identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
131D87EFFFAFFF90FFDC5A84FAF9FD85.text	131D87EFFFAFFF90FFDC5A84FAF9FD85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conotylidae Cook 1896	<div><p>Family Conotylidae Cook, 1896</p><p>Conotylidae Cook, 1896:8 . Verhoeff 1932:500. Shear 1971:58; 1972:268; 1976:4.</p><p>Idagonidae Buckett &amp; Gardner 1967:117 .</p><p>Japanosomidae (recte: Japanosomatidae), Mauriès 1978:63, 1982:180 (nomen translatum from Japanosominae Verhoeff 1914).</p><p>Macromastidae Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971:126.</p><p>Members of the family Conotylidae are the only heterochordeumatideans except for species of Adritylidae Shear, 1971 to occur in North America. Both families are distinct as the only chordeumatidans native to the continent with the mentum of the gnathochilarium undivided and having males with coxal glands on legpair 10. All known conotylids have 30 trunk rings (collum + 28 podous rings + telson). There is very little variation in somatic characters, except for size and the degree to which metazonital dorsolateral shoulders are developed; these range from nearly absent to extensions resembling polydesmidan paranota. Hence we are left with characters of the gonopods to discern species, genera and even subfamilies. Fortunately, these structures are complicated, rich in characters, and highly invariable within species (though there are exceptions to this latter rule).</p><p>The anterior gonopods (modified eighth legpair) of conotylids may be simple or complex, but always consist of a single article probably homologous to the coxa, partially or completely fused to a transverse sternite with strong lateral lobes. The important features of this article are very likely formed from the rim of the former coxal gland of the podomere, and thus can be called angiocoxites, though this term is rarely applied since the anterior gonopods are unitary. In many of the species, there is a deep pit posteriobasal on the gonopod which we consider homologous to the gland opening of the eighth coxa. Frequently a channel runs from this pit or pore to near the tip of the gonopod. Elaborations of the distal gonopod may include both basal and posterior branches and fimbriate, nodular or excavated regions.</p><p>The ninth leg modifications in males of heterochordeumatidean species are distinctive, with a complex coxal process and a free prefemur (which may be slightly modified), but the rest of the podomeres are coalesced into (or reduced to) a single cylindrical, clavate or ovoid article (though perhaps homologous just to the femur) that never bears a vestigial claw (in the conotylid subfamily Idagoninae, however, the telopodites of the ninth legs are entirely absent). The coxites are often complex and obviously play a role in spermatophore transfer, and for this reason can properly be called posterior gonopods. Again, it is likely that the coxal process (or coxite) is an angiocoxite, though in the past it has sometimes been characterized as a colpocoxite, a process derived from the extruded and sclerotized coxal gland, rather than its rim. Our evidence for this parallels that for the anterior gonopod: the presence of a well-defined gland pore, often seen with exudate, either at the posterior base or midlength posteriorly in many species. The details of gonopod structure of the various genera covered in this paper is discussed under each of them, below.</p><p>In many conotylid genera such as Brunsonia there is a tendency for the anterior gonopods to be strongly reduced and for the coxites of the posterior gonopods to be enlarged and complicated. In the related Megalotylidae, in fact, the anterior gonopods are reduced to small spikes fused to a small discoid sternum. This suggests that the posterior gonopods may, in many cases, have usurped the sperm transfer function of the anterior gonopods. On the other hand, species of the conotylid genus Idagona have the posterior gonopods virtually vestigial and without telopodites, making it hard to recognize anterior gonopod reduction as a phylogenetic trend throughout the family. There exist no systematic or comprehensive studies on how sperm or spermatophores are transferred from male to female in conotylids.</p><p>Conotylids can be separated from adritylids by the presence of profoundly modified tenth legs in the males of the latter, which have greatly enlarged coxae and tiny, 2-jointed telopodites (see Shear 1971 for illustrations). More difficult to discern, generally only by digesting the anterior gonopods to remove muscle tissue, is that the adritylid anterior gonopods are cheirites, structures which are bilaterally separated, but in which the gonopod, half the sternite and its associated tracheal apodeme are inseparably fused (see Shear 1971). In conotylids the glandular tenth coxae may be somewhat swollen, but telopodites of normal length are always present (Fig. 83). Invariably in conotylids, prefemora 11 bear mesobasal, dorsally directed apophyses (Figs. 84, 261). This character is shared with adritylids and at least some megalotylids. In the field (particularly in northwestern North America) conotylids may be quickly separated from other chordeumatidan families by being 4–20 mm in length, with prominent metazonite shoulders or even paranota, and long, curved segmental setae. For a key to previously described conotylid genera and a discussion of the characters of each, see Shear (1976).</p><p>Superficially, conotylids could be confused with members of the North American endemic Trichopetalidae (Cleidogonoidea), an unrelated taxon that occurs from Oklahoma eastward and is absent from the Rocky Mountains and Pacific coast states (a few trichopetalids are found in caves in central and eastern Mexico). Trichopetalids also have segments with prominent shoulders and long segmental setae. In fact, conotylids have sometimes been described as trichopetalids (i.e., Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971). However, trichopetalids have a divided mentum; in males, the ninth leg telopodites of trichopetalids are two-segmented rather than three-segmented and sometimes bear a vestigial claw; trichopetalids have coxal glands on legpair 11 as well as 10—but conotylids have the glands only on the tenth coxae. For more information on trichopetalids, see Shear (2003, 2010).</p><p>The genera of conotylids are presently a bit difficult to clearly separate, and for generic and species identification, readers are directed to the diagnoses and illustrations provided here. The plethora of species and genera in northwestern North America leaves little doubt that, pending the discovery of other centers of diversity (perhaps in the mountains of northwest or southwest China) this part of the world is home to the most diverse fauna of conotylids, and may be the region of origin for the family.</p><p>In eastern North America (Shear 1971, 1972), as well as in Japan (Shear &amp; Tsurusaki 1995) conotylids seem to be most active in the colder, wetter part of the year, and in the southern Appalachians occur at higher altitudes, associated with the northern hardwood or coniferous (spruce-fir) biomes, or are found in caves. Even in more northerly regions, for example the northern Mississippi Valley or central and northern New York, there is a definite tendency for species to prefer cave habitats. With specific ecological reference to northwestern North America, the careful reader will note that nearly every collection from northern California northward was made between November and March, indicating the adaptation of the conotylids to activity in the cooler, wetter winter weather of the region. From central California south, collections have mostly been made in spring as damper weather comes in from the Pacific Ocean, or at higher altitudes, or from caves. In one extreme example, Complicatella neili, n. gen., n. sp., the only known population was collected in a cave at 2660 meters in elevation atop a barren limestone peak surrounded by sagebrush desert in the Humboldt Mountains of Nevada. This species shows modest troglobiotic adaptations. These chorological and microhabitat observations indicate that conotylid diversity may well be seriously underestimated, due to the fact that not much collecting is done in the winter months. The rich haul brought in by William P. Leonard, CHR and their associates by recognizing the importance of winter collecting supports this prediction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFAFFF90FFDC5A84FAF9FD85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFA1FF90FFDC5DABFD58F901.text	131D87EFFFA1FF90FFDC5DABFD58F901.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiyutyla Chamberlin 1952	<div><p>Taiyutyla Chamberlin 1952</p><p>Taiyutyla Chamberlin 1952:1 . Type species, Taiyutyla jonesi (Chamberlin, 1951) by original designation of its synonym (see below for full details), T. corvallis Chamberlin, 1952 . Hoffman, 1961:270; Shear, 1971:86, 1976:6, 2004:15.</p><p>Diagnosis: Taiyutyla species may be distinguished from sympatric conotyline genera of western North America by a T-shaped process on the posterior surface of the posterior gonopod coxites (see species descriptions and illustrations below). The stem of the T (which may be very short) connects the branch to the coxite, and the ventral and dorsal limbs of the T-cap may have various modifications. This definition restricts Taiyutyla to the following described and new species: jonesi (Chamberlin, 1951), napa Shear, 1971, francisca Shear, 1971, benedictae Shear, 1976, prefemorata Shear, 1976, variata Shear, 1976, clarki Shear, 1976, T. amicitia n. sp., T. acuphora, n. sp., and T. tillamook n. sp., the last three described below. See Shear (1971, 1972, 1974, 1976, 2004) and Shear and Krejca (2011) for more detailed morphological data. The remaining previously described species and new species described here are grouped in new genera.</p><p>The anterior gonopods of Taiyutyla species are usually simple and erect, but sometimes with elaborations at the tips. The posterior gonopod coxites carry an anterior part that may be terminally blunt, abruptly acute, or with processes. The posterior part consists of the T-shaped branch, the ventral process of which is covered in fine, short, unbranched cuticular fimbriae. The dorsal process may be either smooth, or bear long, branched fimbriae. Near the point where the T-shaped branch joins the body of the coxite, a pore may be seen, often with exudate preserved, and subtended by one or two fimbriate branches or regions. These branches may serve as a sheath or groove in which the ventral process of the T-shaped branch is carried. The T-shaped branch may be homologous to what we are calling the pseudoflagellar branch of species of Bifurcatella, n. gen. (see below).</p><p>Distribution: From the San Francisco Bay region north through northern California, including the Sierra Nevada, to Oregon, Washington and British Colombia, Canada. Females of a probable Taiyutyla species yet to be described have been taken in the Alexander Archipelago and continental southern Alaska (Shelley et al. 2009). The inclusion of T. amicitia n. sp. extends the range of the genus east to Idaho.</p><p>New records of previously described species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFA1FF90FFDC5DABFD58F901	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFA1FF92FFDC59C9FC27FC1D.text	131D87EFFFA1FF92FFDC59C9FC27FC1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiyutyla jonesi (Chamberlin 1951)	<div><p>Taiyutyla jonesi (Chamberlin, 1951)</p><p>Figs. 1–11</p><p>Conotyla jonesi Chamberlin 1951:6 . Type locality: Oregon, Eugene, Lane Co. The whereabouts of the male holotype are unknown and it is presumed lost.</p><p>Taiyutyla jonesi, Hoffman 1961:270 .</p><p>Taiyutyla corvallis Chamberlin 1952:1 . Type locality: Oregon, Corvallis. Location of male holotype unknown, presumed lost. Hoffman, 1961:270; Shear 1971:87, 1976:6. New Synonymy.</p><p>Taiyutyla lewisi Shear, 1976:13 . Type locality: Lane Co., 5 mi N of Elmira at the junction of Demming and Territorial Roads, male holotype and male and female paratypes (AMNH). New Synonymy.</p><p>New records: UNITED STATES: OREGON: Benton Co., Clemens Park, Seely Creek Road, 0.3 mi from SR-34, North Fork of Alsea River, elev. 115 m., 44.4089°N, - 123.5675°W, 4 December 2005, W. Leonard, C. Richart, 3mm f (CAS); Multnomah Co., Gabbert Butte, Gresham, elev. 255 m., 45.4730°N, - 122.4356°W, 18 December 2017, P. Nosler, m f; West Bliss Butte near Clackamas County line, elev. 140 m, 45.4633°N, - 122.4622°W, 18 November 2017, P. Nosler, 2mm; Towle Butte, near Gresham, elev. 160 m., 45.4665°N, - 122.4540°W, 12 January 2018, P. Nosler, 2mm; same as previous but elev. 260 m., 45.4665°N, - 122.4500°W, 2mm; same as previous but elev. 155 m., 45.4664°N, - 122.454106°W, 2mm; Linn Co.: Cartney Park Drive near McCartney Park and Boat Ramp, Harrisburg, elev. 90 m., 44.3169°N, - 123.2138°W, 23 November 2017, P. Nosler, m; Tillamook Co., Rogers Forest Park, Beaver Dam Road 0.4 mi W of SR-6, Gales Creek, Tillamook State Forest, elev. 495 m., 45.6150°N, - 123.3780°W, 6 January 2018, P. Nosler, m. WASHINGTON: Whatcom Co., White Cap Road at Chuckanut Drive, elev. 60 m., 48.6623°N, - 122.4922°W, 20 February 2004, C. Richart, from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Acer macrophyllum, Alnus rubra, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Polystichum munitum, 3mm 2ff (CAS); Pierce Co.: Sequalitchew Creek Trailhead, elev. 61– 67 m., 47.107°N, - 122.645°W, 28 January 2012, R.; Crawford, 2 mm 3 ff (UWBM). CANADA: BRITISH COLUMBIA: Vancouver Island, Nanaimo River Road, 4.1 mi W of BC-1, elev. 130 m., 49.0695°N, - 123.9547°W, 2 March 1983, B. D. Ainscough, 1m (CAS); Lone Tree Hill, Saanich, elev. 240 m., 48.5182°N, - 123.5118°W, 21 October 2004, K. Ovaska, m (CAS); Colwood, 48.4391°N, - 123.4504°W, undated, K. Ovaska, L. Sopuck, m f (CAS); Mattheson Lake Regional (Provincial) Park, Metchosin, elev. 55 m., 48.3604°N, - 123.5919°W, 22 October 2009, K. Ovaska, 2ff; Florencia Bay, Pacific Rim National Park, elev. 20 m., 49.0128°N, - 125.6522°W, 29 November 2003, K. Ovaska, L. Sopuck, 5mm (CAS); Goldmine, Pacific Rim National Park, 49.0115°N, - 125.6215°W, 27 November 2003, K. Ovaska, L. Sopuck, 2mm (CAS).</p><p>Notes: Direct comparison of specimens from numerous localities establishes that T. jonesi is the senior synonym and both T. corvallis and lewisi are junior to that name. The distribution of the species is unusual in that only two records are known from Washington, between the localities in Oregon and British Columbia. However, scanning electron micrographs reveal the surprisingly exact identity of the gonopods of specimens from both areas. The gonopods were illustrated by Shear (1971) as were those of T. corvallis and T. lewisi by Shear (1976). Examination of types and new specimens reveal that both these names are synonyms of T. jonesi . Further illustrations of the gonopods and pregonopodal legs of males are presented here (Figs. 1–11).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFA1FF92FFDC59C9FC27FC1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFA3FF92FFDC5CD4FD91FAF8.text	131D87EFFFA3FF92FFDC5CD4FD91FAF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiyutyla clatsop Shear 1976	<div><p>Taiyutyla clatsop Shear, 1976</p><p>Taiyutyla clatsop Shear1976: 6 . Type locality: Oregon, Clatsop Co., 5 mi N, 7 mi W of Elsie, estimated coordinates taken from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.7263&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.9339" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.7263/lat 45.9339)">Saddle Mountain</a> Road at 5 horiz mi N and 7 W of Elsie, 45.9339°N, - 123.7263°W. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.7263&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.9339" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.7263/lat 45.9339)">Male</a> holotype and female paratypes (AMNH) .</p><p>New record: OREGON: Curry Co., Jerry’s Flat Road at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.2331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.2331/lat 42.489)">Quosatana Creek</a>, 9.5 mi E, 4.6 mi N of Gold Beach, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.2331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.2331/lat 42.489)">Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest</a>, estimated coordinates taken from intersect of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.2331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.2331/lat 42.489)">Quosatana Creek</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.2331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.489" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.2331/lat 42.489)">Agnes Road</a>, elev. 30 m., 42.4890°N, - 124.2331°W, 26 March 1976, A. K. Johnson, m (FSCA) .</p><p>Notes: This species is small for a member of Taiyutyla, and some of the gonopod features resemble species of Bifurcatella, n. gen. We retain it in Taiyutyla due to the pregonopodal leg modifications and its similarity to other Taiyutyla species described as new below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFA3FF92FFDC5CD4FD91FAF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFA3FF92FFDC5A95FC8EF8E9.text	131D87EFFFA3FF92FFDC5A95FC8EF8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiyutyla napa Shear 1971	<div><p>Taiyutyla napa Shear, 1971</p><p>Fig. 22</p><p>Taiyutyla napa Shear 1971: 87 . Type locality: California, Napa Co., Mt. St. Helena, male holotype and two female paratypes (AMNH) .</p><p>New record: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.5998&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.6523" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.5998/lat 38.6523)">California</a>, Napa Co., Mt. St. Helena, estimated coordinates taken from the Mt. St. Helena Trail Head along SR-29, elev. 715 m., 38.6523°N, - 122.5998°W, 13 March 1962, J. S. Buckett, M. E. Irwin, m f (EMEC) .</p><p>Notes: These specimens are topotypical. The scanning electron micrograph (Fig. 22) shows many details not seen using optical microscopes and not reported in the original description (Shear 1971). Figure 22 illustrates, in posterior view, the anterior (ag) and posterior (pg) gonopods. The ventral part of the T-shaped branch (T) of the posterior gonopod coxite is evidently absent, so the coxite somewhat resembles those of species of Bifurcatella, n. gen., but the anterior gonopod does not. For the time being, this species is better accommodated in Taiyutyla . Note the secretion (sec) emerging from a pore in the anterior gonopod.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFA3FF92FFDC5A95FC8EF8E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFA2FF93FFDC5DA1FCFCFA4C.text	131D87EFFFA2FF93FFDC5DA1FCFCFA4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiyutyla tillamook Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Taiyutyla tillamook, new species</p><p>Figs. 12–18, 23, 24</p><p>Types: Male holotype and male and female paratypes from Oregon, Tillamook Co., FS-14 2.2 mi NE of SR-22, Siuslaw National Forest, elev. 200 m, 45.2303°N, - 123.8422°W, collected 10 December 2005, by W. Leonard, C. Richart from litter and woody debris in a mixed forest including Alnus rubra, Polystichum munitum, Acer macrophyllum, Acer macrophyllum, Acer circinatum, and Pseudotsuga menziesii .</p><p>Diagnosis: This is the only species from Oregon or California with a strong, retrorse branch posterior on the coxites of the posterior gonopods; this type of coxite has otherwise been found only on species from Idaho. Further, the small narrow femoral knobs on legpairs five to seven are distinctive.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is a noun in apposition, referring to the occurrence of the species in Tillamook County, Oregon.</p><p>Description: Male paratype from Siuslaw National Forest. Length, 14.0 mm. 20 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with modest angular shoulders on rings 3–24. Color pale, cream-tan, mottled with darker purplish brown, mottling strongest midbody. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, with mesal knobs on femora of legpairs five to seven (Figs. 14–18), knobs smaller and thinner than in other species, femora of fourth legpair with low mesal swellings. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 12, 23) somewhat flattened anteroposteriorly, subapically with distinct shoulder bearing small teeth, terminal process acuminate, hooked. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 13, 24) bearing large, complex fimbriate area just distal of midlength, terminating in small, twisted process; T-shaped branch (T) with long spine pointing ventrally. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 13.5 mm long, similar in nonsexual characters to male.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFA2FF93FFDC5DA1FCFCFA4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFA2FF93FFDC5F9BFD69FDEC.text	131D87EFFFA2FF93FFDC5F9BFD69FDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiyutyla variata Shear 1976	<div><p>Taiyutyla variata Shear, 1976</p><p>Taiyutyla variata Shear 1976:13 . Type locality: Oregon: Jackson Co., Buckley County Park Rest Area, 3.5 mi S of Ruch on the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.0687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.2188" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.0687/lat 42.2188)">Upper Applegate River</a>, 2.5 mi from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.0687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.2188" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.0687/lat 42.2188)">State Highway</a> 238, estimated coordinates taken from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.0687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.2188" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.0687/lat 42.2188)">Cantrall Buckley County Park</a> which is nearer to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.0687&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.2188" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.0687/lat 42.2188)">Ruch</a> and SR-238 than the written description, 42.2188°N, - 123.0687°W, male holotype and several male paratypes (AMNH) .