165 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Taiwan. Tai-Chi fishing port, T. - Y. Chan coll., 28. X. 2004, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29773). Vietnam. Tonkin Bay, Orlik, stn 46, 22. I. 1960, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29771). Philippine Islands. South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 45, 13 ° 46 ’ N, 120 ° 24 ’ E, 100 - 180 m, 24. III. 1976, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10144). Verde Island Passage, between Luzon and Mindoro, Albatross, stn 5376, 13 ° 42 ’ N, 121 ° 51.5 ’ E, 165 m, 2. III. 1909, ♀ holotype (USNM 46143). PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2377, Dipolog Bay, 08 ° 40.6 ’ N, 123 ° 20.3 ’ E, 85 - 88 m, 28. V. 2005, 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0187), 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0216). — Stn CP 2378, Dipolog Bay, 08 ° 38.8 ’ N, 123 ° 20.1 ’ E, 65 m, 28. V. 2005, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30249). DISTRIBUTION. — Western Pacific Ocean from Japan to Indonesia. Depth: 17 - 180 m. COLOUR The carapace of freshly-preserved specimens from Taiwan was light purple with a medial purple-red line crossing from the front to the posterior border. There was a purple-red marking on the carpi of the chelipeds and the distal margin of the meri. The postero-lateral borders of the carapace were light purple to grey. REMARKS Characteristic of C. purpurea is its globose, inflated carapace and short anterolateral teeth that disappear with increased carapace size (see Chen 1984: figs 1 - 1 to 1 - 4, pl. 1, figs 3, 4, 9; Guinot 1989: pl. 4, figs A, D, F, G, I, J). The species is contrasted to C. sinica in the Remarks of the latter (see below) and by Guinot (1989: 287). A badly preserved specimen from northwest Madagascar (♂, MNHN-B 10169) appears to be close to C. purpurea as far as the shape of the carapace is concerned. Only one G 1 remains and it is unfortunately incomplete. Guinot (1989) showed that the Red Sea material of Balss (1929) credited to C. purpurea probably belonged to C. monodi Guinot, 1989, and that from the Persian Gulf (Stephensen 1946) to C. sinica Chen, 1984.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9D257DFF6CFE9FFC63FD12.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ holotype (IOAS K 248 B- 23); ♀ allotype (IOAS X 50 B- 37); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ paratypes (IOAS K 234 B- 44); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ paratypes (IOAS Q 129 B- 39). TYPE LOCALITY. — South China Sea, 19 ° 50 ’ N, 109 ° 00 ’ W, 25 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Taiwan. Kaohsiung, Tungkang fishing port, L. S. Huang coll., 4. VIII. 1996, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2001.0136). South China Sea. Stn 6269, 31 m, 13. V. 1960, H. Chen leg., 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 16939). MUSORSTOM 1, stn 1, 14 ° 28 ’ N, 120 ° 42 ’ E, 36 - 37 m, 18. III. 1976, 10 ♂♂, 1 pre-adult ♀, 14 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10142). Indonesia. Tanimbar Is, KARUBAR, stn CP 63, 08 ° 00 ’ S, 132 ° 58 ’ E, 215 - 214 m, 1. XI. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29307). DISTRIBUTION. — Persian Gulf (Stephensen 1946, as C. purpurea) and western Pacific Ocean from Taiwan to Indonesia. Depth: 25 - 215 m. REMARKS Carcinoplax sinica has often been confused with C. purpurea. Differences were outlined by Guinot (1989: 287). The most marked difference is in the morphology of the second anterolateral tooth: hook-like and more salient in C. sinica (Guinot 1989: fig. 12) than in C. purpurea (Guinot 1989: fig. 11). There are also differences in the colour patterns, a reddish carapace in C. sinica (see Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 8 D) that is unfortunately readily lost in preservation and a purple-red band along the medial axis of the carapace in C. purpurea (see Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 8 C). Photographs of specimens identified as C. purpurea by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: pl. 14, figs B, C, pl. 15, fig. B) shows that the material belongs to C. sinica. It can also be confirmed that part of the MUSORSTOM 1 material originally identified as C. purpurea by Serène & Vadon (1981) actually belonged to C. sinica as previously reported by Guinot (1989: 287).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9D2541FD60FCFBFC51FC15.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Carcinoplax specularis Rathbun, 1914: Albatross, stn 5113, ♂ holotype, cl 16.7 mm, cw 23.0 mm (USNM 46164).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9D2541FD60FCFBFC51FC15.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Carcinoplax specularis: Philippine Islands, southern Luzon, Sombrero I., 13 ° 51.5 ’ N, 120 ° 50.5 ’ E, 291 m. Carcinoplax verdensis: Philippine Islands, southern Luzon, Verde Island Passage, 13 ° 45 ’ N, 120 ° 30.5 ’ E, 721 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9D2541FD60FCFBFC51FC15.taxon	description	Carcinoplax polita: Philippine Islands, South China Sea, 187 - 195 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF9D2541FD60FCFBFC51FC15.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Maldives. John Murray Expedition, stn 143, 05 ° 15.8 ’ N, 73 ° 22.8 ’ E- 05 ° 13.7 ’ N, 73 ° 23.6 ’ E, 797 m, 30. III. 1934, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (BMNH 2007.64 - 65). Taiwan. TAIWAN 2001, stn CP 73, 24 ° 52.86 ’ N, 122 ° 00.98 ’ E, 220 - 330 m, 7. V. 2001, 1 ♀ (MMBA). — Stn CP 77, 24 ° 54.2 ’ N, 122 ° 02.5 ’ E, 220 - 360 m, 7. V. 2001, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29821), 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29822). — Stn CP 85, 24 ° 00.55 ’ N, 122 ° 00.55 ’ E, 255 - 390 m, 9. V. 2001, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2001.0134). — Stn CP 91, 24 ° 50.6 ’ N, 122 ° 01.4 ’ E, 400 m, 10. V. 2001, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29820). — Stn CP 96, 24 ° 04.2 ’ N, 122 ° 04.2 ’ E, 476 - 586 m, 18. V. 2001, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29823). — Stn CP 104, 24 ° 48.9 ’ N, 122 ° 05.3 ’ E, 365 - 447 m, 19. V. 2001, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29824). Philippine Islands. South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 31, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 16 ’ E, 187 - 195 m, 22. III. 1976, ♂ holotype of Carcinoplax polita Guinot, 1989 (MNHN-B 10141); ♀ allotype of C. polita (MNHN-B 10543). — Stn CP 71, 14 ° 09 ’ N, 120 ° 26 ’ E, 174 - 204 m, 28. III. 1976, 1 ♂ paratype of C. polita (MNHN-B 10268). South China Sea, off Luzon, Sombrero I., Albatross, stn 5113, 13 ° 51.5 ’ N, 122 ° 50.5 ’ E, 291 - 324 m, 17. I. 1908, ♂ holotype of C. specularis (USNM 46164). — Albatross, stn 5119, 13 ° 45 ’ N, 120 ° 30 ’ E, 291 - 721 m, 21. I. 1908, ovig. ♀ holotype of C. verdensis (USNM 46167). Mindanao, Albatross, stn 5512, 08 ° 16 ’ N, 123 ° 58 ’ E, 814 m, 7. VIII. 1909, USNM leg. (ex. USNM 46142, id. as C. longipes presumably by M. J. Rathbun), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 11100). Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 200 - 300 m, XII. 2000, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC 2001.0395); 50 - 500 m, 28. XI. 2001, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2001.0973), 1 ♀ (ZRC 2001.0528), 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (ZRC 2001.0540); 200 - 300 m, VI. 2002, 6 ♀♀ (ZRC 2002.0655); 25 - 30. VII. 2003, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0730), 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0750); XII. 2003, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29738), I. 2004, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2004.0805), 29. V. 2004, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0777); 50 - 500 m, 2. III. 2004, 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0727). PANGLAO 2004, stn P 1, tangle nets of local fishermen, 09 ° 36 ’ S, 123 ° 45 ’ E, 90 - 200 m, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0176). — Stn P 4, tangle nets of local fishermen, 8. VI. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0173). PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2332, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 38.8 ’ N, 123 ° 45.9 ’ E, 396 - 418 m, 22. V. 2005, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0214). — Stn CP 2343, off Pamilican I., 09 ° 27.4 ’ N, 123 ° 49.4 ’ E, 273 - 356 m, 23. V. 2005, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0217). — Stn CP 2358, Bohol / Sulu seas sill, 08 ° 52.1 ’ N, 123 ° 37.1 ’ E, 569 - 583 m, 26. V. 2005, 1 ♂, 2 pre-adult ♂♂, 2 pre-adult ♀♀ (ZRC 2006.0190). — Stn CP 2359, Bohol / Sulu seas sill, 08 ° 49.9 ’ N, 123 ° 34.9 ’ E, 437 - 476 m, 26. V. 2005, 5 ♂♂, 1 ♂ parasitised by bopyrid, 1 ♂ parasitised by sacculinid, 9 ♀♀, 1 ♀ parasitised by sacculinid (ZRC 2006.0194). — Stn CP 2405, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 39.0 ’ N, 123 ° 46.1 ’ E, 387 - 453 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♂, 1 ♂ parasitised by bopyrid, 1 ♂ parasitised by sacculinid, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0199). — Stn CP 2407, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 41.3 ’ N, 123 ° 48.5 ’ E, 256 - 268 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0207). Indonesia. Tanimbar Is, KARUBAR, stn CP 59, 08 ° 20 ’ S, 132 ° 11 ’ E, 405 - 399 m, 31. X. 1991, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29387). — Stn CP 63, 08 ° 00 ’ S, 132 ° 58 ’ E, 215 - 214 m, 1. XI. 1991, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29380). — Stn CP 69, 08 ° 42 ’ S, 131 ° 53 ’ E, 356 - 368 m, 2. XI. 1991, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29385). Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 13, 05 ° 26 ’ S, 132 ° 38 ’ E, 417 - 425 m, 24. X. 1991, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29819). — Stn DW 28, 05 ° 31 ’ S, 132 ° 54 ’ E, 448 - 467 m, 26. X. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29390). — Stn DW 29, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m, 26. X. 1991, 1 ♀ (MNHN- B 29392). — Stn CP 35, 06 ° 08 ’ S, 132 ° 45 ’ E, 390 - 502 m, 27. X. 1991, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 29391). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1, stn DW 1747, 09 ° 21.8 ’ S, 159 ° 58.7 ’ E, 364 - 402 m, 25. IX. 2001, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29394). — Stn DW 1748, 09 ° 20.4 ’ S, 159 ° 58.2 ’ E, 509 - 522 m, 25. IX. 2001, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29395). — Stn DW 1768, 08 ° 21.4 ’ S, 160 ° 41.8 ’ E, 194 - 286 m, 28. IX. 2001, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29393). — Stn DW 1808, 09 ° 45.5 ’ S, 160 ° 52.5 ’ E, 611 - 636 m, 2. X. 2001, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29396). — Stn DW 1851, 10 ° 27.6 ’ S, 162 ° 00 ’ E, 297 - 350 m, 6. X. 2001, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29397). — Stn DW 1854, 09 ° 46.4 ’ S, 160 ° 52.9 ’ E, 229 - 260 m, 7. X. 2001, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29400). SALOMON 2, stn CP 2195, 08 ° 25.5 ’ S, 159 ° 26.4 ’ E, 543 - 593 m, 24. X. 2004, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30111). — Stn CP 2212, 07 ° 37.8 ’ S, 157 ° 41.7 ’ E, 400 - 475 m, 26. X. 2004, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 30114). — Stn CP 2213, 07 ° 38.7 ’ S, 157 ° 42.9 ’ E, 495 - 650 m, 26. X. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30097). — Stn CP 2246, 07 ° 42.6 ’ S, 156 ° 24.6 ’ E, 664 - 682 m, 1. X. 2004, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30109). — Stn CP 2262, 07 ° 56.4 ’ S, 156 ° 51.2 ’ E, 460 - 487 m, 3. X. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30112). — Stn CP 2287, 08 ° 40.8 ’ S, 157 ° 24.6 ’ E, 253 - 255 m, 6. XI. 2004, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 30089). — Stn CP 2288, 08 ° 36.3 ’ S, 157 ° 26.5 ’ E, 509 - 520 m, 7. XI. 2004, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 30095). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8, stn CP 975, 19 ° 23.60 ’ S, 169 ° 28.93 ’ E, 566 - 536 m, 22. IX. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30138). — Stn CP 992, 18 ° 52.34 ’ S, 168 ° 55.16 ’ E, 775 - 748 m, 24. IX. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29429). — Stn CC 996, 18 ° 52.41 ’ S, 168 ° 55.73 ’ E, 764 - 786 m, 24. IX. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30137). — Stn CP 1027, 17 ° 53.05 ’ S, 168 ° 39.35 ’ E, 550 - 571 m, 28. IX. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30136). — Stn CP 1045, 16 ° 54.50 ’ S, 168 ° 20.37 ’ E, 488 - 459 m, 30. IX. 1994, 3 pre-adult ♀♀, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29409). — Stn CP 1049, 16 ° 39.43 ’ S, 168 ° 02.97 ’ E, 469 - 525 m, 1. X. 1994, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29410). — Stn CP 1052, 16 ° 32.37 ’ S, 168 ° 00.29 ’ E, 561 - 564 m, 1. X. 1994, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29403). — Stn CP 1054, 16 ° 27.95 ’ S, 167 ° 57.44 ’ E, 522 - 527 m, 1. X. 1994, 3 ♂♂, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29401). — Stn CP 1062, 16 ° 27.95 ’ S, 167 ° 57.44 ’ E, 522 - 527 m, 1. X. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29408). — Stn CP 1114, 14 ° 52.39 ’ S, 167 ° 03.40 ’ E, 647 m, 8. X. 1994, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 29406). BOA 1, stn CP 2415, 15 ° 43.8 ’ S, 167 ° 03.4 ’ E, 420 - 670 m, 5. IX. 2005, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30126). — Stn CP 2416, 15 ° 04.8 ’ S, 167 ° 03.4 ’ E, 420 - 670 m, 5. IX. 2005, 5 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 30127). — Stn CP 2443, 15 ° 08.5 ’ S, 166 ° 54.1 ’ E, 220 - 277 m, 10. IX. 2005, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN- B 30120). — Stn CP 2444, 15 ° 07.8 ’ S, 166 ° 53.7 ’ E, 250 - 331 m, 10. IX. 2005, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30091). — Stn CP 2445, 15 ° 08.0 ’ S, 166 ° 53.3 ’ E, 231 - 285 m, 10. IX. 2005, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30121). — Stn CP 2446, 15 ° 06.5 ’ S, 166 ° 52.7 ’ E, 300 - 360 m, 10. IX. 2005, 2 pre-adult ♀♀, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 30122). — Stn CP 2448, 15 ° 06.6 ’ S, 166 ° 50.8 ’ E, 297 - 387 m, 10. IX. 2005, 2 ♂♂, 4 pre-adult ♀♀, 5 ♀♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 30117). — Stn CP 2467, 16 ° 45.3 ’ S, 167 ° 59.1 ’ E, 750 - 850 m, 13. IX. 2005, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30133). — Stn CP 2468, 16 ° 30.7 ’ S, 167 ° 55.5 ’ E, 550 - 565 m, 14. IX. 2005, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN- B 30092). — Stn CP 2479, 16 ° 45.0 ’ S, 167 ° 51.8 ’ E, 350 - 358 m, 15. IX. 2005, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30093). — Stn CP 2480, 16 ° 44.3 ’ S, 167 ° 48.7 ’ E, 632 - 677 m, 15. IX. 2005, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30132). New Caledonia. MUSORSTOM 4, stn CP 238, 22 ° 13.0 ’ S, 167 ° 14.0 ’ E, 500 - 510 m, 2. X. 1985, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29414). — Stn 242, 22 ° 05 8 ’ S, 167 ° 10.3 ’ E, 500 - 550 m, 3. X. 1985, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29435). BIOGEOGAL, stn DW 291, 20 ° 34.47 ’ S, 166 ° 53.33 ’ E, 800 m, 27. IV. 1987, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29469). SMIB 6, stn DW 212, 19 ° 05.6 ’ S, 163 ° 30.2 ’ E, 220 - 225 m, 2. III. 1990, 3 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29818). BERYX 2, stn CH 09, 24 ° 44.55 ’ S, 170 ° 07.00 ’ E, 790 - 825 m, 26. X. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29421). BERYX 11, stn DW 10, 24 ° 53 ’ S, 168 ° 21 ’ E, 565 - 600 m, 15. X. 1992, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29434). — Stn CP 60, 23 ° 19 ’ S, 168 ° 00 ’ E, 580 - 600 m, 20. X. 1992, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29419). BATHUS 3, stn DW 827, 23 ° 22 ’ S, 168 ° 01 ’ E, 381 - 469 m, 29. XI. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29425). BATHUS 4, stn CP 910, 18 ° 59.32 ’ S, 163 ° 08.47 ’ E, 560 - 608 m, 5. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29417). — Stn CP 911, 18 ° 57.80 ’ S, 163 ° 08.47 ’ E, 566 - 558 m, 5. VIII. 1994, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29420). — Stn CP 918, 18 ° 49.02 ’ S, 163 ° 15.80 ’ E, 613 - 647 m, 6. VIII. 1994, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29423). NORFOLK 2, stn DW 2027, 23 ° 26 ’ S, 167 ° 51 ’ E, 465 - 650 m, 21. X. 2003, 1 ♂ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 29418). — Stn DW 2150, 22 ° 43 ’ S, 167 ° 16 ’ E, 245 - 300 m, 5. XI. 2003, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29767). Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10, stn DW 1330, 17 ° 09.5 ’ S, 177 ° 56.3 ’ E, 567 - 699 m, 8. VIII. 1998, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29504). BORDAU 1, stn DW 1393, 16 ° 45 ’ S, 179 ° 59 ’ E, 426 - 487 m, 23. II. 1999, 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29505). — Stn DW 1395, 16 ° 45 ’ S, 179 ° 59 ’ E, 423 - 500 m, 23. II. 1999, 4 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29502). — Stn CP 1401, 16 ° 35 ’ S, 179 ° 41 ’ E, 600 - 648 m, 25. II. 1999, 1 ♂ (MNHN- B 29506). — Stn CP 1407, 16 ° 40 ’ S, 179 ° 39 ’ E, 499 - 527 m, 25. II. 1999, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29507). — Stn DW 1447, 16 ° 45 ’ S, 179 ° 59 ’ E, 420 - 513 m, 4. III. 1999, 6 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29503). — Stn CP 1448, 16 ° 45 ’ S, 179 ° 59 ’ E, 410 - 500 m, 4. III. 1999, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29508). — Stn DW 1451, 16 ° 45 ’ S, 179 ° 59 ’ E, 400 - 460 m, 4. III. 1999, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29509). — Stn DW 1453, 16 ° 45 ’ S, 179 ° 59 ’ E, 414 - 510 m, 4. III. 1999, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29510). — Stn DW 1463, 18 ° 10 ’ S, 178 ° 44 ’ W, 300 - 400 m, 6. III. 1999, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29511). — Stn DW 1491, 18 ° 50 ’ S, 178 ° 52 ’ W, 777 - 787 m, 11. III. 1999, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29512). BORDAU 2, stn CP 1568, 21 ° 02 ’ S, 175 ° 19 ’ W, 431 m, 10. VI. 2000, 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀, 9 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29309). Tonga. BORDAU 2, stn CP 1530, 21 ° 12 ’ S, 174 ° 58 ’ W, 802 - 803 m, 3. VI. 2000, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29555). — Stn CP 1539, 21 ° 37 ’ S, 175 ° 19 ’ W, 558 - 586 m, 4. VI. 2000, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29558). — Stn DW 1553, 20 ° 42 ’ S, 174 ° 54 ’ W, 650 - 676 m, 6. VI. 2000, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29566). — Stn CP 1556, 20 ° 11 ’ S, 174 ° 45 ’ W, 589 - 591 m, 7. VI. 2000, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29560). — Stn CH 1557, 20 ° 10 ’ S, 174 ° 42 ’ W, 578 m, 7. VI. 2000, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29563). — Stn CP 1620, 24 ° 18 ’ S, 176 ° 20 ’ W, 572 m, 18. VI. 2000, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29559). — Stn CP 1641, 21 ° 09 ’ S, 175 ° 22 ’ W, 395 m, 21. VI. 2000, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29561). DISTRIBUTION. — Western Pacific Ocean from Japan (see Sakai 1976, as C. longipes) to the Philippine Is, and now from the Indian Ocean (Maldives), Indonesia (Tanimbar and Kai islands), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Depth: 174 - 850 m. Specimens were also obtained from tangle nets of local fishermen in the Philippines that obtained material from at least 50 m. COLOUR A photograph of a freshly-collected female specimen from the Solomon Is (MNHN-B 29394) showed a red carapace and chelipeds and ambulatory legs banded with red. Photographs of freshly-collected material from the Philippine Is (PANGLAO 2005) showed carapaces coloured with various hues of red. A large female from the Philippine Is (cl 24.4 mm, cw 32.2 mm; ZRC 2006.0217), however, had irregular orange-red lines on the carapace and right cheliped. The specimen shown by Ikeda (1998: 135, pl. 55, as C. longipes) is similarly red. Hints of the red colour were observed in a few large preserved specimens. REMARKS Carcinoplax specularis was described, but not illustrated, from a large male (cl 16.7 mm, cw 23.0 mm, USNM 46164) by Rathbun (1914). The description is relatively short and ambiguous, and most of the discussion dealt with differences between C. specularis and C. longipes (Wood-Mason, 1891). Sakai (1969: fig. 15 c) illustrated the holotype but his drawing is small and not very accurate. Guinot (1989: fig. 25, pl. 8, figs A-D), however, provided clear line drawings and photographs of the holotype. The dorsal margin of the right outer orbital angle of the holotype seems to have been detached after Guinot’s photograph was taken; the extreme right margin of the front is similarly detached but remains attached to the carapace. Carcinoplax verdensis Rathbun, 1914 was described at the same time as C. specularis from only a female (cl 10.5 mm, cw 13.0 mm, USNM 46167) much smaller than the holotype of C. specularis. Rathbun’s description does not include any illustrations and, as in the description of C. specularis, the short description consists of a comparison with C. longipes. It is surprising that Rathbun did not compare C. verdensis with C. specularis, even if both species were described using specimens collected by the Albatross from localities close to each other in the Philippine Is. Sakai (1969: fig. 15 d) and Guinot (1989: fig. 22, pl. 9, figs D-F) illustrated the holotype of C. verdensis. As in the case of the holotype of C. specularis, Sakai’s line drawing is small and inaccurate. A third species, C. polita Guinot, 1989, was described from three small Philippine specimens previously identified as C. specularis by Serène & Vadon (1981). Examination of the holotypes of C. specularis and C. verdensis shows some clear differences. These differences, as well as similarities in the general shape of the carapace, were outlined by Guinot (1989: 301) when the holotypes were compared by her. The outer orbital angle of the holotype of C. specularis is prominent, tooth-like (see Guinot 1989: fig. 25, pl. 8, figs A, B) in contrast to almost straight, lacking a tooth or a lobe, in the holotype of C. verdensis (see Guinot 1989: fig. 22, pl. 9, figs D, E). The anterolateral teeth of C. specularis are also prominent and anteriorly curved, whereas those of C. verdensis are shorter and not as prominent. The dorsal surface of the carapace, chelipeds (P 1), and the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) of the holotype of C. verdensis have a short, barely discernible tomentum that is absent in the holotype of C. specularis. Both holotypes, however, have a short tomentum on the ventral surface of the carapace and abdomen. Other differences not pointed out by Guinot are the presence of a blunt tooth on the dorsal surface of the cheliped merus of the holotype of C. specularis that is barely discernible in the holotype of C. verdensis, and visibly thicker ambulatory legs in the holotype of C. specularis (P 5 merus width to length ratio of 0.23) than in the holotype of C. verdensis (P 5 merus width to length ratio of 0.19). Two other characters were also mentioned by Guinot, the extent of the dark coloration of the cheliped fingers and the texture of the cheliped merus (see below). Carcinoplax polita was described on account of several characters that were different from those of C. specularis (Guinot 1989: 300, figs 24, 37, pl. 8, figs E-H): outer orbital teeth more salient and anterolateral teeth more curved and pointed than in C. specularis, granules on the hepatic region that are more apparent in C. specularis, a small spine on the antero-external angle of the cheliped carpus that is absent in C. specularis, a rounded and glabrous portion on the distal portion of the cheliped carpus in contrast to a flatter and oval surface in C. specularis, dark fingers in contrast to colourless fingers in C. specularis, tip of G 1 with a shorter and inflated tip in C. specularis, and distal part of G 2 straight rather than curved as in C. specularis. Guinot (1989: 301) also contrasted C. polita with C. verdensis by referring to differences in the shape of the anterolateral teeth, the shiny portion on the cheliped diagnostic of C. polita, and the coloration of the cheliped fingers. Confusion between C. specularis and C. verdensis already existed before the examination of the respective holotypes by Guinot (1989). Serène & Vadon (1981: 126) reported on the presence of both C. specularis and C. verdensis from the South China Sea, but their only specimen of C. verdensis, a male, was identified as such with “ reservations ”. The same specimens identified as C. specularis by Serène & Vadon were the ones used by Guinot in her description of C. polita. Although there are differences between the holotypes, particularly those of C. specularis and C. verdensis, examination of a large number of specimens (more than 250) from the Maldive Is as well as from the western Pacific Ocean from Taiwan to Tonga showed that these and other potential species-specific differences (morphologies of the abdomen, G 1, G 2, and vulva) were not constant when applied to a large number of specimens. Specimens sampled ranged from small pre-adults to large adults (largest male cl 24.0 mm, cw 32.0 mm [ZRC 2001.0973], largest female cl 19.4 mm, cw 23.8 mm [MNHN- B 29380]). Many specimens, particularly those of a size intermediate between the large holotype of C. specularis (cl 16.7 mm, cw 23.0 mm) and the smaller holotype of C. verdensis (cl 10.5 mm, cw 13.0 mm) had outer orbital angles and anterolateral teeth with a variable morphology and intermediate width of the P 5 meri. The short tomentum, which is present in the holotype of C. verdensis but absent in that of C. specularis, is clearly a variable character. Some specimens had a tomentum while others of the same sex and about the same size lacked it even if collected from the same station. The assumed differences between the three species are due to size and therefore are not species-specific. The three species, C. specularis, C. verdensis, and C. polita, are therefore considered herein as conspecific. Carcinoplax specularis Rathbun, 1914 has been chosen as the name of the species since it appears first in Rathbun (1914) and its male holotype best represents the characters of the species. Carcinoplax verdensis Rathbun, 1914, and C. polita Guinot, 1989, are therefore junior subjective synonyms of C. specularis. There are also close similarities between C. specularis and C. abyssicola (Miers, 1886), a species reliably known only from the holotype specimen from Fiji (see Remarks for C. abyssicola above), where C. specularis has been collected. The taxonomy of C. specularis may be further complicated if both are shown to be conspecific and C. specularis becomes a junior synonym of C. abyssicola. The G 1 (see Guinot 1989: fig. 34 A, G 1 of holotype) is typical of that of other species of Carcinoplax, being long, slender, thin, and with a truncated, interiorly rounded, exteriorly pointed tip. The G 2 (see Guinot 1989: fig. 34 B, G 2 of holotype) is slightly shorter than the G 1. It has a slightly curved flagellum that ends in a slightly expanded tip with two terminal spinules. Somite 2 of the male abdomen is slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. The vulva of the mature females is also typical of Carcinoplax, being greatly expanded, extending from suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7, and covered by a soft membrane.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA12546FD6EFBE6FDBAF97B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Albatross, stn 5417, ♂ holotype, cl 28.0 mm, cw 33.5 mm (USNM 46173). TYPE LOCALITY. — Philippine Islands, between Cebu and Bohol, 10 ° 10 ’ N, 123 ° 53 ’ E, 302 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. Verde Island Passage, MUSORSTOM 2, stn CP 67, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 193 - 199 m, 29. XI. 1980, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10113). MUSORSTOM 3, stn DW 99, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 19 ’ E, 196 - 204 m, 1. VI. 1985, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29792). Between Cebu and Bohol, Albatross, stn 5417, 10 ° 10 ’ N, 123 ° 53 ’ E, 302 m, 25. III. 1909, ♂ holotype (USNM 46173). Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 50 - 500 m, 28. XI. 2001, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2001.0535). — 50 - 500 m, III. 2004, 1 ovig. ♀ (ZRC 2004.0712). — II. 2004, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina (ZRC). — Panglao I., Maribohoc Bay, tangle nets of local fishermen, 100 - 300 m, T. J. Arbasto coll., XI. 2003 - IV. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29729). PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2331, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 39.2 ’ N, 123 ° 47.5 ’ E, 255 - 268 m, 22. V. 2005, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30250). — Stn CP 2348, off Pamilican I., 09 ° 31.6 ’ N, 123 ° 55.7 ’ E, 219 - 240 m, 24. V. 2005, 1 pre-adult ♀ (ZRC). — Stn CP 2373, off Aligban I., 08 ° 42.0 ’ N, 123 ° 13.3 ’ E, 165 - 237 m, 27. V. 2005, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0210). — Stn 2407, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 41.3 ’ N, 123 ° 48.5 ’ E, 256 - 268 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♀ parasitised by sacculinid (ZRC 2006.0206).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA12546FD6EFBE6FDBAF97B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Western Pacific Ocean from Taiwan (Hsueh & Huang 2002) to Indonesia (Guinot 1989). Depth: 165 - 302 m. Material was also obtained from tangle nets of local fishermen in the Philippines that obtained specimens from estimated depths of 50 - 500 m. COLOUR A photograph of a specimen from the Philippine Is (PANGLAO 2005) had an orange carapace with a few irregular white lines and spots. The ambulatory legs were orange with irregular white spots.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA12546FD6EFBE6FDBAF97B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Diagnostic of C. spinosissima are the conspicuous setae on the carapace, chelipeds (P 1), and ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5). Large specimens lack the setae and sometimes the characteristic acute tubercles on the dorsal surface of the cheliped meri (Guinot 1989: pl. 7, figs F, H). Also diagnostic is the presence of a tooth on the distal, dorsal margins of the ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri, which Rathbun (1914) did not mention in her description of the species. Some specimens, however, may lack a tooth on one or more of the legs but the tooth is always present on the other member of the pair. The tooth is clearly shown by Hsueh & Huang (2002: fig. 5 C). Differences between C. spinosissima and C. nana, which also has conspicuous setae, are outlined in the Remarks section for the latter (see above).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA62545FCBCFF3EFDE5FC93.taxon	description	(Figs 4; 5)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA62545FCBCFF3EFDE5FC93.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1320, ♂ holotype, cl 9.1 mm, cw 10.8 mm (MNHN-B 29496). — Stn CP 1325, ♂ paratype, cl 12.0 mm, cw 14.5 mm (MNHN-B 29497). — MUSORSTOM 8, stn CP 1123 ♀ paratype, cl 14.3 mm, cw 17.1 mm (MNHN-B 29797). — BATHUS 4, stn DW 883 ♀ paratype, cl 11.4 mm, cw 13.4 mm (MNHN-B 29493). TYPE LOCALITY. — Fiji, Bligh Water, 17 ° 16.8 ’ S, 177 ° 53.6 ’ E, 290 - 300 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8, stn DW 1004, 18 ° 48.96 ’ S, 168 ° 59.24 ’ E, 319 - 350 m, 25. IX. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29405). — Stn CP 1123, 15 ° 07.19 ’ S, 166 ° 55.20 ’ E, 262 - 552 m, 9. X. 1994, ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 29797). BOA 1, stn CP 2445, 18 ° 08.0 ’ S, 166 ° 55.3 ’ E, 231 - 285 m, 10. IX. 2005, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 30124). New Caledonia. LAGON, stn DW 835, 20 ° 46.8 ’ S, 165 ° 17.3 ’ E, 135 - 150 m, 11. I. 1987, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29774). Passe de Boulari, 400 m, 20. III. 1988, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29775). BATHUS 1, stn DW 641, 21 ° 52.18 ’ S, 166 ° 49.06 ’ E, 240 - 258 m, 10. III. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29551). — Stn DW 654, 21 ° 17.11 ’ S, 165 ° 56.77 ’ E, 237 - 298 m, 12. III. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29490). — Stn DW 659, 21 ° 16.98 ’ S, 165 ° 56.82 ’ E, 275 m, 12. III. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29809). — Stn CP 668, 20 ° 57.21 ’ S, 165 ° 34.57 ’ E, 205 - 219 m, 14. III. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29491). — Stn CP 713, 21 ° 45.28 ’ S, 166 ° 36.83 ’ E, 250 m, 19. III. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29492). HALIPRO 1, stn CP 853, 21 ° 45 ’ S, 166 ° 37 ’ E, 241 - 250 m, 19. IV. 1994, 1 ♂ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 29810). BATHUS 4, stn DW 883, 22 ° 03.43 ’ S, 165 ° 56.03 ’ E, 450 - 600 m, 1. VIII. 1994, 1 ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 29493). — Stn CP 899, 20 ° 16.68 ’ S, 163 ° 50.26 ’ E, 500 - 600 m, 3. VIII. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29494). Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1320, 17 ° 16.8 ’ S, 177 ° 53.6 ’ E, 290 - 300 m, 6. VIII. 1998, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29495), ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 29496). — Stn CP 1325, 17 ° 16.4 ’ S, 177 ° 49.8 ’ E, 282 - 322 m, 7. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂ paratype (MNHN-B 29497). — Stn CP 1328, 17 ° 16.8 ’ S, 177 ° 50. 4 ’ E, 248 - 277 m, 7. VIII. 1998, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29498). BORDAU 1, stn CP 1402, 16 ° 38 ’ S, 179 ° 36 ’ E, 260 - 279 m, 25. II. 1999, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29499). — Stn CP 1403, 16 ° 40 ’ S, 179 ° 36 ’ E, 220 - 224 m, 25. II. 1999, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29500); 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29807). ETYMOLOGY. — From tenuis, Latin for “ thin ”, and dens, Latin for “ tooth ”, in reference to the slender, short anterolateral teeth characteristic of the species. DISTRIBUTION. — Southwestern Pacific Ocean: Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Fiji. Depth: 135 - 720 m. DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 4 A; 5) quadrate, slightly wider than long (1.2 as wide as long in holotype), anterolateral borders arched, inflated, giving carapace globose appearance. Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders sinuous, margins granular. Suborbital borders granular, each with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. No tooth on outer orbital angle other than the curved, granular border of the orbit; 2 slender, spinous, acute-tipped anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace. Posterolateral borders arched. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, pterygostomial crest, pterygostomial lobe, merus, ischium of third maxilliped endopod with short, conspicuous granules. Eye peduncles (Figs 4 A; 5) short (0.2 front width), distal margin granular, cornea slightly expanded distally. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 5) nearly equal in males, females, slightly more slender in males; fingers Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) slender, as long as propodus in males, much shorter in females, with blunt teeth, less than half of distal portion of fingers dark brown. Broad, curved, acute-tipped tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus, smaller tooth on outer (dorsal), distal margin. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) moderately long, slender, smooth; many long simple setae along inner, outer margins of P 5 propodus, dactylus, outer margin of P 5 carpus, shorter along P 2 - P 4, some long simple setae along P 2 - P 4 meri, carpi, propodi; P 5 dactylus long, slender, smooth; length of P 5 merus 0.5 - 0.6 cl. Male abdomen (Fig. 4 B) narrowly triangular, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson slightly wider than long, somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae. Somites 1, 2 slightly narrower than somite 3, small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 4 C) long, slender, straight; pointed tip with scattered spinules. G 2 (Fig. 4 D) slender, nearly equal or slightly longer than G 1, slightly curved flagellum, tip with 2 lateral spinules. Female abdomen wide. Telson slightly wider than long. Somites 1, 2 cover space between P 5 coxae, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature females greatly expanded, extending from edge of slightly deflected suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7; membrane covers aperture leaving space open along anterior margin. Colour The holotype specimen (MNHN-B 29496) was photographed soon after collection. The carapace was orange and the ambulatory legs transparent and banded with orange. REMARKS The overall morphology of the new species is remarkably similar, almost identical, to that of Pycnoplax bispinosa (Rathbun, 1914) n. comb. Both species have two relatively short, slender, and acute anterolateral teeth (Figs 4 A; 5 for C. tenuidentata n. sp.; Fig. 13 B for P. bispinosa n. comb.). The teeth are seemingly dorsal, just at the border of a conspicuously inflated section of the carapace. The legs are slightly longer and more slender (distal end of the merus of the folded P 5 reaches the proximal portion of the second anterolateral teeth in both species but not in the largest specimens of P. bispinosa n. comb.). There are also short setae on the ventral surface of the carapace, third maxilliped, abdomen, and ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5). The most obvious difference between the new species and P. bispinosa n. comb. is in the pterygostomial region on the ventral surface of the carapace. In C. tenuidentata n. sp. the pterygostomial and subhepatic regions are about the same relative height. In contrast, in P. bispinosa n. comb. the pterygostomial region is much higher than the subhepatic region and the two regions are separated from each other by a conspicuous pterygostomial ridge. Other differences are listed in the Remarks section for P. bispinosa n. comb. (see below). Unusual for a species of Carcinoplax is that the orbital border does not continue into a lobe or tooth. It ends as a rounded and granular border well above the first anterolateral tooth (Fig. 4 A).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA52545FF02FC79FBA9FAD8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Status and location of holotype unknown; dry ♂ paratype (KPM NH 106666) (see Muraoka 1998: 47, pl. 1, fig. 7 [colour]). TYPE LOCALITY. — Japan, Tosa Bay, 150 - 200 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Honshu, Boso Peninsula, off Kanaya, 200 - 250 m, H. Tejima coll., II. 1997, 1 ♂ (CBM-ZC 3517).? Honshu, Kii Peninsula, off Shinomisaki, 300 m, S. Nagai coll., X. 1996, 1 ♂ (CBM-ZC 3570). Taiwan. Tai-Chi fishing port, P. K. L. Ng coll., 3 - 4. VIII. 1996, 1 ♀ (ZRC 1997.748). — P. K. L. Ng & K. Lim coll., V. 1999, 1 ♂ (ZRC 1999.0775). — IV. 2003, 1 ♂ (NTOU). — Sugo, Nangfangao fishing port, commercial inshore trawlers, 100 - 400 m, P. K. L. Ng & K. Lim coll., V. 1999, 1 ♂ (ZRC 1999.0808). — 7. VI. 1999, 1 ♂ (ZRC 1999.0720). — XI. 2000, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2001.0020). — P. K. L. Ng coll., 5. XI. 2000, 1 ♂ cl 37.8 mm, cw 49.6 mm (ZRC 2001.0021). — Kaohsiung, Tungkang fishing port, P. K. L. Ng & H. - P. Ho coll., 6. XI. 2000 (ZRC 2001.0022). — 11. VIII. 2003, 1 ♂ (NTOU). TAIWAN 2001, stn CP 113, 24 ° 50.8 ’ S, 121 ° 59.9 ’ E, 281 m, 21. V. 2001, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29692). DISTRIBUTION. — Western Pacific Ocean from Japan to Taiwan and questionably the Philippine Is (doubtful record by Serène & Vadon 1981). Depth: 150 - 300 m. REMARKS Diagnostic of C. tomentosa, as its name implies, is the conspicuous short tomentum on the carapace, chelipeds (P 1), and ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5). In the largest individuals the carapace becomes smooth, devoid of tomentum, but the ambulatory legs still show the tomentum. A small male (cl 6.7 mm, cw 8.8 mm, CBM-ZC 3570) from Japan, doubtfully identified as belonging to this species, only had a short tomentum throughout the carapace and legs. Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 62, 63) stated that C. tomentosa does not belong in the genus Carcinoplax because of the presence of a short G 2. The G 2 of specimens examined during this study was actually slightly longer than the G 1, raising the possibility that the specimens referred to by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973) belonged to another, yet unidentified, species. The Philippine material identified by Serène & Vadon (1981) as C. aff. tomentosa also appears to be lost.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA52549FCA4FAA5FE50FE8E.taxon	description	(Figs 6 - 8)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA52549FCA4FAA5FE50FE8E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — VOLSMAR, stn DW 5, ♂ holotype, cl 6.9 mm, cw 8.8 mm (MNHN-B 29829); ♂ paratype, cl 7.0 mm, cw 9.0 mm; ♀ paratype, cl 6.8 mm, cw 8.8 mm; ovig. ♀ paratype, cl 6.9 mm, cw 8.8 mm, same as holotype (MNHN-B 29833). — MUSORSTOM 8, stn CP 1136, ♀ paratype, cl 5.8 mm, cw 6.8 mm, (MNHN-B 29830). TYPE LOCALITY. — New Hebrides Ridge, Matthew and Hunter islands, 22 ° 25.9 ’ S, 171 ° 46.5 ’ E, 700 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. —? Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., PANGLAO 2004, stn B 39, Panglao I., Pontod Lagoon, 09 ° 32.80 ’ N, 123 ° 42.10 ’ E, 17 - 25 m, reef wall with small caves, 2. VII. 2004, 1 preadult ♂ (ZRC 2006.0172). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8, stn CP 1136, 15 ° 40 ’ S, 167 ° 01 ’ E, 398 - 400 m, 11. X. 1994, ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 29830). Matthew and Hunter islands. VOLSMAR, stn DW 5, 22 ° 25.9 ’ S, 171 ° 46.5 ’ E, 700 m, 1. VI. 1989, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 29829), ♂ paratype, ♀ paratype, ovig. ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 29833). ETYMOLOGY. — From tuber, Latin for “ swelling ” or “ bulb ”, in reference to the conspicuous tubercle-like granules on the outer and dorsal surface of the chelipeds (P 1) that is diagnostic to the species. DISTRIBUTION. — Southwestern Pacific Ocean: Vanuatu and the Matthew and Hunter islands south of Vanuatu, questionably from the Philippine Is. Depth: 398 - 400 and 700 m, questionably 17 - 25 m. DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 6 A; 7) quadrate, slightly wider than long (1.3 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace slightly convex, slightly granular along anterior, lateral borders (conspicuously granular in ovigerous female paratype), with short setae, without clear indication of regions. Front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders sinuous, margins granular in holotype and most other specimens. Suborbital borders granular, each with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. Outer orbital angle with flat, granular, short tooth; 2 dorso-ventrally flat, triangular, granular, blunttipped anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace, margin between anterolateral teeth nearly straight. Posterolateral borders slightly arched. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, merus, ischium of third maxilliped endopod with low, conspicuous granules. Margins of thoracic sternum with short setae. Eye peduncles (Figs 6 A; 7) short (0.2 front width), distal margin granular, cornea short, not expanded distally. Chelipeds (P 1) (Figs 7; 8) nearly equal in males, females, slightly more slender in females; fingers short, thick, about a third as long as propodus in both sexes, with blunt teeth, all or nearly all distal portion of fingers dark brown. Propodus, carpus, merus fringed with sparse, long setae (few in holotype); propodus short, thick; conspicuous, blunt or slightly acute tubercles on outer (dorsal) surface of propodus (may be only on proximal region in one of two propodi), outer (dorsal) anterior border of carpus; shorter, less conspicuous granules on inner (ventral) surface of merus, inner margin granular. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) relatively short (distal end of merus of the folded P 5 only reaches tip of second anterolateral tooth), relatively stout articles, smooth, many short and long simple setae along inner, outer margins of articles; P 5 dactylus long, slender, setose; length of P 5 merus 0.7 cl. Male abdomen (Fig. 6 B) narrowly triangular, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae. Somites 1, 2 slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. G 1 (Fig. 6 C) long, slender, straight; rounded tip with slightly pointed inner margin. G 2 (Fig. 6 D) slender, slightly longer than G 1, slightly curved flagellum, tip with 2 terminal spinules. Female abdomen narrow, fringed with many long setae. Telson slightly wider than long. Somites 1, 2 cover space between P 5 coxae, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature females greatly expanded, extending from edge of slightly deflected suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7; membrane covers aperture leaving space open along anterior margin. REMARKS Carcinoplax tuberosa n. sp. is close to C. velutina n. sp. (see description below). Both species share a short tomentum on the carapace, a more conspicuous tomentum on the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5), granular ventral surface of the carapace, short and thick fingers, short eye peduncles, and cornea relatively short and not expanded distally. Carcinoplax tuberosa n. sp. is being described as a separate species on account of several differences. The G 1 has a broadly rounded tip (Fig. 6 C) whereas it is pointed in C. velutina n. sp. (Fig. 9 C). The ambulatory legs of C. tuberosa n. sp. are shorter and slightly narrower than in C. velutina n. sp. (Fig. 10). In C. tuberosa n. sp. the distal end of the merus in the folded P 5 reaches the tip of the second anterolateral tooth, whereas in C. velutina n. sp. they extend well over the tooth (almost reaching the tip of the first anterolateral tooth in the holotype). The setae on the ambulatory legs of C. tuberosa n. sp. are also conspicuously longer and more numerous than in C. velutina n. sp. An exception is a pre-adult male from the Philippine Is (ZRC 2006.0172), where the setae are short. The propodi and carpi of the chelipeds (P 1) have conspicuous tubercles in C. tuberosa n. sp. (Fig. 8), which are absent in C. velutina n. sp. of about the same size. Carcinoplax tuberosa n. sp. appears to be a smallsize species, the largest male being cl 7.0 mm, cw 9.0 mm (MNHN-B 29829) and the largest female, which was ovigerous, cl 6.9 mm, cw 8.8 mm (MNHN-B 29833). A small female (cl 5.8 mm, cw 6.8 mm; MNHN-B 29830) had an enlarged vulva, evidence that it was mature. The damaged specimen of a pre-adult male from the Philippine Is (cl 2.5 mm, cw 2.9 mm; ZRC 2006.0172) shares all of the diagnostic characters of the type material except the long setae of its ambulatory legs. The new species thus appears not to be pre-adult specimens of C. velutina n. sp. Carcinoplax velutina n. sp., however, is known mostly from relatively large specimens (smallest: female, cl 9.7 mm, cw 12.5 mm; MNHN-B 29828).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA9254FFF56FE7CFB4DFBB6.taxon	description	(Figs 9; 10)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFA9254FFF56FE7CFB4DFBB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — SMSRB collections, stn 397, ♂ holotype, cl 11.4 mm, cw 14.7 mm (MNHN-B 29826); ♂ paratype, cl 11.3 mm, cw 14.3 mm (MNHN-B 20794); ♀ paratype, cl 9.7 mm, cw 12.5 mm (MNHN-B 29828). TYPE LOCALITY. — French Polynesia, Tuamotu Archipelago, Moruroa atoll, 21 ° 53.3 ’ N, 138 ° 51.6 ’ E, 680 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Vanuatu. BOA 1, unknown station, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30450). Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1344, 16 ° 45.3 ’ S, 177 ° 40.5 ’ E, 588 - 610 m, 10. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29835). BORDAU 1, stn CP 1392, 16 ° 49 ’ S, 179 ° 54 ’ E, 545 - 651 m, 23. II. 1999, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29834). French Polynesia. Society Is, Bora Bora, 16 ° 28 ’ S, 151 ° 47 ’ W, trap, 450 - 600 m, 23. VII. 1988, SMSRB collections, J. Poupin coll., 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 20904). Tuamotu Archipelago, Moruroa atoll, 21 ° 51 ’ S, 138 ° 47 ’ W, trap, 570 - 670 m, 29. XI. 1988, SMSRB collections, J. Poupin coll., ♂ paratype (MNHN-B 20794). — Hao I., 18 ° 04.2 ’ S, 141 ° 01.8 ’ W, trap, 500 m, 2. VI. 1990, ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 29828). — Moruroa atoll, stn 383, 21 ° 46.2 ’ S, 138 ° 54.0 ’ W, trap, 600 m, 9. III. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29827). — Moruroa atoll, stn 397, 21 ° 53.3 ’ N, 138 ° 51.6 ’ E, trap, 680 m, 17. III. 1991, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 29826). ETYMOLOGY. — From velutinus, derived from villus, Latin for “ shaggy hair ”, in reference to the short tomentum on the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) and ventral surface of the carapace and abdomen, giving them, particularly the legs, a velvety appearance. DISTRIBUTION. — Vanuatu, Fiji, and French Polynesia. Depth: 300 - 680 m. DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 9 A; 10; Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. d, as Carcinoplax aff. verdensis) quadrate, slightly wider than long (1.3 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace slightly convex, granular along anterior, lateral borders, with short setae on posterior half, without clear indication of regions. Front lamellar, margin granular, straight, not marked by median notch. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders sinuous, margins granular, slight prominence before outer orbital angle. Suborbital borders granular, each with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. Outer orbital angle with flat, granular, blunt tooth; 2 dorso-ventrally flat, triangular, granular, blunttipped anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace, margin between anterolateral teeth nearly straight. Posterolateral borders arched. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, pterygostomial lobe, merus, ischium of third maxilliped endopod with short, conspicuous granules. Margins of thoracic sternum with short setae. Eye peduncles (Figs 9 A; 10) short (0.2 front width), distal margin granular, cornea short, not expanded distally. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 10; Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. d, as Carcinoplax aff. verdensis) nearly equal in males, females, slightly more slender in females; fingers slender, as long as propodus in males, slightly longer than propodus in females, with blunt teeth, 3 / 4 or nearly all distal portion of fingers dark brown. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus, acute-tipped in some specimens, inner margin granular in holotype. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) long (distal end of the merus of the folded P 5 reaches well beyond tip of second anterolateral tooth, in holotype almost reaching tip of first anterolateral tooth), relatively stout articles, granular, many short and long simple setae along inner, outer margins of articles; P 5 dactylus long, slender, setose; length of P 5 merus 0.7 - 0.8 cl. Male abdomen (Fig. 9 B) broadly triangular, fringed by short setae, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson slightly wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae; somites 1, 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. G 1 (Fig. 9 C) long, slender, straight; pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 9 D) slender, slightly longer than G 1, slightly curved flagellum, tip with 2 terminal spinules. Female abdomen narrow, fringed with many long setae. Telson wider than long. Somites 1, 2 cover space between P 5 coxae, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature females greatly expanded, extending from edge of slightly deflected suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7; membrane covers aperture leaving space open along anterior margin. COLOUR Carapace light orange; chelipeds (P 1) mostly light orange, tips of fingers dark brown (Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. d, as Carcinoplax aff. verdensis). REMARKS Carcinoplax velutina n. sp. is easily separated from other species of Carcinoplax by its long ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5), the distal end of the merus of the P 5 reaching the second anterolateral tooth; the short tomentum on the legs and on the margins of the abdomen (longer setae on the female abdomen) and thoracic sternum; the short setae on the posterior half of the carapace; and the nearly flat outer orbital teeth. It is particularly close to C. tuberosa n. sp. Similarities and differences between the two species are discussed in the description of the latter (see above). There are also some similarities with C. abyssicola, described from Fiji, and C. specularis, with a wider geographical distribution but also known from Fiji, which have a short tomentum on the carapace and Castro P. ambulatory legs and the legs have relatively stout articles. In C. abyssicola, however, the outer orbital tooth is greatly reduced so that the carapace margin beyond the orbit is typically slanted, not straight, and the anterolateral teeth are curved and more salient than in C. velutina n. sp. (see Guinot 1989: fig. 38, pl. 9, figs A, B) and the eyes are clearly larger than in C. velutina n. sp., where the cornea is not much enlarged distally. Carcinoplax velutina n. sp. somewhat resembles C. longipes from the Indian Ocean and the Philippine Is in the shape of the outer orbital tooth and in the long ambulatory legs. C. longipes, however, has a curved first anterolateral tooth (Guinot 1989: fig. 26, pl. 10, figs A, B; fig. 27, pl. 10, figs D, E, as Carcinoplax aff. longipes; pl. 10, fig. G, as Carcinoplax sp.) and a much sparse tomentum on the carapace and ambulatory legs. A small male from Fiji (cl 8.0 mm, cw 10.1 mm; MNHN-B 29834) had the same carapace shape and anterolateral teeth and the same relative length of the ambulatory legs as in C. velutina n. sp. but the setae of the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) were longer and more conspicuous than in C. tuberosa n. sp.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFAF2552FC9BFB47FC99FA98.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Cancer (Curtonotus) vestitus de Haan, 1833 (by present designation; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFAF2552FC9BFB47FC99FA98.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From entrichos, Greek for “ hairy ”, in reference to the characteristic abundant setae on the carapace, chelipeds (P 1), and ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5), and plax, Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, which is derived from the generic name Carcinoplax (from karkinos, Greek for crab) to denote that the type species of the new genus was formerly included in Carcinoplax sensu lato.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFAF2552FC9BFB47FC99FA98.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Shen 1932: fig. 63; Sakai 1976: pl. 190, fig. 3, as Carcinoplax vestita), transversely rectangular, much wider than long; widest at junction of anterolateral, posterolateral borders; front lamellar, concave, strongly deflexed, not marked by median notch or projection. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border slight; orbits long, wide, expanded distally; supraorbital borders bilobed, with conspicuous tubercle-like process; suborbital borders long, rounded, without inner tooth; anterolateral borders convex. Dorsal surface of carapace covered by abundant setae, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with short prominence; 2 short anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace. Basal antennal article short, subquadrate, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles (Shen 1932: fig. 64, as C. vestita) relatively long (0.5 front width), dorsal surface with conspicuous setae; cornea reniform, dorso-ventrally flattened, much expanded distally, nearly divided into anterior, posterior portions. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges clearly defined. Third maxillipeds completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 conspicuous but interrupted medially (Fig. 11); sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted medially. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Shen 1932: fig. 65 a; Sakai 1976: pl. 190, fig. 3, as C. vestita) slender, nearly triangular, shorter than propodus, tips light in colour; large, blunt teeth. Carpus with tooth on inner margin. Dorsal margins of meri, carpi, propodi of ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) unarmed, covered with setae; dactyli slender, smooth, numerous thick setae. Male abdomen (Shen 1932: fig. 65 b, as C. vestita) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, narrowly triangular; somite 1 long (longest somite), wide; somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3 so that somite 2 leaves relatively large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 5 f; Dai & Yang 1991: fig. 192 - 2, as C. vestita) long, slender, thin, straight, only slightly broadened proximally; pointed, thin tip. G 2 (Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 5 g, as C. vestita) slender, slightly longer than G 1, flagellum slightly shorter than proximal part (peduncle), slightly-expanded tip with lateral spinule. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; slightly-expanded, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen (Shen 1932: fig. 65 c, as C. vestita) with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson wider than long. Somite 1 long, wide; somite 2 covers space between P 5 coxae, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature females (Fig. 11; Doi & Watanabe 2006: fig. 1) greatly expanded, extending from suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7, covered by soft membrane, thickened inner margins but vulvar cover absent.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFAF2552FC9BFB47FC99FA98.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The new genus is being described for Carcinoplax vestita, which was described as Cancer (Curtonotus) vestitus de Haan, 1833. Guinot (1989: 314) listed the species among eight non-revised species of Carcinoplax that eventually proved to belong in other genera. Diagnostic of Entricoplax n. gen. is a supraorbital border that is long and bilobed, with orbits expanded to accommodate the reniform eyes (in contrast to Carcinoplax, where the supraorbital bor- der is curved or sinuous, with orbit not expanded and distal portion of the cornea is rounded), a concave, conspicuously deflexed front (straight in Carcinoplax), suborbital border long and without an inner tooth (shorter and with a short inner tooth in Carcinoplax), somite 1 of male and female abdomens conspicuously long, much longer than somite 2 in both sexes and longer than somite 3 in the male abdomen (short in Carcinoplax), and large area of thoracic sternite 8 of males is left uncovered (usually completely or partially covered by somite 2 in Carcinoplax), basal antennal article short and subquadrate (slender and longer in Carcinoplax), and short anterolateral teeth (longer and more conspicuous in most species of Carcinoplax). Also characteristic of E. vestita n. comb., the only species included in the new genus, is the relatively long and dense setae that cover the carapace and pereopods. The G 1, G 2, and vulva of Entricoplax n. gen. are nevertheless similar to those of Carcinoplax. The G 1 is slender, straight, and thin, being close to that of C. longimana, the type species of the genus (see Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 5; Dai & Yang 1991: fig. 192 - 2, as C. vestita; Kim 1973: fig. 162 B, as C. vestitus). The G 2 is slightly longer than the G 1, shorter than the proximal part (peduncle), and has a slightly-expanded tip with one lateral spinule, similar to the G 2 of some species of Carcinoplax. The vulva (Fig. 11) is expanded and lacks a vulvar cover as in Carcinoplax.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFAF2552FC9BFB47FC99FA98.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Japan, P. F. von Siebold & H. Bürger coll., ♀ lectotype (RMNH D 311); ♂ dry paralectotype, cl 13.2 mm, cw 18.0 mm (MNHN 2958); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ dry paralectotypes (RMNH D 42274); mouthparts of paralectotype (RMNH D) (see Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 431, fig. 152; 2003: 51; Fransen et al. 1997: 111). TYPE LOCALITY. — Japan. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Honshu, off Yokosuka, Challenger, 18 m, 1 pre-adult ♀ (BMNH). — 34 ° 18.0 ’ N, 133 ° 35.0 ’ E, Challenger, stn 233 B, 27 m, 1 pre-adult ♀ (BMNH). Sagami Bay?, T. Sakai leg., 1 ♀ (BMNH 1961.6.5.82). Miyako Bay, Iwate, off Hei-gawa rivermouth, 15 - 20 m, T. Komai coll., 24. V. 1995, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (CBM-ZC 1690). Unknown localities, P. F. von Siebold & H. Bürger coll., 1823 - 1834, ♂ dry paralectotype (MNHN-B 2958); 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 24259). China. Tuandao, off Qindao, from tangle nets of local fishermen, 30 - 50 m, P. K. L. Ng coll., 23 - 25. VIII. 2001, Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) 4 ♂♂ (ZRC 2002.0494). — Amoy, C. J. Shen leg., 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (BMNH 1935.3.19.117). DISTRIBUTION. — Yellow and East China seas, east (Pacific Ocean) coast of Japan (see map in Chen 1984: fig. 8, as C. vestita). Depth: 15 - 110 m. REMARKS The unique characters of Entricoplax vestita n. comb., which sets it apart from the species of Carcinoplax, where it was traditionally included, are discussed in the description of Entricoplax n. gen. (see above). Entricoplax vestita n. comb. appears to be restricted to the Yellow and East China seas and the Pacific Ocean coast of Japan. A record from South Africa is the result of a misidentification (see Barnard 1950: 288, as C. vestita). It has also been listed, almost certainly as an error or oversight, as occurring in Australia (Balss 1922: 136; Barnard 1950: 288; Sakai 1976: 525; Davie 2002: 194, as C. vestita). Two small pre-adult females (cl 6.3 mm, cw 8.9 mm, cl 8.7 mm, cw 12.2 mm, BMNH) from Japan identified as Pilumnoplax vestita var. sexdentata by Miers (1886: 229) clearly belong to E. vestita n. comb., the only difference being that their anterolateral teeth are more pronounced than those of adult individuals.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB22556FC92FA65FEA8FE30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Carcinoplax longispinosa Chen, 1984 (by present designation; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB22556FC92FA65FEA8FE30.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From mene, Greek for “ moon ” or “ crescent ”, in reference to the diagnostic crescent-shaped vulva, and plax, Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, which is derived from the generic name Carcinoplax (from karkinos, Greek for “ crab ”) to denote that the type species of the new genus was formerly included in Carcinoplax sensu lato.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB22556FC92FA65FEA8FE30.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Guinot 1989: fig. 40, pl. 13, figs A, B, D, E, as C. longispinosa) transversely rectangular, slightly wider than long, widest at junction of anterolateral, posterolateral borders; front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch or projection. Barely discernible notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border; orbits narrow, not expanded distally; supraorbital borders short, slightly sinuous; suborbital borders rounded, with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders convex; posterolateral borders long, arched. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, strongly convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with short, triangular tooth; 2 anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace, first reduced or obsolete in females, second conspicuous, acute, long, dorsally oriented. Basal antennal article long, slender, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles short, much shorter than front (0.2 front width); cornea spherical, only slightly expanded distally. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete (Fig. 12). Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Chen 1984: fig. 7 - 1, 7 - 2, as C. longispinosa; Guinot 1989: pl. 13, fig. C, as C. longispinosa) slender, slightly longer than propodus, darker in colour. Carpus with acute tooth on inner margin. Ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri, carpi, propodi long, slender; dorsal margins unarmed; dactyli long, slender, carinated, setose. Male abdomen (Chen 1984: fig. 7 - 3, as C. longispinosa) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, narrowly triangular, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in length from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than 3 so that somites 1, 2 only leave small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Chen 1984: figs 7 - 4 - 7 - 6, as C. longispinosa; Guinot 1989: fig. 32 A, as C. longispinosa) stout, with small denticles, truncated tip. G 2 (Chen 1984: figs 7 - 7 to 7 - 9, as C. longispinosa; Guinot 1989: fig. 32 B, as C. longispinosa) slender, much shorter than G 1, flagellum much shorter than basal part, with basal denticles, tip pointed. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, large; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, relatively narrow. Telson broadly triangular, wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 as wide as somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature females (Fig. 12) oblique, crescent shaped, extending from suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7, vulvar cover in the form of swollen section of thoracic sternite 6 covering outer margin.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB22556FC92FA65FEA8FE30.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB22556FC92FA65FEA8FE30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ holotype (IOAS K 69 B- 31), ♂ paratype (IOAS Ky 11 B- 31). TYPE LOCALITY. — South China Sea, 18 ° 30 ’ N, 113 ° 30 ’ E, 1100 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Off northwest coast, trawling 135, 13 ° 01 ’ S, 48 ° 01 ’ E, 1075 - 1110 m, A. Crosnier coll., 21. I. 1975, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 10208). — Trawling 142, 13 ° 45.6 ’ S, 47 ° 34.2 ’ E, 1250 - 1300 m, A. Crosnier coll., 28. II. 1975, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10207). Philippine Islands. South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 47, 13 ° 41 ’ N, 120 ° 30 ’ E, 658 - 757 m, 25. III. 1976, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10187). — Stn CP 49, 13 ° 49 ’ N, 120 ° 00 ’ E, 750 - 925 m, 25. III. 1976, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10206). Indonesia. Tanimbar Is, KARUBAR, stn CP 91, 08 ° 44.54 ’ S, 131 ° 03.10 ’ E, 884 - 890 m, 5. XI. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29364). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1, stn CP 1858, 09 ° 37.0 ’ S, 160 ° 41.7 ’ E, 435 - 461 m, 7. X. 2001, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29359). SALOMON 2, stn CP 2176, 09 ° 09.4 ’ S, 158 ° 59.2 ’ E, 600 - 875 m, 21. X. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30084). — Stn CP 2181, 08 ° 46.9 ’ S, 159 ° 39.8 ’ E, 645 - 840 m, 22. X. 2004, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30085). — Stn CP 2197, 08 ° 24.4 ’ S, 159 ° 22.5 ’ E, 897 - 1057 m, 24. X. 2004, 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀ (MNHN- B 30086). — Stn CP 2215, 07 ° 44.3 ’ S, 157 ° 42.3 ’ E, 718 - 880 m, 26. X. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30087). — Stn CP 2219, 07 ° 58.3 ’ S, 157 ° 34.4 ’ E, 650 - 836 m, 27. X. 2004, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30105). — Stn CP 2220, 07 ° 58.1 ’ S, 157 ° 33.9 ’ E, 632 m, 27. X. 2004, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 30104). — Stn CP 2246, 07 ° 42.6 ’ S, 156 ° 24.6 ’ E, 664 - 682 m, 1. X. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN- B 30110). — Stn CP 2247, 07 ° 44.9 ’ S, 156 ° 24.7 ’ E, 686 - 690 m, 1. XI. 2004, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 30107). — Stn CP 2248, 07 ° 42.5 ’ S, 156 ° 24.8 ’ E, 650 - 673 m, 1. XI. 2004, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 30096). — Stn CP 2252, 07 ° 28.4 ’ S, 156 ° 17.5 ’ E, 1059 - 1109 m, 2. XI. 2004, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30106). — Stn CP 2267, 07 ° 48.0 ’ S, 156 ° 50.0 ’ E, 590 - 600 m, 4. XI. 2004, 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 30083). — Stn CP 2269, 07 ° 45.1 ’ S, 156 ° 56.3 ’ E, 768 - 890 m, 4. XI. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30113). — Stn CP 2270, 07 ° 37.9 ’ S, 156 ° 58.8 ’ E, 970 - 1060 m, 4. XI. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30075). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8, stn CP 956, 20 ° 33.41 ’ S, 169 ° 35.95 ’ E, 1175 - 1210 m, 20. IX. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN- B 29337); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30139). — Stn CP 990, 18 ° 51.63 ’ S, 168 ° 50.98 ’ E, 980 - 990 m, 24. IX. 1994, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29407); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 301142). — Stn CP 991, 18 ° 51.26 ’ S, 168 ° 52.19 ’ E, 936 - 910 m, 24. IX. 1994, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29335). — Stn CP 992, 18 ° 52.34 ’ S, 168 ° 55.16 ’ E, 775 - 748 m, 24. IX. 1994, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♂ parasitised by Sacculina, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29328). — Stn CP 993, 18 ° 48.78 ’ S, 168 ° 54.04 ’ E, 780 - 783 m, 24. IX. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29336). — Stn CP 1007, 18 ° 51.97 ’ S, 168 ° 55.92 ’ E, 720 - 830 m, 25. IX. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29334). — Stn CP 1008, 18 ° 53.29 ’ S, 168 ° 52.65 ’ E, 919 - 1000 m, 25. IX. 1994, 1 ♂, 1 ♂ parasitised by Sacculina, 1 ovig. ♀, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 29333). — Stn CC 1034, 17 ° 54.85 ’ S, 168 ° 42.04 ’ E, 690 - 750 m, 29. IX. 1994, 4 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29331). — Stn CP 1035, 17 ° 56.02 ’ S, 168 ° 44.06 ’ E, 765 - 780 m, 29. IX. 1994, 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29329). — Stn CP 1036, 18 ° 01.00 ’ S, 168 ° 48.20 ’ E, 920 - 950 m, 29. IX. 1994, 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29332); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29363). — Stn CP 1037, 18 ° 03.70 ’ S, 168 ° 54.40 ’ E, 1058 - 1086 m, 29. IX. 1994, 8 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29330). Chesterfield Islands. MUSORSTOM 5, stn DW 313, 22 ° 24.31 ’ S, 159 ° 57.53 ’ E, 780 - 930 m, 13. X. 1986, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29245). — Stn DC 321, 20 ° 40 ’ S, 158 ° 02.20 ’ E, 1000 m, 14. X. 1986, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29428). — Stn CP 323, 21 ° 18.52 ’ S, 157 ° 57.62 ’ E, 970 m, 14. X. 1986, 17 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 4 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29362); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29311); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29312). — Stn CP 324, 21 ° 15.01 ’ S, 157 ° 51.33 ’ E, 970 m, 14. X. 1986, 16 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29308); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29313); 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30055). — Stn CC 390, 21 ° 00.90 ’ S, 160 ° 50.30 ’ E, 745 - 825 m, 22. X. 1986, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29310); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29184). CORAIL 2, stn DE 14, 21 ° 00.69 ’ S, 160 ° 57.18 ’ E, 65 - 660 m, 21. VII. 1988, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29342). EBISCO, stn CP 2557, 21 ° 15.01 ’ S, 157 ° 51.33 ’ E, 970 m, 14. X. 2005, 2 ♂♂, 1 pre-adult ♀, 5 ♀, 2 ♀♀ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 30129). — Stn CP 2616, 19 ° 35 ’ S, 158 ° 52 ’ E, 786 - 836 m, 19. X. 2005, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30134). — Stn CP 2648, 21 ° 32 ’ S, 162 ° 30 ’ E, 750 - 458 m, 23. X. 2005, 1 pre-adult, 9 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 30116). — Stn CP 2649, 21 ° 31 ’ S, 162 ° 33 ’ E, 775 - 792 m, 23. X. 2005, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30130). — Stn CP 2650, 21 ° 27 ’ S, 162 ° 33 ’ E, 825 - 894 m, 23. X. 2005, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30141). New Caledonia. BIOCAL, stn CP 75, 22 ° 19 ’ S, 167 ° 23 ’ E, 825 - 860 m, 4. IX. 1985, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10411). BATHUS 1, stn CP 651, 21 ° 41.8 ’ S, 166 ° 40.1 ’ E, 1080 - 1180 m, 11. III. 1993, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29424). BATHUS 2, stn CP 751, 22 ° 24.35 ’ S, 166 ° 12.83 ’ E, 1300 - 150 m, 15. V. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29349). Fiji. BORDAU 1, stn CP 1490, 18 ° 51 ’ S, 178 ° 32 ’ W, 785 - 820 m, 11. III. 1999, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29361). — Stn CP 1491, 18 ° 50 ’ S, 178 ° 27 ’ W, 777 - 787 m, 11. III. 1999, 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29501). — Stn CP 1493, 18 ° 43 ’ S, 178 ° 24 ’ W, 429 - 440 m, 11. III. 1999, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29367). — Stn CP 1502, 18 ° 21 ’ S, 178 ° 27 ’ W, 640 - 660 m, 13. III. 1999, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29360). Tonga. BORDAU 1, stn CP 1565, 20 ° 58 ’ S, 175 ° 16 ’ W, 869 - 880 m, 9. VI. 2000, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♂ parasitised by Sacculina, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29562). — Stn CP 1625, 23 ° 28 ’ S, Castro P. 176 ° 22 ’ W, 824 m, 19. VI. 2000, 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 ovig. ♀, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina, 1 ♀ parasitised by bopyrid (MNHN-B 29557). DISTRIBUTION. — Madagascar (Guinot 1989) and the western Pacific Ocean from East and South China seas (Chen 1984) to the Philippine Is (Guinot 1989) and now from Indonesia (Tanimbar Is), Solomon Is, Vanuatu, Chesterfield Is, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Depth: 429 - 1300 m. Also dredged from stations recorded at 65 - 660 m and 150 - 1300 m. COLOUR Photographs of freshly collected specimens from the Chesterfield Is showed an almost transparent light-pink male (MNHN-B 29428) and a light orange-pink female (MNHN-B 29362). REMARKS Menoplax longispinosa n. comb. shows a marked sexual dimorphism in the shape of the carapace, which is unusual for a carcinoplicine crab. The first anterolateral tooth is reduced in females (see Guinot 1989: pl. 13, figs D, E, as Carcinoplax longispinosa), while the conspicuous, acute second tooth tends to be slightly shorter than that in males (see Guinot 1989: fig. 40, pl. 13, figs A, B, as C. longispinosa). The length and orientation of the second, horn-like tooth, however, varies among individuals of both sexes, even between the right and left teeth in some specimens. The morphology of two small females (MNHN- B 10207, 10208) from Madagascar, also examined by Guinot (1989: 312), does not depart from other specimens collected elsewhere in the Indo-West Pacific region. The species has not yet been recorded from elsewhere in the Indian Ocean but it is most probably found in deep water across the ocean. There is a superficial resemblance between the carapaces of M. longispinosa n. comb. and C. ischurodous (Stebbing, 1923). Carcinoplax ischurodous has a long anterolateral tooth somewhat similar to the second anterolateral tooth of M. longispinosa n. comb. There is only one anterolateral tooth in C. ischurodous, however, and its G 1, G 2, and vulva are characteristic of Carcinoplax: slender G 1, G 2 with long flagellum (see Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 10 A-D), and an enlarged, oval vulva covered by a soft membrane.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB62557FF46FDDDFCD5FB56.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Carcinoplax surugensis Rathbun, 1932 (by present designation; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB62557FF46FDDDFCD5FB56.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From pycno, Greek for “ dense ” or “ thick ”, in reference to the diagnostic thick G 1, and plax, Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, which is derived from the generic name Carcinoplax (from karkinos, Greek for “ crab ”), to denote that four of the five species included in the new genus were formerly included in Carcinoplax sensu lato.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB62557FF46FDDDFCD5FB56.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 13 A, B; 16 A; 17; Guinot 1989: pl. 12, fig. G, as Carcinoplax meridionalis, and pl. 12, fig. F, as C. victoriensis) transversely quadrate, slightly wider than long, widest at junction of anterolateral, posterolateral borders; front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch or projection. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border (absent or barely discernible in P. bispinosa n. comb.); orbits narrow, not expanded distally; supraorbital borders slightly sinuous; suborbital borders rounded, with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders convex; posterolateral borders long, arched. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth (2 slight horizontal ridges across carapace in P. victoriensis n. comb.; Guinot 1989: pl. 12, fig. F, as Carcinoplax victoriensis) strongly convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with short, triangular tooth (absent in P. bispinosa n. comb., see Fig. 13 B); 2 anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace. Basal antennal article short, thick, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles (Figs 13 A, B; 16 A; 17) short, much shorter than front (0.2 front width); cornea spherical, only slightly expanded distally. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete (Figs 14; 15; 18). Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers moderately slender, shorter than propodus (longer in P. latifolia n. sp.), tips darker in colour (except P. victoriensis n. comb.; Poore 2004: pl. 24, fig. b). Carpus with tooth on inner margin. Dorsal margins of meri, carpi, propodi of ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) unarmed; dactyli slender, smooth, setose. Male abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, relatively wide, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in length from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than or as wide as somite 3 so that thoracic sternite 8 not visible or only leaving small portion visible (in P. bispinosa n. comb. and P. meridionalis n. comb.). G 1 (Fig. 16 C; Zarenkov 1972: fig. 6 - 2; Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: figs 158 - 162; Chen 1984: figs 4 - 5, 4 - 6; Guinot 1989: fig. 30 A, as Carcinoplax bispinosa; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 73; 1989: fig. 31 A; Chen 1984: figs 3 - 5, 3 - 6; Dai & Yang 1991: fig. 192 - 1, as C. surugensis) stout, thick, proximally broad, diagonally oriented or straight with bent distal portion, with small spinules, pointed tip. G 2 slender, slightly longer or noticeably longer than G 1, typically dark brown, flagellum shorter or almost as long as proximal part (peduncle); tip pointed (P. surugensis n. comb.), pointed with several spinules (P. meridionalis n. comb.), slightly-expanded with 2 terminal spinules (P. bispinosa n. comb., P. latifolia n. sp., P. victoriensis n. comb.). Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3 so that it leaves small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible, or somite 2 as wide as somite 3 so that thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of full-grown, mature females (Figs 15; 18) relatively small, not greatly enlarged, extending from suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7, oblong or triangular vulvar cover (no evidence of a vulvar cover in small P. surugensis n. comb.; Fig. 14).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB62557FF46FDDDFCD5FB56.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Serène & Vadon (1981: 127) suggested the inclusion of Carcinoplax bispinosa and C. surugensis in a separate genus based on their characteristic G 1. Guinot (1969 b: 526) commented on the differences between C. surugensis and other Carcinoplax species: wide sternum and abdomen, stout G 1, and a G 2 with a flagellum that is almost as long as the proximal part (peduncle) and ending in a pointed tip. It was nevertheless kept in Carcinoplax in her subsequent revision of the genus (Guinot 1989). Carcinoplax surugensis was considered closer to C. meridionalis based on the shape of the carapace (Guinot 1989: 303), even if the G 1 of the latter, which proved to be similar, was not commented upon. Two species herein included in the new genus (C. meridionalis and C. victoriensis) were included by Guinot (1989: 314) in a list of eight “ non-revised ” species of Carcinoplax that are now, with only one exception, placed in other genera. Pycnoplax n. gen. is similar in the general shape of its carapace to Carcinoplax. A case in point is the remarkable similarity between the carapaces of P. bispinosa n. comb. and C. tenuidentata n. sp. (see Remarks for P. bispinosa n. comb. below). The morphology of the G 1 of Pycnoplax n. gen. (thick and stout, in contrast to slender and dorso-ventrally thin in Carcinoplax), male abdomen (wider than in Carcinoplax), and vulva (smaller and typically having a vulvar cover in Pycnoplax n. gen. in contrast to the greatly expanded vulva lacking a vulvar cover in Carcinoplax), and a complete 6 / 7 thoracic suture (incomplete in Carcinoplax), however, clearly separates the two genera. There are also slight differences in the basal antennal article (wider in Pycnoplax n. gen. than in Carcinoplax) and the G 2 (distal part relatively longer than proximal portion in Pycnoplax n. gen., much shorter in Carcinoplax, and the presence of proximal denticles on the distal part in Pycnoplax n. gen., absent in most species of Carcinoplax).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB8255EFF49FBC6FC86FA98.taxon	description	(Figs 16; 17)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB8255EFF49FBC6FC86FA98.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Shinnyo-maru, cruise SY 96, ♂ holotype, cl 6.2 mm, cw 7.8 mm; 4 ♂♂ paratypes (cl 7.0 mm, cw 8.9 mm; cl 6.7 mm, cw 8.7 mm [parasitised by bopyrid]; cl 4.7 mm, cw 5.9 mm [parasitised by bopyrid]; cl 4.7 mm, cw 6.0 mm); 1 pre-adult ♀ paratype, cl 4.1 mm, cw 5.0 mm; 1 pre-adult female ♀ paratype cl 4.0 mm, cw 4.9 mm (CBM-ZC 4624). TYPE LOCALITY. — Japan, Izu Is, Hyotan-se Bank, 34 ° 20.75 ’ N, 139 ° 20.00 ’ E, 275 - 350 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Izu Is, Hyotan-se Bank, 34 ° 20.75 ’ N, 139 ° 20.00 ’ E, 275 - 350 m, Shinnyo-maru, cruise SY 96, stn 6, 22. X. 1996, ♂ holotype, 4 ♂♂ paratypes, 1 ♂, 2 pre-adult ♀♀ paratypes (CBM-ZC 4624).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB8255EFF49FBC6FC86FA98.