taxonID	type	description	language	source
0C3D87C2222BE37DFF0F2789B7AAFB39.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Members of this genus are usually dull coloured, characteristic for their elongate head, with at least one pair of teeth on lateral margins of head, round apex of bucculae (lacking tooth), elongate labium resting in the median longitudinal groove on the ventral side of the abdomen, well exposed connexivum and spoutshaped (crescent-shaped) peritreme (Fig. 91), which is usually not extending beyond middle of metapleuron. Male genitalia with genital capsule quadrangular, paramere roughly C-shaped with crown expanded, with or without ridges, provided with one or two teeth in various positions; inflated phallus with a pair of process of aedeagus, either free or fused; usually with two pairs of membranous conjunctival processes. Laterotergite IX of female terminalia is distinctly shorter than apex of abdomen.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C2222BE37DFF0F2789B7AAFB39.taxon	description	Redescription. Head (Figs 10 – 16) flattened dorsally, coplanar with pronotum in lateral view; lateral margin of mandibular plates with one or two pairs of teeth, first pair just in front of compound eyes, second pair (if present) at anterior third; anterior third of mandibular plates abruptly narrowing, extreme apex rounded, not meeting in front of clypeus; clypeus nearly of equal width throughout and open anteriorly, usually slightly longer than mandibular plates, sometimes of equal length. Antenniferous tubercles (Fig. 11) small, visible from above along with base of antennae. Antennae five segmented, slender. Antennal segments of variable length, segment I cylindrical, shortest and stoutest, not reaching apex of head, remaining segments slender, nearly of uniform thickness. Bucculae (Fig. 16) rounded anteriorly. Labrum (Fig. 12) narrow. Labial segment I stoutest, not surpassing posterior margin of bucculae, apex of labium surpassing anterior margin of ventrite V to reaching or surpassing posterior margin of ventrite VI. Pronotum (Fig. 17). Pronotum more or less flattened; anterior half of pronotal disc slightly sloping and sometimes with prominent undulations or pit-like depressions; posterior half slightly convex or elevated. Anterior pronotal margin deeply incised to accommodate base of head, lacking collar; anterolateral angles rectangular, unarmed; lateral margin nearly straight or sometimes slightly concave medially, serrated, serrations prominent on anterolateral margin, compared to posterolateral margin. Humeri angulate, sometimes broadly angulate, prominent and slightly elevated; posterolateral margin of pronotum obliquely straight or medially slightly convex; posterior margin straight or slightly concave medially. Scutellum (Fig. 15) elongate triangular, longer than width at base, sides slightly convex in frenal portion; distal third abruptly narrowed; much shorter than anterodistal angles of corium; apex narrowly rounded; disc more or less uniformly and slightly convex to flat, sometimes slightly elevated at basal region. Hemelytra Clavus narrowly triangular, corium laterally slightly convex, gradually widening posteriad. Membrane with reticulate venation, length variable. Thoracic pleuron and sternum Prosternum and metasternum lacking carina, with indistinct median groove. Mesosternum lacking prominent longitudinal groove or keel but with obsolete longitudinal carina. External scent efferent system with peritreme spout-shaped (crescent-shaped) (Fig. 91) usually not extending beyond middle of metapleuron; evaporatorium developed as roughly triangular and slightly elevated patch on metapleuron, encompassing ostiole and peritreme. Metathoracic spiracle long and well visible in ventral view. Legs elongate, slender; femora cylindrical, unarmed. All tibiae unarmed, more slender than adjoining femora, outer surface with median longitudinal groove. All tarsi with segment II shortest, III as long as I; all tarsal segments dorsally regularly rounded, not grooved. Pregenital abdomen. Connexivum wide, fully exposed dorsally, each ventrite with posterolateral angles angulate, not toothed. Abdominal venter convex, with prominent median, longitudinal groove. Ventrite II lacking spine or tubercle but with median longitudinal groove. Spiracle on ventrite II nearly exposed, only anterior margin covered by metapleuron, sometimes unexposed. A pair of trichobothria