</p><p>New records: OREGON: Multnomah Co., Towle Butte near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.4377&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.473125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.4377/lat 45.473125)">Clackamas County</a> line, elev. 170 m., 45.4658°N, - 122.4530°W, 8 November 2016, P. Nosler, 3mm f; Gabbert Butte, 45.473124°N, - 122.43770°W, 30 October 2016, P. Nosler, m .</p><p>Distribution: Also collected at several localities in Josephine Co., Oregon, and evidently sympatric with T. jonesi in Multnomah Co.</p><p>Descriptions of new species of Taiyutyla</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFA2FF93FFDC5F9BFD69FDEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFA2FF94FFDC5925FB84FD35.text	131D87EFFFA2FF94FFDC5925FB84FD35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiyutyla acuphora Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Taiyutyla acuphora, new species</p><p>Figs. 19–21, 25, 26</p><p>Types: Male holotype and female paratype from Washington, Lewis Co., Stillman Basin, Weyerhaeuser 4000 Road 1.8 mi SW of Pe-Ell McDonald Road, elev. 282 m., 46.5145°N, - 123.2015°W, collected 4 December 2004, by W. Leonard, C. Richart from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Thuja plicata, Alnus rubra, Rubus spectabilus, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Polystichum munitum .</p><p>Diagnosis: The anterior gonopods have a unique, anterior wing-like extension, while the posterior gonopod coxites appear squared off, but have a distal, acute terminal process and femoral knobs are borne on male legpairs 47. No other species of Taiyutyla has this combination of characters.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet means “needle bearer” and refers to the acute terminal process of the posterior gonopod coxite.</p><p>Description:Male holotype.Length, 12.5 mm.Twenty to twenty-two ocelli in triangular eyepatch.Metazonites with well-developed shoulders, segmental setae long,acute,curved.Color light brown,irregularly marked brownish purple. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven moderately enlarged, podomeres not swollen, femoral knobs on pairs 4–7. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 19, 20, 25) distinctly clavate, distally expanded anterior into broad wing, bearing small, distal posterior process. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 21, 26) short, stout, apically squared off, but with long, curved, acute process arising from lateral angle apically; ventral arm of T-shaped branch (T, Fig. 26) with fine fimbriae, embraced by fimbriate region, distinct pore near base of this region (with coagulated secretion in some specimens). Tenth coxae of normal size, with glands; eleventh prefemora with long, curved distal processes.</p><p>Female 13.5 mm long. Nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co., Middle Satsop Road 2 mi N of Brady near Satsop River, elev. 15 m., 47.0245°N, - 123.5196°W, 3 January 2003, W. Leonard et al., under maple leaves, mm ff.</p><p>Notes: This is the first Taiyutyla species to be recorded from western Washington.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFA2FF94FFDC5925FB84FD35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFA5FF94FFDC5DF3FEF6F92A.text	131D87EFFFA5FF94FFDC5DF3FEF6F92A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Taiyutyla amicitia Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Taiyutyla amicitia, new species</p><p>Figs. 27–36</p><p>Types: Male holotype, 16 male and 8 female paratypes from IDAHO: Kootenai Co., Beauty Creek, Idaho <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.6453&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.6031" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.6453/lat 47.6031)">Panhandle National Forests</a>, 47.6031°N, - 116.6453°W, collected 8 November 2004, by C. Richart, W. Leonard, J. Baugh .</p><p>Diagnosis: Taiyutyla amicitia is unique in having femoral knobs only on legpairs four and five.</p><p>Etymology: The species is named to commemorate the friendship that formed over millipede species discovery (L., amicitia, a noun in apposition) between WAS, CHR and William P. Leonard.</p><p>Description: Paratype male from Beauty Creek: Length, 10.0 mm. Twenty-two ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with low shoulders on all trunk rings from three to 25. Color light brown, marked darker purplish brown, markings more distinct anteriorly. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, mesal knobs present only on femora four and five, mesal and large on both (Figs. 32–36). Anterior gonopods (Figs. 27, 28, 36) simple, with short, triangular process subdistally. Posterior gonopod coxites (Fig. 29, 31) complicated, with T-shaped branch (T, Fig. 29) originating subdistally, a strong, triangular tooth at its base; this branch with two long, thin processes, the more distal one set with small teeth. Terminus of coxite strongly hooked. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 14.5 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: IDAHO: Shoshone Co., Hobo Cedar Grove Botanical Area, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, elev. 1295 m., 47.0880°N - 116.1152°W, 14 October 2006, W. Leonard, C. Richart, A. Fusek, Habitat: oldgrowth Tsuga heterophylla, Thuja plicata, Abies grandis, under litter and woody debris, m f (CAS).</p><p>Notes: This species, the first Taiyutyla from Idaho, is syntopic with Brunsonia pulchra, n. sp. (see below) at Beauty Creek, the type locality for both of them. The original collection was mixed, and after the two species were sorted out by size, the gonopod differences became apparent. Taiyutyla amicitia is perhaps the Taiyutyla species closest in gonopod form (particularly the posterior gonopod coxites) to some Bifurcatella, n. gen. species, but the large femoral knobs on legpair five and the somewhat larger body size argue for including it in Taiyutyla .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFA5FF94FFDC5DF3FEF6F92A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB9FF88FFDC5FBAFD8AFD7F.text	131D87EFFFB9FF88FFDC5FBAFD8AFD7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calityla Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Calityla, new genus</p><p>Type species: Calityla siskiyou, n. sp.</p><p>Diagnosis: Related to Taiyutyla, but differing in the posterior gonopod coxites, which lack the characteristic Tshaped branch and other modifications but instead have a single posterior fimbriate process, which may itself be branched; there may be a deep pit or pore at the base of this branch. A deep pit or pore on the anterior gonopods is lacking. The terminus of the coxite is often narrowed and with 2–3 acute, curved branches at the tip. Femoral knobs may appear on legpairs 3–7, 4–7, 6–7 or 7 only, or be completely absent (see species accounts below).</p><p>Etymology: Cali- for California, where all the know species occur, with - tyla, a combining stem frequently used in the family. Gender is feminine.</p><p>Distribution: Northern California. Each of the five new species of Calityla are only known from their type localities.</p><p>Descriptions of new species of Calityla</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB9FF88FFDC5FBAFD8AFD7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB9FF88FFDC5C08FD0DFA4E.text	131D87EFFFB9FF88FFDC5C08FD0DFA4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calityla siskiyou Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Calityla siskiyou, new species</p><p>Figs. 37–47</p><p>Types: Male holotype, male paratype and eight female paratypes from CALIFORNIA: Shasta Co., 8 mi S of Dunsmuir, Shasta-Trinity National Forest, estimated coordinates measured 8 mi S of Dunsmuir along I-5, 41.1095°N, - 122.3225°W, collected 23 November 1954, by E. Gilbert &amp; R. Schuster (EMEC); county recorded as Siskiyou County on the label, but the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.3225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.1095" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.3225/lat 41.1095)">Shasta County</a> line is only 2 mi S of Dunsmuir.</p><p>Diagnosis: This species seems quite close to T. ubicki, but differs in details of the posterior gonopod coxites and in having femoral knobs on pregonopodal legpairs three to seven, instead of just six and seven.</p><p>Etymology: The name is a noun in apposition, referring to the occurrence of the species in Siskiyou County.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 10.0 mm. 19 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with low, narrow shoulders on rings 6–24. Color uniform pale tan (after long preservation). Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, with moderate angular knobs basal on femora three and four, mesodistal on femora five, distal on femora six and seven (Figs. 40–44). Anterior gonopods (Figs. 37, 45) with prominent mesobasal, single seta on each side, simple, slender, tapering, slightly hooked apically, with subapical posterior tooth that is slightly hamate. Posterior gonopods with relatively small coxites (Figs. 38, 39, 46, 47) bearing large, complex fimbriate branch (fb, Fig. 46) distal of midlength, terminating in elongate bifurcate process that bears a basal tooth. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 10 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB9FF88FFDC5C08FD0DFA4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB9FF89FFDC5920FE28FE15.text	131D87EFFFB9FF89FFDC5920FE28FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calityla ubicki Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Calityla ubicki, new species</p><p>Figs. 51–57</p><p>Types: Male holotype from CALIFORNIA: Trinity Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.416/lat 40.567)">Indian Valley Creek Cave</a>, 4 air mi SSE of Hyampom, elev. ca. 565 m., 40.567°N, - 123.416°W, collected 27 October 1990, by D. Ubick, W. Rauscher (CAS) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Unlike any other, the femoral knobs of the male pregonopodal legs are limited to legpairs six and seven, with the knobs on prefemora seven basal, large and fungiform, and on prefemora six mesal and as a small swelling.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet recognizes the collector, Darrell Ubick of the California Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 10.0 mm. 14 poorly formed and pigmented ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with low shoulders on rings 5–24. Unpigmented. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, with elongate tarsi, large fungiform knobs basal on femora seven, mesodistal low swellings on femora 6, knobs of femora seven roughened by small teeth (Figs. 53–57). Anterior gonopods (Fig. 51) simple, slender, tapering, slightly hooked apically, with subapical posterior tooth. Posterior gonopod coxites (Fig. 52) bearing short, curved fimbriate branch midlength, terminating in small, bifurcate process. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with blunt, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Distribution: known only from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: C alityla ubicki would seem to have some adaptation to cave life, with reduced eyes and pigment and somewhat elongate leg tarsi.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB9FF89FFDC5920FE28FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFBAFF8BFFDC5CB0FC98F921.text	131D87EFFFBAFF8BFFDC5CB0FC98F921.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calityla essigi Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Calityla essigi, new species</p><p>Figs. 48–50, 67–74</p><p>Types: Male holotype and four male paratypes from CALIFORNIA: Santa Cruz Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.56" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.42/lat 40.56)">Ben Lomond</a>, ca. 40.56°N, - 123.42°W (estimated coordinates taken from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.56" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.42/lat 40.56)">Highlands County Park in Ben Lomond</a>), collected 22 January 1955, by D. Burdick, M. Wasbauer (EMEC) .</p><p>Diagnosis: This species resembles the preceding one, but is distinct in the more massive fimbriate branch of the posterior gonopod coxites and their more robust terminal process, with the subterminal tooth displaced basally.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet honors the late Edward O. Essig, founder of the Essig Museum of Entomology at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Essig shared with WAS an interest in the horticulture of the genus Iris .</p><p>Description: Paratype male from Ben Lomond: Length, 11.0 mm. 22 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with prominent angular shoulders on rings 2–27. Color chestnut brown marked darker purplish brown. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, with mesal knobs on femora of legpairs three to seven; hardly discernible on femora 3, gradually enlarged on more posterior femora, large, squarish and angular on femora seven (Figs. 70–74). Anterior gonopods (Figs. 48, 49, 67) with prominent mesobasal, single seta on each side, simple, anteroposteriorly flattened, with sinuate posterior ridge, small serrations on lateral sides near tips (Fig. 49), slightly hooked apically. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 50, 68, 69) bearing large, complex fimbriate branch distal of midlength, terminating in large bifurcate process that bears a tooth near its base. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality. Ben Lomond is a town; the same name is applied to a nearby mountain, and both are close to Big Bend Redwoods State Park.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFBAFF8BFFDC5CB0FC98F921	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFBAFF8BFFDC5F98FBA5FCC1.text	131D87EFFFBAFF8BFFDC5F98FBA5FCC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calityla trinitaria Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Calityla trinitaria, new species</p><p>Figs. 58–66</p><p>Types: Male holotype and female paratype from CALIFORNIA: Trinity Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.4197&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.5634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.4197/lat 40.5634)">Indian Valley</a>, parking area for <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.4197&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.5634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.4197/lat 40.5634)">Indian Creek Valley Cave</a>, elev. 700 m., 40.5634°N, - 123.4197°W, collected 27 October 1990, by D. Ubick, W. Rauscher (CAS) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Taiyutyla trinitaria is sympatric, possibly syntopic, with the previous species but may easily be distinguished from it by the far more complicated coxites of the male posterior gonopods, and the femoral knobs of the male pregonopodal legs, which are on legpairs three to seven, while in T. ubicki the knobs are found only on legpairs six and seven.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is an adjective based on Trinity County.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 11.0 mm. 17 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with low, narrow shoulders on rings 4–26. Color pale cream-tan lightly mottled brown. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, with moderate angular knobs basal on femora three and to seven (Figs. 61–66). Anterior gonopods (Fig. 58) simple, blunt, roughened apicolaterally with small cuticular teeth (Fig. 59). Posterior gonopod coxites bearing large, complex fimbriate branch distal of midlength, distally acuminate, hooked (Fig. 60). Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 11.0 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from type locality.</p><p>Note: This species is clearly quite different from its sympatric congener T. ubicki .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFBAFF8BFFDC5F98FBA5FCC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFBAFF8EFFDC5810FA71FD85.text	131D87EFFFBAFF8EFFDC5810FA71FD85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calityla humboldtensis Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Calityla humboldtensis, new species</p><p>Figs. 75 –85</p><p>Types: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.5131&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.3311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.5131/lat 41.3311)">Male</a> holotype and female paratype from CALIFORNIA: Humboldt Co., 2.75 mi NNE Orleans, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.5131&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.3311" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.5131/lat 41.3311)">Six Rivers National Forest</a>, estimated coordinates taken from CA-96 2.75 mi NNE of the U.S. Post Office in Orleans, elev. 175 m., 41.3311°N, - 123.5131°W, collected 21 December 1976, by R . K. Johnson (FSCA) .</p><p>Diagnosis: In addition to its remarkably simple gonopods, this species differs from all others in Calityla in having distal knobs on some of the pregonopodal leg prefemora, as well as the femora.</p><p>Etymology: The species name, an adjective, refers to the type locality in Humboldt County.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 9.5 mm. 19 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with moderate shoulders on rings 3–26. Coloration pale tan, lightly marked darker brown. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, fungiform knobs basal on femora four, five and seven, mesodistal on femora six, knobs of femora seven set with small teeth; prefemora four to seven with small distal knobs, smallest on femora six (Figs. 78–82, 85). Anterior gonopods (Fig. 75) large, broad, with small mesal branches about one-tenth length of main, lateral branches, these with finely corrugated areas just below tips. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 76, 77) with simple, acuminate, distally hooked coxites, anteriorly bearing densely fimbriate process. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands (Fig. 83), legpair 11 femora with blunt, dorsally directed knobs (Fig. 84).</p><p>Female 10 mm long, otherwise as male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: Only known from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: Probably the extra prefemoral knobs allow the males to have a firmer grip on the females during mating.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFBAFF8EFFDC5810FA71FD85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFBFFF8EFFDC5D6CFD71FBE1.text	131D87EFFFBFFF8EFFDC5D6CFD71FBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ovaskella Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Ovaskella, new genus</p><p>Type species: Ovaskella ovaskae, n. sp.</p><p>Diagnosis: Related to Calityla . Both species in this genus have thin, acute anterior gonopods and rather uncomplicated posterior gonopod coxites, which have a single branch; this is like the preceding genus, but very much smaller, and enveloped in two fimbriate wings (the lateral wing much reduced in the type species). The coxite has a pore at the base of this branch, visible with secretion exuded in Fig. 88 of O. ovaskae, n. sp., but obscured by recalcitrant debris in Fig. 101 of O. sinuosa, n. sp. .</p><p>Etymology: Kristiina Ovaska of British Columbia, Canada, has collected many valuable millipede specimens which she generously has shared with the authors and others. We take the first part of her surname and use the diminutive suffix -ella, as in Bollmanella .</p><p>Descriptions of new species of Ovaskella</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFBFFF8EFFDC5D6CFD71FBE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFBFFF8FFFDC5BACFE88FEF9.text	131D87EFFFBFFF8FFFDC5BACFE88FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ovaskella ovaskae Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Ovaskella ovaskae, new species</p><p>Figs. 86–91</p><p>Types: Male holotype and male paratype from BRITISH COLUMBIA: SGang Gwaay, (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.2164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.098" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.2164/lat 52.098)">Anthony Island</a>), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.2164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.098" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.2164/lat 52.098)">Haida Gwaii</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.2164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.098" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.2164/lat 52.098)">Queen Charlotte Islands</a>), SGang <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.2164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.098" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.2164/lat 52.098)">Gwaay</a> UNESCO <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.2164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.098" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.2164/lat 52.098)">World Heritage Site</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-131.2164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=52.098" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -131.2164/lat 52.098)">National Historic Site</a>, elev. 15 m., 52.0980°N, - 131.2164°W, 15 September 2004, K. Ovaska, L. Sopuk .