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From latus, Latin for “ side ”, and folium, Latin for “ leaf ”, for the rounded, leaf-like outer orbital teeth that are characteristic of the species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB8255EFF49FBC6FC86FA98.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from Japan. Depth: 275 - 350 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB8255EFF49FBC6FC86FA98.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 16 A; 17) quadrate, slightly wider than long (1.3 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace slightly convex, without clear indication of regions. Front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch, bordered by tomentum. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders sinuous, margins granular. Suborbital borders granular, each with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. Outer orbital angle with blunt, granular tooth; 2 granular anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace; first triangular, dorso-ventrally flat, second acute, oriented dorsally; margin between anterolateral teeth nearly straight. Posterolateral borders arched. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, pterygostomial crest, merus of third maxilliped endopod with short, conspicuous granules. Eye peduncles (Figs 16 A; 17) short (0.2 front width), dorsal surface granular, cornea slightly expanded distally. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 17) nearly equal in males, females; fingers slender, longer than propodus, with blunt teeth, fingers dark brown in males except short proximal portion of dactylus, about two-thirds dark brown in females. Dactylus, propodus, carpus, merus with short granules in small specimens (granules only on merus of holotype, largest specimens); dactylus, propodus, merus with some setae in small specimens; broad, curved, acute-tipped tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) relatively short, broad articles, smooth; long, short, simple setae along inner, outer margins of articles. P 5 dactylus relatively slender, smooth; length of P 5 merus 0.6 cl. Male abdomen (Fig. 16 B) narrowly triangular, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson slightly wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae; somites 1, 2 as wide as somite 3, small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 16 C) stout, bent in outer direction; slender, spinous, pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 16 D) slender, slightly longer than G 1, slightly curved flagellum shorter than proximal part (peduncle), tip with 2 lateral spinules. Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) Female abdomen wide. Telson slightly wider than long. Somites 2, 3 cover space between P 5 coxae, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature female extending from edge of slightly deflected suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7; oblong vulvar cover along the outer half of the vulva.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFB8255EFF49FBC6FC86FA98.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Pycnoplax latifolia n. sp. is a small-size species (cl 4.1 mm, cw 4.9 mm to cl 7.0 mm, cw 8.9 mm, n = 8). The G 1 and G 2 were fully developed and the P 1 smooth and seemingly fully developed in the largest males, precluding the possibility that only pre-adult specimens were available. None of the two females examined was ovigerous but one (cl 4.1 mm, cw 5.0 mm) had fully developed pleopods and a vulvar cover, suggesting that it was a mature individual. The small number of specimens collected, all from one locality, does not exclude the possibility, however, that the species attains a larger size. It differs from its congeners by the relative size of the anterolateral teeth, particularly the second one, which is smaller and less salient than in any of the species of Pycnoplax n. gen. The overall body size of the know specimens is also much smaller than in the other species. The specimens were first identified as a possible new species of Carcinoplax by T. Komai (CBM), who generously allowed me to describe them as part of this work.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBE255DFC8EFA62FEC2F97B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Australia, Endeavour, ♂ holotype (AM E 2233); ♂ paratype (AM E 5159); 2 undetermined paratypes (AM E 6487). TYPE LOCALITY. — Australia, Victoria, off Rame Head, 37 ° 58 ’ S, 149 ° 17 ’ E, 139 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Australia. New South Wales, off Newcastle, 82 - 91 m, XI. 1931, 5 ♂♂ (ZRC 1965.11.24.4). — Stn SS 01 / 00 141, 37 ° 20.99 ’ S, 150 ° 93.63 ’ E, 15. IV. 2000, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 pre-adult (NMV J 52135). — Off Botany Bay, leg. M. Ward, X. 1924, 1 ♀ (BPBM S 1851). Victoria, stn SS 01 / 00 237, 38 ° 11.26 ’ S, 149 ° 33.59 ’ E, 320 m, 26. IV. 2000, 3 ♂♂, 1 pre-adult ♂ (NMV J 52128). South Australia, stn SS 01 / 00 351, 33 ° 16.00 ’ S, 130 ° 43.15 ’ E, 10. V. 2000, 1 ♀ (NMV J 52131). New Zealand. Tangaroa, stn TAN 0107 / 02, 35 ° 44.38 ’ S, 178 ° 29.83 ’ E, 382 m, 19. V. 2001, 3 ♂♂, 1 pre-adult ♂ (NIWA). — StnTAN 0107 / 05, 35 ° 44.38 ’ S, 178 ° 29.85 ’ E, 420 m, 19. V. 2001, 1 ♀ (NIWA). — Stn TAN 0707 / 50, 35 ° 44.38 ’ S, 178 ° 29.92 ’ E, 430 m, 19. V. 2001, 2 pre-adult (NIWA). — Stn TAN 0107 / 122, 35 ° 44.31 ’ S, 178 ° 29.79 ’ E, 939 m 20. V. 2001, 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult (NIWA). — Stn TAN 0107 / 223, 35 ° 44.26 ’ S, 178 ° 30.45 ’ E, 1045 m, 23. V. 2001, 1 ♀ (NIWA). — Stn TAN 0107 / 224, 35 ° 44.35 ’ S, 178 ° 29.74 ’ E, 200 m, 23. V. 2001, 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀, 8 pre-adult (NIWA). — Stn TAN 0107 / 229, 36 ° 08.35 ’ S, 178 ° 11.55 ’ E, 501 m, 25. V. 2006, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (NIWA). — Stn TAN 107 / 324, 1 ♀ (NIWA). Off Banks Peninsula, from Port Lyttleton fishermen, Christchurch, 2004, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (NIWA). DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from Australia (Western Australia to New South Wales, including Tasmania and Tasmanian seamounts [Poore 2004]), and New Zealand, including the Chatham Is (Dell 1968 b). Depth: 46 - 1045 m. COLOUR Carapace pink (see Poore 2004: pl. 24, figs a, b, as C. meridionalis). The carapace of specimens from New Zealand has been described as “ pale vermillion, darker anteriorly ” (McLay 1988: 258, as C. victoriensis). REMARKS Guinot (1969 b: 524) placed Carcinoplax meridionalis by itself in one of three groups of Carcinoplax species because of a sternum that was narrower, particularly between the P 1 (“ plastron sternal moins élargi, notamment entre les p 1 ”). Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 67) considered the species as “ close ” to Carcinoplax angusta (Rathbun, 1914), actually not belonging in Carcinoplax but a euryplacid (see Remarks for Carcinoplax), on account of the “ stout and smooth ” P 1 and the narrow male abdomen and G 1. The similarities in these last two characters are erroneous since both the male abdomen and the G 1 are much narrower in than in P. meridionalis n. comb. Diagnostic of the species is a second anterolateral tooth that is acute and has a curved tip (see Rathbun 1923: pl. 18, fig. 1; Guinot 1989: pl. 12, fig. G; Poore 2004: fig. 140 c, as C. meridionalis). The inner suborbital tooth is conspicuous and visible dorsally as in P. victoriensis n. comb. The G 1 is proximally thick and spinous but the distal part is narrow (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: figs 168 - 170, as C. meridionalis). The G 2 is longer than the G 1, its distal part almost as long as the proximal part (peduncle), the tip is not expanded and it has several minute spinules (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: figs 171 - 173, as C. meridionalis). The vulva has a thick, oblong vulvar cover on its outer margin. Differences with P. victoriensis n. comb., with which it is apparently sympatric, are given in the Remarks section of P. victoriensis n. comb. (see below). The East China Sea specimens identified as C. meridionalis by Chen (1984: 194, 197) do not belong to the species, which is known only from temperate Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) Australia and New Zealand. The general shape of the carapace is similar to that of P. surugensis n. comb. but the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) are shorter than in the latter. The East China Sea specimens were not available for examination. Records of Pycnoplax victoriensis (Rathbun, 1923) n. comb. from New Zealand most probably belong instead to P. meridionalis n. comb. The material, however, should be re-examined. Pycnoplax victoriensis (Rathbun, 1923) n. comb. (Fig. 18)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBE255DFC8EFA62FEC2F97B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Australia, Endeavour, ♂ holotype, cl 24.4 mm, cw 34 mm (AM E 4395); 2 pre-adult paratypes (AM E 5196). TYPE LOCALITY. — Australia, Victoria, south of Gabo I., 38 ° 09 ’ S, 149 ° 55 ’ E, 281 - 503 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Australia. Victoria, 55 km east of Gabo I., 37 ° 41.5 ’ S, 150 ° 14.0 ’ E, 458 m, Soela, 4. II. 1985, 1 ♂ (NMV J 53153). — Stn SS 01 / 00 187, 38 ° 14.91 ’ S, 149 ° 38.67 ’ E, 500 m, 21. IV. 2000, 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 4 pre-adult ♀♀ (NMV J 52213).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBE255DFC8EFA62FEC2F97B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from temperate southeastern Australia, including Tasmania (see Poore 2004). Records from New Zealand, including the Chatham Is, are questionable. Depth: 125 - 765 m. COLOUR Carapace of live individuals with large pink blotches, dark-red bands on the meri of the ambulatory legs.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBE255DFC8EFA62FEC2F97B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBD2522FC92FF31FBF1F97C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Carcinoplax crosnieri Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981 (by present designation; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBD2522FC92FF31FBF1F97C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From thyra, Greek for “ door ”, in reference of the presence of a vulvar cover that covers part the vulva like a door, and plax, Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, which is derived from the generic name Carcinoplax (from karkinos, Greek for “ crab ”), to denote that two of the species in the new genus were formerly included in the latter.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBD2522FC92FF31FBF1F97C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 20 A; 21; 23 A; 24; 25 A; 26) transversely rectangular, wider than long, widest at junction of anterolateral, posterolateral borders; front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch or projection. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border slight or absent; orbits narrow, not expanded distally; supraorbital borders short, sinuous; suborbital borders rounded, with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders short, conspicuously sinuous, with slight carina; posterolateral borders long, arched, maximum width of carapace below anterolateral tooth. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, slightly or moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with triangular, moderately acute prominence; single anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace; low prominence or notch between outer orbital angle and anterolateral tooth. Basal antennal article short, wide, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles (Figs 20 A; 21; 23 A; 24; 25 A; 26) short, much shorter than front (0.2 - 0.3 front width); cornea spherical, only slightly expanded distally. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, suture 6 / 7 complete (Figs 19; 22; Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 9 A, as Carcinoplax crosnieri). Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers moderately slender or thick, shorter than propodus, darker in colour; carpus with tooth on inner margin. Dorsal margins of meri, carpi, propodi of ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) unarmed; dactyli slender, carinated (smooth in T. cooki n. comb., T. digitodentata n. sp.), setose. Male abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, narrowly triangular, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in length from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson approximately as long as wide. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than or as short as somite 3 so that somites 1, 2 leave small, often triangular portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible, or no portion is visible (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 9 A). G 1 (Figs 20 C; 23 D; 25 C) sinuous or curved, slightly broadened proximally, stout; truncated or pointed tip. G 2 (Figs 20 D; 23 E; 25 D) slender, slightly or moderately longer than G 1, flagellum shorter than proximal part (peduncle), tip pointed or with 2 spinules. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen (female of T. digitodentata n. sp. unknown) with 6 freelymovable somites, wide. Telson triangular. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible or only small portion visible (Guinot 1969 b: fig. 60, as Carcinoplax cooki). Vulva of mature females (Figs 19; 22) small, extending from suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7, vulvar cover present.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBD2522FC92FF31FBF1F97C.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFBD2522FC92FF31FBF1F97C.taxon	description	Four of the five species of Thyraplax n. gen. have been found only on the eastern and southern limits of the Indo-West Pacific region, areas where species of Carcinoplax are absent or are fewer in number than in the western Pacific Ocean.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC32521FEABFCD8FF03FDB1.taxon	description	(Figs 13 C; 19)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC32521FEABFCD8FF03FDB1.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ holotype, cl 31.8 mm, cw 38.1 mm (MNHN-B 6834). TYPE LOCALITY. — Loyalty Islands, between Jouan Reef and Ouvéa, 20 ° 40.2 ’ S, 166 ° 58.5 ’ E, trap, 400 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 50 - 500 m, 28. XI. 2001, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0718). — 200 - 300 m, VI. 2002, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2002.0652). — 25 - 30. VII. 2003, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0719). — XII. 2003, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0779). — 50 - 500 m, 2. III. 2004, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0720). PANGLAO 2004, stn P 4, tangle nets of local fishermen, 31. V. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0177); 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0181).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC32521FEABFCD8FF03FDB1.taxon	description	PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2359, Bohol / Sulu seas sill, 08 ° 49.9 ’ N, 123 ° 34.9 ’ E, 437 - 476 m, 26. V. 2005, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 pre-adult ♀ (ZRC 2006.0199). — Stn CP 2362, Bohol / Sulu seas sill, 08 ° 56.5 ’ N, 123 ° 32.7 ’ E, 679 - 740 m, 26. V. 2005, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC32521FEABFCD8FF03FDB1.taxon	materials_examined	Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1, stn DW 1788, 09 ° 19.4 ’ S, 160 ° 15.4 ’ E, 341 - 343 m, 30. IX. 2001, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29399). New Caledonia. BIOCAL, stn CP 45, 22 ° 47 ’ S, 167 ° 15 ’ E, 430 - 465 m, 30. VIII. 1985, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29544). MUSORSTOM 4, stn DW 222, 22 ° 57.6 ’ S, 167 ° 33.0 ’ E, 410 - 440 m, 30. IX. 1985, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29422). BIOGEOGAL, stn DW 291, 20 ° 34.47 ’ S, 166 ° 54.33 ’ E, 800 m, 24. VII. 1987, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29471). BATHUS 4, stn DW 929, 18 ° 51.55 ’ S, 163 ° 23.27 ’ E, 502 - 516 m, 7. VIII. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29416). NORFOLK 2, stn DW 2053, 23 ° 40 ’ S, 168 ° 16 ’ E, 670 - 708 m, 24. X. 2003, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29766). — Stn DW 2081, 25 ° 54 ’ S, 168 ° 22 ’ E, 500 - 505 m, 28. X. 2003, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29787). Loyalty Islands. Between Jouan Reef and Ouvéa, 20 ° 40.2 ’ S, 166 ° 58.5 ’ E, trap, 400 m., 3. III. 1977, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 6834). DISTRIBUTION. — Loyalty Is (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b) and now from the Philippine Is, Solomon Is, and New Caledonia. Depth: 341 - 800 m. Specimens were also obtained from tangle nets of local fishermen in the Philippines that obtained material from estimated depths of 50 - 500 m. COLOUR Photographs of freshly collected material from the Philippine Is (PANGLAO 2005) showed an orange carapace. Recently-preserved material also from the Philippine Is had irregular, thin, bright-orange lines and irregular spots on the carapace, chelipeds, Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) and the meri of the ambulatory legs. The specimen from Japan shown by Ikeda (1998), however, is mostly orange. REMARKS The large size of the male holotype (cl 31.8 mm, cw 38.1 mm, MNHN-B 6834), which was collected from traps, exhibits some important differences from the rest of the material available for examination, which was dredged. The additional material includes eight much smaller males varying from cl 13.9 mm, cw 18.1 mm (New Caledonia, MNHN-B 29399) to cl 21.4 mm, cw 27.0 mm (Philippine Is, ZRC 2004.0720). The tooth-like tubercles at the base of the telson of the holotype (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: 252) are obsolete or much smaller and obtuse in smaller males. More significant are differences in the G 1 and G 2. The distal portion of the G 1 of the holotype (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 10 I-K) is thicker, straighter, and provided with more denticles and the basal portion slightly wider than in the smaller males, where the distal third is bent outwardly. A short row of plumose setae was found on the outer margin of the base of the distal portion in a small male (cl 16.5 mm, cw 21.5 mm, ZRC 2004.0720). The G 1 is nearly straight, however, in a medium size individual (cl 12.5 mm, cw 15.7 mm; ZRC 2006.0199). The G 2 of the holotype is similarly straighter than in the smaller males. These differences appear to be due to size rather than species-specific. The examination of the G 1 and G 2 of specimens that are intermediate in size between the males examined here and the holotype should confirm or reject this assumption. The vulva of small females is oval, extending from suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7, and partially covered with a triangular vulvar cover on the postero-lateral margin. In larger females (Fig. 19) the vulva is crescent-shaped and the vulvar cover is thicker and larger than in small females. The vulvar cover overhangs the vulva to almost reach the inner margin, thus creating two apertures, an anterior and a posterior one. Thyraplax crosnieri n. comb. is close to T. cooki (Rathbun, 1906) n. comb. Differences between the two species are outlined in the Remarks section for the latter (see below); differences between all five species of Thyraplax n. gen. are summarized in Table 3.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC12526FF2CFD5BFE9FF97C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Albatross, stn 3866, ♂ holotype, cl 12.7 mm, cw 14.9 mm (USNM 29364). TYPE LOCALITY. — Hawaiian Islands, Pailolo Channel between Moloka‘i and Maui, 468 - 538 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Hawaiian Islands. Pailolo Channel, between Moloka‘i and Maui, Albatross, stn 3866, 21 ° 12 ’ N, 156 ° 35 ’ W, 468 - 538 m, 10. IV. 1902, ♂ holotype (USNM 29364). — Pailolo Channel, Mokukroniki islet, Albatross, stn 3865, 21 ° 09 ’ N, 156 ° 35 ’ W, 468 m, 10. IV. 1902, California Academy of Sciences leg., 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10557). New Caledonia. BERYX 11, stn DW 09, 24 ° 52 ’ S, 168 ° 22 ’ E, 635 - 680 m, 15. X. 1992, 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29564). NORFOLK 2, stn DW 2055, 23 ° 39 ’ S, 168 ° 16 ’ E, 900 - 950 m, 24. X. 2003, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29765). French Polynesia. Austral Is, BENTHAUS 2002, stn DW 1889, 27 ° 36.8 ’ S, 144 ° 15.7 ’ W, 600 - 620 m, 7. XI. 2002, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29789). — Stn DW 1957, 23 ° 18.8 ’ S, 149 ° 29.3 ’ W, 558 - 1000 m, 18. XI. 2002, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29782). — Stn DW 1961, 23 ° 29.9 ’ S, 149 ° 33.5 ’ W, 470 - 800 m, 19. XI. 2002, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29783). — Stn DW 1965, 23 ° 21.3 ’ S, 149 ° 33.9 ’ W, 500 - 1200 m, 19. XI. 2002, 1 ♀ (MNHN- B 29785). — Stn DW 2004, 22 ° 27.7 ’ S, 151 ° 18.7 ’ W, 430 - 850 m, 24. XI. 2002, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29788). — Stn DW 2010, 22 ° 32.4 ’ S, 151 ° 20.8 ’ W, 520 - 950 m, 24. XI. 2002, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29781). Marquesas Is, MUSORSTOM 9, stn DW 1275, 07 ° 53 ’ S, 140 ° 38 ’ W, 627 m, 5. IX. 1997, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29548). — Stn CP 1276, 07 ° 52 ’ S, 140 ° 37 ’ W, 800 - 805 m, 5. IX. 1997, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29549). DISTRIBUTION. — Hawaiian Is (Rathbun 1906) and now French Polynesia, Fiji, and New Caledonia. Depth: 430 - 1000 m. Also dredged from a station recorded at 500 - 1200 m. REMARKS Guinot (1969 b: 524) placed T. cooki n. comb. by itself in one of three groups of Carcinoplax sensu lato. Several characters were given for this classification: G 1 “ analogous ” to those of C. longimana (de Haan, 1833), relatively narrow sternum (particularly near the chelipeds and on the posterior portion), and narrow male abdomen. Thyraplax cooki n. comb. is close to T. crosnieri n. comb. in the shape of the carapace, the size of the chelipeds (P 1), and in the relative length of the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5). The anterolateral margin of T. cooki n. comb. has a slight tooth-like eminence (see Guinot 1989: fig. 42, pl. 11, fig. G), which was described as a “ blunt obtuse-angled tooth ” in the original description (Rathbun 1906: 835). In contrast, the margin of T. crosnieri n. comb. has a slight carina that is sometimes marked by a median notch (Fig. 13 C). The anterolateral teeth are dorsally oriented (although more conspicuously so in T. cooki n. comb.) and obtuse in both species, but were nevertheless found to be acute in some specimens of T. cooki n. comb. The main differences that separate the two species are in the morphologies of their G 1, G 2, and vulvae respectively. The G 1 of T. cooki n. comb. is slender, straight, and its distal portions provided with small teeth (Guinot 1969 b: fig. 77 a, b) whereas that of T. crosnieri n. comb. is stouter and the distal third portion bent outwardly (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 10 I). The G 2 of T. cooki n. comb. is straight, with two equal apical spinules (Guinot 1969 b: fig. 78) whereas that of T. crosnieri n. comb. is slightly bent distally and the tip has two unequal spinules (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 10 L). The vulva of T. cooki n. comb. is large, round, and it extends from su- ture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7 of thoracic sternite 6. Each vulva has a small, spherical, low vulvar cover on its postero-external margin that does not reach the anterior margin of the vulva. The vulva of T. crosnieri n. comb. (Fig. 19) is in the same position but the opening is oval, smaller than in T. cooki n. comb., and the vulvar cover is large and triangular. Somite 6 of the abdomen of the male holotype (USNM 29364) and of a second male from the type locality (MNHN-B 10557) showed a slight triangular eminence on the outer margin of each distal end, a character not observed among the males from French Polynesia and New Caledonia that were examined. Otherwise, all other characters of the two Hawaiian specimens agreed with those from southern localities.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC6252AFC93FB44FE73FA98.taxon	description	(Figs 20 - 22)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC6252AFC93FB44FE73FA98.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — French Polynesia, SMSRB collections, ♂ holotype, cl 15.1 mm, cw 19.2 mm (MNHN-B 29801). — SMSRB collections, stn 258, ♀ paratype, cl 14.2 mm, cw 19.1 mm (MNHN-B 29805). — French Polynesia, SMSRB collections, ♀ paratype, cl 14.9 mm, cw 19.9 mm (MNHN-B 29806). — French Polynesia, SMSRB collections, ♂ paratype, cl 16.0 mm, cw 20.7 mm (MNHN-B 16572). TYPE LOCALITY. — French Polynesia, Tuamotu Archipelago, Fangataufa Atoll, 22 ° 11.7 ’ S, 138 ° 44.3 ’ W, 500 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — French Polynesia. Society Is, SMSRB collections, J. Poupin coll., stn 258, Moorea, 17 ° 31.9 ’ S, 149 ° 53.3 ’ W, trap, 430 m, 18. VI. 1990, 1 paratype ♀ (MNHN-B 29805). Tuamotu Archipelago, SMSRB collections, Moruroa Atoll, 1984, ♂ paratype (MNHN-B 16572). — SM- SRB collections, J. Poupin coll., stn D 53, Moruroa Atoll, 21 ° 51.45 ’ S, 139 ° 01.98 ’ W, dredging, 439 m, 17. X. 1990, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29804). — Stn 317, Moruroa Atoll, 21 ° 53.8 ’ S, 139 ° 01.6 ’ W, trap, 500 m, 19. X. 1990, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29802). — Stn 320, Moruroa Atoll, 21 ° 53.7 ’ S, 138 ° 59.3 ’ W, trap, 510 m, 21. X. 1990, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29800). — Stn 323, Fangataufa Atoll, 22 ° 13.2 ’ S, 138 ° 42.7 ’ W, trap, 500 m, 13. X. 1990, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29817). — Stn 234, Fangataufa Atoll, 22 ° 15.0 ’ S, 138 ° 46.0 ’ W, trap, 250 m, 22. V. 1990, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29803). — Stn 473, Moruroa Atoll, 21 ° 47.0 ’ S, 138 ° 55.5 ’ W, trap, 465 m, 10. IV. 1995, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29807). — Stn 476, Moruroa Atoll, 21 ° 51.3 ’ S, 139 ° 01.2 ’ W, trap, 470 m, 11. IV. 1995, ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 29806). — Stn 485, Fangataufa Atoll, 22 ° 11.7 ’ S, 138 ° 44.3 ’ W, trap, 500 m, 24. IV. 1995, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 29801).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC6252AFC93FB44FE73FA98.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From crista, Latin for “ ridge ” or “ crest ”, in reference to the carina-like ridges along the anterolateral borders of the carapace.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC6252AFC93FB44FE73FA98.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from French Polynesia (Society Is and Tuamotu Archipelago). Depth: 250 - 510 m. Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC6252AFC93FB44FE73FA98.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 20 A; 21; Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. b, as Carcinoplax aff. cooki) transversely rectangular, slightly wider than long (1.3 as wide as long in holotype), anterolateral borders arched, with thin carina-like crest. Carapace slightly convex, nearly flat, without clear indication of regions. Front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch. Distinct notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders sinuous, orbits low on anterior border. Suborbital borders smooth, each with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. Outer orbital angle with triangular, moderately acute prominence continuing as a carina-like crest to just above anterolateral tooth; weak notch (may be absent on one side) on each anterolateral border halfway between outer orbital angle and anterolateral tooth; thick to slender, acute-tipped anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace. Posterolateral borders long, arched, widest portion of carapace below anterolateral teeth. Eye peduncles (Figs 20 A; 21) short (0.3 front width), smooth, cornea slightly expanded distally. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 21; Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. b, as Carcinoplax aff. cooki) nearly equal in males, females, slightly heavier in males; fingers slender, as long as propodus, with blunt teeth, less than half to about three-quarters of distal portion of fingers dark brown. Broad, blunt tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) moderately long, slender, smooth, very few simple setae; length of P 5 merus 0.7 - 0.8 cl; P 5 propodus wide, with 2 low carinae on both surfaces; dactyli long, slender, wide carina along both surfaces. Male abdomen (Fig. 20 B) broadly triangular, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson slightly wider than long. Somites 3, 4 slightly inflated near outer margins, somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae; somites 1, 2 slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. G 1 (Fig. 20 C) stout, small teeth along outer margin Castro P. of distal portion; thick, straight, pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 20 D) slender, slightly longer than G 1, slightly curved flagellum slightly shorter than proximal part (peduncle), pointed tip. Female abdomen wide. Telson triangular. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. Vulva of mature females (Fig. 22) large, extending from edge of anteriorly deflected suture 5 / 6 to suture 6 / 7; slightly vaulted (salient in larger females) vulvar cover over outer third of aperture, membrane covers rest of aperture leaving narrow space open along inner margin. COLOUR Carapace orange with irregular white spots; chelipeds mostly orange, tips of fingers dark brown, ambulatory legs white, each with two irregular orange spots (Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. b, as Carcinoplax aff. cooki).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC6252AFC93FB44FE73FA98.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The new species is closest to T. crosnieri n. comb. from which it can be easily distinguished by its much smaller, more slender, and anteriorly oriented anterolateral teeth (obtuse and dorsally oriented in T. crosnieri n. comb.; Fig. 13 C), ambulatory leg propodi much broader than in T. crosnieri n. comb., straight G 1 (bent outwardly in T. crosnieri n. comb.; Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 10 I), straight G 2 with pointed tip (bent with two spinules in T. crosnieri n. comb.; Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 10 L), vulva with a vaulted vulvar cover on its outer margin (in T. crosnieri n. comb. the vulvar cover is large and salient, covering most of the crescent-shaped vulva; triangular and posterior in small mature females; Fig. 19). Differences between the T. cristata n. sp. and T. truncata n. sp., a similar but small-size species, are discussed in the description of the latter. Differ- ences between all five species of Thyraplax n. gen. are summarized in Table 3.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCA2528FF66FA62FF03FC35.taxon	description	(Figs 23; 24)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCA2528FF66FA62FF03FC35.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ holotype, cl 8.8 mm, cw 10.8 mm, SMSRB collections, French Polynesia (MNHN-B 29433); ♂ paratype, cw 11.3 mm, SMSRB collections, French Polynesia (MNHN-B 29799). TYPE LOCALITY. — French Polynesia, Tuamotu Archipelago, Moruroa Atoll, 21 ° 47.7 ’ S, 138 ° 56.1 ’ W, 560 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — French Polynesia. Tuamotu Archipelago, SMSRB collections, J. Poupin coll., Moruroa Atoll, 21 ° 47.7 ’ S, 138 ° 56.1 ’ W, cage, 560 m, 2. XII. 1989, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 29433). — Stn 242, Maria Is, 22 ° 00.0 ’ S, 136 ° 12.0 ’ W, cage, 670 m, 30. V. 1990, ♂ paratype (MNHN-B 29799).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCA2528FF66FA62FF03FC35.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From digitus, Latin for “ finger ”, and dens, Latin for “ tooth ”, in reference to the diagnostic P 5 dactylus that is armed with minute teeth.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCA2528FF66FA62FF03FC35.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia. Depth: 560 - 670 m. Castro P.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCA2528FF66FA62FF03FC35.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 23 A; 24; Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. c, as Carcinoplax aff. crosnieri) transversely rectangular, slightly wider than long (1.2 as wide as long in holotype), anterolateral borders arched, with a slight carina-like crest. Carapace slightly convex, without clear indication of regions. Front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border absent. Supraorbital borders sinuous, orbits low on anterior border. Suborbital borders granular, each with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. Outer orbital angle with triangular, moderately acute prominence continuing as a slight carina-like crest to just above anterolateral tooth; anterolateral border without notch or slight tooth between outer orbital angle and anterolateral tooth; single short, slender, acute-tipped anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace. Posterolateral borders long, arched, widest portion of carapace below anterolateral teeth. Eye peduncles (Figs 23 A; 24) short (0.3 front width), smooth, cornea slightly expanded distally. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 24; Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. c, as Carcinoplax aff. crosnieri) nearly equal (female unknown); fingers thick, as long as thick propodus, with blunt teeth, completely dark brown. Carpus, merus short, thick; broad, blunt tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) moderately long, slender, smooth, very few simple setae; length of P 5 merus 0.7 cl (holotype); propodi narrow, smooth; dactyli long, slender; P 5 dactylus (Fig. 23 B) with slender spines along anterior, posterior borders. Male abdomen (Fig. 23 C) narrowly triangular, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson longer than wide. Somite 6 longer than 5, somite 3 slightly inflated near outer margins, somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae; somites 1, 2 slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. G 1 (Fig. 23 D) stout but slender distally, minute teeth along margins; bent, keel-like distal portion, pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 23 E) slender, slightly longer than G 1, slightly curved flagellum shorter than basal part, tip with long, lateral spinule. Female unknown. COLOUR Carapace, chelipeds, and ambulatory legs white, tips of fingers black (Poupin 1996 b: pl. 16, fig. c, as Carcinoplax aff. crosnieri).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCA2528FF66FA62FF03FC35.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The new species is known from only two male specimens, in one of which the dorsal surface of the carapace is damaged. The two specimens are so different from the other four known species of Thyraplax n. gen., however, that they warrant their description as a new species. Thyraplax digitodentata n. sp. is closest to T. cristata n. sp. in the general shape of the carapace. The P 5 dactylus of T. digitodentata n. sp. has a smooth surface with minute teeth along the margins (Fig. 23 B) (carinated surface without teeth or setae in T. cristata n. sp.), the suborbital border is granular (smooth in T. cristata n. sp.), G 1 with thin distal portion with denticles only along margins (Fig. 23 D) (thick tip with denticles along surface of distal portion in T. cristata n. sp.; Fig. 20 C), G 2 with one pointed, lateral spinule on its tip (Fig. 23 E) (tip pointed in T. cristata n. sp.; Fig. 20 D), and noticeably narrower male abdomen (Fig. 23 C) than in T. cristata n. sp., the telson being longer than wide in contrast to wider than long in T. cristata n. sp. (Fig. 20 B). Differences between the new species and the other species of Thyraplax n. gen. are summarized in Table 3.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC8252EFF4DFBC6FE89FBB6.taxon	description	(Figs 25; 26)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC8252EFF4DFBC6FE89FBB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — BORDAU 1, stn CP 1481, ♂ holotype, cl 8.7 mm, cw 11.6 mm (MNHN-B 29547). Specimen with a rhizocephalan parasite (Thompsonia sp.) on P 1 - P 4 and gonopods. Paratypes: 4 ♂♂ (including 1 pre-adult) from New Caledonia as listed under Material examined. TYPE LOCALITY. — Fiji, Lau submarine ridge, 20 ° 57 ’ S, 178 ° 45 ’ W, 441 - 506 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia. SMIB 3, stn DW 22, 23 ° 03 ’ S, 167 ° 19.1 ’ E, 503 m, 24. V. 1987, 1 ♂ paratype, cl 7.0 mm, cw 8.9 mm; 1 ♂ paratype, parasitised by Sacculina, cl 7.2 mm, cw 9.2 mm (MNHN-B 29473). BERYX 11, stn CP 21, 24 ° 44 ’ S, 168 ° 07 ’ E, 430 - 450 m, 17. X. 1992, 1 ♂ paratype, cl 7.1 mm, cw 9.1 mm (MNHN-B 29545).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC8252EFF4DFBC6FE89FBB6.taxon	description	BATHUS 2, stn DW 719, 22 ° 47.57 ’ S, 167 ° 14.58 ’ E, 444 - 445 m, 11. V. 1993, 1 pre-adult ♂ paratype, cl 5.6 mm, cw 7.0 mm (MNHN-B 29546).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFC8252EFF4DFBC6FE89FBB6.taxon	materials_examined	Fiji. BORDAU 1, stn CP 1481, 20 ° 57 ’ S, 178 ° 45 ’ W, 441 - 506 m, 9. III. 1999, ♂ holotype, parasitised by Thompsonia, cl 8.7 mm, cw 11.6 mm (MNHN-B 29547). ETYMOLOGY. — From truncus, Latin for something that has been “ maimed ” or “ cut off ”, in reference to the attenuated shape of the G 1 diagnostic of the species. DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from New Caledonia and Fiji. Depth: 430 - 500 m. DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 25 A; 26) transversely rectangular, slightly wider than long (1.3 as wide as long in holotype), anterolateral borders arched, with thin carina-like crest. Carapace slightly convex, nearly flat, without clear indication of regions. Front lamellar, straight, not marked by median notch. Distinct notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders sinuous, orbits low on anterior border. Suborbital borders smooth, each with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. Outer orbital angle with triangular, moderately acute prominence continuing as a short carina-like crest to just above anterolateral tooth; slight notch on each anterolateral border halfway between outer orbital angle and anterolateral tooth; slender, acutetipped anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace. Posterolateral borders long, arched, widest portion of carapace behind anterolateral teeth. Eye peduncles (Figs 25 A; 26) short (0.3 front width), smooth, cornea slightly expanded distally. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 26) nearly equal (female unknown); fingers slender, about half propodus length, with blunt teeth, less than half to about three-quarters of distal portion of fingers dark brown. Broad, blunt, slightly curved tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) moderately long, slender, smooth, very few simple setae; length of P 5 merus 0.6 - 0.7 cl; P 5 propodi wide, smooth; dactyli long, slender, smooth. Male abdomen (Fig. 25 B) broadly triangular, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson slightly wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae; somites 1, 2 slightly narrower than somite 3, thoracic sternite 8 not visible. G 1 (Fig. 25 C) stout, minute teeth along margins of distal portion; truncated tip. G 2 (Fig. 25 D) slender, slightly longer than G 1, slightly curved flagellum shorter than proximal part (peduncle), tip slightly expanded with 1 lateral spinule. Female unknown. REMARKS The new species is known from only five small males from New Caledonia and Fiji. They are all close to T. cristata n. sp., which is known from larger specimens from French Polynesia, except for some significant characters: G 1 with numerous, minute teeth along the distal portion and a truncated tip (Fig. 25 C) (G 1 of T. cristata n. sp. with many denticles along the distal portion and a thick, pointed tip; Fig. 20 C), G 2 having a tip with one long, lateral spinule (Fig. 25 D) (G 2 of T. cristata n. sp. with a simple, pointed tip; Fig. 20 D), and smooth P 5 propodus and dactylus (propodus and dactylus with two low carinae on both surfaces in T. cristata n. sp.). Abdominal somites 3 and 4 lack the slightly inflated region near the outer margins characteristic of T. cristata n. sp. The fully formed G 1 (which is simpler in the smallest specimen, cl 5.6 mm, cw 7.0 mm [MNHN-B 29546]) and the presence of different G 2 precludes the possibility Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) that the new species may actually represent the pre-adult of T. truncata n. sp. Differences between T. truncata n. sp. and the remaining four species of Thyraplax n. gen. are summarized in Table 3.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCE252CFF10FB47FC3CFC35.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Ocypoda bispinosa Lamarck, 1801 (gender feminine). Name placed in Official List of Names in Zoology (with the officially designated type species) in Opinion 85, Direction 37 (see Melville & Smith 1987: 99). EXTANT SPECIES INCLUDED. — Goneplax rhomboides (Linnaeus, 1758); G. barnardi (Capart, 1951) n. comb.; G. clevai Guinot & Castro, 2007; G. sigsbei (A. Milne- Edwards, 1880). All species are restricted to the Western and Eastern Atlantic regions; one species (G. rhomboides) is also found in the Mediterranean Sea. Goneplax clevai is found in the Eastern Atlantic and the southeastern coast of South Africa, thus ranging into the Indo-West Pacific region. FOSSIL SPECIES INCLUDED (Karasawa & Kato [2003 b]). — Seven species are listed by Karasawa & Kato (2003 b): Goneplax arenicola (Glaessner, 1960), G. craverii Crema, 1895, G. formosa Ristori, 1886, G. meneghinii Ristori, 1886, G. gulderi Bachmayer, 1853, G. saccoi Crema, 1895, and Goneplax sp. cf. G. saccoi Crema, 1895.