posteriad of spiracular line on each side of abdomen. Male genitalia. Genital capsule roughly quadrangular; dorsal rim widely and concavely excavated; infoldings sublaterally with black, sclerotized teeth or minute tooth-like serrations; ventral rim concavely excavated; infoldings with or without a short, stout and narrow, inverted U-shaped (roughly tongue-like) median process (Figs 22, 30, 43, 78). Paramere roughly C-shaped, with short stem and expanded plate-like apodeme (Figs 26, 32, 45, 64, 80). Crown with small, blunt and black tooth, sometimes continued as sclerotized, black ridge, position of tooth on crown varies. Phallus: articulatory apparatus with 1 + 1 roughly oval or irregular or quadrangular capitate processes (Figs 96 – 99). Phallosoma sclerotized, constricted towards both ends, broadest medially and concave dorsally; two pairs of membranous conjunctival processes, dorsal pair with or without bifid apex, ventral pair shorter than or subequal to dorsal pair and apically rounded. Processes of aedeagus sclerotized, free or fused along midline at proximal half encompassing short, sclerotized aedeagus. Female genitalia. Terminalia: valvifers VIII usually quadrangular, sometimes roughly triangular. Valvulae VIII with apical (= caudal) margin either uniformly rounded (Figs 54, 90) or slightly concave medially (Figs 41, 76). Valvifers IX fused to a single median transverse sclerite. Laterotergite IX distinctly shorter than apex of abdomen, caudal lateral margin of laterotergite VIII smooth and convex. Spermathecal duct expanded into single bulb-like dilation; apical receptacle orbicular with finger-like processes.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C2222BE37DFF0F2789B7AAFB39.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Most of the structural characters such as length of mandibular plates with respect to clypeus, teeth in front of eyes, lengths of antennal segments, length of labium, serrations on lateral margins of pronotum, number and length of finger-like processes on spermathecal pump etc., show continuous variation within a given species. External colouration is also highly variable within a given species.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C2222EE367FF0F22B8B705FDF5.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 3)	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C2222EE367FF0F22B8B705FDF5.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis: This species can be recognized by its robust and large body (21 – 22 mm), humeri being broadly triangular and elevated, anterior half of pronotal disc being provided with strong undulations or pit-like depressions; posterior half of pronotal disc and basal region of scutellar disc being gibbous; the presence of an Ushaped cleft adjacent to caudal lobes of genital capsule, the black and sclerotized sublateral margins of dorsal rim provided with minute teeth-like serrations, the expanded plate-like crown of the paramere with short, blunt tooth on the dorsolateral margin, and the elongate membranous and bifid dorsal conjunctival processes of phallus (Table 1).	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C2222EE367FF0F22B8B705FDF5.taxon	description	Colouration. Dorsum uniformly ochraceous, mottled with black streaks or spots formed by clusters of black or dark brown punctae; apex of scutellum pale ochraceous in males, whole scutellar disc black in females (Figs 3, 15), scutellar pits at basal angles black; connexivum concolourous with dorsum except for dark brown anterior and posterior margins or apex of connexival segments; hemelytral membrane dark brown or light black with black veins. Corium with irregular patches of dark brown. Ventral surface and legs ochraceous, suffused with dark brown patches. Integument and vestiture. Dorsum including head covered with dense, irregular dark brown to black punctures, sometimes forming irregular patches or spots. Ventral surface including legs with dark brown to black, coarse, dense punctures. Body glabrous. Structure. Labium elongate, reaching or surpassing posterior margin of ventrite VI. Lateral margin of pronotum slightly concave and posterior margins of pronotum slightly concave medially. Humeri broadly triangular and elevated. Disc of pronotum with strong undulations or pit-like depressions on anterior half and posterior half of pronotal disc, elevated. Disc of scutellum slightly elevated basally. External male genitalia (Figs. 29 – 41). Genital capsule. Roughly quadrangular. Dorsal rim widely and concavely excavated with narrow, median emargination slightly indented medially, sublateral margins sclerotized, black, provided with minute teeth-like serrations (Fig. 92); infoldings well developed. Ventral rim concavely excavated (roughly W-shaped) medially, ventral rim with short, stout and narrow, inverted U-shaped (roughly tongue-like) process medially (Fig. 30), 1 + 1 sclerotized and obliquely straight narrow ridge on sides of inverted Ushaped process on inner side and the ridges end in the caudolateral margin of infoldings as minute tooth; infoldings well developed, medially elevated and laterally joined to caudal lobes by a U-shaped cleft, giving a bifid appearance to caudal lobes (Figs 29, 30). Paramere. Roughly C-shaped (Figs 32 – 34), with expanded plate-like crown, short stem and expanded plate-like apodeme. Crown with small, blunt, black tooth on the dorsolateral margin. Phallus. Articulatory apparatus with basal plates and support bridge complex, dorsal connectives widened into 1 + 1 roughly oval capitate processes (Figs 35, 96). Phallosoma sclerotized, constricted towards both ends, broadest medially and concave dorsally; two pairs of membranous conjunctival processes, dorsal pair elongate with slightly bifid apex for one of the lobes and the other lobe almost bifid (Figs 36, 37), ventral pair shorter and broader than dorsal pair and apically rounded, ventral pair encircling base of dorsal pair with two short, sclerotized strips. Processes of aedeagus hard, sclerotized, fused along midline at proximal half encompassing short, sclerotized aedeagus and separated at distal half; distal half expanded into a rectangular plate with truncate apex and longer than aedeagus (Fig. 38). External female genitalia (Figs 39 – 41). Terminalia. Valvifers VIII quadrangular, with mesal margin nearly straight. Valvulae VIII with apical (= caudal) margin not uniformly rounded, but slightly concave medially (Fig. 41). Valvifers IX fused along midline, forming narrow, median transverse sclerite with anterior and posterior margins concave. Laterotergite IX narrow, finger-like, obliquely placed, separated with segment X between them; apical margin of laterotergite IX rounded and distinctly shorter than apex of abdomen; laterotergite IX articulated with laterotergite VIII laterally. Laterotergite VIII elongate and triangular, fused in the midline into a narrow transverse sclerite; laterotergite VIII with 1 + 1 spiracles situated adjacent to inner lateral margin, caudolateral margin smooth and convex. Spermatheca (Fig. 39). Apical receptacle orbicular with three finger-like processes, directed towards flanges.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C2222EE367FF0F22B8B705FDF5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, ♂, INDIA: Karnataka: Mudigere, Students collection (UASB). Paratype, ♀, as holotype (UASB)	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C2222EE367FF0F22B8B705FDF5.taxon	description	Measurements (in mm). Male (n = 1). Body length 21.47; head length 5.18, head width 3.32, interocular width 1.98; lengths of antennal segments: (I) 1.14, (II) 2.68, (III) 2.60, (IV) & (V) missing; lengths of labial segments: (I) 2.67, (II) 4.68, (III) 5.17, (IV) 2.99; pronotum length 4.49; pronotum width 10.22; scutellum length 7.94; scutellum width 5.68. Female (n = 1). Body length 20.91; length of head 4.99, width across eyes 3.38, interocular distance 1.96; lengths of antennal segments: (I) 1.06, (II) 2.66, (III) 2.51, (IV) 2.22, (V) missing; lengths of labial segments: (I) 2.55, (II) 4.22, (III) 5.20, (IV) 3.38; median length of pronotum 4.35; humeral width 10.74; length of scutellum 7.91; basal width of scutellum 5.81.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C2222EE367FF0F22B8B705FDF5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet, ‘ mudigerensis ’, is based on the name of the type locality; adjective.