</p><p>Diagnosis: Distinct from the other species of the genus in bearing obvious paranota on most metazonites, and lacking femoral knobs on any pregonopodal legs. The paranotal character is shared by two other British Columbia species, Vancouvereuma shawi (Shear), 2004 and Karagama lupus (Shear), 2004 . Vancouvereuma shawi, however, has gonopods similar to Taiyutyla jonesi, and K. lupus has bifid gonopods with subequal branches; both of these species have more complicated posterior gonopod coxites than O. ovaskae .</p><p>Etymology: We name this species for Kristiina Ovaska, Victoria, British Columbia, the collector.</p><p>Description: Paratype male from SGang Gwaay: Length, 12.0 mm. 21 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with well-developed paranota, in place of rounded shoulders, on metazonites 6–25; two outermost segmental setae on anterior and posterior corners of paranotum. Color dark brown to chestnut brown. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, mesal knobs lacking on all pregonopodal legs, but femora three to five more strongly bowed than six and seven. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 86, 89) slender, with anterior midlength knob bearing coarse teeth, apical process bifurcate with subterminal anterior lamella. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 87, 88, 90, 91) with basal portion of prefemur set off by distinct groove, coxite much simplified, lacking fimbriate branches or areas. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 12.0 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: Only known from the type locality.</p><p>Note: The former Queen Charlotte Islands, more than 150 mountainous islands off the west coast of British Columbia, are now known as Haida Gwaii. These islands are protected as the Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve. SGang Gwaay, or Ninstints, is a village abandoned by the Haida nation in 1880 and is now recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The region may have escaped glaciation during the Wisconsinan, and hosts a remarkable array of endemic species, such that it is sometimes called the “Canadian Galápagos,” but its soil and litter fauna has been little explored.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFBFFF8FFFDC5BACFE88FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB0FF81FFDC5F98FCACFB8D.text	131D87EFFFB0FF81FFDC5F98FCACFB8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ovaskella sinuosa Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Ovaskella sinuosa, new species</p><p>Figs. 92–101</p><p>Types: Male holotype, five male and four female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Skamania Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.1933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.5747" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.1933/lat 45.5747)">Cape Horn</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.1933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.5747" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.1933/lat 45.5747)">Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area</a>, elev. 58 m., 45.5747°N, - 122.1933°W, collected 19 November 2004, by W. Leonard .</p><p>Diagnosis: The slightly sinuous, sharp-tipped gonopods, coupled with a markedly reduced fimbriate branch and blunt tip on the posterior gonopod coxites distinguish this species from all others.</p><p>Etymology: The species is named for the sinuous appearance of the anterior gonopods. The species epithet is an adjective.</p><p>Description: Paratype male from Cape Horn: Length, 10.5 mm. 22 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with low shoulders on rings 4–26. Color pale tan, without darker spotting or mottling. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, with mesal knobs on femora of legpairs four to seven; absent on femora 3, angular or coarsely toothed (Figs. 95–99). Anterior gonopods (Figs. 92, 100) tapering to acute tip, slightly sinuously curved. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 90, 91, 101) bearing reduced, only slightly fimbriate branch distal of midlength, terminating bluntly, with concavity receiving tip of fimbriate branch, minutely toothed on lateral edge. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 10.0 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: In addition to the type locality: OREGON: Multnomah Co., 2 mi W of Warrendale, Ainsworth State Park, elev. ca. 45 m, ca. 45.595°N, - 122.051°W (estimated coordinates taken from Ainsworth State Park parking lot), 12 December 2002, W. Leonard, m (CAS).</p><p>Notes: Cape Horn is a massive basalt cliff outcrop located on the Washington side of the Columbia River, approximately 10 miles upriver from Washougal, Washington. A popular hiking trail provides access .</p><p>In Fig. 101, the mass at the base of the anterior gonopod posterior branch, with clusters of needle-like crystals, is an artifact that could not be removed by ultrasonic cleaning.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB0FF81FFDC5F98FCACFB8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB0FF81FFDC5B67FD58F905.text	131D87EFFFB0FF81FFDC5B67FD58F905.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vancouvereuma Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Vancouvereuma, new genus</p><p>Type species: Vancouvereuma shawi (Shear, 2004), new combination</p><p>Diagnosis: Distinct from Taiyutyla, which it otherwise resembles, in the posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 103, 104), which are broad and stout, lack a T-shaped branch but have a broad, curved, basal posterior process extending between the body of the coxa and the prefemur (B, Fig. 103). The anterior gonopods (Fig. 102) are broad and simple.</p><p>Etymology: From Vancouver Island and - euma, a combining stem often used in generic names in Chordeumatida . Feminine in gender.</p><p>Distribution: Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, and northwestern Washington, USA.</p><p>Notes: Vancouvereuma shawi (Shear, 2004) is the only known species. For a complete description and additional illustrations, see Shear (2004).</p><p>New records of previously described species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB0FF81FFDC5B67FD58F905	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB0FF83FFDC59CBFC19FE81.text	131D87EFFFB0FF83FFDC59CBFC19FE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vancouvereuma shawi (Shear 2004) Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Vancouvereuma shawi (Shear, 2004)</p><p>Figs. 102–104</p><p>Taiyutyla shawi Shear, 2004:16 . Type locality: BRITISH COLUMBIA: Vancouver Island, Lower Hanging Sump Cave, 16 km SW of Port McNeil, male holotype, juvenile male paratype (VMNH) .</p><p>New record: WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co., unnamed tributary of Wynoochee River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.5231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.4852" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.5231/lat 47.4852)">Olympic National Forest</a>, elev. 457 m., 47.4852°N, - 123.5231°W, 28 September 2003, W. Leonard, m f .</p><p>Notes: Vancouvereuma shawi has also been collected in Thurston Co., Washington (Shear 2004), and females resembling this species have been collected as far north as southern Alaska.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB0FF83FFDC59CBFC19FE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB2FF83FFDC5E66FEFBFBB2.text	131D87EFFFB2FF83FFDC5E66FEFBFBB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Karagama Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Karagama, new genus</p><p>Type species: Karagama ladybird, n. sp.</p><p>Diagnosis: Differs from Taiyutyla and the new genus Vancouvereuma in the very simple, acuminate, curved coxites of the posterior gonopods, which lack a T-shaped branch but do have narrow fimbriate regions posteriorly, near a suppressed pore (Figs. 107, 108, 110). The anterior gonopods (Figs. 105, 109) are two-branched, similar to those of Bifurcatella, n. gen. (see below) but the branches occupy distinctly anterior and posterior positions, rather than lateral and mesal, as in Bifurcatella species.</p><p>Etymology: The genus name is an arbitrary combination of letters that should be treated as feminine in gender.</p><p>Included species: Besides the type, Karagama lupus (Shear, 2004), n. comb., and Karagama loftinae (Shear &amp; Krejca, 2011), n. comb. are also included in the genus.</p><p>Notes: This genus is somewhat heterogeneous, particularly with regard to the anterior gonopod, which in the type species has the posterior branch tightly appressed to the anterior; while in the other two, it is well separated. Geography may present another problem, since the type species is from northern California (Redwood National Park) and the other two included species are from the southern Sierra Nevada and Vancouver Island . Nevertheless for the present, relying only on morphology, they seem to belong together .</p><p>The name of K. lupus does not change gender since the specific epithet is a noun in apposition rather than an adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB2FF83FFDC5E66FEFBFBB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB2FF85FFDC5BBDFCB1FEDD.text	131D87EFFFB2FF85FFDC5BBDFCB1FEDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Karagama ladybird Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Karagama ladybird, new species</p><p>Figs. 105–110</p><p>Types: Male holotype and female paratype from CALIFORNIA, Humboldt Co., Redwood National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.0166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.3047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.0166/lat 41.3047)">Lady Bird Johnson Grove</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.0166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.3047" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.0166/lat 41.3047)">Bald Hills Road</a> 2.6 mi E of US-101, elev. 445 m., 41.3047°N, - 124.0166°W, collected 21 December 2006, by C. Richart and A. Fusek, from the forest litter of a redwood forest including Sequoia sempervirens, Rhododendron macrophyllum, and Polystichum munitum (CAS) . Three male paratypes and one female paratype from Redwood National Park, along Redwood Creek, 40.9946°N, - 123.8605°W, collected 27 November 1976 by R. K. Johnson (FSCA) .</p><p>Diagnosis: The complex anterior gonopods (Fig. 1) with a distinctive posterior branch and fimbriate regions separate this species from all others known so far. Karagama lupus Shear, 2004 has a basal branch, but it is subequal to the main branch and fimbriate regions are lacking. Also, T. lupus has broad paranota on its metazonites. Karagama loftinae (Shear &amp; Krejca, 2011) has the posterior branch of the anterior gonopod with a comb-like distal tip.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is a noun in apposition referring to the type locality and the late Lady Bird Johnson, former First Lady of the United States, who had a deep interest in the preservation of natural areas.</p><p>Description: Paratype male from Redwood National Park: Length, 8.0 mm. 22 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with prominent shoulders on rings 6–25. Coloration pale tan, lightly marked darker brown. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, basal femoral knobs on legpair four, legpair five basally swollen, otherwise pregonopodal femora not modified. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 105, 106, 109) with main (mesal) branch bearing fimbriae from colpocoxal region near base, additional fimbriate region near tip, ending in short, blunt subapical process set with acute, fine cuticular projections. Posterior gonopods with distinct, band-like sternum, coxae partially fused to prefemora, prefemora with anterobasal, short process bearing few setae; posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 107, 108, 110) simple, long-triangular, with fimbriate lamellae basally, apically hooked, distal row of blunt teeth on lateral side. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with blunt, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female from Redwood National Park 8.2 mm long, otherwise nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from Redwood National Park.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB2FF85FFDC5BBDFCB1FEDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB4FF85FFDC5E94FD57F998.text	131D87EFFFB4FF85FFDC5E94FD57F998.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bollmanella Chamberlin 1941	<div><p>Bollmanella Chamberlin, 1941</p><p>Bollmanella Chamberlin 1941: 12; Shear, 1974: 135. Type species, Bollmanella oregona Chamberlin, 1941 .</p><p>Diagnosis: Small to medium-sized conotylids (4.5–11 mm long). Anterior gonopods unbranched, simple. Coxites of posterior gonopods often with pseudoflagellar branch carried in sheath at least partially fused with main body of coxite. Pregonopodal legs three and four encrassate, with distomesal femoral knobs, or legs three to seven encrassate, five, six and seven with prefemoral knobs ( Bollmanella washingtonensis, n. sp.). Distinct from the closely related Bifurcatella, n. gen. in the unbranched anterior gonopods, Bifurcatella having the gonopods distinctly twobranched, the median branch usually the shorter, and from Complicatella, n. gen. in having the pseudoflagellum single (multiple in Complicatella); Complicatella also has the sheath of the pseudoflagellum entirely separate from the main body of the coxite; it appears as a basal branch of the main pseudoflagellum.</p><p>Notes: The eight species of Bollmanella and their known distributions are as follows: Bollmanella oregona Chamberlin, 1941, from Josephine, Douglas and Jackson Counties in Oregon (for a full list of localities, see Shear, 1974); B. reducta Shear, 1974, from near Ashland, Jackson Co., Oregon; B. laminata Shear, 1974, from near Timber, Washington Co., Oregon; B. bella Shear, 1974, from near Allegany on the Douglas/Coos Counties border; B. camassia Shear, 1974, from Camas Valley, Douglas Co., Oregon; B. washingtonensis, n. sp., from Grays Harbor, Thurston, King, Mason, Cowlitz, Jefferson and Pacific Counties, Washington, B. bombus, n. sp. from Idaho Co., Idaho, and B. leonardi, n. sp. from Cowlitz and Thurston Counties, Washington. See descriptions below for detailed localities of the new species.</p><p>Previously described species of the genus transferred elsewhere: B. unca Shear, 1974, from two localities in Douglas Co., Oregon and B. bifurcata Shear, 1974 from Wallowa Co., Oregon, are moved to Bifurcatella, n. gen. and B. complicata Shear, 1974 from Mason Co., Washington is the type of the new genus Complicatella .</p><p>This genus seems to be close to Taiyutyla in many respects, and some species in both genera are difficult to place. The type species, B. oregona, had previously been a somewhat aberrant member of the genus in that the main branch of the posterior gonopod coxite is quite narrow, and the sheathing branch is free for much of its length. The three new species described below more closely conform to this plan, despite significant geographic separation from B. oregona . The species removed from the genus seem quite dissimilar to B. oregona and the three new ones; the name Bollmanella has to go with B. oregona, its type.</p><p>Descriptions of new species of Bollmanella</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB4FF85FFDC5E94FD57F998	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB4FF86FFDC5932FAD4FDFC.text	131D87EFFFB4FF86FFDC5932FAD4FDFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bollmanella bombus Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bollmanella bombus, new species</p><p>Figs. 111–114</p><p>Types: Male holotype and 2 female paratypes from IDAHO: Idaho Co., Idaho Panhandle National Forests, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.2965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.6325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.2965/lat 47.6325)">Bumblebee Creek</a>, elev. 685 m., 47.6325°N, - 116.2965°W, collected 6 November 2004, by W. Leonard, C. Richart, J. Baugh from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Tsuga heterophylla, Populus trichocarpa, Abies grandis, Pinus monticola, and Rubus parviflorus . Gonopods of the holotype male are on SEM stub WS30-15, deposited with the specimen (CAS).</p><p>Diagnosis: Distinct from other Bollmanella species in the two thin branches of the posterior gonopod coxites and a basal, bulbous projection from the posterior gonopod prefemur. This species also occurs at a considerable distance from the coastal Oregon and Washington distribution of the other known species, and is one of the smallest conotylids yet described.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is the Latin generic name of some bumblebee species, and refers to the type locality, Bumblebee Creek.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 4.5 mm. Ten or 12 ocelli in three rows, the rows diminishing in length ventrally. Color uniform pale tan. Segmental shoulders moderately developed; metazonital setae small, spatulate. Pregonopodal legpairs three and four much enlarged but lacking knobs. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 111, 113) short, broad, curved at tip, with short process posteriorly in distal third. Posterior gonopods with setose swelling basal, posterior on prefemora; coxites (Figs. 112, 114) two-branched, posterior branch with few small distal teeth or fimbriae, anterior branch with distal hook. Legpair 10 with coxae swollen, glandular; legpair 11 with dorsally directed, small prefemoral lobes.</p><p>Female 5 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: This species, at 4.5 mm extended length in the males, is one of the smallest of conotylids. Several immature specimens were part of the type collection, interestingly their metazonital setae were longer and acute, rather than short and spatulate as in the adults. Possibly they represent another, unrecognized, syntopic species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB4FF86FFDC5932FAD4FDFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFB6FFB9FFDC5F98FE98FF65.text	131D87EFFFB6FFB9FFDC5F98FE98FF65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bollmanella washingtonensis Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bollmanella washingtonensis, new species</p><p>Figs. 115–117</p><p>Types: Male holotype, male paratype and two female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Mason Co., W Beerbower Road, at W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.4706&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.1001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.4706/lat 47.1001)">Schafer State Park</a> Road, elev. 45 m., 47.1001°N, - 123.4706°W, collected 31 December 2004, by W. Leonard .</p><p>Diagnosis: Unlike any other species of Bollmanella, B. washingtonensis has pregonopodal legpairs three to seven enlarged, and pairs five through seven with femoral knobs.</p><p>Etymology: The species name notes that this species is endemic to Washington.</p><p>Description: Male paratype: Length, 10.5 mm. 18–20 ocelli in rounded, triangular eyepatch. Color pale tan, mottled light purplish brown. Segmental shoulders prominent, metazonital setae long, acute. Pregonopodal legpairs three to seven strongly encrassate, legpairs five, six and seven with femoral knobs. Anterior gonopods (Fig. 115) slender, widely divergent, prominently curved near midlength, with acute subapical process as in the foregoing species. Posterior gonopods (Fig. 117) with relatively short telopodites, coxites (Figs. 116, 117) two-branched, posterior branch shorter, tapering, curved laterad, anteromesal branch distally bifurcate, one terminal four times broader than other, slightly curved. Legpairs 10 and 11 as usual for genus.</p><p>Female 11 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co., Middle Satsop Road 2 mi N of Brady near Satsop River, elev. 20 m., 47.0245°N, - 123.5196°W, under maple leaves, 3 January 2003, W. Leonard et al., mm; 10 mi N of US- 12, East band of Wynoochee River, ca. 47.0920°N, - 123.6798°W (estimated coordinates measured 10.0 mi N of US- 12 along Wynoochee Valley Rd), under maple leaves, 3 January 2003, W. Leonard et al., m f; Canyon River, 6 mi W, 1.25 mi N of Matlock, ca. 47.2585°N, - 123.5271°W, in maple and fern litter, 17 January 2003, W. Leonard et al., mm ff; Garrard Road at Weyerhaeuser D-line, elev. 45 m., ca. 46.8041°N, - 123.3033°W, 7 February 2005, W. Leonard, mm ff. Thurston Co., Capitol State Forest, 2 mi S of Rock Candy Mountain, ca. 46.9809°N, - 123.1090°W (estimated coordinates taken from 2 air mi S of Rock Candy Mountain summit), 10 December 2002, W. Leonard et al., mm; Summit Lake, elev. 138 m., 47.0526°N, - 123.1304°W, 18 December 2004, W. Leonard, m f; McAllister Springs S of Steilacoom Rd SE, elev. 50 m., 47.0472°N, - 122.7286°W, 7 February 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Acer macrophyllum, Alnus rubra, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, Polystichum munitum, and Mahonia nervosa, mm f; St. Martin’s College Campus, Woodland Creek, elev. 92 m., 47.0416°N, - 122.8134°W, 12 February 2003, W. Leonard, mm ff. King Co., I-90 at Snoqualmie River, Twin Falls/Iron Horse trailhead, elev. 370 m., 47.4410°N, - 121.6687°W, 25 February 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m f; Along Holder Creek, SR-18 1.5 mi N of the Issaquah exit near Hobart, elev. 310 m., 47.4522°N, - 121.9535°W, 25 February 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m f; Ollalie State Park, elev. 380 m., 47.4364°N, - 121.6594°W, 25 February 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m f; FR-9034 near Granite Mountain Trailhead, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, elev. 580 m., 47.3977°N, -121.4855, 27 October 2007, W. Leonard, mm f; same as previous but 26 March 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m; same as previous but 25 October 2003, m. Cowlitz Co., SR-504 2.1 mi E of Toutle, elev. 152 m., 46.3483°N, - 122.7066°W, 1 March 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Alnus rubra, Acer macrophyllum, and Polystichum munitum, m f. Jefferson Co., Falls View Campground, Olympic National Forest, US-101 7.8 mi NW of Brinnon, elev. 150 m., 47.7893°N, - 122.9255°W, 22 February 2003, W. Leonard, m f. Pacific Co., Ellsworth Creek Nature Society Preserve, old growth forest, 14 March 2003, elev. 25 m., 46.3981°N, - 123.8898°W, W. Leonard et al., m ff; same as previous but 23 November 2003, W. Leonard et al., mm; Trap Creek Road/B-line 1.1 mi S of SR-6, elev. 58 m., 46.5432°N, - 123.6151°W, 19 November 2005, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm ff; same as previous but 1.9 mi S of SR-6, elev. 65 m, 46.5401°N, - 123.6296°W.