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCE252CFF10FB47FC3CFC35.taxon	description	SPECIES NOT INCLUDED IN GONEPLAX. — Goneplax maldivensis Rathbun, 1902 (in family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871; Otmaroplax maldivensis nomen nudum in Števčić 2005).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCE252CFF10FB47FC3CFC35.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace (Fig. 27 A, B) transversely rectangular to trapezoidal, much wider than long; widest at anterolateral teeth posterior to conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front slightly deflected ventrally, slightly concave or straight, not marked by slight median notch or projection. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border distinct, slight, or absent; orbits wide, greatly expanded distally (moderately expanded in G. barnardi n. comb.); supraorbital borders conspicuously sinuous; suborbital borders sinuous, with slight, wide obtuse inner tooth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders short, straight or slightly convex. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, with slight horizontal ridges, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with conspicuous, acute tooth; single acute anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace (short, obtuse, or obsolete in some specimens of G. rhomboides; see Macpherson 1983: fig. 18). Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles (Fig. 27 A, B) long, shorter to as long as front (0.4 - 1.0 front width); cornea spherical to elongated. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Fig. 27 A, B) long, slender, straight or slightly curved, shorter than elongated propodus; variable portion of dactylus darker in colour, tip light; carpus with tooth on inner margin (absent in large individuals). Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri (Fig. 27 A, B) with acute distal tooth; dactyli slender, with carina on each side, setose. Male abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, narrowly triangular, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson slightly longer than wide. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 much narrower than somite 3 so that somites 1, 2 leave relatively large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible (Guinot 1969 b: figs 63, 64, 68). G 1 (Capart 1951: figs 10 - 12; Türkay 1976: fig. 28; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 71 a, b; 1989: fig. 46 A, as Carcinoplax barnardi; Guinot & Castro 2007: fig. 3 C) long, slender, thin, slightly sinuous, only slightly broadened proximally; pointed, thin tip. G 2 (Capart 1951: figs 4, 5, 12; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 72; 1989: fig. 46 B, as Carcinoplax barnardi; Guinot & Castro 2007: fig. 3 D) slender, slightly longer or slightly shorter than G 1, flagellum shorter than proximal part (peduncle), curved; slightly-expanded tip with 1 or 2 spinules. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3 but somites 1, 2 leave relatively large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females round, extending from oblique 5 / 6 suture to 6 / 7 suture or to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, covered by soft membrane, vulvar cover absent.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFCE252CFF10FB47FC3CFC35.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Examination of numerous specimens of the type species of Goneplax, G. rhomboides (Linnaeus, 1758), plus three other species sharing several important characters with the type species, clearly shows that Goneplax should be restricted to these four species. All four species are found in the Atlantic Ocean although one species (G. rhomboides) is also found in the Mediterranean Sea, while another (G. clevai Guinot & Castro, 2007), spans the Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts of Africa and hence is found in both the Eastern Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific regions. The implication that Goneplax should be restricted to species found outside the Indo-West Pacific region was first expressed by Guinot (1969 b: 520). Serène & Vadon (1981: 126) suggested the creation of “ one or two new genera ” for two Indo-West Pacific species, Goneplax renoculis Rathbun, 1914, and G. sinuatifrons Miers, 1886. Serène & Soh (1976) had previously erected the genus Singhaplax for two Indo-West Pacific species previously attributed to Goneplax: G. nipponensis Yokoya, 1933, and G. ockelmanni Serène, 1971 (see Remarks for Singhaplax below). More recently, Števčić (2005) included two of the Indo-West Pacific species of Goneplax sensu lato (G. maldivensis Rathbun, 1902, actually a euryplacid, and G. sinuatifrons) in two new genera. The taxa were listed without giving descriptions or definitions to differentiate them from other genera, therefore they must be considered nomina nuda (ICZN 1999: Article 13 a). The six Indo-West Pacific species of Goneplax sensu stricto remaining after the description of Singhaplax Serène & Soh, 1976, are herein placed in five separate genera, Goneplacoides n. gen., Hadroplax n. gen., Microgoneplax n. gen., Neogoneplax n. gen., and Paragoneplax n. gen. A seventh species, G. maldivensis, is being placed in the family Euryplacidae. The five new genera, as well as Ommatocarcinus White, 1852, and Neommatocarcinus Takeda & Miyake, 1969, share with Goneplax sensu stricto and Singhaplax elongated orbits and eye peduncles and wide, transversely rectangular and relatively short carapaces with conspicuous, often acute outer orbital teeth. Also included in this group is Frevillea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, and G. maldivensis, both euryplacids. The use of carapace shape to separate between Goneplax sensu stricto and Carcinoplax sensu stricto is only a matter of convenience (see Remarks for subfamily Goneplacinae above). The evolution of elongated eye peduncles among brachyuran crabs was suggested by Barnes (1968) as an adaptation to a burrowing mode of life and the avoidance of predators while feeding on the surface of the sediment. Other characters that separate Goneplax sensu stricto from the six Indo-West Pacific genera containing species that were formerly included in Goneplax sensu lato are summarized in Table 4. Rathbun (1897: 167) clarified the validity of the original name Goneplax over Goneplat or Gonoplax, which are considered typographical errors (also see Melville & Smith 1987: 99).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD22533FD00FAA5FBB8FD72.taxon	description	(Fig. 27 B)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD22533FD00FAA5FBB8FD72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult ♂, 2 ♀♀ syntypes (IRSNB 16808). TYPE LOCALITY. — Off northern coast of Angola, 350 - 420 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Congo (Democratic Republic). Pointe Noire, 05 ° 00 ’ S, 11 ° 19 ’ E, 405 - 410 m, A. Crosnier coll., 15. III. 1967, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10107). — 05 ° 06 ’ S, 11 ° 26 ’ E, 345 - 355 m, 18. III. 1967, 3 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10108). Angola. Campagne ZAIANGO-BIOL 2, stn CP 09, 07 ° 17.67 ’ S, 12 ° 04.67 ’ E, 360 - 367 m, 29. VIII. 2000, 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 27933). DISTRIBUTION. — Western Atlantic along the west coast of Africa from Western Sahara and Cabo Verde Is to Angola. Depth: 200 - 586 m. REMARKS Capart (1951: 172) described Goneplax barnardi n. comb. under Carcinoplax on account of the shape of the carapace, the relatively short eye peduncles, and “ the other characteristics of the genus ”. He agreed that Carcinoplax was nevertheless close to Goneplax and that the male first pleopods of his new species were difficult to be used as a diagnostic character. In contrast to Carcinoplax, G. barnardi n. comb. has longer eye peduncles, the dorsal margins of the ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri are armed with an acute distal tooth (although present in C. spinosissima Rathbun, 1914), and the dactyli are slender and have a carina on each side. Sakai (1976: 531, as Carcinoplax barnardi) mentioned that the species “ seems to belong to Psopheticus, near P. insignis ” but without giving any explanations. Goneplax barnardi n. comb. may be distinguished from G. rhomboides and G. clevai, which are also found along the West African coast, by the rounded anterolateral borders of its carapace and the presence of conspicuous tubercles on the subhepatic region (Fig. 27 B). The borders are straight or nearly straight and the subhepatic region lacks large tubercles in G. rhomboides (Fig. 27 A) and G. clevai (see Guinot 1989: fig. 45, as [Carcinoplax] barnardi; Guinot & Castro 2007: figs 1 - 3). Also diagnostic is the length of its eye peduncles. They are much shorter in G. barnardi n. comb. (0.4 front width; Fig. 27 B) than in G. rhomboides, where it is as long as or slightly longer than the front width (Fig. 27 A), or in G. clevai, where they are slightly shorter than the front width (0.8 front width). There are also probable differences in colour. Goneplax barnardi n. comb. was described as “ rose bistre ” (dark-brown pink) (Capart 1951: 172), while G. rhomboides is known to have a “ yellow to pale red, sometimes fringed with violet ” carapace and “ yellow to orange ” chelipeds and ambulatory legs (Ingle 1980: 109). Goneplax clevai was described by Barnard (1950: 285, as G. angulata) as “ pale pink, or salmon, or pinky-cream, carapace and chelipeds more or less vermiculate or mottled ”. A freshly preserved specimen had irregular, purple-pink reticulations on the anterior portion of the carapace; the dorsal surfaces of the chelipeds and eye peduncles were light purplepink (see Guinot & Castro 2007: fig. 2 B).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD32531FD69FD1BFE15FBD5.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ holotype, cl 24 mm, cw 40 mm, Angola, 6 ° 18 ’ S, 11 ° 34 ’ E, 140 - 150 m, 17 - 21. IX. 1948 (IRSNB 13599). Paratypes: 1 ♂ (IRSNB 13597), 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 19584), 1 ♂ (IRSNB 13602), 5 ♂♂ (IRSNB 13601), 1 pre-adult (IRSNB 13597), Angola. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — South AFrica. Algoa Bay, H. A. Spencer coll., 4 ♂♂ (BMNH 1896.5.19.5.8). — Port Elizabeth, H. A. Spencer coll., 1 ♂ (BMNH 1891.10.22.2). — Port Elizabeth, local trawlers, 1. XII. 2003, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0700). 26 km northeast of Bird I., 73 m, Natal Government Museum leg., 1 ♂ (BMNH 1917.619.29) (also see material examined in Guinot & Castro 2007). TYPE LOCALITY. — Off northern coast of Angola, 140 - 150 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD32531FD69FD1BFE15FBD5.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — From Western Atlantic coast of Ivory Coast to the Indian Ocean coast off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Depth: approximately 10 - 700 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD32531FD69FD1BFE15FBD5.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Goneplax clevai, which is restricted to the southern Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa, was long confused with G. rhomboides. The two species are sympatric along the coast of West Africa but the extent of their overlap remains unknown because many African records of G. rhomboides in the literature are most probably from misidentified specimens.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD12531FF2EFBA7FC9AFD72.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — 1 ♂ syntype, cl 8.2 mm, cw 13.0 mm; 1 ovig. ♀ syntype, cl 7.3 mm (MNHN-B 10199). TYPE LOCALITY. — West Indies, southwest of Grenada, 11 ° 27.00 ’ N, 62 ° 11.00 ’ W- 11 ° 25.00 ’ N, 62 ° 04.25 ’ W, 120 - 300 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — West Indies. Blake, stn 287, 14 - 91 m, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ syntypes (MNHN-B 10199). DISTRIBUTION. — Western Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina, USA to the southeastern West Indies. Depth: 14 - 300 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD12531FF2EFBA7FC9AFD72.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD12536FCA7FD1AFBA6FB77.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Goneplax marivenae Komatsu & Takeda, 2003 (by present designation and by monotypy; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD12536FCA7FD1AFBA6FB77.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From - oides, Greek suffix for having the form of, and the generic name Goneplax, to indicate that although the species included in the new genus superficially resembles Goneplax in the shape of its carapace and its elongated eye peduncles, it actually belongs to a separate genus.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD12536FCA7FD1AFBA6FB77.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 28 A) transversely rectangular, much wider than long; widest at conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front slightly deflected ventrally, sinuous, marked by 2 slight emarginations, small median projection between emarginations. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border slight or absent; orbits wide, greatly expanded distally; supraorbital borders conspicuously sinuous; suborbital borders sinuous, with slight, obtuse inner tooth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders short, straight. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with conspicuous, acute tooth; acute anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace. Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article nearly reaches front. Eye peduncles (Fig. 28 A) relatively long, shorter than front (0.5 front width); cornea strongly reniform, dorsoventrally flattened, nearly divided into anterior and posterior portions. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds nearly completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped merus (P 1) against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete (Fig. 29; Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig. 3 a, as Goneplax marivenae). Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Fig. 28 A) long, slender, shovel-like, curved, shorter than elongated propodus; dactylus light in colour, without dark portion. Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri (Fig. 28 A) unarmed; dactyli of P 2 - P 4 slender, without carina on each side, setose; P 5 dorso-ventrally flattened, wide, without carina, bordered by long, simple setae (Fig. 28 A). Male abdomen (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig. 3 b, as Goneplax marivenae, fig. 6 a, b, as G. megalops; Ng & Manuel-Santos 2007: fig. 9 B, as “ Goneplax ” marivenae) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, wide, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wide, only slightly longer than wide. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible (Ng & Manuel-Santos 2007: figs 10 B, 11 B, as “ Goneplax ” marivenae). G 1 (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig. 3 c, d, as Goneplax marivenae, fig. 6 c, d, as G. megalops) long, slender, slightly sinuous, slightly broadened proximally. G 2 (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig. 3 e, as Goneplax marivenae, fig. 6 e, as G. megalops) slender, slightly longer than G 1, flagellum slightly longer than proximal part (peduncle), nearly coiled, tip pointed. Penis arising from P 5 coxa (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig. 3 a, as Goneplax marivenae; Ng & Manuel-Santos 2007: fig. 13 B, as “ Goneplax ” marivenae), moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva (Fig. 29) of mature females not expanded, small, round, extending from 5 / 6 suture to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover absent, covered by soft membrane.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD12536FCA7FD1AFBA6FB77.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The new genus consists of an Indo-West Pacific species originally described as Goneplax marivenae. Several characters separate Goneplacoides n. gen. from Goneplax sensu stricto and from Hadroplax n. gen., Microgoneplax n. gen., Neogoneplax n. gen., Paragoneplax n. gen., and Singhaplax Serène & Soh, 1976, the five Indo-West Pacific genera derived from Goneplax sensu lato (see Table 4). Characteristic of Goneplacoides n. gen. is a G 2 that is coiled distally (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: figs 3 e, 6 e, as Goneplax megalops), not straight or slightly curved as in the other genera. The male abdomen is wide and the vulva lacks a vulvar cover. The eye peduncle is shorter (0.5 of the front width) than in the remaining five genera. The propodus and dactylus of P 2 - P 5 are broadened, fringed by conspicuous setae (Fig. 28 A), and the dactylus lacks a carina on each side instead of having a more slender propodus and a long and slender dactylus with a carina on each side and no conspicuous setae as in Goneplax sensu stricto (Fig. 27) and the other five genera (Figs 28 B, C; 31; 34; 42; 46). The dactylus, however, is similarly broadened in Singhaplax platypoda n. sp. (Fig. 37).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD62535FC99FB04FC60FCD2.taxon	description	(Figs 28 A; 29)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD62535FC99FB04FC60FCD2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Goneplax marivenae Komatsu & Takeda, 2003: tangle nets of local fishermen, ♂ holotype (NSMT-Cr 15531); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ paratypes (NSMT-Cr 15532).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD62535FC99FB04FC60FCD2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Goneplax marivenae: Philippine Islands, Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I, unrecorded depth. Goneplax megalops: Kerama Is, Ryukyu Is, Japan, 182 - 169 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Ryukyu Is, Kerama Is, 26 ° 18.86 ’ N, 127 ° 09.01 ’ E, 182 - 169 m, RV Tansi- maru, cruise KT 02 - 3, stn E 5 - 2, T. Komai coll., 19. IV. 2002, ♂ holotype of Goneplax megalops, cl 6.0 mm, cw 9.1 mm (CBM-ZC 7031). Taiwan. TAIWAN 2000, stn CP 35, 22 ° 01.8 ’ N, 120 ° 36.5 ’ E, 228 - 222 m, 31. VII. 2000, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2001.2218), 1 ♂ (MMBA), 1 ♂ (NTOU). Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 50 - 500 m, 28. XI. 2001, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2001.0534); 200 - 300 m, VI. 2002, 8 ♂♂, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (ZRC 2002.0648); 25 - 30. VII. 2003, 2 ♂♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (ZRC 2004.0724); 50 - 500 m, III. 2004, 3 ♂♂ (ZRC 2004.0725). Indonesia. Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 01, 05 ° 46 ’ S, 132 ° 10 ’ E, 156 - 305 m, 22. X. 1991, 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN- B 29217). — Stn DW 18, 05 ° 18 ’ S, 133 ° 01 ’ E, 205 - 212 m, 24. X. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29386). Chesterfield Islands. MUSORSTOM 5, DW 266, 25 ° 20.20 ’ S, 159 ° 45.70 ’ E, 240 m, 8. X. 1986, 1 ♀ (MNHN- B 29314). New Caledonia. BIOCAL, stn DW 64, 24 ° 48 ’ S, 168 ° 09 ’ E, 250 m, 3. IX. 1985, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 10300); 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29253). CHALCAL 2, stn DW 71, 24 ° 42.26 ’ S, 168 ° 09.52 ’ E, 230 m, 27. X. 1986, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29234). — Stn DW 80, 23 ° 26.7 ’ S, 168 ° 01.8 ’ E, 180 m, 30. X. 1986, 1 undet. sex (MNHN-B 29235). SMIB 3, stn DW 10, 24 ° 42.0 ’ S, 168 ° 07.2 ’ E, 235 m, 21. V. 1987, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29221). VOLSMAR, stn DW 59, 20 ° 59.9 ’ S, 170 ° 16.9 ’ E, 320 m, 6. VII. 1989, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29222); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 24447). BATHUS 2, stn DW 726, 22 ° 47.3 ’ S, 167 ° 28.7 ’ E, 241 - 260 m, 12. V. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29290). SMIB 5, stn DW 77, 23 ° 40.8 ’ S, 168 ° 01.1 ’ E, 270 m, 7. IX. 1989, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29223). — Stn DW 91, 22 ° 18.4 ’ S, 168 ° 41.1 ’ E, 340 m, 13. IX. 1989, 1 ♂ (MNHN- B 29224). — Stn DW 96, 23 ° 00.0 ’ S, 168 ° 18.7 ’ E, 245 m, 14. IX. 1989, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29225). BERYX 11, stn DW 11, 23 ° 44 ’ S, 168 ° 10 ’ E, 320 - 350 m, 16. X. 1992, 1 pre-adult ♂, 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29324) — Stn DW 18, 24 ° 48 ’ S, 168 ° 09 ’ E, 250 - 270 m, 16. X. 1992, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29346). SMIB 8, stn DW 165, 24 ° 47.6 ’ S, 168 ° 09.6 ’ E, 372 - 660 m, 28. I. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29347). — Stn DW 177, 23 ° 39 ’ S, 168 ° 00 ’ E, 320 - 370 m, 29. I. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29262), 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29323). — Stn DW 178, 23 ° 45.1 ’ S, 168 ° 17 ’ E, 400 m, 30. I. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29291). NORFOLK 1, stn DW 1658, 23 ° 26 ’ S, 167 ° 50 ’ E, 320 - 336 m, 19. VI. 2001, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29340). — Stn DW 1726, 23 ° 18 ’ S, 168 ° 15 ’ E, 185 - 207 m, 27. VI. 2001, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 293441). NORFOLK 2, stn DW 2123, 23 ° 18 ’ S, 168 ° 15 ’ E, 185 - 197 m, 2. XI. 2003, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29764). Loyalty Islands. MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 399, 20 ° 41.8 ’ S, 167 ° 00.2 ’ E, 282 m, 14. II. 1980, 1 ♀ (MNHN- B 29220). — Stn DW 473, 21 ° 08.8 ’ S, 167 ° 55.3 ’ E, 236 m, 22. II. 1980, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29219). DISTRIBUTION. — Ryukyu Is, Japan (Komatsu & Takeda 2003, as Goneplax megalops), Philippine Is (Komatsu & Takeda 2003, as Goneplax marivenae), and now from Taiwan, Indonesia (Kai Is), Chesterfield Is, New Caledonia, and Loyalty Is. Depth: 156 - 400 m. Also dredged from a station recorded at 372 - 660 m. COLOUR A photograph of a freshly collected female specimen from New Caledonia (MNHN-B 29262) showed a mottled light red carapace, chelipeds, and ambulatory legs. Two dark red spots showed on each cheliped, one on the dactylus and one on the distal end of the outer margin of the propodus. REMARKS Most of the unique characters of Goneplacoides marivenae n. comb. are discussed in the Description and Remarks for Goneplacoides n. gen. (see above). Komatsu & Takeda (2003) described Goneplax marivenae from the Philippine Is and G. megalops from Japan (type locality: Kerama Is, Ryukyu Is). Goneplax megalops was described as “ most similar ” to Goneplax marivenae except that: 1) the outer orbital teeth projected beyond the anterolateral teeth in G. megalops (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: figs 4 a, 7 B) but not in Goneplax marivenae, where both teeth have about the same length (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: figs 4 a, 7 A); 2) the mesial margins of the G 1 of G. megalops were fringed with short simple setae in contrast with the plumose setae that were found along the entire border of the G 1 of Goneplax marivenae; 3) the tip of the G 1 of G. megalops was narrower in G. megalops than in Goneplax marivenae; and 4) Goneplax marivenae was “ about twice as large as G. megalops ” (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: 1249). All of these differences are explained by the relative size of the specimens used in the two descriptions. Goneplax megalops was described from nine small specimens (cl 3.4 mm, cw 4.6 mm to cl 7.4 mm, cw 11.2 mm; male holotype, cl 6.0 mm, cw 9.1 mm, CBM-ZC 7031) whereas Goneplax marivenae was described from four larger specimens (cl 10.2 mm, cw 15.7 mm to cl 12.3 mm, cw 19.1 mm). Among the specimens from one station in the Kai Is, Indonesia (MNHN-B 29217), the five smaller individuals (four males and one female, cl 4.5 mm, cw 6.5 mm to cl 5.0 mm, cw 7.4 mm) had outer orbital teeth that projected beyond the anterolateral teeth as in G. megalops, while in the largest one (female, cl 6.8 mm, cw 10.1 mm) the outer orbital teeth did not as in Goneplax marivenae. All of the remaining 53 specimens examined (including the holotype of G. megalops) during this study, which varied from a pre-adult female (cl 3.4 mm, cw 4.2 mm, MNHN- B 29346) to a female (cl 8.7 mm, cw 13.6 mm, MNHN-B 29223) confirmed that in the smaller individuals (cl shorter than 6.5 mm) the outer orbital teeth always projected beyond the anterolateral teeth but not in the larger individuals. The differences between the G 1 of both species are also a function of relative size, the number and type of setae and the relative width of the tip vary according to size. Goneplax megalops, is therefore a synonym of Goneplax marivenae. Both descriptions appear in the same publication but the name Goneplax marivenae is selected as it appears first in the publication, and to prevent confusion since the epithet megalops has already been used in another species. An incomplete male specimen from Taiwan (NTOU) appears to be identical to G. marivenae. The specimen is supposedly the same identified as a female of Singhaplax nipponensis (Yokoya, 1933) (but Goneplax nipponensis in Fig. 6) by Ho et al. (2004: 659). The figure, however, shows a slen- der P 5 dactylus instead of the broad dactylus of G. marivenae. Two pre-adult males from Indonesia identified as Goneplax maldivensis, by Tesch (1918: 183, pl. 9, fig. 1) do not belong to this species (actually in Euryplacidae), an observation previously made by Guinot (1969 b: 518). The specimens could belong to G. marivenae instead. The rounded outer orbital angle as depicted by Tesch is not characteristic of G. marivenae but the broad P 5 dactylus, the general shape of the carapace, eye peduncles, and abdomen are indeed diagnostic of the species. The specimen (ZMA De 241733) was unfortunately damaged beyond recognition. A photograph of a specimen with a completely red carapace had strong resemblance to G. marivenae n. comb. The specimen, collected from the Gemini seamounts east of New Caledonia, was unfortunately lost. It may represent a yet undescribed species of Goneplacoides n. gen.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD5253BFC96FCBBFB9AFCD2.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From hadros, Greek for “ well developed ” or “ bulky ”, in reference to the large basal antennular articles that do not fit into the antennular fossae, a characteristic of the type species, and plax, Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, derived from the generic name Goneplax to denote that the type species of the new genus was formerly included in Goneplax.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD5253BFC96FCBBFB9AFCD2.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Miers 1886: pl. 20, fig. 2, as Gonoplax [sic] sinuatifrons) transversely rectangular, wider Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) than long; widest at conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front slightly deflected ventrally, sinuous, may be marked by slight median emargination. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border absent. Orbits wide, greatly expanded distally; supraorbital borders conspicuously sinuous; suborbital borders sinuous, with short, wide inner tooth not visible dorsally. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with conspicuous, anteriorly directed, acute tooth. Nearly straight lateral borders without anterolateral teeth. Basal antennular articles large so they cannot be folded into enlarged fossae (Serène & Umali 1972: fig. 73). Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article nearly reaches front. Eye peduncles (Miers 1886: pl. 20, fig. 2 b, as G. sinuatifrons) relatively long, only slightly shorter than front (0.8 front width); cornea reniform, dorso-ventrally flattened, nearly divided into anterior, posterior portions. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds nearly completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; suture 2 / 3 fused but visible in some specimens, sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers long, slender, shovel-like, curved, shorter than elongated propodus; carpus with conspicuous, acute tooth on inner margin; merus with conspicuous tooth on inner (ventral) margin. Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 4) meri with acute distal tooth, P 5 unarmed; dactyli of P 2 - P 4 slender, with carina on each side. Male abdomen (Tesch 1918: pl. 9, fig. 2 a; Serène & Umali 1972: fig. 77, as G. sinuatifrons) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, wide, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wide, wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Serène & Umali 1972: figs 78, 79, as G. sinuatifrons) long, slender, slightly broadened proximally, bent outwardly at distal end. G 2 (Serène & Umali 1972: figs 80, 81, as G. sinuatifrons) slender, slightly longer than G 1, flagellum slightly longer than proximal part (peduncle), expanded. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females small, ovoid, extending from 5 / 6 suture to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover absent, covered by soft membrane.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD5253BFC96FCBBFB9AFCD2.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFDB2538FD10FCB8FEA7FD31.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Challenger, ♀ holotype, cl 6.3 mm, cw 9.7 mm (BMNH 18.84.31). TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Sulawesi, Ambon, 27 - 46 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., PANGLAO 2004, stn T 32, Bohol I., 09 ° 36.4 ’ N, 123 ° 53.8 ’ E, muddy sand, 60 - 62 m, 3. VI. 2004, 1 ♂ cl 3.3 mm, cw 4.9 mm (ZRC 2006.0184). Indonesia. Makassar Strait, CORINDON 2, stn 263, 01 ° 56.8 ’ S, 119 ° 16.7 ’ E, 80 m, 6. XI. 1980, 1 ♂ cl 7.5 mm, cw 11.2 mm (MNHN-B 10322). — Stn 295, 01 ° 26.5 ’ S, 117 ° 02.1 ’ E, 54 - 51 m, 11. XI. 1980, 1 ♀ cl 4.3 mm, cw 6.4 mm (MNHN-B 10306). Sulawesi, Ambon, Challenger, 27 - 46 m, ♀ holotype cl 6.3 mm, cw 9.7 mm (BMNH 18.84.31). — Siboga Expedition, stn 181, 36 - 54 m, 4 pre-adult ♂♂, 2 ♂♂, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ♀ (ZMA De 241737). Vanuatu. BOA 1, stn DW 2441, 15 ° 09 ’ S, 166 ° 55 ’ E, 72 - 147 m, 10. IX. 2005, 1 ♂ cl 4.2 mm, cw 6.6 mm (MNHN-B 30452). DISTRIBUTION. — Philippine Is (Serène & Umali 1972; Serène & Vadon 1981), Indonesia (Ambon [Miers 1886; Tesch 1918] and now Makassar Strait), and now Vanuatu. Depth: 27 - 134 m; also collected from a station at a depth of 72 - 147 m. REMARKS The diagnostic characters of the species are listed and discussed in the description of Hadroplax n. gen. (see above).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD82539FF53FCDBFBD7FD91.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Goneplax renoculis Rathbun, 1914 (by present designation; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD82539FF53FCDBFBD7FD91.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From neos, Greek for “ new ”, and the generic name Goneplax, to indicate that although the species included in the new genus superficially resemble Goneplax in the general shape of their carapaces and the elongated eye peduncles, they actually belong to a separate new genus.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD82539FF53FCDBFBD7FD91.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 28 B; 30 A; 31; 33 A; 34; Chen 1998: fig. 11 - 1) transversely rectangular, much wider than long; widest at conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front slightly deflected ventrally, sinuous, marked by 2 slight emarginations, small to minute median projection between emarginations. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border; orbits wide, greatly expanded distally; supraorbital borders conspicuously convex; suborbital borders convex, with 1 or 2 slight, obtuse inner teeth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders short, straight. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth or with slight horizontal ridges, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with conspicuous, acute tooth; acute anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace (much reduced in N. costata n. sp.). Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article nearly reaches front. Eye peduncles (Figs 28 B; 30 A; 31; 33 A; 34) long, shorter than or longer than front (0.8 - 1.1 front width); cornea strongly reniform, dorso-ventrally flattened, nearly divided into anterior and posterior portions. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds nearly completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete (Fig. 32). Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Figs 28 B; 31; 34) long, slender, shovel-like, curved, pollex higher than dactylus in large individuals, shorter than elongated propodus; dactylus light in colour, without dark portion; carpus with conspicuous tooth on inner margin. Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri unarmed (N. costata n. sp.; Fig. 31), with acute distal tooth (N. renoculis n. comb.; Fig. 28 B), or several teeth (N. serratipes n. sp.; Figs 33 B, 34); dactyli slender, with carina on each side, non-setose. Male abdomen (Figs 30 B; 33 C; Chen 1998: fig. 11 - 3, as G. renoculis) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, wide, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wide, clearly longer than wide. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave small to large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 varies from long, slender, slightly sinuous, slightly broadened proximally (Fig. 30 C) to stout, short, with obtuse tip (Fig. 33 D; Chen 1998: fig. 11 - 4, as G. renoculis). G 2 (Figs 30 D; 33 E) slender, slightly shorter to slightly longer than G 1, flagellum slightly longer than proximal part (peduncle), tip curved or straight, pointed. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen (Dai & Yang 1991: fig. 198 - 2, as G. renoculis) with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females (Fig. 32) small, oval, extending from 5 / 6 suture to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover present.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD82539FF53FCDBFBD7FD91.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The new genus is described for Goneplax renoculis Rathbun, 1914, which is different from the four mostly Atlantic species of Goneplax sensu stricto. The polyphyletic nature of Goneplax sensu lato and the questions surrounding the position of the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus are discussed in the Remarks section for Goneplax (see above). Characters that separate Neogoneplax n. gen. from Goneplax sensu stricto and the five Indo-West Pacific genera that were formerly included in Goneplax sensu lato are summarized in Table 4.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD9253CFEBBFC0EFCDCFA79.taxon	description	(Fig. 28 B)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFD9253CFEBBFC0EFCDCFA79.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Albatross, stn 5278, ovigerous ♀ holotype, cl 8.1 mm, cw 12.3 mm (USNM 46307). TYPE LOCALITY. — Philippine Islands, southern Luzon, Malavatuan Island, 14 ° 00.00 ’ N, 120 ° 17.25 ’ E, 146 - 187 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Taiwan. TAIWAN 2000, stn CP 11, 22 ° 18.6 ’ N, 119 ° 14.8 ’ E, 262 m, 28. VII. 2000, 1 ♀ (MMBA), 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29681). Philippine Islands. South China Sea, Albatross, stn 5278, 14 ° 00.00 ’ N, 120 ° 17.25 ’ E, 146 - 187 m, 17. VII. 1908, ovig. ♀ holotype (USNM 46307). MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 9, 14 ° 02 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 180 - 194 m, 19. III. 1976, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10298). — Stn CP 10, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 187 - 205 m, 19. III. 1976, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10305). — Stn DR 15, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 188 - 192 m, 21. III. 1976, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 pre-adults (MNHN-B 10330). — Stn CP 18, 13 ° 56 ’ N, 120 ° 16 ’ E, 150 - 159 m, 20. III. 1976, 7 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 10278). — Stn CP 19, 13 ° 58 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 167 - 187 m, 21. III. 1976, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10337). — Stn CP 20, 13 ° 59 ’ N, 120 ° 20 ’ E, 208 - 222 m, 21. III. 1976, 7 ♂♂, 1 pre-adult ♀, 8 ♀♀, 4 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10293). — Stn CP 24, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 189 - 209 m, 22. III. 1976, 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10324). — Stn CP 25, 14 ° 03 ’ N, 120 ° 20 ’ E, 191 - 200 m, 22. III. 1976, 4 ♂♂, 3 ♂♂ parasitised by bopyrid, 4 ♀♀, 5 pre-adult ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10285). — Stn CP 26, 14 ° 00.9 ’ N, 120 ° 16.8 ’ E, 189 m, 22. III. 1976, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10288). — Stn CP 27, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 19 ’ E, 188 - 192 m, 22. III. 1976, 4 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10299). — Stn CP 30, 14 ° 01.3 ’ N, 120 ° 18.7 ’ E, 186 - 177 m, 22. III. 1976, 8 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 4 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10315). — Stn CP 31, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 16 ’ E, 187 - 195 m, 22. III. 1976, 3 ♀♀, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 pre-adult (MNHN-B 10297). — Stn CP 34, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 16 ’ E, 188 - 191 m, 22. III. 1976, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10287). — Stn CP 36, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 20 ’ E, 187 - 210 m, 23. III. 1976, 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 10331). — Stn CP 51, 13 ° 49 ’ N, 120 ° 04 ’ E, 170 - 200 m, 25. III. 1976, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10336). — Stn CP 55, 13 ° 55.0 ’ N, 120 ° 12.5 ’ E, 200 - 294 m, 26. III. 1976, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10292). — Stn CP 56, 13 ° 53 ’ N, 120 ° 09 ’ E, 129 - 134 m, 26. III. 1976, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10304). — Stn CP 61, 14 ° 02 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 184 - 202 m, 27. III. 1976, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10333). — Stn CP 63, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 16 ’ E, 191 - 195 m, 27. III. 1976, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10335). — Stn CP 71, 14 ° 09 ’ N, 120 ° 26 ’ E, 174 - 204 m, 28. III. 1976, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10314). MUSORSTOM 2, stn CP 1, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 19 ’ E, 188 - 198 m, 20. XI. 1980, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 10329). — Stn CP 2, 14 ° 01.0 ’ N, 120 ° 17.1 ’ E, 174 - 172 m, 20. XI. 1980, 2 ♂♂, 4 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10303). — Stn CP 4, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 183 - 190 m, 20. XI. 1980, 3 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 10283). — Stn CP 10, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 188 - 191 m, 22. XI. 1980, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10281). — Stn CP 11, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 20 ’ E, 194 - 196 m, 22. XI. 1980, 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10318). — Stn CP 13, 14 ° 00.5 ’ N, 120 ° 20.7 ’ E, 188 - 181 m, 22. XI. 1980, 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 10319). — Stn CP 19, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 16 ’ E, 189 - 192 m, 22. XI. 1980, 1 ♂, 1 pre-adult (MNHN-B 10296). — Stn CP 21, 14 ° 00.2 ’ N, 120 ° 17.8 ’ E, 191 - 192 m, 22. XI. 1980, 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10307). — Stn DR 34, 13 ° 28 ’ N, 121 ° 12 ’ E, 155 - 167 m, 24. XI. 1980, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10289). — Stn CP 35, 13 ° 28 ’ N, 121 ° 12 ’ E, 160 - 198 m, 24. XI. 1980, 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10294). — Stn CP 51, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 17 ’ E, 170 - 187 m, 27. XI. 1980, 3 ♂♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 16941). — Stn CP 62, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 17 ’ E, 186 - 189 m, 29. XI. 1980, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10323). — Stn CP 64, 14 ° 01.5 ’ N, 120 ° 18.9 ’ E, 181 - 177 m, 29. XI. 1980, 7 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 10284). — Stn CP 67, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 193 - 199 m, 29. XI. 1980, 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 5 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10301). — Stn CP 68, 14 ° 01.9 ’ N, 120 ° 18.8 ’ E, 185 - 195 m, 29. XI. 1980, 7 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 9 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10321). — Stn CP 72, 14 ° 00.7 ’ N, 120 ° 19.4 ’ E, 183 - 168 m, 30. XI. 1980, 4 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 10280). — Stn CP 71, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 189 - 197 m, 30. XI. 1980, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10327). MUSORSTOM 3, stn CP 88, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 17 ’ E, 183 - 187 m, 31. V. 1985, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 16601). — Stn CP 90, 14 ° 03 ’ N, 120 ° 12 ’ E, 224 m, 31. V. 1985, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10311). — Stn CP 92, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 19 ’ E, 195 m, 31. V. 1985, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 16600). — Stn CP 96, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 190 - 194 m, 1. VI. 1985, 4 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 10328). — Stn CP 97, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 189 - 194 m, 1. VI. 1985, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ with stalked cirriped, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 16592), 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 17841). — Stn CP 98, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 194 - 205 m, 1. VI. 1985, 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 10291). — Stn CP 99, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 19 ’ E, 196 - 204 m, 1. VI. 1985, 13 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 5 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10277). — Stn CP 100, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 189 - 199 m, 1. VI. 1985, 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 4 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10282). — Stn CP 101, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 19 ’ E, 194 - 196 m, 1. VI. 1985, 7 ♂♂, 1 ♂ with stalked cirriped, 1 ♂ parasitised by bopyrid, 13 ♀♀, 6 ovig. ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10279). — Stn DR 102, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 192 m, 1. VI. 1985, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 16599). — Stn CP 103, 14 ° 00 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 193 - 200 m, 1. VI. 1985, 1 ♀, 2 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 10316). — Stn CP 108, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 188 - 195 m, 2. VI. 1985, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 10334). — Stn CP 112, 14 ° 01 ’ N, 120 ° 18 ’ E, 187 - 199 m, 2. VI. 1985, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 10325). Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 50 - 500 m, 28. XI. 2001, 1 ♂ (MNHN, ex ZRC 2004.0726); XI. 2003, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (ZRC 2004.0780); I. 2004, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2004.0781). — Maribohoc Bay, tangle nets of local fishermen, 100 - 300 m, T. J. Arbasto coll., XI. 2003 - IV. 2004, 32 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (ZRC 2004.0782). PANGLAO 2004, stn T 15, Bohol I., Cortes, 09 ° 41.2 ’ N, 123 ° 49.0 ’ E, 180 m, muddy bottom, 18. VI. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0182). — Stn P 2, 09 ° 39.00 ’ N, 123 ° 43.80 ’ E, 400 m, tangle nets of local fishermen, 20. VI. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29736). — Stn L 42, Balicasag I., 09 ° 31.222 ’ N, 123 ° 40.74 ’ E, 80 - 90 m, 2. VII. 2004, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0783). PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2331, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 39.2 ’ N, 123 ° 47.5 ’ E, 255 - 268 m, 22. V. 2005, 13 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 ovig. ♀, 1 pre-adult (ZRC 2006.0195). — Stn CP 2348, off Pamilican I., 09 ° 31.6 ’ N, 123 ° 55.7 ’ E, 219 - 240 m, 24. V. 2005, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0193). — Stn CP 2349, off Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 31.6 ’ N, 123 ° 55.7 ’ E, 219 - 240 m, 24. V. 2005, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0189). — Stn CP 2395, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 36.2 ’ N, 123 ° 43.8 ’ E, 382 - 434 m, 31. V. 2005, 1 ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (ZRC 2006.0201). — Stn CP 2406, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 40.6 ’ N, 123 ° 46.8 ’ E, 334 - 387 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0203). — Stn CP 2407, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 41.3 ’ N, 123 ° 48.5 ’ E, 256 - 268 m, 1. VI. 2005, 9 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 4 ovig. ♀♀ (ZRC 2006.0209). — Stn CP 2409, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 44.8 ’ N, 123 ° 44.8 ’ E, 220 - 257 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0192). Indonesia. Makassar Strait, CORINDON 1, stn CP 271, 1 ° 57.8 ’ S, 119 ° 15.0 ’ E, 215 m, 7. XI. 1980, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10276). Tanimbar Is, KARUBAR, stn CP 65, 09 ° 14 ’ S, 132 ° 27 ’ E, 176 - 174 m, 1. XI. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29365). Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 29, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m, 26. X. 1991, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29213). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 1, stn CP 1845, 10 ° 24.2 ’ S, 161 ° 49.4 ’ E, 273 - 298 m, 6. X. 2001, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29204). — Stn DW 1850, 10 ° 28.1 ’ S, 161 ° 59.0 ’ E, 139 - 261 m, 6. X. 2001, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29205). SALOMON 2, stn CP 2287, 08 ° 40.8 ’ S, 157 ° 24.6 ’ E, 253 - 255 m, 6. XI. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30088). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8, stn DW 1061, 16 ° 14.54 ’ S, 167 ° 20.12 ’ E, 458 - 512 m, 2. X. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29292). BOA 1, stn CP 2416, 15 ° 04.6 ’ S, 166 ° 53.5 ’ E, 400 - 350 m, 6. IX. 2005, 5 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 30128). — Stn CP 2428, 15 ° 03.6 ’ S, 166 ° 52.2 ’ E, 323 - 397 m, 8. IX. 2005, 3 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 30125). — Stn CP 2448, 15 ° 06.6 ’ S, 166 ° 50.8 ’ E, 297 - 387 m, 10. IX. 2005, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30118). New Caledonia. BATHUS 1, stn DW 642, 21 ° 51.7 ’ S, 166 ° 49.5 ’ E, 302 - 305 m, 10. III. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29293). — Stn DW 652, 21 ° 17.4 ’ S, 165 ° 57.1 ’ E, 110 - 190 m, 12. III. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29294).? BATHUS 3, stn DW 839, 23 ° 01 ’ S, 168 ° 58 ’ E, 400 - 402 m, 30. XI. 1993, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29252).? BATHUS 4, stn DW 901, 19 ° 02.72 ’ S, 163 ° 15.39 ’ E, 297 m, 4. VIII. 1994, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 30060).? French Polynesia. Austral Is, BENTHAUS 2002, stn DW 1979, 23 ° 21.7 ’ S, 150 ° 43.9 ’ E, 176 - 340 m, 21. XI. 2002, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29780). DISTRIBUTION. — Western Pacific Ocean from Korea and Japan (see Sakai 1976) to the Philippine Is (Rathbun 1914; Serène & Vadon 1981) and now from Indonesia (Makassar Strait, Tanimbar and Kai islands), Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and questionably from French Polynesia. Depth: 80 - 512 m. Specimens were also obtained from tangle nets of local fishermen in the Philippines that obtained material estimated to be at least 50 m. COLOUR A photograph of freshly collected female specimen from the Solomon Is (MNHN-B 29204) showed red orange to red reticulations and dots on the carapace and red dots on the chelipeds, similar to those illustrated by Sakai (1976: pl. 188, fig. 1) and Miyake (1991: pl. 50, fig. 3) from Japan, and Ho et al. (2004: fig. 6 D) from Taiwan. Colour photographs of freshly collected specimens from the Philippine Is (PANGLAO 2005) confirm this colour pattern. REMARKS The abundant material from Taiwan to New Caledonia that was examined agrees well with the female holotype of Goneplax renoculis. Diagnostic characters of the species is an acute, anteriorly curved, anterolateral tooth that is in a straight line below the base of the similarly acute and anteriorly curved but longer outer orbital tooth (Fig. 28 B). The anterolateral tooth emerges after a short, straight portion of the anterolateral border of the carapace. Also diagnostic is a small tooth on the dorsal, distal end of the merus of each ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) (Fig. 28 B). The propodi of the P 5 may have some sparse setae but are not fringed by them. The carapace front is deflexed, and the eye peduncle is 1.2 - 1.3 of the front width. The eyes are strongly reniform. Large males have two slightly raised horizontal ridges across the width of the carapace. The G 1 is stout, short, and with a truncate tip (Chen 1998: fig. 11 - 4, as Goneplax renoculis). The G 2 is slightly shorter than the G 1, with the flagellum shorter than the basal part, and a pointed tip. The vulva of mature females extends from the margin of suture 5 / 6 to the margin of suture 6 / 7. It is covered by a large, salient, globular vulvar cover that leaves a large, semi-circular anterolateral opening. Suture 6 / 7 ends at the vulva, leaving a large, flat area between suture 5 / 6 and complete suture 6 / 7 that connects directly with the anterior portion of the thoracic sternum. No specimens from Japan could be examined during this study. The anterolateral teeth of Japanese specimens illustrated by Sakai (1935: pl. 54, fig. 4; 1939: pl. 67, fig. 4; 1965: pl. 84, fig. 2; 1976: pl. 188, fig. 1, as G. renoculis) are close to each other very much as in Goneplacoides marivenae n. comb. (Fig. 28 A), which is found in Japan, instead of being separated by a straight margin as in N. renoculis n. comb. (Fig. 28 B). The meri of the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) of Sakai’s specimens, however, were each armed with a distal tooth unlike the smooth meri of G. marivenae n. comb. (Fig. 28 A). The colour of Sakai’s illustration (Sakai 1976: pl. 188, fig. 1, as Goneplax renoculis) does A C D agree with the photograph of a freshly collected specimen from the Solomon Is (see below). The G 1 of a small specimen (cl 5.2 mm, cw 7.3 mm; maximum size of males: cl 11.3 mm, cw 17.2 mm; maximum size of females: cl 10.1 mm, cw 16.0 mm) illustrated by Takeda & Miyake (1968: fig. 8 c, d, as G. renoculis) had a spade-like tip different from almost all specimens examined during this study and that illustrated by Chen (1998). The only exception was the G 1 of a pre-adult male from the Kai Is, Indonesia (cl 4.0 mm, cw 5.0 mm, MNHN-B 29213), which was similar to that illustrated by Takeda & Miyake (1968). An incomplete specimen from the Austral Is, French Polynesia (male, cl 9.8, cw 16.7 mm; MNHN-B 29780), the only one from French Polynesia examined, had a carapace, eye peduncles, and P 2 - P 4 (P 5 missing) similar to those of N. renoculis n. comb. The only cheliped remaining, however, had an unusually high pollex, and the G 1 had a conspicuously pointed tip. It may represent a new species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFDC2503FC9DFA03FF05FBF6.taxon	description	(Figs 30 - 32)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFDC2503FC9DFA03FF05FBF6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Tangle nets of local fishermen, ♂ holotype, cl 10.4 mm, 19.1 mm (ZRC 2004.0723). Paratypes: three other male and female specimens from the Philippine Is as listed under Material examined. Castro P. TYPE LOCALITY. — Philippine Islands, Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., unrecorded depth. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 200 - 300 m, VI. 2002, 1 ♂ paratype, cl 9.4 mm, cw 17.9 mm (ex ZRC 2004.0722; MNHN-B 30064). — 25 - 30. VII. 2003, 1 ♂ holotype, cl 10.4 mm, 19.1 mm (ZRC 2004.0723). — 50 - 500 m, III. 2004, 2 ♂♂ paratypes, cl 9.8 mm, cw 18.2 mm, cl 12.8 mm, cw 24.5 mm (ZRC 2004.0721). — 29. V. 2004, 1 ovig. ♀ paratype, cl 11.9 mm, cw 22.8 mm (ZRC 2004.0784).? New Caledonia. LAGON, stn 500, 19 ° 04 ’ S, 163 ° 60 ’ E, 225 m, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29777).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFDC2503FC9DFA03FF05FBF6.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From costa, Latin for “ rib ” or “ ridge ”, in reference to the two slight diagnostic ridges across the dorsal surface of the carapace.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFDC2503FC9DFA03FF05FBF6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known from the Philippine Is and questionably from New Caledonia. Depth: 225 m and from estimated depths of 50 - 500 m from tangle nets of local fishermen. DESCRIPTON Carapace (Figs 30 A; 31) transversely rectangular, wider than long, anterolateral borders oblique from outer orbital tooth to posterior border. Carapace slightly convex, without clear indication of regions; ridge across anterior third portion; second, less conspicuous ridge on posterior third portion. Front sinuous, slightly deflected ventrally, marked by 2 slight emarginations, small median projection between emarginations. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border absent. Supraorbital borders conspicuously bilobed; bordered by raised, finely granular edge, wider, sinuous along front; reduced, obtuse inner tooth. Suborbital borders granular, each with short, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally. Long, slender, acute-tipped tooth on outer orbital angle; reduced anterolateral teeth appearing as slight prominence (obsolete in holotype) below outer orbital angle corresponding with outer margin of anterior ridge of carapace. Posterolateral borders oblique, nearly straight. Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) Eye peduncles (Figs 30 A; 31) long (1.1 front width), cornea reniform. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 31) slightly unequal in males, nearly equal in female paratype; fingers shovel-like, curved, slightly shorter than propodus, much shorter in heavier P 1 of males, with blunt teeth, heavier P 1 of males with fewer teeth on dactylus, large cutting edge on fixed finger; no dark colour on fingers. Broad, acute-tipped tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; row of conspicuous, simple setae along inner (ventral) margin of dactylus, propodus, merus; outer margin of merus with 12 - 24 small, triangular teeth in small male (reduced to large, blunt tubercles in larger holotype and paratypes). Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) (Fig. 31) stout, without teeth; varying number of setae on dorsal margins of carpus, propodi (P 5 of female paratype with row of dense setae on dorsal margin of propodus, distal margin of carpus; proximal, ventral margin of dactylus); dactyli long, slender, each with carina along each side; length of P 5 merus 0.7 cl. Male abdomen (Fig. 30 B) wide, short, triangular; telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, carinated; somite 2 narrower than somite 3, leaving large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 30 C) slender, sinuous, distal part curved, inwardly oriented; obtuse tip. G 2 (Fig. 30 D) slender, slightly longer than G 1, curved flagellum longer than proximal part (peduncle), pointed tip. Female abdomen wide, outer margin of thoracic sternites not visible. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somites 1, 2 narrower than somite 3, leaving small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva (Fig. 32) of mature paratype narrow, elongated, extending along edge of suture 5 / 6 to median portion of thoracic sternite 6; median, triangular vulvar cover. COLOUR Photographs of freshly preserved material from the Philippine Is showed small red spots on the carapace and legs.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFDC2503FC9DFA03FF05FBF6.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The new species is closest to N. serratipes n. sp. (see below). Both species can be easily differentiated by the absence or reduction of the anterolateral tooth in N. costata n. sp. (Figs 30 A; 31) while there is a conspicuous, acute tooth in N. serratipes n. sp. (Figs 33 A; 34); smooth meri of ambulatory legs (Fig. 31) in contrast to many teeth in N. serratipes n. sp. (Figs 33 B; 34); the presence of a small, acute tooth on the outer (dorsal), distal margin of each of the chelipeds (Fig. 31) in contrast to a larger, blunt tooth in N. serratipes n. sp. (Fig. 34); the telson of the male abdomen is much shorter in N. serratipes n. sp. (Fig. 33 C) than in N. costata n. sp. (Fig. 30 B), smooth G 1 (Fig. 30 C) in contrast to a stout G 1 with a bilobed tip with distinct denticles and setae in N. serratipes n. sp. (Fig. 33 D). A damaged, incomplete specimen from New Caledonia (♂, cw 14.8 mm; MNHN-B 29777) also appears to belong to the new species. It was the only specimen from outside the Philippine Is examined.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE32506FF5EFB87FEA2FAF8.taxon	description	(Figs 33; 34)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE32506FF5EFB87FEA2FAF8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — HALIPRO 1, stn CP 851, ♂ holotype, cl 8.3 mm, cw 11.9 mm (MNHN-B 29836); ♀ allotype, cl 8.0 mm, cw 11.4 mm (MNHN-B 29837). — MUS- ORSTOM 10, stn CP 1320, ♂ paratype, cl 7.6 mm, cw 9.7 mm (MNHN-B 29259). — BATHUS 2, stn DW 742, ♂ paratype, cl 7.1 mm, cw 9.7 mm (MNHN-B 29286). — BATHUS 1, stn CP 713 ♀ paratype, cl 7.0 mm, cw 10.1 mm (MNHN-B 29344). TYPE LOCALITY. — New Caledonia, off east coast, 21 ° 45 ’ S, 168 ° 37 ’ E, 241 - 250 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Solomon Islands. SALOMON 2, stn DW 2271, 08 ° 32.4 ’ S, 157 ° 44.2 ’ E, 290 - 440 m, XI. 2004, 1 pre-adult ♂, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 30108). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8, stn CP 1136, 15 ° 40.62 ’ S, 167 ° 01.60 ’ E, 398 - 400 m, 11. X. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29282) New Caledonia. BIOCAL, stn CP 108, 22 ° 03 ’ S, 167 ° 06 ’ E, 335 m, 9. IX. 1985, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29218). BATHUS 1, stn DW 641, 21 ° 52.18 ’ S, 166 ° 49.06 ’ E, 240 - 258 m, 10. III. 1993, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29552). — Stn DW 643, 21 ° 50.1 ’ S, 166 ° 47.8 ’ E, 383 m, 10. III. 1993, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29283). — Stn CP 645, 21 ° 51.9 ’ S, 166 ° 48.6 ’ E, 250 - 258 m, 10. III. 1993, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29284). — Stn CP 650, 21 ° 47.52 ’ S, 166 ° 40.53 ’ E, 246 - 269 m, 11. III. 1993, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29345). — Stn CP 654, 121 ° 17.11 ’ S, 165 ° 56.77 ’ E, 237 - 298 m, 12. III. 1993, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29354). — Stn DW 687, 20 ° 34.62 ’ S, 165 ° 07.30 ’ E, 408 - 440 m, 16. III. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29350). — Stn CP 708, 21 ° 43.05 ’ S, 166 ° 38.57 ’ E, 550 - 580 m, 19. III. 1993, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29285). — Stn CP 700, 20 ° 57.22 ’ S, 165 ° 34.60 ’ E, 162 - 222 m, 18. III. 1993, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29353). — Stn CP 713, 21 ° 45.28 ’ S, 166 ° 36.83 ’ E, 250 m, 19. III. 1993, 1 ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 29344). BATHUS 2, stn DW 742, 22 ° 33.4 ’ S, 166 ° 25.9 ’ E, 340 - 470 m, 14. V. 1993, 5 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29326). — Stn DW 758, 22 ° 18.4 ’ S, 166 ° 10.5 ’ E, 377 - 386 m, 16. V. 1993, 1 ♂ paratype (MNHN-B 29286). HALIPRO 1, stn CP 851, 21 ° 45 ’ S, 168 ° 37 ’ E, 241 - 250 m, 19. III. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29196); 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 29195), 1 ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 29836), 1 ♀ allotype (MNHN-B 29837). — Stn CP 852, 21 ° 44 ’ S, 168 ° 36 ’ E, 253 - 266 m, 19. III. 1994, 9 pre-adult ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29197); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29249). — Stn CP 853, 21 ° 45 ’ S, 168 ° 37 ’ E, 241 - 250 m, 19. III. 1994, 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29194); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29191). BATHUS 4, stn CP 883, 22 ° 03.43 ’ S, 165 ° 56.03 ’ E, 450 - 600 m, 1. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29413). — Stn CP 885, 22 ° 05.03 ’ S, 165 ° 58.28 ’ E, 250 - 300 m, 1. VIII. 1994, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29193). — Stn CP 887, 21 ° 06.67 ’ S, 164 ° 27.62 ’ E, 320 - 344 m, 2. VIII. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29348). — Stn DW 896, 20 ° 15.92 ’ S, 163 ° 51.70 ’ E, 315 - 350 m, 3. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29250). — Stn CP 899, 20 ° 16.68 ’ S, 163 ° 50.26 ’ E, 500 - 600 m, 3. VIII. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29192). — Stn CP 906, 19 ° 1.07 ’ S, 163 ° 14.51 ’ E, 339 - 350 m, 4. VIII. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29248). Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1320, 17 ° 16.8 ’ S, 177 ° 53.6 ’ E, 290 - 300 m, 6. VIII. 1998, 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 ovig. ♀, 1 ♀ parasitised by Sacculina (MNHN-B 29287); 1 ♂ paratype (MNHN-B 29259). — Stn CP 1325, 17 ° 16.1 ’ S, 177 ° 49.8 ’ E, 283 - 322 m, 7. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29358). — Stn CP 1348, 17 ° 30.3 ’ S, 178 ° 39.6 ’ E, 353 - 390 m, 11. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29288). — Stn CP 1349, 17 ° 31.1 ’ S, 178 ° 38.8 ’ E, 244 - 252 m, 11. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29356). — Stn CP 1351, 17 ° 31.1 ’ S, 178 ° 40.0 ’ E, 292 - 311 m, 11. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29289). Tonga. BORDAU 2, stn SH 1596, 19 ° 06 ’ S, 174 ° 18 ’ W, 371 - 437 m, 14. VI. 2000, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29556). ETYMOLOGY. — From serra, Latin for “ saw ”, and pes, Latin for “ feet ”, in reference to the diagnostic row of teeth along the dorsal margin of the meri and carpi of the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) and the carpi of the chelipeds (P 1). DISTRIBUTION. — Southwestern Pacific Ocean: Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Depth: 162 - 600 m. DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 33 A; 34) transversely rectangular, wider than long (1.4 as wide as long in holotype), anterolateral borders straight. Carapace slightly convex, without clear indication of regions. Front sinuous, marked by 2 slight median emarginations, small median projection between emarginations. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border absent. Supraorbital borders conspicuously bilobed; bordered by raised, finely granular edge, wider, sinuous along front, long setae along expanded distal portion. Suborbital borders granular, each with short, obtuse inner tooth not visible dorsally. Slender, acute tooth on outer orbital angle; smaller, short, narrowly triangular, acute-tipped anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace; carapace border between outer orbital, anterolateral teeth conspicuously tuberculated. Posterolateral borders oblique, nearly straight. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, pterygostomial crest, merus, ischium of third maxilliped endopod with short granules. Eye peduncles (Figs 33 A; 34) long (1.1 front width), cornea reniform. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 34) slightly unequal in males, females; fingers slender, shovel-like, curved, particularly in heavier cheliped of males, slightly shorter than propodus, much shorter in heavier cheliped of males, with blunt teeth, heavier cheliped of males with fewer teeth on dactylus, large cutting edge on fixed finger; no dark colour on fingers. Broad, curved, acute-tipped tooth, row of slender teeth (progressively larger distally) on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus, smaller tooth on outer (dorsal), distal margin. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) (Fig. 34) moderately long, slender; varying number of slender teeth (holotype: 1 on right P 2, blunt tooth on left P 2, 9 on right P 3, 8 on left P 3, 14 on right P 4, 13 on left P 4, 11 on right P 5, 14 on left P 5), varying number of low tubercles on dorsal margin of meri; varying number of short, slender teeth on dorsal margin of carpi; few long, simple setae along inner, outer margins of meri, carpi, propodi; dactyli long, slender, each with 2 carinae along each side; length of P 5 merus 0.9 cl. Male abdomen (Fig. 33 C) wide, short, triangular, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, carinated, somite 1 not visible; somite 2 narrower than somite 3, leaving large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 33 D) short, stout, wide basal part, straight distal part; truncated tip with 2 large, broadly pointed teeth with acute spinules on surfaces. G 2 (Fig. 33 E) slender, nearly equal or slightly shorter than G 1, slightly curved flagellum shorter than proximal part (peduncle), pointed tip. Female abdomen wide, outer margin of thoracic sternites visible. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somites 1, 2 narrower than somite 3, leaving large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females long, extending from edge of suture 5 / 6 to near edge of suture 6 / 7, covered by globular vulvar cover, leaving large, semi-circular anterolateral opening. COLOUR Photographs of two freshly collected specimens from Vanuatu (Santo 2006 expedition; ZRC) show irregular orange lines and spots on the carapace, chelipeds, and walking legs. REMARKS Differences between N serratipes n. sp. and N. costata n. sp. are given in the description of the latter species (see above). The many teeth along the dorsal margins of the meri and carpi of the ambulatory legs of the new species and the short, triangular anterolateral teeth (Figs 33 B; 34) are in sharp contrast with the single, distal tooth on each of the meri of the ambulatory legs and the well developed, acute anterolateral teeth of N. renoculis n. comb. (Fig. 28 B). The number of teeth on the meri and carpi of the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) varies widely among Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) specimens, even on the opposite sides of the same pair of legs of the same specimen. The number of teeth is lowest on the P 2, the highest on the P 5. Smaller, regenerated legs may have fewer teeth, and small individuals have a smaller number of teeth. Low tubercles are usually present in addition to the teeth. A male, apparently pre-adult, from the Solomon Is (cl 7.4 mm, cw 9.8 mm; MNHN-B 30108) had a slender G 1 with a truncated tip that only showed a slight bifurcation.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE62507FF57FA85FB7EFB17.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Goneplax serenei Zarenkov, 1972 (by present designation and by monotypy; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE62507FF57FA85FB7EFB17.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From para, Greek for “ beside ” or “ near ”, and the generic name Goneplax, to indicate that although the species included in the new genus superficially resembles Goneplax in the general shape of its carapace and its elongated eye peduncles, it actually belongs to a separate genus.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE62507FF57FA85FB7EFB17.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 28 C) transversely rectangular, much wider than long; widest at conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front deflected ventrally, sinuous, with small median projection in larger individuals. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border absent; orbits wide, greatly expanded distally; supraorbital borders conspicuously sinuous; suborbital borders sinuous, without inner tooth; nearly straight lateral borders. Dorsal surface of carapace with slight horizontal ridge, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with conspicuous, acute, tooth; no anterolateral teeth. Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article nearly reaches front. Eye peduncles (Fig. 28 C) long, slightly shorter than front (0.8 - 0.9 front width); cornea strongly reniform, dorso-ventrally flattened, nearly divided into anterior and posterior portions. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds nearly completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Fig. 28 C) long, slender, shovel-like, curved, pollex higher than dactylus in large individuals, shorter than elongated propodus; dactylus light in colour, without dark portion; carpus with conspicuous tooth on inner margin. Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri (Fig. 28 C) with acute distal tooth; dactyli slender, with carina on each side, non-setose. Male abdomen (Zarenkov 1972, fig. 7 - 2, as Geneplax [sic] serenei; Chen 1998: fig. 12 - 5, as Goneplax serenei) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, wide, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wide, clearly wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 distally bent in fully grown males but straight in pre-adults (Zarenkov 1972: fig. 7 - 2, as Geneplax [sic] serenei; Chen 1998: fig. 12 - 6, 12 - 7, as G. serenei). G 2 (Chen 1998: fig. 12 - 8, 12 - 9, as G. serenei) slender, much shorter than G 1, flagellum slightly curved, shorter than proximal part (peduncle), pointed tip. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, long, soft; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave relatively large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females not greatly expanded, small, round, extending from 5 / 6 suture to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover absent, covered by soft membrane leaving anterior margin free.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE62507FF57FA85FB7EFB17.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Characteristic of Paragoneplax n. gen. is a G 2 that is short, much shorter than the G 1, in sharp contrast to the G 2 of typical goneplacids, where the G 2 is about the same length (or slightly longer or slightly shorter in some species) as the G 1. The short size of the G 2 is very puzzling. A short G 2, considered the most derived character (Guinot 1979: 243), is also present in Microgoneplax n. gen. (see description of the new genus below), as well as among most members of the families Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871, and Pseudoziidae Alcock, 1898, taxa which were once included in the Goneplacidae sensu Balss 1957. The hypothesis that both Paragoneplax n. gen. and Microgoneplax n. gen. should be grouped as a separate subfamily within the Goneplacidae sensu stricto is rejected as the species grouped in these two genera differ in some important characters such as the shape of the G 1 (distally bent in Paragoneplax n. gen. but slender and straight in Microgoneplax n. gen.), shape of the male abdomen (unusually broad in Paragoneplax n. gen., more slender in Microgoneplax n. gen.), and the absence of a vulvar cover in Paragoneplax n. gen. (absent in Microgoneplax n. gen.). An alternate hypothesis is to consider both taxa as independent subfamilies, an arrangement that is rejected at this time. In any case, it seems prudent to speculate that a shorter G 1 evolved independently among goneplacids. Some additional characters of the new monotypic genus are discussed in the Remarks section for P. serenei n. comb. (see below). Other characters that separate Paragoneplax n. gen. from Goneplax sensu stricto and the five Indo-West Pacific genera that include species that were formerly included in Goneplax sensu lato are summarized in Table 4.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE72504FC80FAE5FC94FA97.taxon	description	(Fig. 28 C)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE72504FC80FAE5FC94FA97.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Vietnam, Gulf of Tonkin. TYPE MATERIAL. — Deposit unknown (ZMMU?). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 45, 13 ° 46.0 ’ N, 120 ° 23.8 ’ E, 100 - 108 m, 24. III. 1976, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10295). — Stn CP 56, 13 ° 53.1 ’ N, 120 ° 08.9 ’ E, 134 - 129 m, 26. III. 1976, 12 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10290). — Stn CP 72, 14 ° 11.8 ’ N, 120 ° 28.7 ’ E, 127 - 122 m, 28. III. 1976, 5 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 10332). Bohol, off Cortez, tangle nets of local fishermen, 180 m, T. J. Arbasto coll., 25. III. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0785). PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2408, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 43.5 ’ N, 123 ° 47.1 ’ E, 121 - 137 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0220). Solomon Islands. SALOMON 2, stn CP 2284, 08 ° 38.4 ’ S, 157 ° 21.5 ’ E, 195 - 197 m, 6. XI. 2004, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30102). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8, CP 1071, 15 ° 36.63 ’ S, 167 ° 16.34 ’ E, 180 - 191 m, 4. X. 1994, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29295). — CP 1077, 16 ° 04.00 ’ S, 167 ° 06.09 ’ E, 180 - 210 m, 5. X. 1994, 1 pre-adult ♂ (MNHN-B 29296). — CP 1086, 15 ° 36.58 ’ S, 167 ° 16.32 ’ E, 182 - 215 m, 5. X. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29297); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 30140). New Caledonia. LAGON, stn DW 829, 20 ° 46.5 ’ S, 165 ° 18.4 ’ E, 160 - 200 m, 10. I. 1987, 1 ♂ (MNHN- B 29779). — Stn DW 835, 20 ° 46.8 ’ S, 165 ° 17.3 ’ E, 135 - 150 m, 11. I. 1987, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29776); 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29778). — Stn DW 1147, 19 ° 07.5 ’ S, 163 ° 30.4 ’ E, 210 m, 28. X. 1989, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29298). BATHUS 1, stn CP 667, 20 ° 57.2 ’ S, 165 ° 34.6 ’ E, 205 - 212 m, 14. III. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29299). — Stn CP 668, 20 ° 57.21 ’ S, 165 ° 34.57 ’ E, 205 - 219 m, 14. III. 1993, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29352). — Stn CP 669, 20 ° 57.3 ’ S, 165 ° 35.3 ’ E, 255 - 280 m, 14. III. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29327). Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1323, 17 ° 16.1 ’ S, 177 ° 45.7 ’ E, 143 - 173 m, 7. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN- B 29257). — Stn DW 1334, 16 ° 51.4 ’ S, 178 ° 13.9 ’ E, 251 - 257 m, 9. VIII. 1998, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29258). — Stn DW 1349, 17 ° 32.5 ’ S, 178 ° 37.5 ’ E, 198 - 200 m, 11. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29355). — Stn DW 1350, 17 ° 31.1 ’ S, 178 ° 38.8 ’ E, 244 - 252 m, 11. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29300). — Stn DW 1359, 17 ° 49.7 ’ S, 178 ° 47.8 ’ E, 183 - 188 m, 13. VIII. 1998, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29260). BORDAU 1, stn CP 1403, 16 ° 40 ’ S, 179 ° 36 ’ E, 220 - 224 m, 25. II. 1999, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29301). DISTRIBUTION. — South China Sea (Zarenkov 1972; Chen 1998) and now from the Philippine Is, Solomon Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Fiji. Depth: 53 - 280 m. COLOUR A photograph of a freshly collected male from Vanuatu (Santo 2006 expedition; ZRC) shows a light-orange carapace, slightly lighter on the posterior half. The anterior and anterolateral margins of the carapace, as well as a thin, curved band on the cardiac region of the carapace, are dark orange. The chelipeds are light orange with dark orange margins. REMARKS The abundant material from the Philippine Is to Fiji that was examined agrees with the description. Zarenkov’s illustration of the distal part of the G 1 (Zarenkov 1972: fig. 7 - 2, as Goneplax serenei), however, departs from that of the material examined. The tip is shown as broad (almost leaf-like) and bordered by small spines on one side and by short setae on the other. The morphology of the G 1 of the specimens examined varies according to size. It is slender in pre-adults (Chen 1998: fig. 12 - 7, as G. serenei) but uniquely bent distally (Chen 1998: fig. 12 - 6, as G. serenei). The tip, although often slightly expanded distally has never shown a broad, leaf-like expansion bordered by setae and small spines as that illustrated by Zarenkov 1972. The type material (presumably at ZMMU) could not be examined so this particular character could not be verified. It is possible that Zarenkov’s figure was mislabelled as in some of the other figures in his paper (see Castro 2000: 523, 551). Also characteristic of P. serenei n. comb. are the flattened, shovel-like chelipeds (P 1), the absence of anterolateral teeth, and the presence of a distal tooth on the ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri (Fig. 28 C). Also characteristic is an iridescent region at the distal end of the peduncles. It remains visible in specimens that have been preserved for almost thirty years. Other diagnostic characters of the species are given in the description of Paragoneplax n. gen. (see above).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE4250AFD61FA65FCABFE0F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Goneplax ockelmanni Serène, 1971 (by original designation; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE4250AFD61FA65FCABFE0F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Adults of small size (cw rarely more than 4.5 mm). Carapace (Figs 35 A; 37; 38 A; 39 A; Tesch 1918: pl. 10, fig. 2, as Ommatocarcinus orientalis; Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 7 a, as Goneplax nipponensis; Serène & Umali 1972: fig. 82, as G. ockelmanni) transversely rectangular, much wider than long, relatively wider in larger individuals; widest at conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front slightly deflected ventrally, straight to slightly convex, not marked by median emargination. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border; orbits wide, greatly expanded distally; supraorbital borders conspicuously sinuous, smooth; suborbital borders sinuous, inner tooth short or absent (Tesch 1918: pl. 10, fig. 2 a, as O. orientalis); lateral borders sinuous, no anterolateral angle or tooth. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with conspicuous, outwardly oriented, acute tooth; tooth placed medially or anteriorly on carapace. Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article does not reach front. Eye peduncles (Figs 35 A; 37; 38 A; 39 A; Tesch 1918: pl. 10, fig. 2, as O. orientalis; Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 7 a, as G. nipponensis; Serène & Umali 1972: fig. 82, as G. ockelmanni) long, shorter or longer than front (0.8 - 1.2 front width); cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform (not conspicuously dorso-ventrally flattened, not clearly divided into anterior, posterior portions). No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Fig. 37; Tesch 1918: pl. 10, fig. 2 d, as O. orientalis) long, slender, shovel-like, slightly curved (strongly curved in large males), shorter than elongated propodus; dactylus without dark portion; inner (ventral) margin of propodus smooth or with low tubercles in large males; carpus without defined tooth on inner margin; merus with conspicuous tubercles on outer (dorsal) margin, long simple setae. Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri (Fig. 37) unarmed; dactyli of ambulatory legs slender, with carina on each side, setose (P 5 propodus, dactylus of S. platypoda n. sp. broad, flat; Fig. 37). Male abdomen (Fig. 36 A; Tesch 1918: pl. 10, fig. 2 e, as O. orientalis; Serène & Umali 1972: fig. 85, as G. ockelmanni; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 15 A) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, wide (more slender in S. styrax n. sp.), somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wide, slightly wider than long (slightly longer than wide in S. dichotoma n. sp., S. platypoda n. sp., and S. stryrax). Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Figs 35 B; 36 B; 38 B; 39 B; 40 A; Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 7 d-f, as G. nipponensis; Serène & Umali 1972: figs 86, 87, as G. ockelmanni; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 15 B, B’) long, slender, or stout; slightly sinuous, slightly broadened proximally. G 2 (Figs 35 C; 36 C; 38 C; 39 C; 40 B; Tesch 1918: pl. 10, fig. 2 e, as O. orientalis; Serène & Umali 1972: figs 88, 89, as G. ockelmanni; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 15 C) slender, slightly longer than or as long as G 1, flagellum longer than proximal part (peduncle); tip curved, pointed, or slightly enlarged with terminal spinule. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of two mature females reliably identified as belonging to genus (S. styrax n. sp. and S. wolffi) relatively large, extending from edge of suture 5 / 6 (displaced, arched to make contact with suture 4 / 5 in S. styrax n. sp.; slightly arched in small S. wolffi female) to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover absent.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE4250AFD61FA65FCABFE0F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Serène & Soh (1976: 17) described their new genus Singhaplax to include two Indo-West Pacific species that did not conform to the description of Goneplax sensu lato: G. nipponesis Yokoya, 1933, and G. ockelmanni Serène, 1971. Guinot (1969 b: 522) had previously questioned the inclusion of G. nipponensis (= Singhaplax styrax n. sp.) in the genus Goneplax since its description did not give enough information on the ventral surface. Serène (1971: 915) and Serène & Umali (1972: 82) also commented that S. ockelmanni (as Goneplax ockelmanni) was not congeneric with another species of Goneplax sensu lato (G. sinuatifrons Miers, 1886 = Hadroplax sinuatifrons n. comb.) on account of the structure of their antennules and G 1. The discovery of additional species of Singhaplax has provided the opportunity to further characterize the genus. It is nearly identical to Microgoneplax n. gen. in terms of the shape of the carapace but it differs from the latter by the presence of a long G 2 that is as long as or slightly longer than the G 1 in contrast to Microgoneplax n. gen., where the G 2 is much shorter than the G 1 (see description of Microgoneplax n. gen. below). A long G 2 was the key character used by Serène & Umali (1972) to define Singhaplax. Other characters that separate Singhaplax from Goneplax sensu stricto and the five Indo-West Pacific genera that include species that were formerly included in Goneplax sensu lato are summarized in Table 4. There are seven described species of Singhaplax, including four being described herein. Two yet undescribed species have been recently discovered in the Philippine Is and will be described jointly with T. Naruse.