</p><p>Notes: This widespread species could be considered as a Taiyutyla, since the pregonopodal leg modifications do not conform to the other species of Bollmanella . Nevertheless, the form of the gonopods indicates that it belongs in the latter genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFB6FFB9FFDC5F98FE98FF65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF88FFBAFFDC5E4DFB1BFDFD.text	131D87EFFF88FFBAFFDC5E4DFB1BFDFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bollmanella leonardi Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bollmanella leonardi, new species</p><p>Figs. 118–120</p><p>Types: Male holotype and female paratype from WASHINGTON: Cowlitz Co., SR-503 1.5 m W of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.5901&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.9518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.5901/lat 45.9518)">Lake Merwin Dam</a>, elev. 80 m., 45.9518°N, - 122.5901°W, collected 21 November 2004 by W. Leonard (CAS) .</p><p>Diagnosis: The posterior gonopod coxites of this species are similar to those of the other two described above, but the main branch has the characteristic form of a bird’s head, while the anterior gonopods are unique in their rugose apices.</p><p>Etymology: We are happy to name yet another species for our friend and colleague William P. Leonard, an expert in terrestrial mollusks who has taken the trouble to collect large numbers of millipedes in the Pacific Northwest, most of them belonging to new taxa.</p><p>Description: Male from SR-503 near Lake Merwin Dam: Length, 5.0 mm. 18 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with moderately well-developed shoulders on all but 28–30. Color cream-white, marked anteriorly with purplish brown. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, mesal knobs present only on femora seven. Anterior gonopods (Fig. 118) stout, apical process acute, irregularly roughened; distinct angular median shoulder subterminally. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 119, 120) slender, curved, with two thin basal branches, the anteriormost the longest, terminus of main branch resembling a bird’s head. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 6.5 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Cowlitz Co., Pin Creek, Kool Road 0.4 mi W of Fish Pond Road, elev. 120 m., 46.0739°N, - 122.8469°W, 25 January 2004, C. Richart, W. Leonard, mm f (CAS). Thurston Co., McAllister Creek S of Steilacoom Road SE, elev. 50 m., 47.0617°N, - 122.7320°W, 11 December 2004, W. Leonard, m (CAS).</p><p>Notes: The anterior gonopods are rather similar to the Taiyutyla pattern. Unfortunately limited material did not permit SEM examination, but the drawings provided will allow clear identification of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF88FFBAFFDC5E4DFB1BFDFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF8BFFBAFFDC5DB1FD42F8E9.text	131D87EFFF8BFFBAFFDC5DB1FD42F8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia Loomis & Schmitt 1971	<div><p>Brunsonia Loomis &amp; Schmitt, 1971</p><p>Brunsonia Loomis &amp; Schmitt, 1971:122 . Type species Brunsonia albertana (Chamberlin, 1920), by original designation of its junior synonym Brunsonia complexipes Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971 .</p><p>Conotyla, Shear, 1971 (“Atrolineata group,” not Conotyla Cook &amp; Collins 1895): 80; 1976:5.</p><p>Diagnosis: Moderate-sized conotylids (10–15 mm long) distinct from other genera of the subfamily Conotylinae in the mostly reduced anterior gonopods coupled with the complex coxites of the posterior gonopods.</p><p>Notes: The genus includes the previously described species Brunsonia albertana (Chamberlin, 1920) and B. atrolineata (Bollman, 1893) . The latter species is known from western British Columbia, Canada; Shear (1971) failed to give specific collection data but mentioned Yoho, Glacier, and Mt. Robson National Parks. We have no new records of this species. Brunsonia albertana is a senior synonym of the designated type species, B. complexipes (Shear 1971), and occurs in southern Alberta and northwestern Montana (Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971). Again, Shear (1971) does not provide detailed collection records but mentions Banff and Jasper National Parks. Records given below extend the distribution to western Washington and Oregon in the United States. The four new species described herein are all from the United States and represent considerable extensions of the generic range.</p><p>The gonopods of Brunsonia species show variations on a common theme. The anterior gonopods are small in some species, but nearly the size of the posterior gonopod coxites in at least one ( B. pulchra, n. sp.), in which they also approach the form of the anterior gonopods of Taiyutyla species. However, the posterior gonopod coxites are far more complicated in this species than in almost any other conotylid, fitting the Brunsonia plan. Except for B. digitata, n. sp., the anterior gonopods have an anteriolateral lobe set with small nodules, and all species have a deep pit or pore posteriolaterally in the anterior gonopods, with a narrow channel running from it to the tip of the gonopod; in B. chelanoparva, n. sp., this channel seems also to be occupied by a hair-like, grooved filament. We think this pit or pore is homologous with pores and gland openings that appear on the posterior gonopod coxites and tenth legpair, and which are also present in other species of conotylids.</p><p>The posterior gonopod coxites bear multiple features. The body of the coxa is globular, even swollen on the posterior side, and with one or two fimbriate branches on the lateral side. The coxite itself is massive, with various terminalia differing in each species; in B. albertana and B. chelanoparva, n. sp., there is a region set with irregular, distinct nodules. A long process (process a) extends laterally, and just dorsal to it is another process (c) with a pore at its base and a long channel leading from the pore along the process. Process b may be multiple, and may or may not parallel a, but when present it is shorter than a and is often “fuzzy” and set with many small cuticular projections. Modifications of the femora of the male pregonopodal legs range from none to knobs on pairs three to six.</p><p>New records of a previously described species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF8BFFBAFFDC5DB1FD42F8E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF8BFFBBFFDC58A7FC63FCC6.text	131D87EFFF8BFFBBFFDC58A7FC63FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia albertana (Chamberlin 1920)	<div><p>Brunsonia albertana (Chamberlin, 1920)</p><p>Figs. 121–137</p><p>Conotyla albertana Chamberlin, 1920:167 . Shear, 1971:82.</p><p>Brunsonia complexipes Loomis &amp; Schmitt, 1971:122 .</p><p>New records: MONTANA: Missoula Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Lindbergh Lake</a> Campground, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Flathead National Forest</a>, elev. 1320 m., T19 N, R17 W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Sec</a> 19 NENE, ca. 47.4070°N, - 113.7211°W, 25 September 2006, P. Hendricks, mm f?. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Saunders Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">East Fork of Bull River</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Cabinet Mountains</a> Wilderness, elev. 1000 m., T27 N, R32 W, Sec. 3 SESE, ca. 48.1385°N, - 115.6886°W, 11 October 2006, P. Hendricks, m. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Lincoln Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Gordon Creek</a> at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Callahan Creek</a> Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Kootenai National Forest</a>, elev. 890 m., T31 N, R34 W, Sec. 19WNW, ca. 48.4462°N, - 115.9860°W, 12 October 2006, P. Hendricks, m f. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Lake Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">Swan River State Forest</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8602" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7326/lat 47.8602)">South Fork of Lost Creek</a>, elev. 1350 m., T24 N, R17 W, Sec. 11 SENW, ca. 47.8602°N, - 113.7326°W, 26 September 2006, P. Hendricks, m f . WASHINGTON: Spokane Co., Riverside State Park Bowl &amp; Pitcher, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.5004&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.7002" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.5004/lat 47.7002)">Spokane</a>, elev. 520 m., ca. 47.7002°N, - 117.5004°W, 1 November 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, J. Baugh, m . OREGON: Umatilla Co., Umatilla National Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.0094&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.9442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.0094/lat 45.9442)">Kendall Skyline Road</a> (FS- 64) 0.4 mi N of FS-65, elev. 1725 m., 45.9719°N, - 117.9534°W, W. Leonard, mm ff; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.0094&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.9442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.0094/lat 45.9442)">Umatilla National Forest</a>, FS- 65 0.4 mi E of Tiger Creek Road, elev. 1520 m., 45.9442°N, - 118.0094°W, 24 October 2003, W. Leonard, f .</p><p>Notes: The figures given here of Spokane, Washington (Figs. 121–127) and Umatilla County, Oregon (Figs. 128–135) specimens deviate somewhat from the description and illustrations of the species given by Shear (1971). This may represent geographic variation or may be due to viewing the gonopods (particularly the complicated posterior gonopod coxites) from slightly differing angles. Alternatively, genetic studies may eventually reveal that this variation represents distinct species. Illustrations (Figs. 136, 137) of a specimen from Missoula Co., Montana, seem closer to the figures in Shear (1971) and Loomis and Schmitt (1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF8BFFBBFFDC58A7FC63FCC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF8AFFBCFFDC5CF3FBC8FF46.text	131D87EFFF8AFFBCFFDC5CF3FBC8FF46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia pulchra Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Brunsonia pulchra, new species</p><p>Figs. 138–152</p><p>Types: Male holotype, four male and four female paratypes from IDAHO: Kootenai Co., Beauty Creek, Idaho <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.6453&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.6031" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.6453/lat 47.6031)">Panhandle National Forests</a>, elev., 900 m., 47.6031°N, - 116.6453°W, collected 6 November 2004, by W. Leonard, C. Richart, J. Baugh from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Tsuga heterophylla, Rubus parviflorus, Thuja plicata, Prunus emarginata, moss-covered boulders, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Taxus brevifolia .</p><p>Diagnosis: Brunsonia pulchra is the larger of two conotylid species found in the vicinity of Beauty Creek, about 13–14.5 mm long, as opposed to 10–11 mm for Taiyutyla amicitia, described above. The extraordinary complexity of the male posterior gonopod coxites separates it from all others.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is an adjective referring to the type locality, site of the discovery of several additional new millipede species of other families yet to be described, and also to the complex coxites of the posterior gonopods of males.</p><p>Description: Paratype male from Beauty Creek: Length, 14.0 mm. Twenty-two ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with low shoulders on all trunk rings except the last few. Color light brown, marked darker purplish brown, markings more distinct anteriorly. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, mesal knobs present on all femora except seventh; knob a low swelling on third, large and distal on fourth, distal and small on fifth, large and distal on sixth femora (Figs. 148–152). Anterior gonopods (Figs. 138, 139, 142, 143, 144–146) with a strong, mesobasal branch tipped with small cuticular projections (Fig. 143), main branch with shallowly hooked tip. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 140, 141, 147) complicated, mesally with densely fimbriate region, usual fimbriate branch displaced to lateral side, mesally with two thin, clavate branches and hastate process bearing many leaf-like projections. Posterior gonopod sternum elongated between coxites; telopodite prefemur strongly clavate. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 prefemora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 14.5 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: IDAHO: Kootenai Co., Idaho Panhandle National Forests, Beauty Creek, Beauty Creek Road (FS-438) 1.3 mi SE of SR-97, elev. 720 m., 47.6015°N, - 116.6579°W, 18 October 2009, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter and woody debris of a Pseudotsuga menziesii forest with moss-covered talus, 3mm 2ff.</p><p>Notes: This species seems closer to B. atrolineata than to B. albertana, based on the form of the anterior gonopods. At Beauty Creek it is syntopic with Taiyutyla amicitia, n. sp.; see the notes on that species for details.</p><p>The process on the posterior gonopod coxite with distal leaf-like projections is not easily seen in the SEM illustrations (Fig. 141) but was clear in the microscope slide preparations. (Fig.147).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF8AFFBCFFDC5CF3FBC8FF46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF81FFB1FFDC5F98FB34FDA1.text	131D87EFFF81FFB1FFDC5F98FB34FDA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia digitata Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Brunsonia digitata, new species</p><p>Figs. 153–158</p><p>Types: Male holotype from WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co., FS-2153 5.3 mi N of Kelley Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.5081&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.3035" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.5081/lat 47.3035)">Canyon River</a> basin, elev. 160 m., 47.3035°N, - 123.5081°W, collected 12 December 2004, by W. Leonard .</p><p>Diagnosis: This species is unique among others of Brunsonia due to the lack of femoral knobs on any of the male pregonopodal legs.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is an adjective referring to the fingerlike projection on the anterior gonopods.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 9.0 mm. 19–21 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with well-developed shoulders on all trunk segments, on midbody segments shoulders nearly level with midline dorsum, with angular posterior corners, segmental setae quite short, spatulate to clavate. Legpairs three to seven encrassate, prefemora curved, pair three the largest, with conspicuously swollen femora mesally depressed (Fig. 157), only femora 5 with knobs (Fig. 158); legpair 2 smaller than legpair three, but also encrassate, femoral knobs absent. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 153, 155) upright, parallel, lobe-like, posterior surface wrinkled, with distinctive lateroposterior fingerlike branch. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 154, 156) complex, mesally with 3 or 4 long, thin pseudoflagella, main body of coxite with deep groove, coxite tip with two recurved teeth. Legpair 10 enlarged, with glands, legpair 11 prefemora with dorsally directed stout processes.</p><p>Females not collected.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co., same as type locality except 13 October 2003. Jefferson Co., Queets River Road 5.8 mi E of US-101, elev. 90 m., 47.5724°N, - 124.1356°W, 13 February 2005, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Alnus rubra, Tsuga heterophylla, and Polystichum munitum, m.</p><p>Notes: Most of the usual processes posterior on the posterior gonopod coxite seem to be absent in this species; the labelling of the figures reflects speculations about process identity. The anterior gonopod is also unusual, but taking all things under consideration, Brunsonia seems to be the best placement for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF81FFB1FFDC5F98FB34FDA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF80FFB2FFDC5D87FA6BFF49.text	131D87EFFF80FFB2FFDC5D87FA6BFF49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia wenatchee Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Brunsonia wenatchee, new species</p><p>Figs. 159–167</p><p>Types: Male holotype, five male and two female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Kittitas Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.848&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.3482" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.848/lat 47.3482)">Wenatchee National Forest</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.848&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.3482" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.848/lat 47.3482)">North Fork Teanaway River</a> at the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.848&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.3482" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.848/lat 47.3482)">Stafford Creek</a> confluence, elev. 835 m., 47.3482°N, - 120.8480°W, collected 14 October 2004, by W. Leonard, J. Baugh (CAS) .</p><p>Diagnosis: No other species of Brunsonia has a long, blade-like lateral branch on the coxite of male posterior gonopods; the distal segment of the male posterior gonopod telopodite is shorter than the proximal, which attaches to the coxa by a narrowed stem.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet is a noun in apposition, referring to the type locality in the Wenatchee National Forest, Washington.</p><p>Description: Male paratype: Length, 10.0 mm. 22 ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with moderately well-developed shoulders on all but 28–30. Color tan, marked with dark purplish brown, marking uniform along trunk. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, mesal knobs present basally on femora four to six, on femora three lower, basal swellings. Knobs of femora four to six set with small, cuticular teeth (Figs. 163–167). Anterior gonopods (Figs. 159, 161) slender, acuminate, terminally hooked, with short, posterior subterminal branch finely toothed. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 160, 162) robust, complex, with lateral blade-like branch, subterminal branch short, ending in tuft of cuticular filaments. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 6.5 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: The anterior gonopod is very unusual for a species of Brunsonia, but the deep pit in the gonopod and the complicated posterior gonopod coxites argue for its placement here. There appears to be a pore enveloped in the posterior, slightly fimbriate branch of the anterior gonopod. We were not able to reliably homologize the processes of the posterior gonopod with the typical pattern (see illustrations of B. albertana, above). More study is required.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF80FFB2FFDC5D87FA6BFF49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF82FFB4FFDC5F98FD97FC38.text	131D87EFFF82FFB4FFDC5F98FD97FC38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia chelanoparva Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Brunsonia chelanoparva, new species</p><p>Figs. 168–172</p><p>Types: Male holotype, five male paratypes and nine female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Chelan Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.9699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.216/lat 47.9699)">Lake Chelan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.9699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.216/lat 47.9699)">Wenatchee National Forest</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.9699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.216/lat 47.9699)">Fields Point</a>, elev. 360 m., 47.9699°N, - 120.2160°W, collected 26 October 2007, by W. Leonard, J. Baugh .</p><p>Diagnosis: The anterior gonopods are roughly similar to those of B. albertana, but more acute at the tip and with a short, anterior branch, while the posterior gonopod coxites are less complex, relatively smaller than that species, and with a very prominent warty area on the main branch.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is a combination of Lake Chelan, the type locality, and Latin parvus, noting the fact that it is the smaller of two species of Brunsonia syntopic there.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 12.5 mm. 21–23 ocelli in triangular patch. Metazonites with well-developed shoulders on all trunk segments, on midbody segments shoulders slightly below midline dorsum, with angular posterior corners, segmental setae acute, curved, moderately long. Color pale to medium brown, with well-defined dark purplish brown spots on segmental shoulders, lateral prozonites, less well-defined spots on either side of midline. Legpairs three to seven slightly encrassate compared to postgonopodal legs, femoral knobs on legpairs 4 and 5 only. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 168, 170, 171) very similar to those of B. albertana, but apically more acute, anterolateral rugose area less so. Channel from pore to gonopod tip occupied by long, filamentous pseudoflagellum (Fig. 171). Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 169, 172) massive, channeled branch somewhat reduced, basal process displaced toward body of coxa, other branches apparently absent. Posterior gonopod prefemora distinctly clavate. Legpair 10 enlarged, with glands, legpair 11 prefemora with dorsally directed stout processes.</p><p>Female 12.5–13.0 mm long, nonsexual characters similar to male.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: The filamentous structure occupying the posterior groove of the anterior gonopod is not known from any other species. It is hollow or possibly channeled, with a pore opening at the tip, which is slightly flared. The species and the following were in a mixed collection and when sorted out by size proved to be two different species. It is unusual to have two species of the same genus syntopic; perhaps each has distinct microhabitat preferences that were not recorded on the collection label.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF82FFB4FFDC5F98FD97FC38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF85FFB4FFDC5CF8FC42F8D0.text	131D87EFFF85FFB4FFDC5CF8FC42F8D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia chelanomagna Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Brunsonia chelanomagna, new species</p><p>Figs. 180, 181</p><p>Types: Male holotype, five male and 11 female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Chelan Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.9699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.216/lat 47.9699)">Lake Chelan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.9699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.216/lat 47.9699)">Wenatchee National Forest</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.216&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.9699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.216/lat 47.9699)">Fields Point</a>, elev. 360 m., 47.9699°N, - 120.2160°W, collected 26 October 2007, by W. Leonard, J. Baugh .</p><p>Diagnosis: Distinct from the syntopic B. chelanoparva in the distinctly pyramidal anterior gonopods, the posterior gonopod coxites lacking process a, and in having femoral knobs on legpairs 3 and 4, as opposed to 4 and 5.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is a combination of Lake Chelan, the type locality, and Latin magna, noting the fact that it is the larger of two species of Brunsonia syntopic there.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 15–15.5 mm. Nineteen ocelli in triangular patch. Metazonites with poorly developed shoulders on all trunk segments, segmental setae short, acute, curved. Color pale tan, with transverse bands of purplish brown on metazonites, pale spot surrounding outermost segmental setae, similar but lighter bands on prozonites. Legpairs three to seven encrassate as usual, femoral knobs present on legpairs three and four. Anterior gonopods (Fig. 180) broad at base, quickly tapering to acute tip, tip posteriorly curved, dorsolateral pit large, deep, channel to tip of gonopod trending first lateral, then posterior, ending on short, subapical process. Posterior gonopod coxites (Fig. 181) with finger-like projection at tip, strongly curved posteriolaterally, process a evidently lacking, channeled process large, prominent, with large pore basally, rugose or warty area small, restricted. Posterior gonopod prefemur clavate. Legpair 10 enlarged, with glands, legpair 11 prefemora with dorsally directed, curved processes.</p><p>Female 15.0–16.0 mm long, nonsexual characters similar to those of male.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: The anterior gonopods are closer in form to those of B. pulchra, but less complex at the tips. As noted above, this species is syntopic with B. chelanoparva at the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF85FFB4FFDC5CF8FC42F8D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF85FFB6FFDC58A0FC54FD35.text	131D87EFFF85FFB6FFDC58A0FC54FD35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia selwayana Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Brunsonia selwayana, new species</p><p>Figs. 173–179, 190, 191</p><p>Types: Male holotype and female paratype from IDAHO: Idaho Co., O’Hara Campground, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.5154&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.0845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.5154/lat 46.0845)">Selway River Road</a> 6.7 mi SE of US-12, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.5154&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.0845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.5154/lat 46.0845)">Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forests</a>, elev. 475 m., 46.0845°N, - 115.5154°W, collected 12 April 2003, by W. Leonard, from the forest litter of a mixed forest including Thuja plicata, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Alnus cf. rubra, Populus trichocarpa, Rubus parviflorus, and moss, (CAS) . Male paratype, same as previous, collected 14 October 2006, by W. Leonard, C. Richart, A. Fusek (CAS) .</p><p>Diagnosis: The posterior gonopod colpocoxites are unique and appear somewhat reduced compared to other Brunsonia . Both this species and the following are distinct from the others in having a prominent, oblong femoral process on male legpair five, while pairs three, six and seven lack femoral processes. The anterior gonopods of B. benewah, n. sp. have a posterior process that is lacking in the present species.</p><p>Etymology: The O’Hara Campground is located on the Selway River, hence the adjectival species epithet.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 10.0 mm. Twenty ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with low shoulders on all trunk rings from three to 25. Color light brown, lightly marked darker purplish brown, markings more distinct anteriorly. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, mesal knobs present only on femora four and five, mesal on both (Figs. 175–179). Anterior gonopods (Fig. 173, 190) simple, curved, with median basal process well-developed. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 181, 191) complex, with short, lateral retrorse process, mesal fimbriate region very much reduced; subterminal process, curved, thin, acute, terminal process with two lamellate divisions reflexed. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Female 10 mm long, similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: This species has been collected only at the type locality.</p><p>Notes: Lack of material prevented SEM examination. The posterior gonopod coxites are unique among Brunsonia species and it is difficult to homologize the processes with the standard pattern, as set by B. albertana . However, the process labeled a in Fig. 181 may actually be that process. The channeled process seems obsolete, but there is a small pore subapically (not shown in the drawings but observed later).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF85FFB6FFDC58A0FC54FD35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF87FFB6FFDC5DFCFD8CF9E9.text	131D87EFFF87FFB6FFDC5DFCFD8CF9E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brunsonia benewah Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Brunsonia benewah, new species</p><p>Figs. 183–189</p><p>Types: Male holotype and two male paratypes from IDAHO: Benewah Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.5373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.0674" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.5373/lat 47.0674)">East Fork Charlie Creek</a>, Idaho <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.5373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.0674" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.5373/lat 47.0674)">Panhandle National Forests</a>, 3.25 mi S, 2.75 mi E of Emida, elev. 945 m, ca. 47.0674°N, - 116.5373°W, collected 17 September 1978, by A. L. Johnson (FSCA) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Unlike any other Brunsonia species, B. benewah has low, minutely toothed distal processes on the prefemora, not the femora, of the sixth and seventh legpair. Otherwise it is close to the preceding species in having femoral knobs on legpairs four and five, with the one on five being large and oblong, and fairly complicated posterior gonopod coxites. See the above species for further distinctions.</p><p>Etymology: The name is a noun in apposition after Benewah County, Idaho.</p><p>Description: Male paratype: Length, 9.5 mm. Seventeen ocelli in triangular eyepatch. Metazonites with low shoulders on all trunk rings from three to 25. Color light brown, lightly marked darker purplish brown, markings more distinct anteriorly. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, mesal knobs present only on femora four and five, mesal and large on both, as in B. selwayana (see above). Anterior gonopods (Figs. 182, 183) with low, triangular mesobasal projections, distinct acute tooth lateral about midlength. Posterior gonopod coxites (Fig. 184) complex, with a large, distally attenuate laterobasal branch; fimbriate area reduced, subtended by cuticular teeth; terminal process single, helically curved. Legpair 10 coxae of normal size, with small glands, legpair 11 femora with long, thin, dorsally directed knobs.</p><p>Females not collected.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: We had too little material to prepare for SEM study. This species and the one above are probably peripheral to the genus as a whole, based on the rather large and well-developed anterior gonopods, but seem to us best placed here. We are hopeful that at some time in the future, genetic evidence may clarify the relative positions of the species now placed in this complex genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF87FFB6FFDC5DFCFD8CF9E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF87FFB7FFDC59C9FA82FEDD.text	131D87EFFF87FFB7FFDC59C9FA82FEDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Complicatella Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Complicatella, new genus</p><p>Type species: Bollmanella complicata Shear, 1971</p><p>Diagnosis: Differs from other genera treated in this paper in the complex posterior gonopod coxites which bear a long, basally arising flagellum and from two to seven variously shaped pseudoflagellar branches.</p><p>Etymology: The genus name is derived from the name of the type species and refers to the complex nature of the posterior gonopod coxites.</p><p>Included species: Besides the type, Complicatella pecteniphora, n. sp., and C. neili, n. sp.</p><p>Distribution: Western Washington, northern Idaho, northern Nevada.</p><p>Notes: This genus seems most closely related to Brunsonia, based on the complex posterior gonopod coxites. However, the anterior gonopods are very different, larger and more complicated and lacking the deep basal pore seen in Brunsonia . The scattered distribution of the genus is somewhat concerning, but further collection may fill in the gaps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF87FFB7FFDC59C9FA82FEDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF86FFA8FFDC5EDDFD3FFA42.text	131D87EFFF86FFA8FFDC5EDDFD3FFA42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Complicatella complicata (Shear 1974) Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Complicatella complicata (Shear, 1974), new combination</p><p>Bollmanella complicata Shear 1974, p. 146 .</p><p>Figs. 192–193</p><p>New Records: WASHINGTON: Thurston Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Black Lake</a> and Belmore Road at 66 th Avenue, Tumwater, elev. 60 m., 46.9889°N, - 122.9659°W, 19 November 2003, W. Leonard, mm; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Hospital Creek</a>, above confluence with <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Skookumchuck River</a>, 5 horiz mi S, 3 horiz mi E of Vail, elev. 245 m., 46.7732°N, - 122.5855°W, 15 December 2003, W. Leonard, K. McAllister, mm ff; Rainier Road SE, 3.0 mi NW of Military Road SE, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Fort Lewis Military Reservation</a>, elev. ca. 100 m., ca. 46.9351°N, - 122.7600°W, 29 November 2003, W. Leonard, m; The Evergreen State College campus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Beach Trail</a> N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Driftwood Road</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Olympia</a>, elev. 30 m., 47.0791°N, - 122.9776°W, 26 January 2003, W. Leonard, mm ff; same as previous but 16 March 2003, mm; same as previous but 23 March 2003; same as previous but 22 December 2003, mm ff; Priest Point Park, Olympia, elev. ca. 65 m., ca. 47.07°N, - 122.89°W, 5 January 2003, W. Leonard, mm f; same as previous but 2 February 2003, m; same as previous but 14 November 2004, mm ff; along Rock Candy Mtn. Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Capitol State Forest</a>, elev. ca. 300 m., 47.0256°N, - 123.0735°W, 18 December 2004, W. Leonard, m. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Grays Harbor Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Porter Creek</a> Campground, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Capitol State Forest</a>, elev. 90 m., 46.9779°N, - 123.2565°W, 24 January 2005, W. Leonard, m. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Cowlitz Co.</a>, Germany Creek Road 5.5 mi N of Stella at SR-4, elev. 110 m., 46.2593°N, - 123.1344°W, 22 November 2003, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm; same as previous but 8 December 2003, m f; same as previous but 11 November 2004, mm ff. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Jefferson Co.</a>, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Dosewallips River</a>, Dosewallips Road 7.0 mi W of US-101, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Olympic National Forest</a>, elev. 115 m., 47.7326°N, - 123.0201°W, 19 November 2003, W. Leonard, m; Falls View Campground, US-101 7.8 mi NW of Brinnon, elev. 150 m., 47.7893°N, - 122.9255°W, 22 February 2003, W. Leonard, m f. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Mason Co.</a>, SR-119 6 mi W of US-101 at Hoodsport, elev. 310 m., 47.7326°N, - 123.2097°W, 7 February 2003, W. Leonard, mm. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">King Co.</a>, FR-9034 near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Granite Mountain</a> Trailhead, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest</a>, elev. 580 m., 47.3977°N, - 121.4855°W, W. Leonard, 27 October 2007, mm f; same as previous but 26 March 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m; same as previous but 25 October 2003. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Lewis Co.</a>, 604 Roswell Road, Centralia, elev. 65 m., 46.7227°N, - 122.9452°W, 25 January 2004, C. Richart, W. Leonard, mm ff; SE end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Riffle Lake</a>, elev. 250 m., 46.4644°N, - 122.1705°W, 9 April 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Slide Creek</a>, Weyerhaeuser 4000 Rd 0.8 mi SW of Pe-Ell-McDonald Rd., elev. 190 m., 46.5250°N, - 123.1913°W, 4 December 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm ff; same as previous but 3 January 2005, W. Leonard; Stillman Basin, 1.8 mi on 4000 Weyerhaeuser from Pe-Ell McDonald Rd., elev. 290 m., 46.5145°N, - 123.2015°W, 4 December 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Thuja plicata, Alnus rubra, Rubus spectabilus, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Polystichum munitum, m f; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">North Fork of Newaukum River</a>, below confluence with Middle Fork, elev. 88 m., 46.6046°N, - 122.8481°W, 29 December 2004, W. Leonard, m. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Notes</a>: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">This</a> species was described from 1 mi W of Bayshore and 4 mi N of Shelton, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Mason Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Washington</a>, and heretofore was known only from the type locality. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">New</a> collecting revealed a much wider distribution, detailed above and in the supplemental KML map, and show this species to be the most widely distributed and most commonly collected conotylid in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">western Washington. All</a> these populations are linked by identical anterior gonopods (Fig. 192), but the posterior gonopod coxites (i.e., Fig. 193) are so complicated that it is difficult to view them from exactly the same angle and make comparisons. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.8481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.8481/lat 46.6046)">Thus</a> it is not possible really to be sure that all collections belong to the same species. This can be worked out later with genetic data.</p><p>Descriptions of new species of Complicatella</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF86FFA8FFDC5EDDFD3FFA42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF99FFAAFFDC590BFA88FF65.text	131D87EFFF99FFAAFFDC590BFA88FF65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Complicatella pectenifera Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Complicatella pectenifera, new species</p><p>Figs. 194, 195, 198–201</p><p>Types: Male holotype and three female paratypes from: IDAHO: Latah Co., E Fork of Meadow Creek Road (FS-1443) at SR-6, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.035" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.6729/lat 47.035)">Mannering Creek</a>, Idaho <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.035" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.6729/lat 47.035)">Panhandle National Forests</a>, elev. 915 m., 47.0350°N, - 116.6729°W, collected 17 October 2009, by W. Leonard, C. Richart from litter and stream-side woody debris in a mixed forest including Thuja plicata, Abies grandis, and Tsuga heterophylla .</p><p>Diagnosis: Like C. complicata, a small species. The gonopods of C. pectenifera, n. sp. are distinctive. The anterior gonopods share the plan of C. complicata, with the tips much more expanded and hooked, while the anterior branch is considerably stouter and a strong median lobe is present. The posterior gonopod coxites are reduced, especially the main branch, and there are numerous pseudoflagella. The mesobasal knob on the posterior gonopod prefemur is not present in other Complicatella species.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet means “comb-bearer” and refers to the comb-like appearance of the 6–8 pseudoflagellae of the posterior gonopod coxites.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 8.0 mm. Ocelli 13–15 in quadrilateral patch. Metazonites with poorly developed shoulders, segmental setae acute. Color pale tan to off-white, irregularly marked darker. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to six somewhat enlarged, podomeres not conspicuously swollen, femora four to six with knobs. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 194, 198) projecting posteriorly, with large median coxal knob, truncate anterior branch; terminus greatly expanded into two hooked lobes. Conspicuous deep pit laterally (Fig. 194). Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 195, 199–201) reduced, main branch as short lamella mostly concealed in posterior view by group of 5–8 pseudoflagella. Femur with mesobasal setose knob. Coxae 10 not enlarged, with glands; prefemora 11 with usual processes.</p><p>Distribution: Known definitively only from the type locality, see Notes.</p><p>Notes: There is some ambiguity about the type locality. In addition to the locality cited above, specimens were also labeled as follows: WASHINGTON: King Co., Snoqualmie National Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.48513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.39702" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.48513/lat 47.39702)">Pratt Lake Trailhead</a>, 1700’ asl, 47°23.821’N, - 121°29.108’W, 15 October 2009, W. Leonard. This location and the Idaho spot are separated by 260 mi (490 km), which raises doubts about which of the two should be the type locality; the gonopods are identical. However, the two collection dates are only 2 days apart, which suggests that the specimens were all taken on the same trip. Possibly one of them is mislabeled (or mislabeling could have taken place in WAS’ laboratory during curation). We decided to use the Idaho locality because those specimens were in two different vials with two distinctly different labels (albeit with the same information), one from William P. Leonard and the other from CHR. Further, the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-121.48513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.39702" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -121.48513/lat 47.39702)">Pratt Lake</a> Trailhead locality is a well-known locality for the congener C. complicata, where it has been collected on three different occasions. Though it is possible that this represents another disjunct distribution between interior and coastal rainforests in the Pacific Northwest as seen in other terrestrial invertebrate taxa (e.g., Richart and Hedin 2013), it seems more likely that this is the result of mislabeling that involved the Washington specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF99FFAAFFDC590BFA88FF65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF9BFFACFFDC5E4CFDC1FEF9.text	131D87EFFF9BFFACFFDC5E4CFDC1FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Complicatella neili Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Complicatella neili, new species</p><p>Figs. 196, 197, 202, 203</p><p>Types: Male holotype and male and female paratypes from NEVADA: Pershing Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.1601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.5551" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.1601/lat 40.5551)">Dragon’s Gate Cave</a>, elev. 2660 m., 40.5551°N, - 118.1601°W, collected 19 August 2008, by Neil Marchington .