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEA250BFF14FAFCFDD1FBB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ holotype, cl 3.0 mm, cw 5.2 mm (ZMUC). TYPE LOCALITY. — Thailand, Andaman Sea coast. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., PANGLAO 2004, stn T 5, Bohol I., west of Balayon, 09 ° 35.3 ’ N, 123 ° 52.2 ’ E, 84 - 87 m, coarse muddy sand, 2. VI. 2004, ♂ cl 4.0 mm, cw 8.7 mm, ♀ cl 4.0 mm, cw 8.5 mm (ZRC 2004.0786). — Stn T 28, Panglao I., 09 ° 35.0 ’ N, 123 ° 51.4 ’ E, 80 m, muddy sand, 1. VII. 2004, ♂ cl 3.9, cw 8.0 mm (ZRC 2004.0787).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEA250BFF14FAFCFDD1FBB6.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Andaman Sea coast of Thailand (Serène 1971; Serène & Umali 1972; Serène & Soh 1976; Davie et al. 2002; Ng & Davie 2002) and now from the Philippine Is.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEA250BFF14FAFCFDD1FBB6.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Although very briefly described (Serène 1971: 915, as Goneplax ockelmanni), additional information and detailed illustrations on S. ockelmanni were given by Serène & Umali (1972: 82, figs 82 - 89, as Goneplax ockelmanni) and Serène & Soh 1976: 18, fig. 15, pl. 4, fig. A). The holotype of the species was unfortunately not examined. The male specimens from the Philippine Is and Indonesia examined, however, have the characteristic wide abdomen, the bilobed and beak-like G 1, and the long G 2 illustrated for S. ockelmanni. The spinules on the G 1, however, are not as conspicuous as those shown by Serène & Umali (1972: figs 86, 87) and particularly by Serène & Soh (1976: fig. 15 B, B’). The G 2 is not as long as that shown by Serène & Umali (1972: fig. 88) but it is similar to that illustrated by Serène & Soh (1976: fig. 15 C). The chelipeds (P 1) meri and propodi of two males (cl 4.0 mm, cw 8.7 mm, cl 3.9, cw 8.0 mm; ZRC) were longer than those of the smaller male holotype. The chelipeds of the third specimen, a female (cl 4.0 mm, cw 8.5 mm), nevertheless agree with those of the holotype as illustrated by Serène & Umali (1972: figs 83, 84). The teeth are slender and placed approximately on the medial axis of the carapace (Serène & Umali 1972: fig. 82), similar to their position in S. dichotoma n. sp., S. rhamphe n. sp., and S. orientalis (Tesch, 1918). In the remaining three described species of Singhaplax, however, the teeth are in a more anterior position on the carapace (see Figs 37; 39).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEB2508FF5CFB44FB84FA1A.taxon	description	(Fig. 35)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEB2508FF5CFB44FB84FA1A.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — KARUBAR, stn DW 29, ♂ holotype, cl 4.0 mm, cw 6.1 mm (MNHN-B 30069). — MUS- ORSTOM 1, stn CP 25, ♂ paratype, cl 3.2 mm, cw 5.0 mm (MNHN-B 30070). — MUSORSTOM 2, stn DR 34, ♂ paratype, cl 3.8 mm, cw 5.9 mm (MNHN-B 10286). TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Kai Islands, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. South China Sea, MUSORSTOM 1, stn CP 25, 14 ° 03 ’ N, 120 ° 20 ’ E, 191 - 200 m, 22. III. 1976, 1 ♂ paratype, cl 3.2 mm, cw 5.0 mm (MNHN-B 30070). MUSORSTOM 2, stn DR 34, 13 ° 27.0 ’ N, 121 ° 12.0 ’ E, 167 - 155 m, 24. XI. 1980, 1 ♂ paratype, cl 3.8 mm, cw 5.9 mm (MNHN-B 10286). Indonesia. Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 29, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m, 26. X. 1991, ♂ holotype, cl 4.0 mm, cw 6.1 mm (MNHN-B 30069). ETYMOLOGY. — From dichotomus, Greek for “ cut in two ”, in reference to the bilobed tip of the G 1 characteristic of the species. DISTRIBUTION. — Philippine Is and Indonesia (Kai Is). Depth: 155 - 200 m. DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 35 A) transversely rectangular, much wider than long (1.5 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front straight to slightly sinuous. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders broad, conspicuously sinuous, smooth, with long simple setae. Suborbital borders conspicuously sinuous, with short, acute granules; short, wide inner tooth not visible dorsally. Long, slender, acute tooth on outer orbital angle; tooth medially placed on carapace. Lateral borders beyond outer orbital teeth slightly curved, no anterolateral teeth. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles. Eye peduncles (Fig. 35 A) long (equal to front width), cornea elongated, spherical distal margin. Chelipeds (P 1) unequal (female unknown); fingers slender, dactylus curved, slightly shorter than propodus, with blunt teeth; no dark colour on fingers; inner (ventral) margin of propodus smooth. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with low tubercles, long simple setae. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) long, slender, unarmed, varying number of long, plumose setae; dactyli long, slender, each with 2 carinae along each side; length of P 5 merus 0.8 cl. Male abdomen wide (see abdomen of S. platypoda n. sp., Fig. 36 A), with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson slightly longer than wide. Somite 3 covers most of space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, leaving small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 35 B) long, relatively stout, slightly wider basal part, straight distal part with large denticles; wide, truncated tip with 2 divergent, nearly triangular processes. G 2 (Fig. 35 C) slender, long, nearly equal or slightly longer than G 1, curved flagellum slightly shorter than proximal part (peduncle), tip with terminal spinule. Female unknown. REMARKS The new species is closest to Singhaplax ockelmanni (Serène, 1971). The G 1 is bilobed in both species but the apical processes are different. They are large and beak-like in S. ockelmanni (Serène & Umali 1972: figs 86, 87; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 15 B, B’) but they are much smaller in the new species (Fig. 35 B). Specimens from the Philippine Is and Indonesia identified here as S. ockelmanni are of the same size range of the type material of S. dichotoma n. sp., which precludes the possibility that the new species represents the pre-adult of S. ockelmanni. Another difference is the G 2, with a pointed tip in S. ockelmanni (Serène & Umali 1972: fig. 88; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 15 C) but with a conspicuous terminal spinule in the new species (Fig. 35 C). The male telson is different from that of other species of Singhaplax, except S. platypoda n. sp. and S. styrax n. sp., by being slightly longer than wide.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE82509FD04F9E3FD1CFE30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Siboga, stn 260, ♂ holotype, cl 2.3 mm, cw 4.5 mm (ZMA De 103.007). TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Kai Islands, 05 ° 36.5 ’ S, 132 ° 55.2 ’ E, 90 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Indonesia. Kai Is, Siboga Expedition, stn 260, 05 ° 36.5 ’ S, 132 ° 55.2 ’ E, 90 m, 16 - 18. XII. 1899, ♂ holotype, cl 2.3 mm, cw 4.5 mm (ZMA De 103.007).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE82509FD04F9E3FD1CFE30.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from Indonesia (Kai Is). Depth: 90 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE82509FD04F9E3FD1CFE30.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE82509FD04F9E3FD1CFE30.taxon	description	The morphologies of the G 1 and G 2 plus other characters (narrow male abdomen, absence of a tooth on the median portion of the cheliped meri) demonstrate that S. orientalis, even if known from only one specimen, is distinct from the other four species of Singhaplax (S. dichotoma n. sp., S. platypoda n. sp., S. rhamphe n. sp., and S. styrax n. sp.) plus a similar small-size species (Microgoneplax pelecis n. sp.) that are being described from apparently similar habitats in the Kai Is. These six species of Singhaplax and Microgoneplax n. gen. appear to be sympatric, although it is possible that there are dif- ferences in their particular microhabitats (sediment size, relative position in the sediment) or behaviours (feeding habits, activity patterns, association with other species). Barnard (1950: 286) commented that the small holotype of S. orientalis “ appears to be a juvenile ”, but his assumption was most probably wrong. The G 1 and G 2 of the holotype are clearly fully formed.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE9250FFCA5FDDDFD97FA79.taxon	description	(Figs 36; 37)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE9250FFCA5FDDDFD97FA79.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — KARUBAR, stn DW 22, ♂ holotype, cl 2.8 mm, cw 5.1 mm (MNHN-B 29215). — MUS- ORSTOM 7, stn DW 495, pre-adult ♀ paratype, cl 3.3 mm, cw 6.0 mm (MNHN-B 30068). TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Kai Islands, 05 ° 22 ’ S, 133 ° 01 ’ E, 85 - 124 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Indonesia. Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 22, 05 ° 22 ’ S, 133 ° 01 ’ E, 124 - 85 m, 25. X. 1991, ♂ holotype, cl 2.8 mm, cw 5.1 mm (MNHN-B 29215). Futuna Island. MUSORSTOM 7, stn DW 495, 14 ° 19 ’ S, 178 ° 04 ’ W, 180 - 210 m, 10. V. 1992, pre-adult ♀ paratype, cl 3.3 mm, cw 6.0 mm (MNHN-B 30068).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE9250FFCA5FDDDFD97FA79.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From platys, Greek for “ broad ” or “ wide, ” and podus, Greek for “ foot, ” in reference to the flat, broad propodus and dactylus of the P 5 characteristic of the species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE9250FFCA5FDDDFD97FA79.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Indonesia (Kai Is) and Futuna I. (southwestern Pacific Ocean). Depth: 85 - 210 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE9250FFCA5FDDDFD97FA79.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 36 A; 37) transversely rectangular, much wider than long (1.8 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front straight. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border absent. Supraorbital borders broad, conspicuously sinuous, smooth, with long simple setae. Suborbital borders conspicuously sinuous, slightly granular, inner tooth absent. Long, slender, acute tooth on outer orbital angle; tooth medially placed on carapace. Lateral borders beyond outer orbital teeth slightly curved, slight swelling immediately below teeth in pre-adult female paratype, no anterolateral teeth. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles. Eye peduncles (Figs 36 A; 37) long (equal to front width), cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform. Chelipeds (P 1) of pre-adult female paratype (missing in male holotype) nearly equal (Fig. 37); fingers slender, slightly curved, slightly shorter than propodus, with blunt teeth; no dark colour on fingers; inner (ventral) margin of propodus smooth. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with low tubercles, long simple setae. P 2 - P 4 (Fig. 37) long, slender, unarmed, varying number of long simple setae; dactyli long, slender, each with 2 carinae along each side; P 5 (Fig. 37) propodus, dactylus broad, dorso-ventrally flattened, wide, without carina, bordered by many long, simple setae; dactylus ending in acute tooth; length of P 5 merus 0.7 cl. Male abdomen (Fig. 36 A) wide, with 6 freelymovable somites plus telson; telson slightly longer than wide. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, leaving small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 36 B) long, slender, tubular in appearance, slightly wider basal part, straight distal part; slender, truncated tip. G 2 (Fig. 36 C) slender, long, slightly longer than G 1, curved flagellum longer than proximal part (peduncle), pointed tip. Abdomen of pre-adult female paratype narrow, outer margin of thoracic sternites visible. Vulva of pre-adult paratype barely visible, near edge of suture 5 / 6. Castro P.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFE9250FFCA5FDDDFD97FA79.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The species is being described as new, even if only two specimens are available, on account of the flat, broad P 5 dactylus (Fig. 37), a unique feature in Singhaplax and related genera, with the exception of Goneplacoides marivenae n. comb. (Komatsu & Takeda, 2003). Both specimens are small. The female is clearly a pre-adult, but the G 1 and G 2 of the male appear fully formed. The shape of the male telson, like that of S. dichotoma n. sp., departs from that of other species of Singhaplax, except S. dichotoma n. sp. and S. styrax n. sp., by being slightly longer than wide. The outer orbital teeth are medially placed on the carapace, in contrast to S. styrax n. sp., where they are more anteriorly placed on the carapace.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEF250DFF53FA03FED9FCD2.taxon	description	(Fig. 38)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEF250DFF53FA03FED9FCD2.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — KARUBAR, stn DW 29, ♂ holotype, cl 4.4 mm, cw 7.6 mm (MNHN-B 30071); ♂ paratype feminized by Sacculina, cl 4.0 mm, cw 6.7 mm; ♂ paratype, cl 2.3 mm, cw 4.2 mm (MNHN-B 30072). TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Kai Islands, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Indonesia. Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 29, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m, 26. X. 1991, ♂ holotype, cl 4.4 mm, cw 7.6 mm (MNHN-B 30071); 1 ♂ paratype feminized by Sacculina, cl 4.0 mm, cw 6.7 mm, 1 ♂ paratype, cl 2.3 mm, cw 4.2 mm (MNHN-B 30072).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEF250DFF53FA03FED9FCD2.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From rhamphe, Greek for “ curved knife ”, noun in apposition, in reference to the curved G 1 characteristic of the species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEF250DFF53FA03FED9FCD2.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from Indonesia (Kai Is). Depth: 181 - 184 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEF250DFF53FA03FED9FCD2.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 38 A) transversely rectangular, much wider than long (1.7 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front slightly convex, almost straight. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders broad, conspicuously sinuous, smooth, with long simple setae. Suborbital borders conspicuously sinuous, with short, acute granules; conspicuous, triangular inner tooth. Long, slender, acute tooth on outer orbital angle; tooth medially placed on carapace. Lateral borders beyond outer orbital teeth slightly convex, no anterolateral teeth. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles. Eye peduncles (Fig. 38 A) long (0.9 front width), cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform. Chelipeds (P 1) slightly unequal (female unknown); fingers slender, dactylus curved, slightly shorter than propodus, with blunt teeth; no dark colour on fingers; inner (ventral) margin of propodus smooth. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with low tubercles, long simple setae. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) long, slender, unarmed, varying number of long simple setae; dactyli long, slender, each with 2 carinae along each side; length of P 5 merus 0.8 cl. Male abdomen wide (see abdomen of S. platypoda n. sp., Fig. 36 A), with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson slightly wider than long. Somite 3 covers most of space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, leaving relatively small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 38 B) long, slightly wider basal part, curved distal part with small denticles along outer margin; slightly pointed, grooved tip. G 2 (Fig. 38 C) slender, long, nearly equal or slightly longer than G 1, curved flagellum about as long as proximal part (peduncle), tip with terminal spinule. Female unknown.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFEF250DFF53FA03FED9FCD2.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Singhaplax rhamphe n. sp. was collected from the same station in the Kai Is, Indonesia as S. dichotoma n. sp. Four other species of Singhaplax were also collected from different stations but in a similar habitat from the same region. All four are morphologically close species that appear to be sympatric (see Remarks for S. orientalis above). The new species is distinguished from the other described species of Singhaplax by its characteristic G 1, which has a curved distal part with small denticles along the outer margin and a grooved tip (Fig. 38 B). The tip of the G 2 has a terminal spinule (Fig. 38 C).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	description	(Fig. 39)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — KARUBAR, stn DW 18, ♂ holotype, cl 4.1 mm, cw 6.7 mm (MNHN-B 29211). Paratypes: two other males, one mature female, and one pre-adult female specimen from the type locality as listed under Material examined (MNHN-B 30073). TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Kai Islands, 05 ° 18 ’ S, 133 ° 01 ’ E, 205 - 212 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Indonesia. Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 18, 05 ° 18 ’ S, 133 ° 01 ’ E, 205 - 212 m, 24. X. 1991, ♂ holotype, cl 4.1 mm, cw 6.7 mm (MNHN-B 29211); 2 ♂♂ paratypes (cl 4.4 mm, cw 7.4 mm; cl 2.4 mm, cw 3.9 mm), 1 pre-adult ♀, cl 3.0 mm, cw 4.6 mm, 1 ♀, cw 5.6 mm (MNHN-B 30073).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From styrax, Greek name for the spike at the end of a spear, noun in apposition, in reference to the pointed tip of the G 1 characteristic of the species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Japan (Takeda & Miyake 1968, as Goneplax nipponensis) and now Indonesia (Kai Is). Depth: 110 - 212 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 39 A; Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 7 a, as Goneplax nipponensis) transversely rectangular, much wider than long (1.6 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front slightly convex. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border in most specimens (missing in holotype male). Supraorbital borders broad, conspicuously sinuous, smooth, without conspicuous setae (short simple setae in some paratypes). Suborbital borders conspicuously sinuous, with short, acute granules; inner tooth short not visible dorsally or absent. Long, slender, acute tooth on outer orbital angle; tooth anteriorly placed on carapace. Lateral borders beyond outer orbital teeth slightly convex, no anterolateral teeth. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles; long plumose setae on pterygostomial region. Eye peduncles long (0.8 front width), cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, only slightly reniform (not dorso-ventrally flattened, not clearly divided into anterior, posterior portions). Chelipeds (P 1) (Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 7 b, c, as Goneplax nipponensis) unequal in males, equal in pre-adult female (only female with P 1); fingers slender, dactylus curved, conspicuously curved in larger chelae of males, slightly shorter than propodus, with blunt teeth; no dark colour on fingers; inner (ventral) margin of propodus smooth. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with conspicuous low to acute tubercles, long plumose setae. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) long, slender, unarmed, varying number of long simple setae; dactyli long, slender, each with 2 carinae along each side; length of P 5 merus 0.5 cl. Male abdomen narrow, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson slightly longer than wide. Somite 3 covers most of space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, leaving relatively small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 39 B; Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 7 d, e, as Goneplax nipponensis) long, slender, slightly wider basal part with many small denticles, straight distal part with large denticles along outer margin, slightly pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 39 C) slender, long, slightly longer than G 1, curved flagellum longer than proximal part (peduncle), pointed tip. Mature female paratype abdomen wide, outer margin of thoracic sternites visible. Telson much wider than long. Somite 2 covers space between P 5 coxae, somites 1, 2 narrower than somite 3, leaving small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature female paratype round, relatively large, extending from edge of suture 5 / 6 (displaced, arched to make contact with suture 4 / 5) to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover absent but slightly thicker outer posterior margin.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Serène & Soh (1976) included Goneplax nipponensis Yokoya, 1933 (as Gonoplax [sic] nipponensis) in the genus Singhaplax on account of a G 2 longer than the G 1 and presumably on the general shape of the carapace. They did not examine any material of this species and based their conclusion on observations by Takeda & Miyake (1968). Although the carapace of the specimen illustrated by Takeda & Miyake (1968: fig. 7 a) does agree with the characteristic morphology of the carapace and eye peduncles of Singhaplax, the illustration shown in the description of G. nipponensis (Yokoya 1933: fig. 64) does not. The outer orbital teeth in Yokoya’s illustration are much smaller and shorter than in Singhaplax, and the orbits and supraorbital borders are straight instead of the conspicuously sinuous borders of Singhaplax. The type material of Yokoya’s species appears to be lost. His species clearly belongs to a different genus, possibly Hadroplax n. gen. from the general shape of the carapace. Yokoya (1933: 198) actually placed his new species as “ near ” Goneplax sinuatifrons Miers, 1886 (= Hadroplax sinuatifrons n. comb.). The Japanese material examined and illustrated by Takeda & Miyake (1968), on which Serène & Soh (1976) based their conclusion, belongs instead to S. styrax n. sp. The material examined by Takeda & Miyake, a male and a female, was unfortunately not available for examination but the characteristic G 1 of their material (Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 7 d, e) is identical to that of S. styrax n. sp. (Fig. 39 B) with the single exception that the apex is slightly more pointed in the Japanese material than in S. styrax n. sp. The G 2 of the male, which was not illustrated by Takeda & Miyake, was described as being longer than the G 1 as in S. styrax n. sp. All other characters described by Takeda & Miyake agree with those of the new species. The Taiwan material identified as Goneplax nipponensis by Ho et al. (2004: 659, fig. 6 E) appears to be referable to Goneplacoides marivenae (Komatsu & Takeda, 2003) n. comb. (see Remarks for the latter species). Singhaplax styrax n. sp. departs from its other congeners by having a male abdomen that is narrower than in any of the species of Singhaplax where the shape of the abdomen is known, a characteristic of Microgoneplax n. gen. (see below). Another difference is that the supraorbital margins (Fig. 39 A) are not as sinuous as in the remaining known species of Singhaplax. The G 2 of the new species is nevertheless long in sharp contrast to the short G 2 of Microgoneplax n. gen. and the supraorbital margins are smooth in contrast to the granular margins of Microgoneplax n. gen. The outer orbital teeth are more slender than those of its congeners. The teeth are placed slightly more anteriorly on the carapace than in most congeners, where they are more medi- ally placed on the carapace. Also characteristic of the new species are the long plumose setae along the outer (dorsal) margin of the cheliped meri and on the pterygostomial region. The vulva of the only mature female in the material examined (cw 5.6 mm; MNHN-B 30073), and the only mature female reliably identified as belonging to Singhaplax, was round and relatively large. It extended from the edge of suture 5 / 6, which was uniquely displaced and arched to make contact with suture 4 / 5, thus appearing as if the anterior edge of the vulva extended from suture 4 / 5. There was no vulvar cover but the outer posterior margin was slightly thicker than the rest of the margin. The vulva of the second female examined, a pre-adult (cl 3.0 mm, cw 4.6 mm; MNHN-B 30073), was barely visible and suture 5 / 6 was not displaced or arched.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Dana Expedition, stn 3612, ♀ holotype, cl 2.4 mm, cw 4.2 mm (ZMUC 8627). TYPE LOCALITY. — New Caledonia, off east coast, 21 ° 40 ’ S, 165 ° 24 ’ E, 165 - 360 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia. Dana Expedition, stn 3612, 21 ° 40 ’ S, 165 ° 24 ’ E, 165 - 360 m, 27. XI. 1928, ♀ holotype, cl 2.4 mm, cw 4.2 mm (ZMUC 8627). BATHUS 1, stn DW 687, 20 ° 34.62 ’ S, 165 ° 07.30 ’ E, 408 - 440 m, 16. III. 1993, 1 ♂ cl 2.1 mm, cw 3.5 mm (MNHN-B 29351).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	description	BATHUS 2, stn DW 715, 22 ° 39.42 ’ S, 167 ° 10.99 ’ E, 202 - 227 m, 11. V. 1993, 1 ♀ cw 4.3 mm (MNHN-B 29432). BATHUS 4, stn DW 896, 20 ° 15.92 ’ S, 163 ° 51.70 ’ E, 315 - 350 m, 3. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ cl 2.6 mm, cw 5.2 mm (MNHN-B 29251). — Stn CP 897, 20 ° 15.93 ’ S, 163 ° 51.75 ’ E, 305 - 350 m, 3. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ cl 2.4 mm, cw 5.0 mm (MNHN-B 29338).? LAGON, stn 500, 19 ° 04 ’ S, 163 ° 30 ’ E, 225 m, 4. III. 1985, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29366).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from New Caledonia. Depth: 165 - 360 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFED2511FF43FCB8FDCEFC54.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Serène (1964) described Goneplax wolffi from only one specimen, a small incomplete female collected off New Caledonia and illustrated only by a poor photograph (Serène 1964: pl. 16, fig. C). Most of the description consisted of a comparison with Goneplax sinuatifrons (= Hadroplax sinuatifrons Miers, 1886), to which Serène believed it resembled. The description, however, gives two diagnostic characters unique for Singhaplax that were also present in several more recently collected specimens from New Caledonia: a recurved tooth (“ une forte épine aigue [sic], longe et courbe ”) on the median portion of the inner margin of the cheliped merus, and two small tubercles (“ 2 très petits tubercules ”) at a prominence found at the anterolateral border of the carapace of the holotype (Serène 1964: 192). The examination of the holotype (cl 2.4 mm, cw 4.2 mm; ZMUC 8627) confirmed Serène’s description. The holotype and the additional material from New Caledonia, which includes three males, have permitted a more complete characterization. The G 1 (Fig. 40 A) has a slender distal part, a pointed tip, and a wide, nearly triangular basal part, with small denticles along the outer border. The G 2 (Fig. 40 B) is as long as the G 1, slender, with a straight flagellum that is about as long as the proximal part (peduncle), and an expanded tip with a terminal spinule. The male abdomen is wide as in the other species of Singhaplax with the exception of S. styrax n. sp. The vulva of the only mature but small female (cw 4.3 mm; MNHN-B 29432) extended from the edge of a slightly arched suture 5 / 6 to median portion of thoracic sternite 6. There was no evidence of a vulvar cover. Each of the anterolateral borders of the carapace of the largest male (cl 2.6 mm, cw 5.2 mm; MNHN-B 29251) had four small tubercles on a short prominence just posterior to the outer orbital teeth, while there were two in a slightly more pronounced prominence in the small female holotype as indicated by Serène. Two small tubercles were present in a small female (cw 4.3 mm; MNHN-B 29432) but the prominence of the holotype was absent. A varying number of tubercles and a prominence on each side of the carapace were found in two small males (cl 2.4 mm, cw 5.0 mm, MNHN-B 29338; cl 2.1 mm, cw 3.5 mm, MNHN-B 29351). There was a small triangular inner tooth on each suborbital border of the holotype as well as in the rest of the specimens that were examined. The cheliped (P 1) propodus was short in the holotype and in the small specimens that were examined. It was elongated, however, in the smallest cheliped of the largest male; its largest cheliped was thick and relatively smooth. There were conspicuous tubercles along the inner border of the propodus in the small cheliped of this male. There was a curved tooth on the median portion of the inner margin of the cheliped merus, a character previously indicated for the holotype (Serène 1964: 192). The holotype and the small specimens examined had a small, acute tooth on the inner, distal angle of the carpus. It was missing in the largest male. A relatively large yet sexually immature female from New Caledonia (cl 5.5 mm, cw 9.0 mm; MNHN-B 29366) had two acute teeth on the distal half of the inner margin of the cheliped merus, an acute and conspicuous tooth on the inner margin of the cheliped carpus, and a small tooth only on the posterior angle of the carpus of the left cheliped. The fingers were long and shovel-like, and the dactylus and propodus had long setae on the outer margins. The dorsal surface of the carapace had two shallow ridges and two slight prominences just posterior of each of the outer orbital teeth. The outer orbital tooth was similar to those of Singhaplax but not as prominent. These characters depart so much from those in the holotype and five other specimens of S. wolffi that were examined that it seems certain that they are not conspecific, perhaps not even congeneric.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF12516FF5EFC39FC46FBB6.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Microgoneplax caenis n. sp. (by present designation; gender feminine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF12516FF5EFC39FC46FBB6.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From mikros, Greek for “ small, ” in reference to the small size of the G 2 (much shorter than the G 1) and the small overall size of the known species, and the generic name Goneplax, to indicate that although the species included in the new genus superficially resemble Goneplax in the general shape of their carapaces and elongated eye peduncles, they actually belong to a separate genus.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF12516FF5EFC39FC46FBB6.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Adults of small size (cw rarely more than 4.5 mm). Carapace (Figs 41 A; 42; 43 A; 44 A; 45 A; 46; Chen 1998: fig. 14 - 1, as Ommatocarcinus elegans) transversely rectangular, wider than long, relatively wider in larger individuals; widest at conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front slightly deflected ventrally, straight to slightly convex, not marked by median emargination (emargination described in M. elegans n. comb. [Chen 1998: fig. 14 - 2]). Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Orbits wide, greatly expanded distally; supraorbital borders conspicuously sinuous, with tubercles; suborbital borders sinuous, with wide inner tooth not visible dorsally. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with conspicuous, outwardly oriented, acute tooth; tooth medially placed on carapace. Slightly convex lateral borders without anterolateral teeth. Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article nearly reaches front. Eye peduncles long (Figs 41 A; 42; 43 A; 44 A; 45 A; 46; Chen 1998: fig. 14 - 1, as Ommatocarcinus elegans), slightly shorter or as long as front (0.7 - 1.0 front width); cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform (not conspicuously dorso-ventrally flattened, not clearly divided into anterior, posterior portions). Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds nearly completely close the buccal cavern. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against tubercles of pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Figs 42; 46; Chen 1998: figs 14 - 3, 14 - 4, as O. elegans) long, slender, shovel-like, curved (conspicuously curved in large males), shorter than elongated propodus; inner (ventral) margin of propodus with large, round tubercles particularly in large males; carpus with blunt tooth on inner margin; merus typically with conspicuous tubercles on outer (dorsal) margin, long simple setae. Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri (Figs 42; 46) unarmed, dactyli slender, with carina on each side. Male abdomen (Fig. 41 B) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, narrowly triangular (relatively wide in M. elegans n. comb.; see Chen 1998: fig. 14 - 6, as O. elegans), somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson longer than wide. Somite 3 covers most space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Figs 41 C; 43 B; 44 B; 45 B; Chen 1998: fig. 14 - 7, as O. elegans) long, slender, slightly broadened proximally, distal end varies among species. G 2 (Figs 41 D; 43 C; 44 C; 45 C; Chen 1998: fig. 14 - 8, as O. elegans) short, less than half G 1 length; slightly curved, thick flagellum about same length of proximal part (peduncle), much expanded tip. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females not expanded, ovoid, extending from 5 / 6 suture to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover present.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF12516FF5EFC39FC46FBB6.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Microgoneplax n. gen. is being described as a new genus to accommodate the small-size species of Goneplax sensu lato where the G 2 is much shorter than the G 1, in contrast to Singhaplax where the G 2 is longer or as long as the G 1. Both genera share the basic morphology of the carapace and pereopods (see Remarks for Singhaplax above). There are, however, some additional differences. The male abdomen is wide (narrow in Singhaplax, except in one species), the front is straight (slightly convex in Singhaplax), the suborbital tooth is conspicuous (short or obsolete in Singhaplax), and the inner (ventral) margin of the P 1 merus has conspicuous tubercles (smooth or with short granules in Singhaplax). The outer orbital teeth are always medially placed on the carapace, whereas in some species of Singhaplax they are more anteriorly placed. A short G 2, the most derived character (Guinot 1979: 243), is also present in Paragoneplax n. gen., but absent in the remaining members of the Goneplacidae sensu lato. The significance of this character in the suprageneric classification of the Goneplacidae is discussed in the description of Paragoneplax n. gen. (see above). Members of the species of Microgoneplax n. gen. are also characterized by their small size. Males of different species can be distinguished because of their characteristic G 1 but females are difficult to identify, particularly if they are pre-adults, do not have a characteristic vulva, or lack both chelipeds (P 1). Females have been collected together with males of two different species, so co-occurrence of males and females is not always a reliable way to identify females. Other characters that separate Microgoneplax n. gen. from Goneplax sensu stricto and the five Indo-West Pacific genera that include species that were formerly included in Goneplax sensu lato are summarized in Table 4.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF72515FF57FB39FF35FC54.taxon	description	(Figs 41; 42)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF72515FF57FB39FF35FC54.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — PANGLAO 2004, stn T 27, ♂ holotype, cl 4.2 mm, cw 7.1 mm (NMCR 27014). Paratypes: seven other males, four females, and one pre-adult specimen from the type locality as listed under Material examined. TYPE LOCALITY. — Philippine Islands, between Panglao and Pamilacan islands, 09 ° 33.4 ’ N, 123 ° 51.0 ’ E, 106 - 137 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., PANGLAO 2004, stn T 27, between Panglao and Pamilacan islands, 09 ° 33.4 ’ N, 123 ° 51.0 ’ E, 106 - 137 m, fine sand and mud, 25. VI. 2004, 1 ♂ holotype cl 4.2 mm, cw 7.1 mm (NMCR 27014); 3 ♂♂ paratypes (cl 3.4 mm, cw 5.8 mm; cl 2.9 mm, cw 4.7 mm; cl 2.3 mm, cw 3.6 mm), 1 ♂ paratype feminized by two Sacculina parasites (cl 3.2 mm, cw 5.5 mm), 1 ♀ paratype (cl 3.4 mm, cw 6.3 mm), 2 pre-adult ♀♀ paratypes (cl 2.8 mm, cw 4.7 mm; cl 2.6 mm, cw 4.3 mm), 1 pre-adult paratype (cl 1.6 mm, cw 3.3 mm) (ZRC 2004.0788); 3 ♂♂ paratypes (cl 3.6 mm, cw 6.6 mm; cl 2.7 mm, cw 4.9 mm; cl 2.2 mm), 1 pre-adult ♀ paratype (cl 2.6 mm, cw 4.3 mm) (MNHN-B 30062). — Stn T 9, Panglao I. off San Isidro, 09 ° 33.5 ’ - 09 ° 33.9 ’ N, 123 ° 49.5 ’ - 123 ° 50.5 ’ E, 97 - 120 m, fine sand with seagrass, 14. V. 2004, 1 ♂ paratype (ZRC 2006.0171).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF72515FF57FB39FF35FC54.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From kaenis, noun in apposition, Greek for “ knife, ” in reference to the knife-like G 1 characteristic of the species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF72515FF57FB39FF35FC54.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the Philippine Is. Depth: 106 - 137 m. Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF72515FF57FB39FF35FC54.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 41 A; 42) transversely rectangular, much wider than long (1.7 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front slightly convex, almost straight. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders broad, conspicuously sinuous, finely granular, with long simple setae. Suborbital borders conspicuously sinuous, with large granules, each with large, wide, rectangular inner tooth not visible dorsally. Long, slender, acute tooth on outer orbital angle. Lateral borders beyond outer orbital teeth slightly convex, no anterolateral teeth. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles. Eye peduncles (Figs 41 A; 42) long (0.7 front width), cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 42) slightly unequal in males, nearly equal in females; fingers slender, slightly curved, shovel-like, slightly shorter than propodus, with blunt teeth, dactylus conspicuously curved in heavier chelipeds of large males; no dark colour on fingers; inner (ventral) margin of propodus with large, round tubercles in large males. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with low, toothlike tubercles, long simple setae. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) (Fig. 42) long, slender, unarmed, varying number of long simple setae; dactyli long, slender, each with 2 carinae along each side; length of P 5 merus 0.7 cl. Male abdomen (Fig. 41 B) narrowly triangular, with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson; telson longer than wide. Somite 3 covers most space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, leaving large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 41 C) long, slender, slightly wider basal part, straight distal part; median portion bent, thicker, with rounded inner margin, large denticles along inner, outer margins; slender, pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 41 D) slender, short, less than half G 1 length; slightly curved, thick flagellum about same length of proximal part (peduncle), expanded tip with 2 large terminal spinules. Female abdomen wide, outer margin of thoracic sternites visible. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somites 1, 2 narrower than somite 3, leaving large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature female paratype small, extending from edge of suture 5 / 6 to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, covered by large, flat vulvar cover leaving semi-circular inner opening.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF72515FF57FB39FF35FC54.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The relatively abundant material of specimens of varying sizes and belonging to both sexes, all collected from one station in the Philippine Is, allows the description of the new species. The species has not yet been collected elsewhere. Diagnostic of the species is its characteristic G 1. It has a slender and pointed tip, and the median portion is bent, thicker than the tip, and with a row of large denticles along the inner and outer margins (Fig. 41 C). The G 2 is also diagnostic, having an expanded tip with two large terminal spinules (Fig. 41 D). The male abdomen is slender as in all congeners except M. elegans (Chen, 1998) n. comb.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF52515FF4EFC39FBB8F97C.taxon	description	(Fig. 43)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF52515FF4EFC39FBB8F97C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — MUSORSTOM 7, stn DW 513, ♂ holotype, cl 4.4 mm, cw 8.4 mm (MNHN-B 30063). TYPE LOCALITY. — Southwestern Pacific Ocean, Futuna I., 14 ° 13 ’ S, 178 ° 11 ’ W, 260 - 300 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Futuna Island. MUSORSTOM 7, stn DW 513, 14 ° 13 ’ S, 178 ° 11 ’ W, 260 - 300 m, 12. V. 1992, ♂ holotype, cl 4.4 mm, cw 8.4 mm (MNHN-B 30063).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF52515FF4EFC39FBB8F97C.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From kope, noun in apposition, Greek for “ oar ” or “ paddle ”, in reference to the expanded, paddle-like G 1 diagnostic of the species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF52515FF4EFC39FBB8F97C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from Futuna I., southwestern Pacific Ocean. Depth: 260 - 300 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF52515FF4EFC39FBB8F97C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 43 A) transversely rectangular, much wider than long (1.9 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front slightly convex, almost straight. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders broad, conspicuously sinuous, smooth, with long simple setae. Suborbital borders conspicuously sinuous, finely granular, each with large, wide, rectangular inner tooth not visible dorsally. Long, slender, acute tooth on outer orbital angle. Lateral borders beyond outer orbital teeth slightly convex, no anterolateral teeth. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles. Eye peduncles (Fig. 43 A) long (0.7 front width), cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform. Chelipeds (P 1) unequal in male holotype (female unknown); fingers slender, slightly curved, shovel-like, slightly shorter than propodus, with blunt teeth; no dark colour on fingers; inner (ventral) margin of propodus with round tubercles. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with low, tooth-like tubercles, long simple setae. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) long, slender, unarmed, varying number of long simple setae; dactyli long, slender, each with 2 carinae along each side; length of P 5 merus 0.8 cl. Male abdomen narrowly triangular, with 6 freelymovable somites plus telson; telson longer than wide. Somite 3 covers most space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, leaving large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 43 B) long, slender, slightly wider basal part with long plumose setae, thick denticles along inner margin of distal part; slender, pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 43 C) slender, short, less than half G 1 length; slightly curved, thick flagellum about same length of proximal part (peduncle), much expanded, broad tip with terminal spinule. Female unknown.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF52515FF4EFC39FBB8F97C.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The species is being described from only one male specimen from Futuna I., southwestern Pacific Ocean. Its G 1 (Fig. 43 B), much broadened in the median portion and thus paddle-shaped and its median portion bordered by thick denticles, is unique among the species of Microgoneplax n. gen. The G 2 (Fig. 43 C) has only one terminal spicule.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFA251BFF3DFB67FDF9FD51.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ holotype (IOAS SSB III- 34); ♂ paratype (IOAS SSB 2 - 3 - 11). TYPE LOCALITY. — South China Sea, Nansha Is, 07 ° 02.14 ’ N, 108 ° 52.29 ’ E, 138 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Chesterfield Islands. MUS- ORSTOM 5, stn DW 296, 23 ° 12.61 ’ S, 159 ° 36.27 ’ E, 278 m, 11. X. 1986, 1 ♂, cl 5.1 mm (MNHN-B 29316).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFA251BFF3DFB67FDF9FD51.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — South China Sea (Chen 1998) and now Chesterfield Is. Depth: 138 - 278 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFA251BFF3DFB67FDF9FD51.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFB2518FF59FD3BFE25FA58.taxon	description	(Fig. 44)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFB2518FF59FD3BFE25FA58.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — KARUBAR, stn DW 29, ♂ holotype, cl 3.9 mm, cw 6.7 mm (MNHN-B 30065), ♂ paratype, cl 3.5 mm, cw 5.8 mm (MNHN-B 30066). TYPE LOCALITY. — Indonesia, Kai Is, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Indonesia. Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 29, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m, 26. X. 1991, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 30065); ♂ paratype (MNHN-B 30066).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFB2518FF59FD3BFE25FA58.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — From pelekys, noun in apposition, Greek for “ ax ” or “ hatchet ”, in reference to the hatchet-like G 1 diagnostic of the species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFB2518FF59FD3BFE25FA58.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from Indonesia (Kai Is). Depth: 181 - 184 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFB2518FF59FD3BFE25FA58.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 44 A) transversely rectangular, much wider than long (1.7 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front slightly convex, nearly straight. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders broad, conspicuously sinuous, finely granular, with long simple setae. Suborbital borders conspicuously sinuous, granular, each with large, wide, rectangular inner tooth not visible dorsally. Long, slender, acute tooth on outer orbital angle. Lateral borders beyond outer orbital teeth slightly curved, no anterolateral teeth. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles. Eye peduncles (Fig. 44 A) long (0.8 front width), cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform. Chelipeds (P 1) unequal in holotype, only specimen having both chelipeds; fingers slender, dactylus curved in male holotype, slightly shorter than propodus (heavier chela of male holotype much shorter than propodus), with blunt teeth; dark colour on median portion of pollex of cheliped (second cheliped being regenerated) of paratype male; inner (ventral) margin of propodus with round tubercles in holotype, lower tubercles in paratype. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with low, tooth-like tubercles (larger in male holotype), long simple setae. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) long, slender, unarmed, varying number of long simple setae; dactyli long, slender, each with 2 carinae along each side. Male abdomen narrowly triangular, with 6 freelymovable somites plus telson; telson longer than wide. Somite 3 covers most space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, leaving large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 44 B) long, slender, wide basal part; outwardly bent, broadened distal part with large denticles along borders, pointed tip. G 2 (Fig. 44 C) slender, short, less than half G 1 length; slightly curved, thick flagellum about same length of proximal part (peduncle), much expanded, flattened tip with terminal spinule. Female unknown.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFB2518FF59FD3BFE25FA58.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Microgoneplax pelecis n. sp. can be easily differentiated from congeners by its characteristic hatchet-like G 1. The medially-placed outer orbital teeth are slightly more slender than in the other species. Five females (one pre-adult parasitised by a bopyrid, three mature, one ovigerous; MNHN-B 29212) collected from station DW 29 of KARUBAR Expedition to the Kai Is could not be reliably identified since males of M. pelecis n. sp. as well as males of five species of Singhaplax were also collected from the same station. Males of species of these two genera can be differentiated because of their G 1 and G 2. The identification of females, on the other hand, is a difficult task. The vulvae of the four mature females of station DW 29 were all round, without a vulvar cover, and without the displaced suture 5 / 6 that has been identified in one mature female collected together with the males of S. styrax n. sp. (see above). The inner suborbital tooth was conspicuous (but blunt, not rectangular), which suggests their possible but highly questionable identification as M. pelecis n. sp.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF8251FFF54FA23FECFFDD0.taxon	description	(Figs 45; 46)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFF8251FFF54FA23FECFFDD0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — MUSORSTOM 5, stn DW 280, ♂ holotype, cl 3.9 mm, cw 7.3 mm (MNHN-B 29318). Paratypes: one male and six female specimens from the Chesterfield Is and New Caledonia as listed under Material examined. TYPE LOCALITY. — Chesterfield Islands, 24 ° 09.99 ’ S, 159 ° 35.75 ’ E, 270 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Chesterfield Islands. MUS- ORSTOM 5, stn DW 280, 24 ° 09.99 ’ S, 159 ° 35.75 ’ E, 270 m, 10. X. 1986, 1 ♂ holotype cl 3.9 mm, cw 7.3 mm (MNHN-B 29318). — Stn DW 281, 24 ° 10.54 ’ S, 159 ° 34.32 ’ E, 272 m, 10. X. 1986, 1 ♀ paratype cl 3.6 mm (MNHN-B 29320). — Stn DW 299, 22 ° 47.70 ’ S, 159 ° 23.70 ’ E, 370 - 390 m, 11. X. 1986, 1 pre-adult ♀ parasitised by bopyrid cl 4.6 mm, cw 8.9 mm (MNHN-B 29321). — Stn DW 334, 20 ° 06.27 ’ S, 158 ° 47.62 ’ E, 315 - 320 m, 15. X. 1986, 1 ♀ paratype cl 4.8 mm, cw 9.1 mm (MNHN-B 29319). — Stn DC 376, 19 ° 51.10 ’ S, 158 ° 29.80 ’ E, 280 m, 20. X. 1986, 1 ovig. ♀ paratype cl 6.4 mm, cw 11.7 mm (MNHN-B 29315). EBISCO, stn DW 2509, 24 ° 08 ’ S, 159 ° 35 ’ E, 265 m, 8. X. 2005, 1 ♂ cl 4.6 mm (MNHN-B 30460). New Caledonia. BATHUS 4, stn CP 901, 19 ° 02.72 ’ S, 163 ° 15.39 ’ E, 297 m, 4. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ paratype cl 3.7 mm, cw 6.6 mm; 2 ♀♀ paratypes (cl 4.0 mm, cw 7.8 mm; cl 3.3 mm, cw 6.5 mm) (MNHN-B 29339). ETYMOLOGY. — From prion, noun in apposition, Greek for “ saw ”, in reference to the thin, denticulated, saw-like G 1 characteristic of the species. DISTRIBUTION. — Chesterfield Is and New Caledonia. Depth: 265 - 297 m. DESCRIPTION Carapace (Figs 45 A; 46) transversely rectangular, much wider than long (1.9 as wide as long in holotype). Carapace convex, without clear indication of regions. Front slightly convex, almost straight. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border. Supraorbital borders broad, conspicuously sinuous, finely granular, with long simple setae. Suborbital borders conspicuously sinuous, granular, each with large, wide, rectangular inner tooth not visible dorsally. Relatively short, nearly triangular tooth on outer orbital angle. Lateral borders beyond outer orbital teeth slightly convex, no anterolateral teeth. Subhepatic, pterygostomial regions, with low, round tubercles. Eye peduncles (Figs 45 A; 46) long (equal to front width), cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform. Chelipeds (P 1) (Fig. 46) unequal in both sexes; fingers slender, dactylus strongly curved in males, slightly curved in females, shovel-like, slightly shorter than propodus (heavier chela of male holotype much shorter than propodus), with blunt teeth; no dark colour on fingers; inner (ventral) margin of propodus with large, round tubercles in holotype, small tubercles in remaining specimens. Broad tooth on inner (ventral), proximal margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with low, tooth-like tubercles (larger in male holotype), long simple setae. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) (Fig. 46) long, slender, unarmed, varying number of long simple setae; dactyli long, slender, Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) each with 2 carinae along each side; length of P 5 merus 0.8 cl. Male abdomen narrowly triangular, with 6 freelymovable somites plus telson; telson longer than wide. Somite 3 covers most space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 only slightly narrower than somite 3, leaving large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Fig. 45 B) long, slender, thin, slightly wider basal part, sinuous distal part with denticles along inner margin; slender, pointed tip with 2 minute processes. G 2 (Fig. 45 C) slender, short, less than half G 1 length; slightly curved, thick flagellum about same length of proximal part (peduncle), much expanded tip with terminal spinule. Female abdomen wide, outer margin of thoracic sternites visible. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somites 1, 2 narrower than somite 3, leaving small portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females relatively large, oblong, extending from edge of suture 5 / 6 to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, covered by small, rounded vulvar cover on inner margin plus a small projection on pos- terior margin; thin vulvar cover on enlarged vulva of large females. COLOUR The holotype, which was photographed soon after collection (Fig. 46), was transparent, with a few irregular orange-yellow marking on the carapace and chelipeds. REMARKS The G 1 of the new species is similar to that of Microgoneplax elegans n. comb. (see Chen 1998: fig. 14 - 7, as Ommatocarcinus elegans). In both species the G 1 is slender along the entire length without a broad median portion. It is nevertheless straighter and has larger denticles in the new species. A more diagnostic difference between the two species is the much wider male abdomen of M. elegans n. comb. (Chen 1998: fig. 14 - 6). The outer orbital tooth of M. prion n. sp. is relatively short and nearly triangular (Figs 45 A; 46), not as slender as in M. elegans n. comb. and its congeners. An unusually large female (cl 6.4 mm, cw 11.7 mm; MNHN-B 29315) agreed with all of the characters of the species except the vulva. It was large, reminiscent of that of Carcinoplax in its relative size. The vulva was oblong, with square anterior margins, slightly pointed posterior margins, and extending from 5 / 6 suture to 6 / 7 suture. Both sutures were slightly displaced, curving around the margins of the vulva. The vulva was covered by a thin, sclerified vulvar cover.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFF251CFF0AFDBDFC3BFE6F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Ommatocarcinus macgillivrayi White, 1852 (by monotypy, gender masculine). Name placed in Official List of Names in Zoology (with the officially designated type species) in Opinion 85, Direction 37 (see Melville & Smith 1987: 135). EXTANT SPECIES INCLUDED. — Ommatocarcinus fibriophthalmus Yokoya, 1933; O. granulatus Chen, 1998; O. macgillivrayi White, 1852; O. pulcher Barnard, 1950 All species are restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region (one species has been recorded from temperate waters in New Zealand but this is most probably the result of misidentifications). FOSSIL SPECIES INCLUDED (Karasawa & Kato [2003 b]). — Ommatocarcinus corioensis (Creswell, 1886), Ommatocarcinus sp. cf. O. macgillivrayi White, 1852, O. taiwanicus Hu & Tao, 1996, Ommatocarcinus sp. of Feldmann & Keyes (1992).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFF251CFF0AFDBDFC3BFE6F.taxon	description	SPECIES NOT INCLUDED IN OMMATOCARCINUS. — Ommatocarcinus elegans Chen, 1998 (in Microgoneplax n. gen.)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFF251CFF0AFDBDFC3BFE6F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace (Barnard 1950: fig. 53 b; Poore 2004: fig. 141 a) transversely rectangular, much wider than long; widest at conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front (Barnard 1950: 53 d) deflected ventrally, slight median projection. Wide notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border; orbits wide, greatly expanded distally; supraorbital borders sinuous, concave; suborbital borders slightly sinuous, with wide, obtuse inner tooth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders convex. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth or conspicuously granular, with slight horizontal ridges, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with conspicuous, acute tooth; anterolateral tooth absent (obtuse prominence in O. fibriophthalmus Yokoya, 1933). Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles long, much longer than front (at least 3 times front width); cornea elongated, not reniform (not conspicuously dorso-ventrally flattened, not clearly divided into anterior and posterior portions). Stridulating mechanism of rubbing proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers long, slender, slightly curved, shorter than elongated propodus; varying portion of fingers may be darker in colour, tip light; carpus with broad tooth on inner margin (merus with median tooth in O. macgillivrayi). Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri smooth or with acute distal tooth; dactyli slender, dorso-ventrally flattened, with carina on each side, setose. Male abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, relatively wide, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson slightly longer than wide. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 much narrower than somite 3 so that somites 1, 2 leave small to large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Barnard 1950: fig. 53 f; Dai & Yang 1991: fig. 199 - 1, 199 - 2) long, slender, thin, slightly sinuous, only slightly broadened proximally; pointed, thin tip. G 2 slender, slightly longer than G 1, flagellum shorter than proximal part (peduncle); curved, slightly-expanded tip with 2 spinules. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3 but somites 1, 2 leave relatively large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females ovoid, enlarged, extending from deflected 5 / 6 suture to close to 6 / 7 suture, covered by soft membrane, vulvar cover absent.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFF251CFF0AFDBDFC3BFE6F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The four species of Ommatocarcinus are characterised by greatly elongated eye peduncles and orbits, which together with a wide, transversely rectangular carapace, and conspicuous, acute outer orbital teeth show striking convergence with species of Microgoneplax n. gen., Neommatocarcinus, Singhaplax, and in some ways with Goneplax sensu stricto. Species of these genera inhabit soft subtidal bottoms at moderate depths.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFC251DFF33FC3AFBE2FDD0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ dry holotype, cl 23.8 mm, cw 56.8 mm (BMNH 50.11). TYPE LOCALITY. — Australia, Queensland, Port Curtis. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Australia. Queensland, Port Curtis, ♂ holotype (BMNH 50.11). New South Wales, Sow & Pig Shoal, Port Jackson, 33 ° 50.3 ’ S, 151 ° 16.2 ’ E, 9 m, Triton, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2000.2378). — Port Jackson, 33 ° 51 ’ S, 151 ° 16 ’ E, E. S. Coles coll., 1 ♀ (ZRC 2000.2379). Unknown locality, 1 ♂ dry (BMNH).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFC251DFF33FC3AFBE2FDD0.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Reliably known only from Australia (see Poore 2004); also recorded from the Philippine Is (Serène & Vadon 1981), South China Sea (Dai & Yang 1991), and questionably from Japan and New Zealand. Depth: subtidal to 100 m (Poore 2004).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFC251DFF33FC3AFBE2FDD0.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFFFD25E2FD14FDBDFED8FE30.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Unknown deposit. TYPE LOCALITY. — Japan, Goto Is, 146 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Philippine Islands. Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., PANGLAO 2004, stn T 27, Panglao I., Pamilacan, 09 ° 33.421 ’ N, 123 ° 51.017 ’ E, 106 - 137 m, fine sand and mud, 25. VI. 2004, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0789), 1 ♂ parasitised by Sacculina (ZRC 2004.0790). PANGLAO 2005, stn DW 2339, off Balicasag I., 09 ° 31.9 ’ S, 123 ° 47.1 ’ E, 164 - 176 m, 23. V. 2005, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30248). Indonesia. Kai Is, KARUBAR, stn DW 29, 05 ° 36 ’ S, 132 ° 56 ’ E, 181 - 184 m, 26. X. 1991, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29214). Tonga. BORDAU 2, stn CP 1545, 21 ° 15 ’ S, 175 ° 14 ’ W, 319 - 333 m, 5. VI. 2000, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29565). DISTRIBUTION. — Japan (Yokoya 1933) and the Philippine Is (Serène & Vadon 1981) and now from Indonesia (Kai Is) and Tonga. Depth: 106 - 333 m. REMARKS The material examined shares the key diagnostic characters of O. fibriophthalmus Yokoya, 1933: eye peduncles that extend a long distance beyond the distal margin of the orbits, granular surface of the quadrate carapace, presence of one anterolateral prominence on each side of the carapace, and the absence of a distal tooth on the dorsal margin of the meri of the slender ambulatory legs (see Yokoya 1933: fig. 66; Serène & Vadon 1981: pl. 2, figs E, F). The G 1 is slender, with a long, straight tip; the G 2 slightly longer than the G 1 and with a slightly curved flagellum. The stridulating mechanism of the species has been described by Guinot-Dumortier & Dumortier (1960: 121, fig. 3).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0225E2FF22FDDDFB82FE4E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♀ holotype (IOAS SSIVB 45 - 30). TYPE LOCALITY. — South China Sea, Nansha Is, 04 ° 26.0 ’ N, 111 ° 0 ’ E, 107 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0225E2FF22FDDDFB82FE4E.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the South China Sea. Depth: 107 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0225E2FF22FDDDFB82FE4E.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Male specimens and additional material of O. granulatus, which is known only from the female holotype from the South China Sea, should be examined and compared to the other known species of Ommatocarcinus. The illustration and English description by Chen (1998: 312, fig. 13), however, show clear differences from O. fibriophthalmus: absence of anterolateral teeth or prominences, a wider carapace, and the presence of a small distal tooth on the meri of each of the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5). These characters, however, are also present in O. macgillivrayi, and Chen (1998: 313) contrasts her new species with O. pulcher Barnard, 1950 but not with O. macgillivrayi. Ommatocarcinus granulatus can be differentiated from O. macgillivrayi by the relative length of their eye peduncles. The peduncles extend a considerable distance, about a third of its total length, beyond the outer orbital teeth in O. granulatus (Chen 1998: fig. 13 - 1) but only the distal margin of the eye itself extends beyond the outer orbital teeth in O. macgillivrayi. The cheliped (P 1) merus has small teeth along the dorsal border and another small tooth on the distal border of the cheliped in O. granulatus (Chen 1998: fig. 13 - 4), in contrast to a large obtuse tooth on the median portion of the outer (dorsal) margin of the merus in O. macgillivrayi. The carapace is noticeably narrower in O. granulatus: “ 1.82 - 1.86 times as broad as long ” (Chen 1998: 313) but wider, carapace width 2.3 times carapace length, in O. macgillivrayi.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0225E3FD6AFE3CFE4BF97C.taxon	description	? Ommatocarcinus macgillivrayi – Davie 2002: 200 [in list], unnumb. figure after Ommatocarcinus sp. of Yokoya (1933: fig. 65).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0225E3FD6AFE3CFE4BF97C.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — ♂ holotype from fish stomach (SAM A 8322). TYPE LOCALITY. — South Africa, Natal. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Unknown locality, T. Sakai leg., 1 ♂, cl 10.7 mm, broken (BMNH 1961.6.5.85). Taiwan. Tachi, Ilan County, commercial inshore trawlers, 100 - 400 m, P. K. L. Ng coll., 3 - 4. VIII. 1996, 1 ♂ (ZRC 1997.0403).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0225E3FD6AFE3CFE4BF97C.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — South Africa (Barnard 1950), Andaman Sea coast of Thailand (Davie et al. 2002; Ng & Davie 2002), Japan (Takeda & Miyake 1969 b), Taiwan (Ng et al. 2001), South China Sea (Dai et al. 1986). Depth: shallow subtidal to at least 100 m.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0225E3FD6AFE3CFE4BF97C.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0225E3FD6AFE3CFE4BF97C.taxon	materials_examined	The Japanese records of O. macgillivrayi appear to be referable to O. pulcher (see Remarks for O. macgillivrayi above). Ommatocarcinus sp. (Yokoya 1933), known from three Japanese specimens that could not be examined, also appears to represent O. pulcher since the meri of the ambulatory legs are similarly unarmed (Yokoya 1933: 198, fig. 65). Material from Vietnam identified by Zarenkov (1972: 234, fig. 1 - 2) as “ Ommatocarcinus sp. Yokoya? ” could not be examined or identified by the information provided.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0325E7FD61FF31FD80FE10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Psopheticus stridulans Wood-Mason, 1892 (by monotypy; gender masculine). Name placed in Official List of Names in Zoology (with the officially designated type species) in Opinion 85, Direction 37 (see Melville & Smith 1987: 158). EXTANT SPECIES INCLUDED. — Psopheticus crosnieri Guinot, 1990; P. musicus Guinot, 1990; P. stridulans Wood-Mason, 1892; P. vocans Guinot, 1985. All species are restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region. FOSSIL SPECIES INCLUDED (Karasawa & Kato [2003 b]). — Psopheticus shujenae (Hu & Tao, 1996), Psopheticus sp. aff. P. stridulans Wood-Mason, 1892.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0325E7FD61FF31FD80FE10.taxon	description	SPECIES NOT INCLUDED IN PSOPHETICUS. — Psopheticus megalops Takeda, 1989 (incertae sedis).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0325E7FD61FF31FD80FE10.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace subquadrate, only slightly wider than long; front straight, often slightly concave, not marked by median notch or projection. Slight notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border; orbits wide distally to accommodate reniform eyes, supraorbital borders conspicuously sinuous; suborbital borders rounded, with conspicuous, blunt inner tooth not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders straight or nearly straight so that fronto-orbital border as wide as or slightly narrower than maximum width of carapace at junction of anterolateral, posterolateral borders. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, slightly convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital teeth strongly projecting outwardly, flattened, triangular or leaf-like; typically acute anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace. Basal antennal article short, slender, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles relatively short, much shorter than front (0.3 - 0.4 front width); eyes reniform, dorso-ventrally flattened, cornea greatly expanded distally, nearly divided into anterior, posterior portions. Stridulating mechanism of subocular, sinuous pterygostomial crest plus tooth on outer (dorsal) margin of cheliped (P 1) merus. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 almost complete, 7 / 8 complete (Fig. 47; Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 12 D; 1990: fig. 24). Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Guinot 1990: figs 1 - 3, 19 - 23, 29 - 33, 35 - 38, 40) slender, shorter than propodus, not dark in colour; carpus with tooth on inner margin. Dorsal margin of merus of P 2 (Guinot 1990: figs 4 - 9, 41 - 43) with 1 subdistal tooth; dorsal margins of meri of P 3 - P 5 (Guinot 1990: figs 26 - 28, 34, 39) with several conspicuous, acuminate teeth; dorsal margins of carpi, propodi serrulated, with conspicuous teeth, or smooth; dactyli slender, carinated, setae absent. Male abdomen (Guinot 1990: fig. 24; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 12 C) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, triangular, relatively wide, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 longer than somite 3 so that somites 1, 2 leave small, often triangular portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. 12 D; Guinot 1990: fig. 24; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 12 G). G 1 (Zarenkov 1972: fig. 6 - 5; Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. F; Guinot 1990: figs 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 12 D, H) long, stout, sinuous, proximally broadened, nearly triangular in overall shape, truncated tip. G 2 (Zarenkov 1972: fig. 6 - 5; Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. G; Guinot 1990: figs 46, 49, 51, 54) slender, slightly longer than G 1, flagellum slightly shorter than basal part, with basal spinules, slightly-expanded tip. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, long, soft; narrow, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen (Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 12 E) with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson subovate. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3 so that somites 1, 2 leave small, often triangular portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females (Fig. 47) on margin of suture 5 / 6 posterior to large, oval depression on thoracic sternite 5; small, hook-like vulvar cover on posterior margin of vulva.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0325E7FD61FF31FD80FE10.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Alcock (1899: 73) commented on the close similarities between Psopheticus and Carcinoplax H. Milne Edwards, 1852, adding that the genus should “ perhaps ought rather to be regarded as a subgenus of Carcinoplax ”. Serène (1968: 90) included Psopheticus in a list of genera questionably included in the subfamily Carcinoplacinae. Guinot (1990) revised Psopheticus and recognized seven species, including four new ones. Števčić (2005) placed Psopheticus sensu lato in the tribe Psopheticini independent from the tribe Carcinoplacini of the subfamily Carcinoplacinae. Psopheticus sensu lato actually consists of two groups of different species as far as the reproductive structures are concerned. A new genus, Exopheticus n. gen., is erected herein to include one of the two groups. Species of Psopheticus possess a conspicuous soundmaking, or stridulating, mechanism that consists of a pterygostomial crest on inflated subocular and subhepatic regions that rubs against a large tooth on the distal margin of the P 1 merus (see Alcock 1900: 309; Guinot 1990: 364, figs 55 - 57; Guinot- Dumortier & Dumortier 1960). The mechanism is found in both sexes and its function remains unknown.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0325E7FD61FF31FD80FE10.taxon	description	— Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) carpi or propodi (or both carpi and propodi) with teeth ..... 3 2. Outer orbital and anterolateral teeth triangular, foliaceous, straight; western Pacific Ocean in distribution ............................................................................................... P. musicus — Outer orbital teeth typically slender and oriented outwardly; anterolateral teeth typically slender; western Indian Ocean in distribution .............................................. P. crosnieri 3. P 3 - P 5 propodi smooth to the naked eye ..................................................... P. stridulans — P 3 - P 5 propodi serrated, with small, clearly demarcated teeth .......................... P. vocans Psopheticus stridulans Wood-Mason, 1892 (Fig. 47)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0325E7FD61FF31FD80FE10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Psopheticus stridulans Wood-Mason, 1892: 344 - 402 m, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ syntypes, unknown deposit (Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata [Calcutta]?); ♀ topotype, cl 13.8 mm, cw 19.2 mm (BMNH 1899.1.20.13) (see Guinot 1990: 337).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0325E7FD61FF31FD80FE10.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Psopheticus stridulans: Andaman Sea, 677 - 785 m. Psopheticus insolitus: Indonesia, Makassar Strait, CORIN- DON 2, stn CH 211, 313 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Andaman Sea. Indian Museum leg., 677 - 767 m, 1 ♀ (BMNH 99.1.20.13). Indonesia. Makassar Strait, CORINDON 2, stn CH 211, 00 ° 12.8 ’ S, 117 ° 53.7 ’ E, 313 m, 31. X. 1980, ♀ holotype of Psopheticus insolitus (MNHN-B 12630). Lombok, Siboga Expedition, stn 38, 07 ° 35.4 ’ S, 117 ° 28.6 ’ E, 521 m, 1. IV. 1899, 1 ♂ (ZMA De 240141). Tanimbar Is, KARUBAR, stn CP 35, 06 ° 08 ’ S, 132 ° 45 ’ E, 390 - 502 m, 27. X. 1991, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29175). — Stn CC 40, 07 ° 46 ’ S, 132 ° 31 ’ E, 443 - 468 m, 28. X. 1991, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29170). — Stn CP 69, 08 ° 42 ’ S, 131 ° 53 ’ E, 356 - 368 m, 2. XI. 1991, 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29168). — Stn CP 70, 08 ° 41 ’ S, 131 ° 47 ’ E, 413 - 410 m, 2. XI. 1991, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29167). — Stn CP 71, 08 ° 38 ’ S, 131 ° 44 ’ E, 477 - 480 m, 2. XI. 1991, 1 pre- adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29173). — Stn CP 77, 08 ° 57 ’ S, 131 ° 27 ’ E, 352 - 346 m, 3. XI. 1991, 3 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29169); 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 30057). — Stn CP 78, 09 ° 06 ’ S, 131 ° 24 ’ E, 295 - 284 m, 3. XI. 1991, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29176). — Stn CP 83, 09 ° 23 ’ S, 131 ° 00 ’ E, 285 - 297 m, 4. XI. 1991, 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29174). Chesterfield Islands. CORAIL 2, stn DE 15, 20 ° 50.72 ’ S, 160 ° 55.76 ’ E, 590 - 580 m, 21. VII. 1988, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29181). New Caledonia. BATHUS 4, stn CP 910, 18 ° 59.32 ’ S, 163 ° 08.47 ’ E, 560 - 608 m, 5. VIII. 1994, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29189). DISTRIBUTION. — Andaman Sea (Alcock 1900; Doflein 1904) and Indonesia (Makassar Strait, Lombok, Tanimbar Is; Tesch 1918; Guinot 1990, as P. insolitus) and now from Chesterfield Is and New Caledonia. Depth: 284 - 785 m. Also collected from a station at a depth of 720 - 900 m (Tesch 1918: 161). REMARKS The relatively large number of specimens of P. stridulans examined has permitted the study of individual variation. Guinot (1990) used the presence of a single dorsal, subdistal tooth in each P 2 merus as a diagnostic character of the species. Nevertheless, one of the three topotype specimens, a female, was shown to actually have two teeth, the second being small and almost median (Guinot 1990: fig. 4). There is a great deal of variation in the ornamentation of the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5). Most specimens had one dorsal, subdistal tooth on each P 2 meri but there were some exceptions. A pre-adult female from Indonesia (cl 8.1 mm, cw 10.2 mm, MNHN-B 29173) had three teeth on the right leg and two (plus a short one) on the left leg. The carpus of the right P 5 showed one tooth while that of the left P 5 had one tooth and five short ones, which may categorize it as “ spinulose, ” another diagnostic character of the species. Another exception was a large male also from Indonesia (cl 24.8 mm, cw 31.7 mm, MNHN-B 29175) with three teeth on each P 2 merus. One small male from the same station (cl 11.8 mm, cw 15.0 mm, MNHN-B 29175) had two teeth on each P 2 merus while a small female (cl 10.9 mm, cw 14.5 mm, MNHN-B 29175) had one tooth on the right merus but two on the left one. Two females (cl 23.8 mm, cw 29.2 mm, cl 23.8 mm, cw 29.8 mm; MNHN-B 29168) had three dorsal teeth on each P 2 merus. Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) The P 3 - P 5 carpi typically showed two teeth. In several small specimens (male, cl 16.1 mm, cw 19.9 mm, MNHN-B 29170), however, the P 4 carpi showed one large tooth and several smaller ones. Two females (cl 23.8 mm, cw 29.2 mm, cl 23.8 mm, cw 29.8 mm; MNHN-B 29168) showed the same ambulatory leg ornamentation, three dorsal teeth on P 2, as P. insolitus Guinot, 1990, from Indonesia, which was described from only one female specimen from Indonesia. All of the specimens with exceptions described above showed the acute, slender anterolateral teeth and the broad, triangular outer orbital teeth that characterize the species. Psopheticus insolitus was described as a separate species because of its unusual ambulatory leg ornamentation, a situation that has also been found in specimens of P. stridulans. The anterolateral teeth of the holotype of P. insolitus, however, are unusually blunt (Guinot 1990: fig. 40) in contrast to the acuminate ones of P. stridulans. Since the shapes of the outer orbital and anterolateral teeth are seemingly more stable characters than the ornamentation of the ambulatory legs, the morphology of the single specimen of P. insolitus is still puzzling. It is felt, however, that there are no clear, valid reasons to consider it a member of a separate species. As pointed out by Guinot (1990: 337), specimens from Japan (Sakai 1955: 108, fig. 2; 1976: 530, pl. 193, fig. 3) and the South China Sea (Zarenkov 1972: 231, figs 2, 6 - 5) identified as P. stridulans do not belong to this species but to P. musicus Guinot, 1990, on account of the smooth, unarmed carpi and propodi of the ambulatory legs. A figure given by Sakai (1955: fig. 2), however, does show teeth on the right P 3 - P 4 and the left P 3 but none are shown in another specimen (Sakai 1976: pl. 193, fig. 3). No teeth are shown in illustrations of other specimens from Japan (Ikeda 1998: 138, pl. 58) and Taiwan (Hsueh & Huang 2002: figs 8 E, 12). The presence of P. musicus in Japan and Taiwan has now been confirmed (see below) but not that of P. stridulans. The vulva of mature females (Fig. 47) has a small, hook-like vulvar cover on its posterior margin.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0725E7FF00FDFDFB49FC14.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Madagascar, trawling 46, ♂ holotype, cl 24.7 mm, cw 34.5 mm (MNHN-B 10344); 3 ♂♂ paratypes (cl 22.4 mm, cw 29.3 mm; cl 20.7 mm, cw 28.5 mm; cl 20.0 mm, cw 27.8 mm), ♀ paratype, cl 10.8 mm (MNHN-B 10345). TYPE LOCALITY. — Madagascar, off northwestern coast, trawling 46, 15 ° 19.1 ’ S, 46 ° 11.8 ’ E, 400 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Trawling 46, 15 ° 19.1 ’ S, 46 ° 11.8 ’ E, 400 m, A. Crosnier coll., 7. XI. 1972, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 10344); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ paratypes (MNHN-B 10345). La Réunion. MD 32, stn CP 60, 21 ° 03.3 ’ S, 55 ° 09.5 ’ E, 460 - 490 m, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 10527). — Stn CP 130, 20 ° 51.2 ’ S, 55 ° 36.8 ’ E, 380 - 300 m, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10528). — Stn DS 178, 21 ° 03.6 ’ S, 55 ° 09.8 ’ E, 412 - 460 m, 1 pre-adult (MNHN-B 10529). — Stn CP 181, 20 ° 57.5 ’ S, 55 ° 14.2 ’ E, 300 - 410 m, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 10530). DISTRIBUTION. — Southwestern Indian Ocean: Comoro Is (Guinot 1969 b, as “? P. stridulans ”), Madagascar (Guinot 1969 b, as “? P. stridulans ”; Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b, P. aff. stridulans; Guinot 1990, as P. crosnieri), and la Réunion (Guinot 1990, as P. aff. stridulans). Depth: 300 - 510 m. REMARKS Psopheticus crosnieri is closest to P. musicus. The outer orbital teeth of P. crosnieri are oriented outwardly and are typically much more slender and spiniform, and the anterolateral teeth similarly more slender (Guinot 1990: figs 29, 31, 33) than in P. musicus (Guinot 1990: figs 35, 37, 38). These characters, however, may vary among some specimens (see below). Another difference is that the P 3 - P 5 carpi are feebly serrulated (but not to the naked eye) in P. crosnieri but smooth in P. musicus. Differences in the shape of the third maxilliped merus mentioned by Guinot in her key (Guinot 1990: 334) were found to be unsubstantiated. Six specimens from la Réunion, southwestern Indian Ocean, identified as Psopheticus aff. stridulans by Guinot (1990) should be placed under P. crosnieri on account of their slender outer orbital and anterolateral teeth (Guinot 1990: fig. 2), even if the P 3 - P 5 carpi may be armed with one or two teeth (none or one in P 3, one or two in each P 4 and P 5; Guinot 1990: figs 7 - 9) but unarmed in P. crosnieri. The shape of the teeth on the carapace of Psopheticus is a much more stable character (even though not absolute, see Remarks for P. musicus below) than the ornamentation of the ambulatory legs, which may vary widely (see Remarks for P. stridulans above).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0725E4FD49FBE6FBE0FB37.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — MUSORSTOM 3, stn CP 125, ♂ holotype, cl 23.2 mm, cw 31.1 mm (MNHN-B 16582); 2 ♀♀ paratypes (cl 22.7 mm, cw 28.5 mm; cl 15.2 mm, cw 20.2 mm) (MNHN-B 16583). TYPE LOCALITY. — Philippine Islands, Mindoro Strait, 11 ° 57.7 ’ N, 121 ° 28.5 ’ E, 388 - 404 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Japan. Honshu, Suruga Bay, Izu Peninsula, off Toi, stn C- 010, 34 ° 54.5 ’ N, 138 ° 44.2 ’ E, 450 - 500 m, 21. III. 2001, T. Komai coll., 1 ♂ (CBM-ZC 6276). — Tosa Bay, K. Sakai coll., T. Sakai leg., IV. 1961, 1 ♂ (BMNH 1961.6.5.84). Taiwan. TAIWAN 2000, stn CP 11, 22 ° 18.6 ’ N, 119 ° 14.8 ’ E, 262 m, 28. VII. 2000, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29679). — Stn CP 49, 22 ° 55.2 ’ N, 121 ° 21.5 ’ E, 266 m, 2. VIII. 2000, 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29670). TAIWAN 2001, stn CP 77, 24 ° 54.2 ’ N, 122 ° 02.5 ’ E, 360 - 400 m, 7. V. 2001, 2 ♂♂ (MMBA). — Stn CP 90, 24 ° 53.6 ’ N, 122 ° 01.4 ’ E, 300 - 330 m, 10. V. 2001, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29682). — Stn CP 95, 24 ° 55.8 ’ N, 122 ° 05.7 ’ E, 269 - 360 m, 18. V. 2001, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN- B 29662). — Stn CP 102, 24 ° 48.4 ’ N, 122 ° 08.0 ’ E, 326 - 331 m, 19. V. 2001, 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29667). — Stn CP 103, 24 ° 48.8 ’ N, 122 ° 06.0 ’ E, 367 - 424 m, 19. V. 2001, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29684). — Stn CP 108, 24 ° 48.2 ’ N, 122 ° 07.7 ’ E, 295 - 337 m, 20. V. 2001, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29674). — Stn CP 109, 24 ° 48.3 ’ N, 122 ° 84.0 ’ E, 246 - 256 m, 20. V. 2001, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29677). TAIWAN 2002, stn CP 160, 22 ° 13.0 ’ N, 120 ° 28.8 ’ E, 300 m, 24. V. 2002, 1 pre-adult ♀ (MNHN-B 29673). — Stn CP 161, 22 ° 09.6 ’ N, 120 ° 35.5 ’ E, 302 m, 25. V. 2002, 2 ♂♂, 1 pre-adult ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29666). — Stn CP 162, 22 ° 06.6 ’ N, 120 ° 37.9 ’ E, 190 - 200 m, 25. V. 2002, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29683). Kaohsiung, Tungkang fishing port, K. Lim & H. H. Tan coll., 23. XI. 2001, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2001.0248). Philippine Islands. Mindoro Strait, MUSORSTOM 3, stn CP 125, 11 ° 57 ’ N, 121 ° 28 ’ E, 388 - 404 m, 4. VI. 1985, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 16582), 2 ♀♀ paratypes (MNHN-B 16583). Bohol, Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 200 - 300 m, XII. 2000, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC 2001.0367); 50 - 500 m, 28. XI. 2001, 2 ♂♂ (ZRC 2001.0542); 25 - 30. VII. 2003, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0754). — XI. 2003, 3 ♂♂ (ZRC 2004.0791); XII. 2003, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0792); I. 2004, 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0793); II. 2004, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0794); 6 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (ZRC 2004.0795); 3.2004, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29733); 29. V. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0796). — Panglao I., Maribohoc Bay, tangle nets of local fishermen, 100 - 300 m, T. J. Arbasto coll., 11. VIII. 2003 - 4. IV. 2004, 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2004.0797). — No data, 3 ♂♂ (ZRC 2004.0715). PANGLAO 2004, stn P 5, Pamilacan I., 09 ° 30.0 ’ N, 123 ° 54.6 ’ E, 100 m, tangle nets of local fishermen, 1. VI. 2004, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2004.0798). PANGLAO 2005, stn CP 2331, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 39.2 ’ N, 123 ° 47.5 ’ E, 255 - 268 m, 22. V. 2005, 1 preadult ♂ (ZRC 2006.0196). — Stn CP 2332, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 38.8 ’ N, 123 ° 45.9 ’ E, 396 - 418 m, 22. V. 2005, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0212). — Stn CP 2349, off Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 31.6 ’ N, 123 ° 55.7 ’ E, 219 - 240 m, 24. V. 2005, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0188). — Stn CP 2360, Bohol / Sulu seas sill, 08 ° 48.9 ’ N, 123 ° 37.6 ’ E, 357 - 372 m, 26. V. 2005, 2 ♀♀ (ZRC 2006.0186). — Stn 2393, off Balicasag I., 09 ° 30.1 ’ N, 123 ° 41.6 ’ E, 356 - 396 m, 30. V. 2005, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0191). — Stn CP 2395, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 36.2 ’ N, 123 ° 43.8 ’ E, 382 - 434 m, 31. V. 2005, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0200). — Stn CP 2405, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 39.0 ’ N, 123 ° 46.1 ’ E, 387 - 453 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♂ (ZRC 2006.0198). — Stn CP 2407, Maribohoc Bay, 09 ° 41.3 ’ N, 123 ° 48.5 ’ E, 256 - 268 m, 1. VI. 2005, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2006.0204). DISTRIBUTION. — Western Pacific Ocean: Japan (see Sakai 1976, as P. stridulans), Taiwan (Hsueh & Huang 2002, as P. stridulans), Vietnam (Zarenkov 1972, as P. stridulans), and the Philippine Is (Guinot 1990). Depth: 190 - 521 m. Sakai (1976) reports it (as P. stridulans), from depths of 75 - 150 m and Zarenkov (1972: 231) lists it (as P. stridulans) at a questionable depth of 925 m. Specimens were also obtained from tangle nets of local fishermen in the Philippines that obtained material from at least an estimated depth of 50 m. REMARKS Diagnostic of P. musicus are smooth, unarmed P 3 - P 5 carpi and propodi as observed with the naked eye. In most specimens the outer orbital teeth are triangular, foliaceous, and straight, and the anterolateral teeth are relatively short and triangular, not conspicuously slender (Guinot 1990: figs 35, 37, 38). The shape and relative size of the outer orbital and anterolateral teeth, however, may vary as in other species of Psopheticus. Two of the characters used by Guinot (1990) to separate P. musicus from P. crosnieri, which is known only from Madagascar and la Réunion (outer orbital tooth that is oriented outwardly, anterolateral tooth that is slender, or spiniform, in P. crosnieri) were observed in a few of the specimens collected in Bohol, Philippine Is.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0425EAFD42FAC5FDD7FB57.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — New Caledonia, ♂ holotype, cl 24.8 mm, cw 31.6 mm (MNHN-B 6805); ♀ paratype, cl 12.6 mm, cw 16.1 mm, same data as holotype (MNHN-B 10531) (paratype indicated, together with holotype, in the specimen bottle but not in the published description [Guinot 1990] or in an earlier listing of the material [Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b]). TYPE LOCALITY. — New Caledonia, Boulari Pass, 400 m. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8, stn 1083, 15 ° 51.91 ’ S, 167 ° 19.42 ’ E, 397 - 439 m, 5. X. 1994, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29280). BOA 1, stn CP 2479, 16 ° 45.00 ’ S, 167 ° 51.80 ’ E, 350 - 358 m, 15. IX. 2005, 1 pre-adult ♂, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 30094).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0425EAFD42FAC5FDD7FB57.taxon	description	Chesterfield Islands. EBISCO, stn DW 2546, 21 ° 06 ’ S, 158 ° 37 ’ E, 488 - 493 m, 11. X. 2005, 1 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 30119). — Stn DW 2548, 21 ° 06 ’ S, 158 ° 35 ’ E, 604 - 632 m, 11. X. 2005, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 30123).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0425EAFD42FAC5FDD7FB57.taxon	materials_examined	New Caledonia. Passe de Boulari, trap, 400 m, ♂ holotype (MNHN-B 6805), ♀ paratype (MNHN-B 10531). Passe de Poum, 400 m, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29178). LAGON, stn CP 1062, 20 ° 14.9 ’ S, 163 ° 53.0 ’ E, 300 - 320 m, 5. V. 1988, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29198). BATHUS 1, stn DW 664, 20 ° 57.34 ’ S, 165 ° 36.70 ’ E, 650 - 700 m, 13. III. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29343). BATHUS 2, stn CP 738, 23 ° 02.1 ’ S, 166 ° 56.6 ’ E, 558 - 647 m, 13. V. 1993, 1 ♀ (MNHN-B 29281). — Stn CP 770, 22 ° 09 ’ S, 166 ° 04 ’ E, 400 - 402 m, 18. V. 1993, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29206). HALIPRO 1, stn CP 868, 21 ° 14.539 ’ S, 165 ° 55.847 ’ E, 430 - 450 m, 23. III. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29322). — Stn CP 869, 21 ° 14.84 ’ S, 165 ° 55.49 ’ E, 450 - 490 m, 23. III. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29182). BATHUS 4, stn DW 888, 21 ° 00.84 ’ S, 164 ° 27.28 ’ E, 430 - 436 m, 2. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29209). — Stn CP 889, 21 ° 00.83 ’ S, 164 ° 27.34 ’ E, 416 - 433 m, 2. VIII. 1994, 1 pre-adult ♀, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29190); 1 ♂ (MNHN- B 29210). — Stn CP 899, 20 ° 16.68 ’ S, 163 ° 50.26 ’ E, 500 - 600 m, 3. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29187); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29208). — Stn CP 900, 20 ° 16.74 ’ S, 163 ° 50.06 ’ E, 580 m, 3. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29180); 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29207); 5 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29183). — Stn CP 946, 20 ° 33.81 ’ S, 164 ° 58.35 ’ E, 386 - 430 m, 10. VIII. 1994, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29179). Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10, stn CP 1317, 17 ° 12.0 ’ S, 178 ° 14.1 ’ E, 471 - 475 m, 6. VIII. 1998, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29255). — Stn CP 1327, 17 ° 13.3 ’ S, 177 ° 51.6 ’ E, 370 - 389 m, 7. VIII. 1998, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29254). BORDAU 1, stn CP 1411, 16 ° 05 ’ S, 179 ° 28 ’ W, 390 - 403 m, 26. II. 1999, 2 ♀♀ (MNHN-B 29202). — Stn CP 1493, 18 ° 43 ’ S, 178 ° 24 ’ W, 429 - 440 m, 11. III. 1999, 1 ♂ (MNHN-B 29201). — Stn CP 1500, 18 ° 42 ’ S, 178 ° 26 ’ W, 366 - 389 m, 12. III. 1999, 1 ovig. ♀ (MNHN-B 29177). — Stn CP 1505, 18 ° 12 ’ S, 178 ° 37 ’ W, 420 - 450 m, 13. III. 1999, 2 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29199). Tonga. BORDAU 2, stn CP 1528, 21 ° 14 ’ S, 174 ° 59 ’ W, 587 - 592 m, 3. VI. 2000, 3 ♂♂ (MNHN-B 29256). DISTRIBUTION. — New Caledonia (Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b) and now Vanuatu, Chesterfield Is, Fiji, and Tonga. Depth: 300 - 700 m. COLOUR Photographs of a freshly collected male specimen from New Caledonia (MNHN-B 29322) and a female from Fiji (MNHN-B 29202) showed a light orange anterior half of the carapace divided from the white posterior half by two thin bands, one dark orange and the second white. The ambulatory legs were pinkish white. This colour pattern is similar to that given by Ikeda (1998: 138, pl. 58, as P. stridulans) for P. musicus. REMARKS Diagnostic to the species is the presence of small teeth along the P 3 - P 5 carpi and propodi (Guinot 1990: figs 26 - 28), in contrast to a close species, P. stridulans, where the teeth are absent in the propodi, at least to the naked eye (Guinot 1990: figs 4 - 6). Other than the ornamentation of the ambulatory legs, the characters given by Guinot (1990: 348) to separate both species are not always consistent. The triangular outer orbital teeth and the relatively short and triangular anterolateral teeth of P. vocans are also characteristic of P. musicus. In contrast to P. musicus, however, the P 3 - P 5 carpi and propodi of P. vocans are always dentate, at least one member of a particular pair of legs. As in other species of Psopheticus, there is much variation in the ornamentation and on the development of teeth on the ambulatory legs. Some of the observed variation was between the right and left members of the same pair of ambulatory legs. A male (cl 22.6 mm, cw 28.4 mm, MNHN-B 29179) had a smooth P 2 right merus (the characteristic dorsal, subdistal tooth on the left P 2) and a relatively smooth (almost microscopic teeth) P 3 right propodus, but there were well developed teeth on the left P 3. Three of nine specimens from Fiji (female, cl 20.6 mm, cw 27.6 mm, MNHN-B 29202; male, cw 25.3 mm, MNHN-B 29199; ovig. female, cl 20.3 mm, cw 25.0 mm, MNHN-B 29177) had two dorsal teeth on the P 2 merus instead of one. Each of the P 2 carpi of these specimens had a tooth that was smaller than in the typical specimens. The ornamentation of P 3 - P 5 in these three specimens was similar to the remaining specimens except that the teeth on the propodi were smaller. The P 3 - P 5 carpi of the three males from Tonga (cl 17.9 mm, cw 23.5 mm, cl 12.7 mm, cw 17.2 mm, cl 12.4 mm, cw 16.8 mm; MNHN-B 29256), however, had one well developed tooth and many small teeth. There were no important differences in the shape and ornamentation of P 1 and P 2, carapace, G 1, G 2, and the relative length of the ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) between the Fiji and Tonga specimens on one hand and those of P. vocans from New Caledonia, including the holotype (MNHN-B 6805) and paratype (MNHN-B 10531). The P 3 - P 5 meri of the Tonga specimens are similar to those of P. insolitus Guinot, 1990 (= P. stridulans Wood-Mason, 1892), which was described from one specimen from Makassar Strait, Indonesia, and of a small female from New Caledonia (cl 10.4 mm, cw 14.2 mm; MNHN-B 29281) in having one well developed tooth and many small ones. The P 2 merus, however, had three teeth in P. insolitus instead of the single tooth in P. vocans and the Tonga and New Caledonia specimens. It thus seems that the observed variations in the Fiji and Tonga specimens are part of the normal morphological variation of P. vocans. These specimens are treated here as members of populations of what appears to be the extreme eastern limit of the distribution of P. vocans rather than as a different species.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0A25E8FF4EFB27FCBDFC74.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Psopheticus hughi (Rathbun, 1914) (by present designation; gender masculine).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0A25E8FF4EFB27FCBDFC74.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Carapace (Fig. 48 A; Guinot 1990: figs 10 - 12, as Psopheticus insignis; fig. 17, as P. hughi; Chen 1998: fig. 7 - 1, as P. insignis) subcircular; front straight, often slightly concave, not marked by median notch or projection. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border absent (distinct in small specimens); orbits wide distally to accommodate eyes; eyes reniform, dorso-ventrally flattened, cornea greatly expanded distally, nearly divided into anterior, posterior portions. Supraorbital borders conspicuously sinuous; suborbital borders rounded, with short, blunt inner tooth (absent in small specimens) not visible dorsally; anterolateral borders arched so that fronto-orbital border is narrower than maximum width of carapace at junction of anterolateral, posterolateral borders. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, slightly convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital teeth strongly projecting, flattened, triangular; anterolateral tooth on each side of carapace (obsolete in large E. insignis n. comb.). Basal antennal article short, slender, distalmost (third) article reaches front. Eye peduncles (Fig. 48 A; Guinot 1990: figs 10 - 12, as P. insignis; fig. 17, as P. hughi; Chen 1998: fig. 7 - 1, as P. insignis) relatively short to moderately long (0.2 - 0.5 front width; Fig. 48 A; Guinot 1990: figs 10 - 12, as P. insignis; fig. 17, as P. hughi; Chen 1998: fig. 7 - 1, as P. insignis), shorter than front; eyes reniform, dorso-ventrally flattened, cornea greatly expanded distally. Anterior border of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, ridges faint but clearly defined. Third maxillipeds completely close the buccal cavern. Stridulating mechanism of subocular, elliptical pterygostomial crest rubbing against proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete (Figs 49; 50; Guinot 1990: fig. 16, as P. insignis). Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Guinot 1990: figs 10 - 12, as P. insignis, figs 17, 18, as P. hughi; Chen 1998: fig. 7 - 2, as P. insignis) slender, shorter than propodus, dark in colour (light colour in E. hughi n. comb.); carpus with tooth on inner margin; merus becomes greatly elongated with size (Guinot 1990: figs 11, 12) in E. insignis n. comb. Dorsal margin of merus of P 2 (Guinot 1990: fig. 17, as P. hughi) with subdistal tooth (may be obsolete in E. insignis n. comb.); dorsal margins of meri of P 3 - P 5 (Guinot 1990: figs 10 - 12, as P. insignis, fig. 17, as P. hughi) with subdistal tooth (may be obsolete in large specimens); dorsal margins of carpi, propodi of ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) smooth; dactyli slender, smooth (carinated in small specimens), setose. Male abdomen (Fig. 48 B; Chen 1998: fig. 7 - 5, as P. insignis; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 13 H, as P. hughi, fig. 14 E, as P. insignis) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, relatively wide, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in length from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson wider than long. Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae; somite 2 much longer than somite 3 so that somites 1, 2 leave large, subquadrate to rectangular portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible in E. insignis n. comb. (Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 14 C, as P. insignis; small triangular portion in E. hughi n. comb.); somite 1 mostly covered by carapace. G 1 (Fig. 48 C; Guinot 1990: figs 13, 14; Chen 1998: fig. 7 - 6, as P. insignis; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 13 D, as P. hughi, fig. 14 F, as P. insignis) long, slender, sinuous, only slightly broadened proximally, truncated tip. G 2 (Fig. 48 D; Guinot 1990: fig. 15; Chen 1998: fig. 7 - 7, as P. insignis) slender, nearly equal or slightly longer than G 1, flagellum slightly shorter than basal part, with basal spinules, slightly-expanded tip. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, long, soft; wide, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson subovate (Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 13 I, as P. insignis). Somite 3 covers space between P 5 coxae, somites 1, 2 slightly narrower than or as wide as somite 3, only small portion or no portion at all of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females (Figs 49; 50) round, extending to sutures 5 / 6 and 6 / 7 of thoracic sternite 6, covered by soft membrane; vulvar cover absent.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0A25E8FF4EFB27FCBDFC74.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0A25E8FF4EFB27FCBDFC74.taxon	description	In contrast to Psopheticus, Exopheticus n. gen. shares with Carcinoplax the structure of its G 1, G 2, and vulva. Exopheticus n. gen. is nevertheless distinguished from Carcinoplax in that its thoracic suture 6 / 7 is complete (interrupted medially in Carcinoplax), the first and second somites of the male abdomen leave a large subquadrate portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible (only a small portion of the thoracic sternite is visible in Carcinoplax), the orbits are wide distally to accommodate the reniform eyes (orbits not expanded and the cornea of the eyes are rounded in Carcinoplax), the supraorbital borders are sinuous (only slightly curved in Carcinoplax), there is an obvious, specialized stridulating mechanism (absent in Carcinoplax), and the dorsal margin of the carpi and propodi of the P 3 - P 5 have a subdistal tooth (absent in Carcinoplax, except C. spinosissima Rathbun, 1914).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0C25F2FC99FE7FFC67F97B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Ommatocarcinus huttoni Filhol, 1885 (by monotypy, gender masculine). SPECIES INCLUDED. — Neommatocarcinus huttoni (Filhol, 1885). The genus is far known only from temperate waters in New Zealand.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0C25F2FC99FE7FFC67F97B.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace (Fig. 51; Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: pl. 2, fig. A; McLay 1988: fig. 58 a) transversely rectangular, much wider than long, widest at conspicuous outer orbital teeth; front narrow, deflected ventrally, slight median projection (Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: fig. 5 a). Dorsal surface of carapace granular, convex, without clear indication of regions. Anterolateral teeth absent. Wide notch between frontal margin, inner edge of supraorbital border. Orbits wide, greatly expanded distally, fissure absent. Eye peduncle (Fig. 51; Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: pl. 2, fig. A; McLay 1988: fig. 58) long, much longer than front (1.4 - 1.6 front width), eyes beyond outer orbital tooth; cornea elongated, spherical distal margin, not reniform. Supraorbital borders convex, slight subproximal lobe; suborbital borders sinuous, with large, keel-like inner tooth; lateral borders convex; anterolateral tooth absent. Basal antennal article short, subcylindrical, distalmost (third) article reaches front, lying freely in orbital hiatus, not reaching front. Antennules not separated by septum. Buccal cavern narrow anteriorly, strongly crested. No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Prolongation of male episternite 7 present; thoracic sternite 7 laterally covered with thoracic sternite 8; thoracic sternite 8 without supplementary plate. Chelipeds (Fig. 51; Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: fig. 5 b; McLay 1988: fig. 58) larger in males; fingers long, slender, slightly curved, light in colour, shorter than elongated propodus; carpus with broad tooth on inner (ventral) margin, acute tooth on outer (dorsal) margin; merus with 3 or 4 long, acute teeth on distal, outer (dorsal) margin (short, obtuse in large specimens); short, acute tooth on each median portion of inner (ventral), outer (dorsal) margins. Ambulatory legs (P 2 - P 5) (Fig. 51) compressed, dorsal margins of meri with acute distal tooth (obsolete in large individuals), row of tubercles increasing in size distally, sometimes acute; dactyli slender, dorso-ventrally flattened, with slight carina on each side, setose. Male abdomen (Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: fig. 6 a) narrowly triangular, narrower than sternum, somites 3 - 5 being narrower than thoracic sternite 7; with 4 freely-movable somites (somites 3 - 5 fused) plus telson, shallow carina along widest, proximal portion of fused somites 3 - 5. Telson slightly wider than long, rounded anterior margin. Posterior border of somites 3 - 5 (carinated portion) covers space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 much narrower than somites 3 - 5 so that somites 1, 2 leave large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible (Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: fig. 6 a). Locking mechanism with medium-size vulvar cover on edge of thoracic sternite 5, shallow socket on underside (ventral surface) of abdominal somite 6. Male opening coxal. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, sclerified portion between thoracic somites 7, 8 before soft portion (Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: fig. 6 b). G 1 (Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: fig. 5 d) long, slender, thin, nearly straight, only slightly broadened proximally; pointed, thin tip. G 2 slender, longer than G 1, flagellum shorter than proximal part (peduncle); curved, pointed tip. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, wide. Telson much wider than long. Somite 2 covers most space between P 5 coxae, somite 2 narrower than somite 3 but somites 1, 2 leave relatively large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva of mature females ovoid, on large, sclerified prominence extending from deflected 5 / 6 suture to close to 6 / 7 suture, covered by soft membrane, vulvar cover absent.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0C25F2FC99FE7FFC67F97B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Takeda & Miyake (1969 b) separated Ommatocarcinus huttoni (Filhol, 1885) from the other known species of Ommatocarcinus by creating a new genus, Neommatocarcinus, on account of several unique characters. The male abdomen has only four somites plus telson, somites 3 - 5 being fused. This is unique among members of the family Goneplacidae, although somites 3 - 5 are distinct but immovable in the family Mathildellidae of the superfamily Goneplacoidea. Another unique character for a goneplacid is the absence of the antennular septum. The vulva is also distinct, being surrounded by a sclerified, elevated prominence, a structure that has never been described in other goneplacids. In contrast to other goneplacines, the penis has a sclerified proximal portion that is externally visible (see Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: fig. 6 a, b). Although the male genital opening of the Euryplacidae has been described as sternal (Davie 2002), it is coxo-sternal, with the penis located in a groove or “ canal ” formed by the concave thoracic sternite 8. The flagellum of the G 2 is long and with a distinctively curved, nearly coiled, tip, a character that is also observed in a goneplacine, Goneplacoides marivenae (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig. 3 e, as Goneplax marivenae, fig. 6 e, as Goneplax megalops). All other morphological characters studied (thoracic sternum, female abdomen, relationship between abdomen and sternum in both sexes, and G 1) are suggestive of strong goneplacine affinities. Neommatocarcinus is thus kept in the subfamily Goneplacinae rather than placing it in a new subfamily. Neommatocarcinus huttoni (Filhol, 1885) (Fig. 51)	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0C25F2FC99FE7FFC67F97B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Dry ♀ holotype, cl 15.4 mm, cw 34.0 mm (MNHN-B 4608). TYPE LOCALITY. — New Zealand, South Island, Otago Harbour. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Zealand. Tangaroa, stn 5364, 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (NIWA). Revision of Goneplacinae (Crustacea, Brachyura) Otago Harbour, 1 dry ♀ holotype, cl 15.4 mm, cw 34.0 mm (MNHN-B 4608). Queen Charlotte Sound, near Long I., Challenger, stn 167 A, 18 m, 1 ♂, cl 6.7 mm, cw 15.5 mm, 2 ovig. ♀♀ (cl 8.9 mm, cw 18.8 mm; cl 10.5 mm, cw 23.1 mm) (BMNH 84.31).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0C25F2FC99FE7FFC67F97B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from New Zealand. Depth: 18 - 260 m; also in a sample taken from 42 - 594 m. COLOUR Takeda & Miyake (1969 b: 178) and McLay (1988: 262) described the dorsal surface of the carapace as “ yellowish vermillion ” with white and purple portions; parts of the ventral surface brick red, and chelipeds and ambulatory legs mostly “ whitish or creamy white ” with brick red, purplish red, yellow, purple, and pale orange portions.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0C25F2FC99FE7FFC67F97B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF0C25F2FC99FE7FFC67F97B.taxon	description	Neommatocarcinus huttoni, which is known by the common name of “ policeman crab ”, lives in sandy bottoms in temperate waters in New Zealand. It makes temporary furrows in the sand, leaving the long eye peduncles protruding from the sediment (McLay 1988: 264).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1325F0FF1EFF31FDFAFE6F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Notonyx nitidus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 (by monotypy, gender masculine). SPECIES INCLUDED. — Notonyx gigacarcinicus Clark & Ng, 2006; N. nitidus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873; N. vitreus Alcock, 1900.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1325F0FF1EFF31FDFAFE6F.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Carapace (Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 16 D, E; Clark & Ng 2006: figs 1, 2, 3 A, 4, 5 A, 7) quadrate, slightly wider than long; widest at rounded anterlolateral angles; front deflected ventrally, with two slight lobes, not marked by median emargination. Notch between front, inner edge of supraorbital border absent; orbits wide, deep, expanded distally (Clark & Ng 2006: figs 2 C, 4 C, 5 B); supraorbital borders with slightly raised median portion, smooth; suborbital borders with slightly raised median portion, inner tooth absent; lateral borders rounded, without tooth. Dorsal surface of carapace smooth, moderately convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle without tooth. Basal antennal article short, distalmost (third) article does not reach front. Eye peduncles (Clark & Ng 2006: figs 2 A, C, 3 A, 4 A, C, 5 A, B, 7) long, much shorter than front (0.3 - 0.4 front width); cornea small, spherical distal margin, not reniform (not conspicuously dorso-ventrally flattened, not clearly divided into anterior, posterior portions). No obvious stridulating mechanism other than possible rubbing of proximal portion of cheliped (P 1) merus against pterygostomial ridge. Thoracic sternum wide. Median sulcus on thoracic sternite 4 absent; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 7 / 8 interrupted medially, 6 / 7 complete. Anterior end of sterno-abdominal cavity anterior to thoracic sternite 4. Cheliped fingers (Clark & Ng 2006: fig. 6) short to relatively slender, slightly curved, shorter than propodus; dactylus without dark portion; inner (ventral) margin of propodus smooth; carpus with or without defined tooth on inner margin; merus short. Dorsal margins of ambulatory leg (P 2 - P 5) meri (Clark & Ng 2006: figs 2, 3 E, 4, 5 G, 7) unarmed; dactyli of ambulatory legs moderately slender, with carina on each side, with scattered setae. Male abdomen (Clark & Ng 2006: figs 3 F, 5 H) with 6 freely-movable somites plus telson, relatively slender, somites 4 - 6 gradually decreasing in width from somite 3 (widest somite). Telson long, longer than wide. Somite 2 narrower than somite 3; somites 2, 3 leave large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. G 1 (Serène & Umali 1972: figs 92, 93; Serène & Soh 1976: figs B, B’; Clark & Ng 2006: figs 3 H, I, 5 J, K) relatively stout; elongated, bifurcated, or hooked tip; spinules on tip. G 2 (Serène & Umali 1972: figs 94, 95; Serène & Soh 1976: figs C, C’; Clark & Ng 2006: figs 3 G, 5 I) slender, longer than G 1, flagellum longer than proximal part (peduncle); tip variously hooked, slightly enlarged tip without terminal spinule. Penis arising from P 5 coxa, moderate size; broad, soft proximal expansion. Female abdomen with 6 freely-movable somites, relatively narrow, with relatively large distal portions of all thoracic sternites visible. Telson wider than long. Somite 2 slightly narrower than somite 3; somites 1, 2 leave large portion of thoracic sternite 8 visible. Vulva relatively large, round, extending from edge of suture 5 / 6 (displaced, slightly arched) to median portion of thoracic sternite 6, vulvar cover absent.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1325F0FF1EFF31FDFAFE6F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1325F0FF1EFF31FDFAFE6F.taxon	description	The genus needs to be revised, a task not undertaken during this investigation. The characters used by Clark & Ng (2006) to differentiate the three known species are not clearly defined and it is clear that there are more species than those listed by them. It is possible therefore that a meticulous revision of the species may prove that Notonyx does not belong to the Goneplacinae but to an independent subfamily within the Goneplacidae.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F0FF1FFA65FC2FFE4F.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — P. Clark & P. K. L. Ng coll., ♂ holotype, cl 12.1 mm, cw 8.7 mm; ♀ paratype cl 13.7 mm, cw 8.9 mm (ZRC 2000.0981). TYPE LOCALITY. — Thailand, Andaman Sea coast, Phuket I.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F0FF1FFA65FC2FFE4F.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F0FF1FFA65FC2FFE4F.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Notonyx gigacarcinus has so far only been collected living deep in coral rubble.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F0FF23FE1CFF08FA98.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — M. Balansa coll., ♀ holotype, cl 9.2 mm, cw 6.6 mm (MNHN-B 10220). TYPE LOCALITY. — New Caledonia. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — New Caledonia. LAGON, stn 322, 22 ° 30 ’ S, 166 ° 58 ’ E, 71 m, 27. XI. 1984, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZRC 2005.0139).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F0FF23FE1CFF08FA98.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Indo-West Pacific region from the Persian Gulf (Alcock 1900) to Fiji (Balss 1938). Depth: 13 - 82 m (Clark & Ng 2006).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F0FF23FE1CFF08FA98.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The variation in the morphology of the G 1 observed by Clark & Ng (2006) among specimens identified as N. nitidus from the Philippine Is, Indonesia, and New Caledonia seems to indicate that they are not conspecific.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F6FCB0FE3FFBBEF97B.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Unknown deposit (Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata [Calcutta]?). TYPE LOCALITY. — India, Andaman Is.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F6FCB0FE3FFBBEF97B.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Indo-West Pacific region from the Red Sea (Balss 1924) to New Guinea (Tesch 1918). Questionably from Japan (Takeda 1989). Depth: 32 - 91 m (Tesch 1918).	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F6FCB0FE3FFBBEF97B.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The identification of Japanese material as N. vitreus by Takeda (1989) is questionable (see Clark & Ng 2006). REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
102B87CBFF1025F6FCB0FE3FFBBEF97B.taxon	description	AND THE TAXONOMY OF THE GONEPLACIDAE This reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae has emphasized the use of the external reproductive structures, both male and female, as taxonomic characters. Although the morphology of the brachyuran male gonopods, particularly the G 1, and the male abdomen have been widely used by taxonomists for some time, practically no attention has been placed on the morphology of the female vulva as a taxonomic character. It is surprising, for instance, that few carcinologists have ever remarked on the conspicuously enlarged vulva of some goneplacids, particularly in Carcinoplax. An exception is Barnard (1950: 287), who included “ Genital openings in adult ♀ very large ” as one of the characters listed in his diagnosis of Carcinoplax. The morphology of the vulva and vagina among several groups of brachyurans was studied by Hartnoll (1968), who described two general arrangements (see also Guinot 1979): those having a vagina consisting of a simple tube with flexible walls and those with a vagina that is concave in cross section and localized muscles in the wall. A sclerified vulvar cover, mobile or immobile and referred to as an operculum, was found present among species belonging to the two groups. The vagina of Goneplax rhomboides, the only goneplacid studied by Hartnoll (1968: 296), was found to be intermediate between the two major groups, concave in outline but with flexible walls without localized muscles. The vulvar cover was absent. The morphology of the external reproductive structures goes beyond being another morphological character of practical use to taxonomists. There seems to be a correlation between the general morphology of the vulva and that of the G 1 among goneplacines. It is speculated that this apparent correlation may be an adaptation to facilitate copulation (see discussion for other groups of brachyurans by Guinot 1979: 248). A large, greatly expanded vulva only protected by a soft membrane appears to be linked to a slender and thin (distinctly dorsoventrally compressed) G 1. This is the case of eight goneplacine genera: Carcinoplax (see Fig. 1 for the vulva; Figs 2 A; 4 C; 6 C; 9 C for the G 1), Entricoplax n. gen. (Fig. 11 for the vulva; Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 5 f, as Carcinoplax vestita, for the G 1), Exopheticus n. gen. (Figs 49; 50 for the vulva; Fig. 48 C for the G 1), Goneplacoides n. gen. (Fig. 29 for the vulva; Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig. 3 c, d, as Goneplax marivenae, for the G 1), Goneplax sensu stricto (Capart 1951: figs 10 - 12, and Guinot 1969 b: fig. 71 a, b; 1989: fig. 46 A, as Carcinoplax barnardi, for the G 1), Hadroplax n. gen. (Serène & Umali 1972: figs 78, 79, as Goneplax sinuatifrons, for the G 1), Ommatocarcinus (Barnard 1950: fig. 53 f, and Dai & Yang 1991: figs 199 - 1, 199 - 2, for the G 1), and Paragoneplax n. gen. (G 1 slender but bent in larger males, Chen 1998: fig. 12 - 6, as Goneplax serenei). The large size of the vulva in these genera, however, remains unexplained. In contrast, a small, not expanded vulva typically covered in part by a vulvar cover and linked with a stout, thick, sometimes bent, often spinous G 1, is characteristic of six genera: Menoplax n. gen. (Fig. 12 for the vulva; Chen 1984: fig. 7 - 4 to 7 - 6 and Guinot 1989: fig. 32 A, as Carcinoplax longispinosa, for the G 1), Neogoneplax n. gen. (Fig. 32 for the vulva; Fig. 33 D and Chen 1998: fig. 11 - 4, as Goneplax renoculis, for the G 1), Notonyx (Clark & Ng 2006: figs 3 H, I, 5 J, K for the G 1), Psopheticus (Fig. 47 for the vulva; Zarenkov 1972: fig. 6 - 5, Guinot & Richer de Forges 1981 b: fig. F, Guinot 1990: figs 44, 47, 50, 52, and Hsueh & Huang 2002: figs 12 D, H, for the G 1), Pycnoplax n. gen. (Figs 14; 15; 18 for the vulva; Fig. 16 C and Zarenkov 1972: fig. 6 - 2, Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: figs 158 - 162, Chen 1984: figs 4 - 5, 4 - 6, Guinot 1989: fig. 30 A, as C. bispinosa; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 73; 1989: fig. 31 A, Chen 1984: figs 3 - 5, 3 - 6, Dai & Yang 1991: fig. 192 - 1, as C. surugensis, for the G 1), and Thyraplax n. gen. (Figs 19, 22 for the vulva; Figs 20 C; 23 D; 25 C for the G 1). Some of the species of Microgoneplax n. gen. and Singhaplax present conditions that deviate from those described above. In Microgoneplax n. gen. the vulva is small, the vulvar cover is present, the G 1 is thick as in the genera listed above (Figs 41 C; 43 B; 44 B), but it is nevertheless thin and slender in one species, M. prion n. sp. (Fig. 45 B). In Singhaplax the vulva is large, the vulvar cover is absent, but the G 1 may be regarded as stout and thick in two of the species (Figs 35 B; 38 B; Serène & Umali 1972: figs 86, 87, as Goneplax ockelmanni Serène & Soh 1976: figs 15 B, B’). In these two genera, however, females are known in only some of the species and the relative thickness of the G 1 is difficult to ascertain due to the small size of the individuals. There are two other notable exceptions among the remaining goneplacine genera. In Neogoneplax costata n. sp. the vulva is small and provided with a vulvar cover (Fig. 32) but the G 1 is clearly slender (Fig. 30 C), in contrast to the other two species of Neogoneplax n. gen., where the G 1 is predictably stout. In Neommatocarcinus huttoni, the G 1 is slender (Takeda & Miyake 1969 b: fig. 5 d) but the vulva, although covered by a soft membrane and lacking a vulvar cover, is bordered by a sclerified prominence. An alternative hypothesis is that the optimal size of the vulva is influenced more by its function as the opening through which eggs are released rather than as the location where the male pleopods deposit the sperm. Egg size, although not quantified among the goneplacines that were studied, does not seem to be noticeably or particularly larger in species with large vulvae than in those with small vulvae. The morphology of the vulvar cover varies widely among carcinoplacines and several patterns may be observed. However, it is never as complex as the hinged operculum of some brachyurans (see Thompson & McLay 2005). The role and significance of the vulvar cover in the reproductive behavior of carcinoplacines remain unknown. The G 2 is similar among practically all goneplacines, being slender and about the same size as the G 1, which was considered a more primitive character by Guinot (1979: 243). Such a long G 2 is known to be involved in the insemination of the vulva in some brachyurans (see Brandis et al. 1999; Guinot & Quenette 2005). The notable exception, a G 2 that is much shorter than the G 1, is found in Menoplax n. gen. (Guinot 1989: fig. 32 A, B, as C. longispinosa), Microgoneplax n. gen. (Figs 41 C, D; 43 B, C; 44 B, C; 45 B, C), and Paragoneplax n. gen. (Chen 1998: figs 12 - 6 to 12 - 9, as Goneplax serenei). There is no apparent correlation between the length of the G 2 and the thickness, ornamentation, or general shape of the G 1. In Carcinoplax (Figs 2 A, B; 4 C, D; 6 C, D; 9 C, D), Entricoplax n. gen. (Takeda & Miyake 1968: fig. 5 f, g, as Carcinoplax vestita), Exopheticus n. gen. (Fig. 48 C, D), Goneplacoides n. gen. (Komatsu & Takeda 2003: fig. 3 c, d, e, as Goneplax marivenae, fig. 6 c-e, as G. megalops), Goneplax sensu stricto (Guinot 1969 b: figs 71 a, b, 72; 1989: fig. 46 A, B, as Carcinoplax barnardi), Hadroplax n. gen. (Serène & Umali 1972: figs 78 - 81, as Goneplax sinuatifrons), and Ommatocarcinus a long G 2 is found together with a G 1 that is thin, straight, and lacking conspicuous spines or teeth, a condition pointed out for Carcinoplax and several non-goneplacid genera by Guinot (1979: 241). The same basic type of long G 2, however, is found in genera with thick, conspicuously spinous G 1 as in Notonyx (Clark & Ng 2006: figs 3 G, 5 I), Psopheticus (Guinot 1990: figs 44 - 54), Pycnoplax n. gen. (Fig. 16 C, D), and Thyraplax n. gen. (Figs 20 C, D; 23 D, E; 25 C, D). A long G 2 is found together with a relatively slender G 1 in Neogoneplax serratipes n. sp. (Fig. 33 D, E) and four species of Singhaplax (Figs 36 B, C; 39 B, C; 40 A, B), but with a thick and spinous G 1 in N. costata n. sp. (Fig. 30 C, D) and three species of Singhaplax (Figs 35 B, C; 38 B, C; Serène & Umali 1972: figs 86 - 88). The goneplacine penis always arises directly from the male opening, which is found in the P 5 coxa. It is uniformly soft but the proximal portion is sclerified in Neommatocarcinus. It was described as proximally sclerified in Ommatocarcinus by Guinot (1979: 219, fig. 54 H) but this could not be verified. Sperm plugs were present on the vulvae of specimens of Pycnoplax bispinosa n. comb. (Fig. 15), P. victoriensis n. comb. (Fig. 18), and Psopheticus stridulans (Fig. 47). They have also been reported in Entricoplax vestita n. comb. (Doi & Watanabe 2006). The role of sperm plugs in reproductive behaviour and sperm competition among goneplacines is unknown. Although sperm plugs are supposedly placed in the vagina by the first male to mate with soft-shelled females to prevent subsequent access to the spermatheca, in some species the plugs do not necessarily occlude the vulva nor prevent subsequent copulations (see Jensen et al. 1996). The morphology of the external reproductive structures of both sexes is unfortunately rarely available for study by paleontologists. The morphologies of these structures are not studied and are therefore missing from the descriptions and, most significantly, the suggested phylogenetic relationships that have been given by paleontologists. The importance of these structures for neontologists working with at least members of the family Goneplacidae is evidenced by the impossibility of reliably distinguishing between Microgoneplax n. gen. and Singhaplax, between Neommatocarcinus and Ommatocarcinus, and between Carcinoplax tenuidentata n. sp. and Pycnoplax bispinosa n. comb. without examining the external reproductive structures. The likely role of the structure of copulatory organs as an isolating mechanism among the sympatric species of Microgoneplax n. gen. and Singhaplax provides evidence of the obvious biological significance of these structures.	en	Castro, Peter (2007): A reappraisal of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and revision of the subfamily Goneplacinae, with the description of 10 new genera and 18 new species. Zoosystema 29 (4): 609-774, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4525564