</p><p>Diagnosis: Unlike the other two species of Complicatella, C. neili has anterior gonopods with an anterior process that is almost as long as the body of the gonopod. The posterior gonopod coxites have the characteristic basally arising, sheathed flagellum but only two pseudoflagella. The ocelli are poorly formed and metazonital shoulders are practically absent.</p><p>Etymology: The species is named for the collector, Neil Marchington, an indefatigable explorer of northwestern caves.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 7.5 mm. Ocelli 13–15 in oblong patch, poorly formed and pigmented (some paratypes have as few as 10 ocelli). Metazonites with no visible shoulders, segmental setae very long, curved, acute. Color white, with some very faint tan shading ventrally on few anterior segments. Legpairs one and two reduced, legpair three enlarged with swollen femur; legpairs four to seven only a little more robust than postgonopodal legs, lacking femoral knobs. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 196, 202) strongly clavate, apically cupped distal to distinct shoulder, with clavate, large, anterior branch. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 197, 201) complex, body of coxa swollen, long, thin flagellum arises mesally near the base, curving sigmoidally into sheathing branch, two long pseudoflagella present, small pore at base of apical expansion of main branch. Coxa 10 not enlarged, with gland. Prefemur 11 with basal process projecting dorsally.</p><p>Female 8.0 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: This species is distant in its location from the others of the genus and its placement may be doubtful. We put it in Complicatella based on the similarities of the gonopods with C. complicata . It was totally unexpected to find a troglobiotic conotylid in the circumstances of the type locality, a barren mountaintop in Nevada in a range surrounded by sagebrush desert. However, its appearance there may be somewhat explained by these habitat notes supplied by Neil Marchington (pers. comm. to WAS, 2018):</p><p>“The Nevada specimens, collected 19 Aug 2008, came from a small cave called Dragon’s Pit in the Humboldt Range of Pershing County, Nevada at 8682 feet elevation. The specimens were clinging to a soft, wet calcite paste on the ceiling of the cave about 60–80 feet from the entrance. The cave is 105 miles NE of Reno or 35 miles SW of Winnemucca. The cave is on a nearly barren limestone peak with scattered sage, gooseberry, rice grass and (strangely) stunted mountain maple. There are stunted juniper growing about 700 feet lower in elevation than the cave. The Humboldt Range was likely nearly an island during the Pleistocene. The projected levels of glacial Lake Lahontan show only a narrow land bridge at the south end of the range connecting to any other land. The confirmed and studied shoreline puts at least 50% of the range as a shoreline area (the west and north sides were for sure).”</p><p>“The climate history of the region can be summarized fairly easily. About 4 million years ago, the Sierra Nevada Range started to rapidly uplift forming a massive fault block. The peaks started increasingly taking more of the Pacific moisture. This process led to the massive desert regions such as Carson, Great Basin and Mohave. The Ice Age’s lower temps allowed the water that did get through to exceed evaporation in the Great Basin and Mohave. Giant lakes like Lahontan filled most of the basins, and crept over modern passes, forming vast waterways surrounding many mountain ranges entirely. The Humboldt Range was a giant island in this lake. We know from archaeological sites the region had vast marshlands where the natives hunted ducks and other animals. Tule reeds were used in many native artifacts, such as duck decoys, baskets, and sandals. Many of the higher peaks were glaciated, particularly the eastern Sierra Nevada.”</p><p>“Around 14,000 years ago, the Wisconsin Glaciation was waning. As temperatures rose, the basins gradually started to lose water each year. There were at least pockets of ice age megafauna, such as short-nosed bears, lurking in the mountains as recently as ~8000 years ago, but most of the population was probably gone around 10,000 years ago. The desertification of the area seems to be continuing and possibly accelerating. There are studies monitoring plant communities moving to higher elevations in the region. Most of the Ponderosa groves in Nevada are of 200-year-old trees, with nothing younger present. Even 500 years ago, Ponderosa were growing in lower areas in the Mohave, where only cacti grow today. Douglas Fir cones have been found in 30,000 year old middens throughout areas of Arizona, Nevada, and Utah where there are only cacti or juniper today.”</p><p>The geological and climatic history of Lake Lahontan is summarized in Morrison (1963).</p><p>So the clear suggestion is, as with so many other arthropods now limited to caves, that the ancestors of the present population lived on the surface during a moist glacial maximum, and were also able to occupy caves. With the drying and warming starting 140 centuries ago, surface populations were gradually extinguished, leaving only those in the hospitable, buffered environment of the caves. Subsequently the remnant population developed the modest troglobiotic adaptations we see today.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF9BFFACFFDC5E4CFDC1FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF9DFFACFFDC5EB8FD2FF995.text	131D87EFFF9DFFACFFDC5EB8FD2FF995.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella, new genus</p><p>Type species: Bollmanella bifurcata Shear, 1974</p><p>Diagnosis: This genus is distinguished from other conotylines by two features of the gonopods in combination. The anterior gonopods are composed of two branches which occupy lateral and mesal positions. Except for one species, the lateral branch is the longest and usually has a more or less complicated tip, while the mesal branch may be short, of medium length, or long and is always simple. The posterior gonopod coxites carry a flagellar or pseudoflagellar basal branch, which, unlike other genera, arises laterally on the coxite, is strongly sinuous and more or less fimbriate towards its tip.</p><p>Etymology: The genus name is derived from the species epithet of the type species, referring to the anterior gonopods.</p><p>Notes: Besides the type, Bifurcatella unca (Shear, 1974), new combination, and the following new species. With regard to the form of the gonopods, the species of this genus conform well to a common pattern. The anterior gonopods are upright, with mesal and lateral branches. The lateral branch (L, Fig. 206) may be considered the main body of the gonopod and is either acute, flared or branched at its tip. The mesal branch (M, Fig. 206) ranges from only about a sixth the length of the lateral to longer than the lateral and is always simple and cylindrical. The posterior gonopod coxites have a characteristic flagellar or pseudoflagellar (we are not sure if it is movable or not) process (pf, Fig. 207) that arises basolaterally and curves around the posterior side of the coxite, describing various curves. This process is robust at its base but tapers to a very fine point and is often fimbriate over at least part of its distal surface. The pseudoflagellar process is usually enclosed in a fimbriate sheath (sh, Fig. 205, 207). On the mesal side of the coxite about midway in its length a fimbriate process (fp, Fig. 207) is seen, which subtends a pore. The main body of the coxite is decurved near its tip and divided into two or three processes. The modifications of the male pregonopodal legs are various.</p><p>We cannot be sure that the big pseudoflagellar branch of the posterior gonopod coxites of Bifurcatella is homologous to the T-shaped branch found in nearly the same position in Taiyutyla, but it is tempting to think so, and to infer that the two genera may share a common ancestral form. Further evidence lies in the resemblance of the T-shaped branch of T. napa to the pseudoflagellar branch in Bifurcatella species.</p><p>New records of a previously described species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF9DFFACFFDC5EB8FD2FF995	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF9DFFAEFFDC5938FD59FF2D.text	131D87EFFF9DFFAEFFDC5938FD59FF2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella bifurcata (Shear 1974) Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella bifurcata (Shear, 1974), new combination</p><p>Figs. 204, 205</p><p>New records: Bollmanella bifurcata Shear 1974, p. 143 . OREGON: Umatilla Co., Umatilla National Forest, FS- 65 0.4 mi E of Tiger Creek Road, elev. 1520 m., 45.9442°N, - 118.0094°W, 24 October 2003, W. Leonard, mm ff. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.7988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.4134" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.7988/lat 45.4134)">Union Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.7988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.4134" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.7988/lat 45.4134)">Little Indian Creek</a>, 8 mi N of Cove, ca. 45.4134°N, - 117.7988°W (estimated coordinates taken from 8 air mi N of Cove along FS-6205), 10 September 1977, R. K. Johnson, mm ff (2 vials, FSCA) .</p><p>Notes: This species was originally described (Shear 1974) from 2 mi west of Joseph, along Hurricane Creek, Wallowa Co., Oregon, from specimens collected 23 November 1968. The new records are consistent with a range encompassing northeastern Oregon. In Fig. 204, the mesal branch of the anterior gonopod has been broken; it is normally about half the length of the lateral branch .</p><p>Descriptions of new species of Bifurcatella</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF9DFFAEFFDC5938FD59FF2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF9FFFAFFFDC5FE0FC68FA79.text	131D87EFFF9FFFAFFFDC5FE0FC68FA79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella olympiana Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella olympiana, new species</p><p>Figs. Figs. 206–208</p><p>Types: Male holotype and male and female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Thurston Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.9821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.0454" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.9821/lat 47.0454)">Olympia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.9821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.0454" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.9821/lat 47.0454)">Allison Springs</a>, elev., 55 m., 47.0454°N, - 122.9821°W, collected 4 December 2004, by W. Leonard, C. Richart .</p><p>Diagnosis: Separable from all congeners in that the mesal branch of the anterior gonopod is as long as (and from some angles may appear longer than) the lateral branch and is curved and acute at the tip as opposed to straight and blunt.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is an adjective referring to the city of Olympia, Washington, from which many records of this species are known.</p><p>Description: Holotype male: Length, 11.5 mm. 20–22 ocelli in triangular eye group. Metazonites with moderately well-developed shoulders, segmental setae curved, acute. Color light grayish brown, marked darker purplish brown; from above four dark spots on each ring give the impression of a dark median stripe. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven thickened; femoral knobs distal on femora four to seven. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 206, 208) with two subequal branches, lateral branch decurved and expanded at tip, mesal branch tapering, decurved and acute at tip. Posterior gonopod coxites (Fig. 207, 209) with pseudoflagellar branch uniquely “kinked” about midlength, firmbriate branch small, pore mesal of fimbriate branch. Body of coxite with broad serrate lamella, two subterminal hooks, slightly expanded tip. Coxae 10 and prefemora 11 as usual.</p><p>Female 11.0 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Thurston Co., Rainier Road SE, 3.0 mi NW of Military Road SE, Fort Lewis Military Reservation, elev. ca. 100 m., ca. 46.9351°N, - 122.7600°W, 29 November 2003, W. Leonard, mm ff; Hospital Creek, above confluence with Skookumchuck River, 5 horiz mi S, 3 horiz mi E of Vail, elev. ca. 240 m., ca. 46.7732°N, - 122.5855°W, 12 October 2003, W. Leonard, m; same as previous but, 15 December 2003, W. Leonard, K. McAllister, mm ff; Capitol State Forest, Potosi Creek ca. 2 mi S of Rock Candy Mountain, elev. ca. 290 m., ca. 46.9809°N, -123.109, estimated coordinates from Potosi Creek 1 horiz mi S of Rock Candy Mountain Summit, 18 December 2002, J. Ziegltrum, R. Shoat, mm; Capitol State Forest, 1.7 horiz mi ENE of Rock Candy Mtn., elev. 450 m., 47.0170°N, - 123.0776°W, 27 October 2003, W. Leonard, m f; Capitol State Forest, unnamed tributary to Perry Creek, elev. 260 m., 47.0262°N, - 123.0692°W, 27 October 2003, W. Leonard, m; Priest Point Park, Olympia, elev. ca. 30 m., ca. 47.07°N, - 122.896°W, 23 February 2003, W. Leonard, m f; same as previous but 5 January 2003, m; same as previous but 2 February 2003, f; same as previous but 11 January 2004, m; Olympia, The Evergreen State College campus, Beach Trail N of Driftwood Road, elev. ca. 30 m., 47.0791°N, - 122.9776°W, 26 January 2003, W. Leonard, mm ff; same as previous but 27 December 2003, mm ff; McAllister Springs S of Steilacoom Road SE, elev. ca. 30 m., 47.0472°N, - 122.7286°W, 22 February 2004, W. Leonard, from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Acer macrophyllum, Alnus rubra, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, Polystichum munitum, and Mahonia nervosa, mm; same as previous but 7 February 2004, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm; same as previous but 11 December 2004, W. Leonard, mm ff; Tumwater, Black Lake and Belmore Road at 66 th Avenue, elev. ca. 50 m., 46.9890°N, - 122.9665°W, 19 November 2004, W. Leonard, m; as in the type locality but 25 November 2004, W. Leonard. Lewis Co., Gifford Pinchot National Forest, FS-25 8 mi S of Randle, elev. ca. 330 m., ca. 46.4475, -121.9984, 6 December 2003, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm ff; Gifford Pinchot National Forest, FS-25 8.5 mi S of Randle, elev. 320 m., 46.4409°N, - 121.9966°W, 6 December 2003, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm ff; same as previous but 21 December 2003, m f; SR-508 at Bremer, elev. 220 m., 46.5883°N, - 122.4258°W, 6 December 2003, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm ff. Grays Harbor Co., FS-2153 5.3 mi N of Kelley Road, Canyon River basin, elev. 156 m., 47.3035°N, - 123.5081°W, 13 October 2003, W. Leonard, m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF9FFFAFFFDC5FE0FC68FA79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF9EFFA0FFDC5939FECFFD85.text	131D87EFFF9EFFA0FFDC5939FECFFD85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella hoh Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella hoh, new species</p><p>Figs. 210, 211, 214, 215</p><p>Types: Male holotype, female paratype from WASHINGTON: Jefferson Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.2272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8301" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.2272/lat 47.8301)">Alder Creek</a> at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-124.2272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.8301" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -124.2272/lat 47.8301)">Hoh River Road</a>, elev. 125 m., 47.8301°N, - 124.2272°W, collected 14 December 2003, by W. Leonard, C. Richart .</p><p>Diagnosis: The unique feature of this species is the thin mesobasal process (mbp, Fig. 215) of the posterior gonopod coxite, found in no others; further, the apical process of the coxite is sharply curved anteromesally. The mesal branch of the anterior gonopod is more than 2/3 the length of the lateral branch and is straight and blunt.</p><p>Etymology: Named for the Hoh River of Olympic National Park; a noun in apposition.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 11.0 mm. Ocelli 22 in triangular patch. Metazonites with moderately well-developed shoulders, segmental setae acute, curved. Color pale to medium tan, marked darker purplish brown, mostly on dorsum. Legpairs one and two reduced, three to seven enlarged, three to five with swollen femora, femora of pair seven slender; large femoral knobs on pairs five and six. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 210, 214) with lateral branches robust, apically expanded and decurved, terminus cap-like; mesal branches straight, cylindrical, blunt, two-thirds to three-quarters length of lateral branches. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 211, 215) with evenly curved and tapered pseudoflagellar process, fimbriate branch small, subtending shallow, rimmed pit with pore, mesobasally arising thin process. Terminal processes both strongly recurved. Tenth coxae and eleventh prefemora as usual.</p><p>Female: Length, 11.5 mm, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Jefferson Co., Olympic National Park, near Hoh Rain Forest Visitor Center, elev. 180 m., 47.8597°N, - 123.9413°W, 14 December 2003, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm; Clallam Co., Olympic National Park, Heart of the Hills Campground, elev. 545 m., 48.0355°N, - 123.4263°W, 18 November 2003, W. Leonard, m f.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF9EFFA0FFDC5939FECFFD85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF90FFA1FFDC5F98FD4DFB75.text	131D87EFFF90FFA1FFDC5F98FD4DFB75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella angulata Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella angulata, new species</p><p>Figs. 212, 213, 216, 217</p><p>Types: Male holotype, male and female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co., FS-2153 5.3 mi N of Kelley Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.5081&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.3035" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.5081/lat 47.3035)">Canyon River</a> basin, elev. 160 m., 47.3035°N, - 123.5081°W, collected 12 December 2004, by W. Leonard .</p><p>Diagnosis: The mesal branches of the anterior gonopods are about half the length of the lateral branches, which are curved at the tips and with a subterminal tooth. The mesal side of the posterior gonopod coxites is developed into a large, serrate flange (Fig. 217) lying parallel to the tip of the pseudoflagellar branch. The pseudoflagellar branch is evenly curved from its base but midway makes a sharp angle before tapering to a thin tip. No other species has this combination of characters.</p><p>Etymology: The species name refers to the sharp, angular bend in the pseudoflagellar branch of the posterior gonopod coxite.</p><p>Description: Male paratype: Length, 9.5 mm. Twenty ocelli in triangular group. Metazonites with moderately well-developed shoulders, segmental setae curved, acute. Color pale tan marked darker purplish brown. Legpairs one and two reduced, three through six enlarged, seventh near size of postgonopodal legs; fifth femora conspicuously swollen, with long, distomesal knob. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 212, 216) long, narrow, mesal branch half length of lateral, cylindrical, blunt, slightly clavate, anterior branch slender, curved at tip, with subterminal tooth. Posterior gonopod coxite (Fig. 213, 217) with pseudoflagellar branch evenly curved from base, reflexed at acute angle, tapering to finely pointed tip, lying alongside serrate lamella on mesal side. Fimbriate branch relatively large. Main branch of coxite with two hooked terminal processes, subterminal tooth large, broad. Tenth coxae, eleventh prefemora as usual.</p><p>Female 9.0 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co., Middle Satsop Road 2 mi N of Brady near Satsop River, elev. 25 m., 47.0245°N, - 123.5196°W, under maple leaves, 3 January 2003, W. Leonard et al., mm ff. Lewis Co., Iron Creek Campground, FS-25 9.6 mi S of Randle, Gifford Pinchot National Forest, elev. 340 m., 46.4289°N, - 121.9868°W, 21 December 2003, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m.</p><p>Notes: molecular phylogenetics and integrative taxonomy of other poorly dispersing arthropods only known from the Southern Cascades and the Olympic Peninsula have found that these regions support populations that are independently evolving species (e.g., Richart and Hedin 2013). Thus, we recommend that future research evaluate our B. angulata hypothesis with molecular data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF90FFA1FFDC5F98FD4DFB75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF90FFA2FFDC5A3CFEA9FE15.text	131D87EFFF90FFA2FFDC5A3CFEA9FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella pacifica Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella pacifica, new species</p><p>Figs. 218, 219, 222, 223</p><p>Types: Male holotype and male and female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Pacific Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.8898&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.3981" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.8898/lat 46.3981)">Ellsworth Creek Preserve</a>, elev. 50 m., 46.3981°N, - 123.8898°W, collected 23 November 2003 by W. Leonard et al. in old growth forest .</p><p>Diagnosis: Like the following species, B. pacifica has the pseudoflagellar branch of the posterior gonopod coxite tightly doubled on itself, and the fimbriate branch is large. However, the anterior gonopods are quite different; in B. pacifica the lateral branch has a distinct shoulder distal of which the branch narrows to a simple tip, while in B. germania n. sp. (see below) the anterior gonopod lateral branch tapers more or less evenly and has three triangular teeth subtending the tip.</p><p>Etymology: The species is named for Pacific County, Washington.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 10.00 mm. Eighteen to 20 ocelli in triangular group. Metazonites with well-developed shoulders, segmental setae curved, acute. Color pale tan to chestnut, marked purplish brown on metazonites and prozonites such that dorsally two parallel rows of dark spots appear, additional rows on both lateral surfaces of rings. Legpairs one and two reduced, three through seven enlarged, fourth pair with low femoral knobs, fifth pair with large, acute, distal femoral knobs. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 218, 222) with mesal branches, blunt, cylindrical, approximately one-third length of lateral branches; lateral branches thickest at midlength with distinct constriction distal to posterior shelf, distal part curved, acute at tip, with subdistal ridged region. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 219, 223) with main branch narrow, ending bluntly, two strong fimbriate branches embrace tightly folded, rapidly tapering pseudoflagellar branch. Tenth coxae conspicuously enlarged, glandular; eleventh prefemora with usual process.</p><p>Female 10.00 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Pacific Co., Walberg Road 1.0 mi N of Chinook Valley Rd, or 0.4 mi W of Ilwaco Water Park, elev. 30 m., 46.3235°N, - 123.9417°W, 2 January 2005, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter and woody debris of a mixed forest including Alnus rubra, Tsuga heterophylla, Polystichum munitum, and Rubus spectabilus, mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF90FFA2FFDC5A3CFEA9FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF92FFA3FFDC5F98FA7FFC1A.text	131D87EFFF92FFA3FFDC5F98FA7FFC1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella germania Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella germania, new species</p><p>Figs. 220, 221, 224, 225</p><p>Types: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.1356&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.2565" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.1356/lat 46.2565)">Male</a> holotype from WASHINGTON: Cowlitz Co., Germany Creek Road 5.5 mi N of Stella at SR-4, elev. 140 m., 46.2593°N, - 123.1344°W, collected 22 November 2003, by W. Leonard, C. Richart; male paratype from Germany Creek Road 5.3 mi N of Stella at SR-4, elev. 140 m., 46.2565°N, - 123.1356°W, collected 11 November 2004, by W. Leonard and C. Richart .</p><p>Diagnosis: The posterior gonopod coxites are similar to those of the preceding species but the anterior gonopods are quite different, lacking the midlength shelf and sharp taper, and with three large subterminal teeth.</p><p>Etymology: This species takes its adjectival name from Germany Creek, where the holotype and paratype were collected.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 9.0 mm. Nineteen ocelli in triangular group. Metazonites with well-developed shoulders, segmental setae long, curved, acute. Color as described for B. pacifica . Legpairs one and two reduced, pairs three to five enlarged, sixth pair somewhat smaller, seventh pair approximately same size as postgonopodal legs; prefemora three to five with conspicuous knobs. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 220, 222) with mesal branches less than one-third size of lateral branches, broadly flattened in lateral view; lateral branches curved, with large, wing-like expansion anteriorly, bearing three triangular subterminal teeth. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 221, 223) with pseudoflagellar branch tightly reflexed, not strongly tapering, two large fimbriate branches, lateralmost embraces pseudoflagellum, mesal branch subtends small pore. Tenth coxae and eleventh prefemur as usual.</p><p>Females not collected.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the two localities along Germany Creek, which are about 340 meters apart.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF92FFA3FFDC5F98FA7FFC1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF92FFA3FFDC5CCBFE44F867.text	131D87EFFF92FFA3FFDC5CCBFE44F867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella uniclada Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella uniclada, new species</p><p>Figs. 226–229</p><p>Types: Male holotype and male and female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Lewis Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.1934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.1934/lat 46.5241)">Slide Creek</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.1934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.1934/lat 46.5241)">Weyerhaeuser</a> 4000 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.1934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.1934/lat 46.5241)">Road</a> 0.8 mi SW of Pe-Ell-McDonald <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.1934&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5241" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.1934/lat 46.5241)">Road</a>, elev. 200 m, 46.5241°N, - 123.1934°W, collected 3 January 2005, by W. Leonard .</p><p>Diagnosis: Similar to the foregoing two species but distinct in that the anterior gonopods lack mesal branches and terminate in a series of finger-like projections from a flattened, palm-like tip. Also, the posterior gonopod coxite pseudoflagellar branch is greatly thickened about midway in its length and then tapers rapidly to a very thin tip.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet, an adjective, refers to the lack of a mesal branch on the anterior gonopod.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 12.0 mm. Twenty to 22 ocelli in triangular group.</p><p>Segmental shoulders well-developed, setae long, curved, acute. Color mostly dark purplish brown in continuous bands across metazonites but with conspicuous white to pale tan spots on shoulders. Legpairs one and two reduced, pairs three to seven encrassate, femoral knobs on pairs four and five. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 226, 228) long, thin, curved at tip, with three to five finger-like projections. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 227, 229) robust, broad-tipped, with large basal flange that presses against projection from gonopod prefemur; pseudoflagellar branch strongly sinuate, greatly thickened midlength, abruptly tapering, conspicuously fimbriate near tip; fimbriate branches not as large as in preceding two species. Gonopod femur narrow. Tenth coxae and eleventh prefemora as usual.</p><p>Female 11.00 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Pacific Co., Trap Creek Road 5.9 mi S of SR-6, Alder Creek drainage of Naselle River, elev. 230 m., 46.4972°N, - 123.6439°W, 19 November 2005, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m; Cement Creek, SR-401 2.5 mi S of Parpala Road in Naselle, elev. 30 m., 46.3341°N, - 123.8002°W, 15 January 2006, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter of a riparian forest including Alnus rubra, Picea sitchensis, Sambucus cf. caerulea, and Polystichum munitum, m; 3 horiz mi S, 2 horiz mi W of Menlo, estimated coordinates and elevation taken from headwater stream adjacent Ehmer Road, elev. ca. 255 m., 46.5769°N, - 123.6892°W, 20 December 2003, W. Leonard et al., m f. Lewis Co., in Lewis County only known from the type locality.</p><p>Notes: Despite lacking mesal branches on the anterior gonopods, the posterior gonopod coxites clearly mark this species as a Bifurcatella . The basal, posterior flanges and the basal projection from the posterior gonopod prefemur are also distinctive.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF92FFA3FFDC5CCBFE44F867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF97FFA7FFDC5F98FD0DFD85.text	131D87EFFF97FFA7FFDC5F98FD0DFD85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella inflata Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella inflata, new species</p><p>Figs. 230–233</p><p>Type: Male holotype from IDAHO: Bonner Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.3276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.2916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.3276/lat 48.2916)">Trestle Creek Road</a> 1.2 mi E of SR-200, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.3276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.2916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.3276/lat 48.2916)">Trestle Creek</a>, Idaho <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.3276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.2916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.3276/lat 48.2916)">Panhandle National Forests</a>, elev. 720 m., 48.2916°N, - 116.3276°W, collected 6 November 2004, by W. Leonard, J. Baugh, C. Richart .</p><p>Diagnosis: As with the following species, B. inflata seems somewhat peripheral to the genus and differs from others in both the anterior gonopods and posterior gonopod coxites, while retaining essential features of Bifurcatella . The anterior gonopods are strongly flattened anterior-posterior and the mesal branch is thin and acute; the pseuodflagellar branch of the posterior gonopod coxites remains thick to its tip and distally is conspicuously fimbriate.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet, an adjective, refers to the bulbous, enlarged part of the pseudoflagellar branch of the posterior gonopod coxite.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 10 mm. Twenty ocelli in triangular group.</p><p>Metazonites with moderately developed shoulders, segmental setae long, curved, acute. Color uniform hornbrown (may be artifact of long preservation). Legpairs one and two reduced, three through five encrassate, six and seven nearly same as postgonopodal legs; prefemora five with strong, distal knobs, prefemora four with low, midlength swellings. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 230, 232) flattened anterioposteriorly, abruptly narrowed at tip to acute hook, mesal margin serrate, mesal branch about one third length of lateral branch, thin, acute. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 231, 233) robust, with strong, hooked subterminal process; pseudoflagellar branch thick, recurved, with large swelling at midlength, hardly tapering, densely fimbriate along mesal side, carried in groove between two fimbriate lamellae on main branch; fimbriate branch small, accessory branch present, not fimbriate. Tenth coxae and eleventh prefemora as usual.</p><p>Females not collected.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF97FFA7FFDC5F98FD0DFD85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF96FFA7FFDC5D6DFDD8F97D.text	131D87EFFF96FFA7FFDC5D6DFDD8F97D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bifurcatella hobo Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Bifurcatella hobo, new species</p><p>Figs. 234–239</p><p>Types: Male holotype, male and female paratypes from IDAHO: Shoshone Co., Hobo Cedar Grove Botanical Area, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, elev. 1360 m, 47.0880°N, - 116.1152°W, collected 16 October 2009, by W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter and woody debris of an old-growth forest including Tsuga heterophylla, Thuja plicata, and Abies grandis .</p><p>Diagnosis: As with the preceding species, B. hobo, in keeping with their geographic separation from the remainder of Bifurcatella species, differs from the Washington forms. The anterior gonopods recall those of Karagama ladybird from northern California in that one or more small branches are tightly appressed to the posterior side. However, the posterior gonopod coxites are very different and have the typical Bifurcatella pseudoflagellar branch; the fimbriate branch is significantly reduced.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is a noun in apposition referring to the type locality, a preserve noted for the diversity of its plant life.</p><p>Description: Male holotype: Length, 12.0 mm. Twenty to 22 ocelli in triangular group. Shoulders of metazonites weakly developed, segmental setae long, curved, acute. Color almost uniform pale tan, lightly marked darker. Legpairs one and two reduced, pairs three to seven enlarged, three to five much the largest; femora five with very large, oblong knobs distally acute, femora four with smaller knobs. Anterior gonopods (Figs. 234, 236, 237) with low, broad mesal branches, lateral branches curved, with thin, acute apical process; in posterior view with two or three posterior branches tightly appressed to main body of gonopod. Posterior gonopod coxites (Figs. 235, 238, 239) simpler than in other species of Bifurcatella, with subapical teeth; pseudoflagellar branch sharply angled at base, not sinuate; fimbriate branch small. Coxae 10 and eleventh prefemora as usual.</p><p>Female 12 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: IDAHO: Latah Co., E Fork of Meadow Creek Road (FS-1443) at SR-6, tributary of Mannering Creek, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, elev. 915 m, 47.0350°N, - 116.6729°W, 17 October 2009, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from litter and stream-side woody debris in a mixed forest including Thuja plicata, Abies grandis, and Tsuga heterophylla, m. Benewah Co., SR-6 0.6 mi S of Dennis Mountain Road and 2.1 mi N of the Latah County line, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, headwaters of Mannering Creek, elev. 1030 m., 47.0639°N, - 116.6751°W, 17 October 2009, W. Leonard, C. Richart, m ff. Shoshone Co., same as type locality but 17 October 2009, elev. 1290 m., 47.0880°N, - 116.1152°W, m ff.</p><p>Notes: The Mannering Creek specimens are considerably darker than the holotype, some of them appearing almost solidly dark purplish brown .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF96FFA7FFDC5D6DFDD8F97D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFF96FFD9FFDC5834FD5CFEDC.text	131D87EFFF96FFD9FFDC5834FD5CFEDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loomisella Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Loomisella, new genus</p><p>Type species: Loomisiella evergreen, n. sp.</p><p>Diagnosis: Loomisiella, n. gen., differs from other conotylids in the form of the large anterior gonopods, widely separated at the base, then curving sharply inward and posterior. The telopodites of the posterior gonopods are reduced in size; the posterior gonopod coxites are as broad as long, anteriorly excavated and with several processes arising from the anterior surface. Both known species are small, 5 mm or less in length.</p><p>Etymology: The genus name honors Harold F. Loomis (1896–1976), who not only named more than 500 species of millipedes, primarily from Central America and the Caribbean, but also served 27 years as Director of the U. S. Plant Introduction Station in Miami, Florida. The name should be treated as feminine in gender.</p><p>Notes: Other included species are, in addition to the type, Loomisiella pylei, n. sp. This genus includes some of the smallest known conotylids, both species being 5 mm or less in length at maturity.</p><p>Descriptions of new species of Loomisiella</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFF96FFD9FFDC5834FD5CFEDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFE8FFDBFFDC5E71FB4FFE69.text	131D87EFFFE8FFDBFFDC5E71FB4FFE69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loomisiella evergreen Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Loomisiella evergreen, new species</p><p>Figs. 240–243, 247–250</p><p>Types: Male holotype and male and female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Thurston Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.9776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.0791" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.9776/lat 47.0791)">The Evergreen State College</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.9776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.0791" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.9776/lat 47.0791)">Olympia</a>, beside main parking lot, 47.0791°N, 122.9776°W, elev. 60 m, collected 14 February 2003, by W. Leonard, C. Richart .</p><p>Diagnosis: Distinct from L. pylei, n. sp. in the more broadly flared tips of the anterior gonopods and in lacking a mesal plate-like process of the posterior gonopod coxites. The posterior gonopod telopodites of L. pylei are reduced, as in this species, but comparatively larger.</p><p>Etymology: The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is from the type locality on the campus of The Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington.</p><p>Description: Male paratype: Length, 4.8 mm. Thirteen ocelli in oval to triangular group. Metazonital shoulders poorly developed, segmental setae curved, acute. Legpairs one and two reduced, pairs three to five encrassate, pairs six and seven about as postgonopodal legs; femora three and four with acute basal knobs. Anterior gonopods (ag, Figs. 240, 242, 243, 247, 248) widely separated at base, embracing posterior gonopod coxites, narrowed, with right-angled or less bend basal to flaring tip; small processes mesal at base. Posterior gonopod telopodites strongly reduced, femur about one-third length of prefemur, sternum broad, well-sclerotized anteriorly. Posterior gonopod coxites (pgc, Figs. 240, 241, 249, 250) short, broad, anteriorly cupped, with two curved processes distolaterally, two smaller processes arising from anterior face of body of coxite. Coxae 10 and eleventh prefemora typical of family.</p><p>Female 5.0 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Grays Harbor Co., FS-2153 5.3 mi N of Kelley Road, Canyon River basin, 47.3035° N, - 123.5081°W, elev. 160 m, 17 January 2003, by W. Leonard, mm ff; same as previous but 12 December 2004; Middle Satsop Road 2.7 mi N of Monte Elma Road, 47.0332°N, - 123.5258°W, elev. 20 m., 17 January 2003, W. Leonard et al., riparian forest, mm ff; Canyon River, 6 mi W, 1.25 mi N of Matlock, ca. 47.2546°N, - 123.5346°W, in maple and fern litter, 17 January 2003, W. Leonard et al., mm f. Thurston Co., Capitol State Forest, Potosi Creek, 2 mi S of Rock Candy Mountain, ca. 46.9809°N, - 123.109°W, ca. 290 m., estimated coordinates from Potosi Creek 1 horiz mi S of Rock Candy Mountain Summit, 10 December 2002, W. Leonard et al., mm ff.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFE8FFDBFFDC5E71FB4FFE69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFEDFFDCFFDC5F98FA84FBA9.text	131D87EFFFEDFFDCFFDC5F98FA84FBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loomisiella pylei Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Loomisiella pylei, new species</p><p>Figs. 244–246</p><p>Types: Male holotype, male and female paratypes from WASHINGTON: Wahakiakum Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.6657&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.3693" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.6657/lat 46.3693)">Lower Hendrickson Canyon</a>, 46.3693°N, - 123.6657°W, elev. 30 m, old-growth forest, collected 23 January 2004, by W. Leonard, M. Leonard, C. Richart, R. M. Pyle, and K. Novoselić .</p><p>Diagnosis: See under preceding species.</p><p>Etymology: The species name honors Robert Michael Pyle, a notable lepidopterist, author, conservation advocate, and as is this species, denizen of the Willapa Hills.</p><p>Description: Male: Length, 5.0 mm. Fourteen ocelli in oval-triangular group. Metazonital shoulders poorly developed; segmental setae curved, acute. Legpairs one, two reduced, pairs three, four encrassate, pairs five to seven near same size as postgonopodal legs; femora three, four with basal femoral knobs acute, posteriorly directed.Anterior gonopods (ag, Figs. 244, 245) with large anterior sternum, widely separated, curving lateral to posterior gonopod coxites, apically decurved but without any apical expansion, small lateral branch tightly appressed to gonopod (free in Fig. 245 due to compression on microscope slide). Posterior gonopod telopodites reduced but relatively larger than in L. evergreen; posterior gonopod coxites (pgc, Figs. 244, 245) short, broad, anteriorly cupped, with broad, lamellate process mesally, basal pseudoflagellum originating posteriorly, two processes distolaterally, more lateral process composed of filaments (seen as separate in Fig. 246 due to compression on microscope slide), mesal process curved, apically fimbriate. Coxae 10, prefemora 11 as usual.</p><p>Female 5.2 mm long, nonsexual characters as in male.</p><p>Distribution: WASHINGTON: Lewis Co., FS-25 8.5 mi S of Randle, 46.4409°N, - 121.9966°W, elev. 330 m, 21 December 2003, W. Leonard, C. Richart m f; same as previous but 6 December 2003, m. Pacific Co., Cement Creek, SR-401 2.5 mi S of Parpala Road in Naselle, 46.3341°N, - 123.8002°W, elev. 30 m., 15 January 2006, W. Leonard, C. Richart, from the litter of a riparian forest including Alnus rubra, Picea sitchensis, Sambucus cf. caerulea, and Polystichum munitum, m ff; Trap Creek Road 1.7 mi S of SR-6, Trap Creek Basin, 46.5403°N, - 123.6297°W, elev. 60 m., 19 November 2005, W. Leonard, C. Richart, mm ff. Wahkiakum Co., only known from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFEDFFDCFFDC5F98FA84FBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFEDFFDCFFDC5B88FDADFADC.text	131D87EFFFEDFFDCFFDC5B88FDADFADC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plumatyla Shear 1971	<div><p>Plumatyla Shear, 1971</p><p>Plumatyla Shear 1971, p. 94 .</p><p>Conotyla, Loomis (in part), 1943, p. 384</p><p>Austrotyla Causey (in part), 1961, p. 260.</p><p>Sonorotyla Hoffman (in part), 1961, p. 269.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFEDFFDCFFDC5B88FDADFADC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFEDFFDEFFDC5ADDFE97FEF8.text	131D87EFFFEDFFDEFFDC5ADDFE97FEF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plumatyla humerosa (Loomis 1943)	<div><p>Plumatyla humerosa (Loomis) 1943</p><p>Figs. 251, 252</p><p>Conotyla humerosa Loomis 1943, p. 384 .</p><p>New records: All specimens CAS. CALIFORNIA: Lassen Co., Indian Cave, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6683°N, - 120.8177°W, elev. 1618 m., dark zone, 15 September 2017, T. Rickman; Cave A-1-1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6100°N, - 120.8405°W, elev. 1621 m., 16 August 2018, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, ff. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Modoc Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Damon’s Cave</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 41.5169°N, - 121.1825°W, elev. 1435 m., twilight zone, 9 May 2018, T. Blaschak, T. Rickman, mm ff; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Black Stout Cave</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 41.6635°N, - 121.3338°W, elev. 1296 m., 14 May 2018, dark zone, T. Blaschak, T. Rickman, mm ff. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Shasta Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">North Christmas Tree Cave</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6681°N, - 121.4127°W, elev. 1322 m., 2 May 2018, twilight zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, m; Cave 4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6682°N, - 121.4161°W, elev. 1336 m., 9 August 2018, T. Rickman, mm; Cave 5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, SW tube, 40.6725°N, - 121.4109°W, elev. 1352 m., 24 May 2018, entrance and twilight zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, m; same as previous, but N tube, m f; Cave 6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6714°N, - 121.4110°W, elev. 1354 m., 24 May 2018, twilight zone, dark zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, mm ff; Cave 51, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, lower tube, 40.6663°N, - 121.4367°W, elev. 1404 m., 22 May 2018, twilight zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, juvs.; Cave 56, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6675°N, - 121.4367°W, elev. 1390 m., 22 May 2018, dark zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, m; Cave 71 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Burnt Elderberry Cave</a>), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6930°N, - 121.4154°W, elev. 1304 m., 20 June 2018, twilight zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, mm ff; Cave 80, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6773°N, - 121.4177°W, elev. 1336 m., 20 June 2018, dark zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, ff, juvs.; Cave 87, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6683°N, - 120.8188°W, elev. 1172 m., 5 June 2018, twilight zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, mm ff; Cave 166, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lassen National Forest</a>, 40.6423°N, - 121.4264°W, elev. 1374 m., 30 August 2018, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, ff. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Siskiyou Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Three Level Ice Cave</a>, 41.3921°N, - 121.6676°W, elev. 1321 m., 25 August 2018, J. McFarland, mm ff; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Rooty Tooty Cave</a>, 41.4692°N, - 121.6299°W, elev. 1547 m., 26 August 2018, T. Rickman, J. McFarland, mm ff; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Amazing Attic Cave</a>, 41.4869°N, - 121.6446°W, elev. 1614 m., 25 August 2018, J. McFarland mm ff. Tehama Co., Wilson Lake Ice Cave, 40.3119°N, - 121.4237°W, elev. 1533 m., 14 June 2018, twilight and dark zones, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, m f, juvs.; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Wilson Lake Cave</a> 2, 40.3433°N, - 121.4192°W, elev. 1759 m., 26 July 2018, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, f; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Wilson Lake Cave</a> 3 (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Cedar Cellars Cave</a>), 40.3425°N, - 121.4252°W, elev. 1706 m., 14 June 2018, twilight zone, T. Rickman, T. Blaschak, M. Immel, f. OREGON: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Lake Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5231" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.8645/lat 43.5231)">Derrick’s Cave</a>, 43.5231°N, - 120.8645°W, elev. 1513 m., 30 August 2008, N. Marchington, mm .</p><p>Notes: Plumatyla humerosa seems to be quite general in northern California and south-central Oregon in lava tubes and some limestone caves, as well as mines nearby. Populations are frequently large, judging from the numbers of specimens in some collections. The gonopods (Figs. 251, 252) look uniform throughout the area, suggesting dispersal through porous lava and epikarst, but the possibility of cryptic speciation remains to be investigated by genetic study. The species is well-adapted to subterranean life but based on Pleistocene glacial history may not be an old troglobiont.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFEDFFDEFFDC5ADDFE97FEF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5D90FBEAFCC7.text	131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5D90FBEAFCC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austrotyla montani Loomis & Schmitt 1971	<div><p>Austrotyla montani Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971</p><p>Austrotyla montani Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971, p. 122; Shear, 1976, p. 19.</p><p>New record: MONTANA: Lewis &amp; Clark Co., Benchmark Creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.4945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.881/lat 47.4945)">Helena-Lewis</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-112.881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.4945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -112.881/lat 47.4945)">Clark National Forest</a>, 47.4945°N, - 112.8810°W, elev. 1640 m., 22 September 2006, R. Killackey, m f .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5D90FBEAFCC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5A0FFD7DFA48.text	131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5A0FFD7DFA48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corypus cochlearis Loomis & Schmitt 1971	<div><p>Corypus cochlearis Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971</p><p>Corypus cochlearis Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971, p. 123; Shear, 1976, p. 19; Shelley, 1997, p. 123.</p><p>New record: MONTANA: Sanders Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.8868&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.4634" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.8868/lat 47.4634)">Skeleton Creek</a>, 47.4634°N, - 115.8868°W, elev. 973 m., 13 October 2006, P. Hendricks, female presumed this species .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5A0FFD7DFA48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFEFFFDFFFDC5904FA63FE15.text	131D87EFFFEFFFDFFFDC5904FA63FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corypus kavanaughi Shelley 1997	<div><p>Corypus kavanaughi Shelley 1997</p><p>Figs. 253, 254</p><p>Corypus kavanaughi Shelley 1997, p.123 .</p><p>New records: IDAHO: Idaho Co., O’Hara Creek Campground, Selway River Road 6.7 mi SE of US-12 at Lowell, Clearwater National Forest, 46.0846°N, - 115.5129°W, elev. 490 m., 5 July 2008, C. Richart, S. Derkarabetian, J. Underwood, from forest litter and woody debris, m f; Shoshone Co., Eagle Creek, FS-1214, 0.1 mi N of FS-50, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, 47.2122°W, - 115.5484°W, elev. 897 m, 27 July 2008, Thuja plicata, Abies grandis forest, stream-side woody debris, mm f; Prospector Creek at FS-752, 0.1 mi S of FS-50, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, 47.2236°N, - 115.6072°W, elev. 860 m, 26 July 2008, Thuja plicata forest, stream-side woody debris, C. Richart, mm ff.</p><p>Notes: This species was exhaustively described by Shelley (1997). Our SEMs show details not noted on the drawings in that paper. The filaments on the posterior side of the anterior gonopods are seen here (f, Fig. 254) to be finely serrate, and representing a continuation of previously undetected fimbriate lamellae that border a distinct channel (c, Fig. 254) leading up the posterior surface of the gonopod from a similar region at its base. This basal fimbriate area may partially conceal a pore (p?, Fig. 254) homologous to the large pores seen posterior on the anterior gonopods in many of the other conotylids illustrated in this paper. The posterior gonopods, as Shelley (1997) illustrated, bear coxites seemingly arising from a reduced coxa fused to the sternum (cxs, Fig. 253), and with a strong, setose anterior lobe (al, Fig. 253) that is tightly appresed to the coxite on the lateral side. As in species of Austrotyla, the posterior gonopod coxites are cupped anteriorly and more or less conceal the smaller anterior gonopods in situ.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFEFFFDFFFDC5904FA63FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5CAAFD58FB7E.text	131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5CAAFD58FB7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corypus Loomis & Schmitt 1971	<div><p>Corypus Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971</p><p>Corypus Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971, p. 123 .</p><p>Notes: A good description of this genus and its included species is given by Shelley (1997). Here we present SEM illustrations of C. kavanaughi Shelley, 1997 for the first time.</p><p>New records of previously described species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFEFFFDEFFDC5CAAFD58FB7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFEEFFD0FFDC5890FD45FEF9.text	131D87EFFFEEFFD0FFDC5890FD45FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophominae Loomis & Schmitt 1971	<div><p>Subfamily Lophominae Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971</p><p>Lophomus Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971, p. 125 .</p><p>Notes: Species of this genus are distinctive in that the anterior gonopods have a pair of anterior sternal processes that are covered in fine cuticular projections. The posterior gonopod coxites have an articulated flagellum that is composed of many smaller filaments appressed and twisted together.</p><p>New records of previously described species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFEEFFD0FFDC5890FD45FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFE1FFD0FFDC5E94FD67FC3C.text	131D87EFFFE1FFD0FFDC5E94FD67FC3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophomus laxus Loomis & Schmitt 1971	<div><p>Lophomus laxus Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971</p><p>Figs. 255–257</p><p>Lophomus laxus Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971, p. 125; Shear, 1976, p. 17.</p><p>New records: MONTANA: Granite Co., Welcome Creek, 46.5638°N, - 113.7044°W, elev. 1239 m., 2 October 2006, P. Hendricks, mm; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.6949&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.6438" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.6949/lat 46.6438)">Welcome Creek</a> divide, 46.6438°N, - 113.6949°W, elev. 1553 m., 1 October 2006, P. Hendricks, mm .</p><p>Notes: The SEMs presented here compliment the drawings in Shear (1971). The two-branched gonopods (Figs. 255, 256) are unique in that the anterior branches, which are set with tiny cuticular projections, seem to arise from the sternal part of the coxosternum, which can be seen in a posterior view (Fig. 256) to be poorly sclerotized. The posterior gonopod coxites (Fig. 257) have an anterior movable flagellum made up of several separate filaments.</p><p>Descriptions of new species of Lophomus</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFE1FFD0FFDC5E94FD67FC3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFE1FFD1FFDC5CCEFD6CFF49.text	131D87EFFFE1FFD1FFDC5CCEFD6CFF49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lophomus shelleyi Shear & Richart & Wong 2020	<div><p>Lophomus shelleyi, new species</p><p>Figs. 258–261</p><p>Types: Male holotype and female paratype from MONTANA: Ravalli Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7601/lat 46.5181)">Woods Creek</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7601/lat 46.5181)">Helena-Lewis</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7601/lat 46.5181)">Clark National Forest</a>, 47.4613°N, - 112.8371°W, elev. 1721 m., collected 6 October 2006 by R. Killackey, m f; male paratype from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7601/lat 46.5181)">Granite Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7601/lat 46.5181)">Butte Cabin Creek</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.7601&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.5181" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.7601/lat 46.5181)">Lolo National Forest</a>, 46.5181°N, - 113.7601°W, elev. 1310 m., collected 2 October 2006 by P. Hendricks .</p><p>Diagnosis: Distinguished from L. laxus by details of the gonopods. The sternal processes of the anterior gonopods are slightly longer in L. shelleyi, and the tips of the gonopods are divided into three parts, with the median the longest; in L. laxus the gonopods are divided into two parts at their tips, with the lateral the longest. A strong lateral hook is present distally on the posterior gonopod coxites of L. laxus but is much smaller in L. shelleyi .</p><p>Etymology: The species name recognizes the many and varied contributions to myriapodology by our colleague the late Rowland M. Shelley (1942–2018), who also transmitted to us the Montana material reported on here.</p><p>Description: Male paratype: Length, 14.0 mm. Twenty-seven to 29 ocelli in triangular patch. Metazonital shoulders developed into small, but distinctly flattened paranota; outermost segmental setae long, slightly curved, acute, median two segmental setae shorter, straight, blunt-tipped. Color light brown heavily mottled with darker purplish brown. Legpairs one and two reduced. Legpairs three through seven enlarged, pairs four and five the largest; small, acute, backward-facing basal knobs present on femora four and five. Anterior gonopods (Fig. 258) with anterior sternal processes nearly as large as gonopods; gonopods slightly sigmoid, ending in three processes, mesal process longest, lateral processes much shorter, curved posteriorly. Posterior gonopod coxite (Fig. 259) broad, tipped with large mesal hook, lateral hooked process much smaller; anterior flagellum greatly exceeding coxite in length, composed of many separate, spiral, flattened filaments (Fig. 260) with many tiny, retrorse cuticuar teeth at their tips. Coxae 10 with prominent glands, enlarged. Prefemur 11 with strong basal process, processes also on trochanters and coxae 11 (Fig. 261).</p><p>Female similar to male in nonsexual characters.</p><p>Distribution: Known only from the two type localities.</p><p>Notes: The compound nature of the anterior gonopod flagellum has not been noted before. The flagellum is made up of 10–12 individual, flattened, spiral filaments tightly appressed to one another, but evidently the drying associated with preparing the gonopods for SEM examination caused them to separate. Small, retrorse cuticular thorns cover the acute tips of these filaments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFE1FFD1FFDC5CCEFD6CFF49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFE0FFD1FFDC5916FD2FF97E.text	131D87EFFFE0FFD1FFDC5916FD2FF97E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macromastinae Shear 1976	<div><p>Subfamily Macromastinae Shear 1976</p><p>Macromastus Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971, p. 126 .</p><p>New records of a previously described species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFE0FFD1FFDC5916FD2FF97E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFE0FFD2FFDC580EFD64FEF9.text	131D87EFFFE0FFD2FFDC580EFD64FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macromastus marginandus Loomis & Schmitt 1971	<div><p>Macromastus marginandus Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971</p><p>Figs. 262, 263</p><p>Macromastus marginandus Loomis &amp; Schmitt 1971, p.126; Shear, 1976, p. 16.</p><p>New records: IDAHO: Idaho Co., Selway <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.5373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.2159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.5373/lat 46.2159)">River</a> Road 8.1 mi SE of US-12, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.5373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.2159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.5373/lat 46.2159)">Nez Perce National Forest</a>, 46.0848°N, - 115.4955°W, elev. 480 m., 17 July 2008, Thuja plicata, Abies grandis forest, stream-side woody debris, C. Richart, mm ff; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.5373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.2159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.5373/lat 46.2159)">Apgar Creek</a>, US-12, 7.7 mi NE of Selway River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.5373&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.2159" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.5373/lat 46.2159)">Nez Perce National Forest</a>, 46.2159°N, - 115.5373°W, elev. 500 m., 13 September 2010, W. Leonard, m .</p><p>Notes: The anterior gonopods have slender median and thicker lateral branches, both with apical fimbriate areas (Fig. 262). The posterior gonopods (Fig. 263) have both sternum and coxa greatly reduced, with the coxites as long, thin, curved, acute extensions mesally. The posterior gonopod femur is enormously inflated. This record extends the distribution of the genus and species to Idaho.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFE0FFD2FFDC580EFD64FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFE3FFD2FFDC5A29FEA5F88E.text	131D87EFFFE3FFD2FFDC5A29FEA5F88E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Idagona westcotti Buckett & Gardner 1967	<div><p>Idagona westcotti Buckett &amp; Gardner 1967</p><p>Idagona westcotti Buckett &amp; Gardner 1967, p. 120; Shear, 1972, p. 270, 2007, p. 4.</p><p>New records: IDAHO: Blaine Co., Bear Trap Cave, 18.2 mi N of Minidoka on Arco-Minidoka Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Craters</a> of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Moon National Monument</a>, 42.9840°N, - 113.351°W, elev. 1445 m., 1 July 2007, f. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Lincoln Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Diamond Cave</a>, 43.1750°N, - 114.3568°W, elev. 1430 m., March 2017, R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Winton</a>, ff; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Pot</a> O’ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Gold Cave</a>, 43.09959°N, - 114.39556°W, elev. 1390 m., 5 September 2017, R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Winton</a>, m f; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Giant Arch Cave</a>, 43.10027°N, - 114.36399°W, elev. 1400 m., 28 March 2017, R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Winton</a>, mm ff. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Power Co.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-113.06565&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.10632" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -113.06565/lat 43.10632)">Kids Cave</a>, 43.10632°N, - 113.06565°W, elev. 1560 m., 22 March 2017, R. Winton, mm ff .</p><p>Notes: For illustrations and further details on this species, see Shear (2007). Idagona westcotti will likely be found in many other lava tubes in central Idaho. The species may disperse through the porous lava to colonize tubes. While pale in color and with somewhat reduced numbers of ocelli, populations are not conspicuously adapted for subterranean life.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFE3FFD2FFDC5A29FEA5F88E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
131D87EFFFE3FFD2FFDC5B30FD2FFB67.text	131D87EFFFE3FFD2FFDC5B30FD2FFB67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Idagoninae Buckett & Gardner 1967	<div><p>Subfamily Idagoninae Buckett &amp; Gardner 1967</p><p>Idagona Buckett &amp; Gardner 1967, p. 119 .</p><p>New records of a previously described species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/131D87EFFFE3FFD2FFDC5B30FD2FFB67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shear, William A.;Richart, Casey H.;Wong, Victoria L.	Shear, William A., Richart, Casey H., Wong, Victoria L. (2020): The millipede family Conotylidae in northwestern North America, with a complete bibliography of the family (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Heterochordeumatidea, Conotyloidea). Zootaxa 4753 (1): 1-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4753.1.1