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22223E363FF0F22B8B7BDFE45.taxon	description	(Figs 4, 5)	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22223E363FF0F22B8B7BDFE45.taxon	description	Integument and vestiture. Dorsum including head covered with dense, irregular dark brown to black punctures, sometimes forming irregular patches or spots. Ventral surface including legs with dark brown to black, coarse, dense punctures. Body glabrous. Structure. Labium elongate reaching or surpassing anterior margin of ventrite VI. Lateral and posterior margins of pronotum straight. Humeri angulate, not elevated. Disc of pronotum as well as scutellum more or less flat. Other characters are in generic description. External male genitalia (Figs 42 – 56). Genital capsule. Roughly quadrangular. Dorsal rim widely and concavely excavated with shallow U-notch medially and minute V-shaped notch laterally, adjacent to each caudal lobes (Fig. 42); infoldings well developed, sublateral region sclerotized, black, with a pair of black pointed, stout teeth (sometimes with one additional small tooth just beneath the main tooth) near end of sclerotized region on either side of median notch (Fig. 93). Ventral rim concavely excavated (roughly W-shaped) medially, infoldings with short, stout and narrow, inverted U-shaped process medially (Fig. 43), 1 + 1 sclerotized, obliquely straight, narrow ridge on sides of inverted U-shaped process; ridges reaching caudolateral margin of infoldings; infoldings well developed, medially elevated, laterally joined to caudal lobes by a minute V-shaped notch. Paramere. Roughly C-shaped (Figs 45 – 47), with expanded plate-like and apically rounded crown, short stem and expanded plate-like apodeme. Crown with small, blunt, black tooth medially on dorsolateral side near apical margin; tooth continued as a sclerotized ridge medially on dorsolateral side near apical margin (Fig. 45). Phallus. Articulatory apparatus with basal plates and support bridge complex, dorsal connectives widened into 1 + 1 irregular capitate processes (Figs 48, 97). Phallosoma sclerotized, constricted towards both ends, broadest medially and concave dorsally (Figs 49 – 52); two pairs of membranous conjunctival processes, dorsal pair elongate with a narrow, fingerlike additional lobe giving a bifid appearance apically (Figs 51, 52), ventral pair shorter and broader than dorsal pair and as long as processes of aedeagus. Processes of aedeagus hard, sclerotized, fused along midline at proximal half encompassing short, sclerotized aedeagus and separated at distal half; distal half expanded into a subrectangular plate with rather undulate (not truncate) apical margin; aedeagus bent upwards and shorter than processes of aedeagus (Fig. 52). External female genitalia (Figs 53 – 56). Terminalia. Valvifers VIII roughly quadrangular, slightly convex ventrally with mesal margin straight, inner posterior angles acutely produced; posterior margin undulate and strongly concave adjacent to inner posterior. Valvulae VIII with apical (= caudal) margin uniformly rounded (Fig. 54). Valvifers IX transverse, appearing as two roughly kidney-shaped plates joined medially by a transparent, membranous region. Laterotergite IX obliquely placed with inner margin straight, apical margin nearly rounded and shorter than apex of abdomen. Laterotergite VIII elongate and triangular with nearly smooth caudal margin. Spermatheca (Fig. 53). Apical receptacle orbicular with three finger-like processes, directed towards flanges.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22223E363FF0F22B8B7BDFE45.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. This species can be recognized from the inverted U-shaped median process on the infoldings of ventral rim of genital capsule, expanded parameral crown with single tooth situated dorsolaterally near apical margin, quadrangular valvifers VIII with posterior margin undulate (prominent concavity adjacent to inner posterior angle, which is acutely produced) (Figs 55, 56) and valvulae VIII with caudal margin uniformly rounded (Table 1). Females of this species can be easily recognized from H. shaista by the close examination of terminalia (even in natural condition without maceration), where the posterior margin of valvifers VIII is prominently concave adjacent to inner posterior angle (Fig. 55); the posterior margin of valvifers VIII is convex (Fig. 74) in H. shaista.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22223E363FF0F22B8B7BDFE45.taxon	description	Measurements (in mm). Median (minimum – maximum). Males (n = 5). Body length 19.39 (18.96 – 20.19); head length 5.00 (4.72 – 5.27), head width 3.36 (3.24 – 3.51), interocular width 2.05 (1.95 – 2.10), length of antennal segments (I) 1.08 (0.93 – 1.20): (II) 2.49 (2.33 – 2.66): (III) 2.35 (2.14 – 2.71): (IV) 2.24 (2.04 – 2.56): (V) 2.02 (1.75 – 2.17); length of labial segments (I) 2.37 (2.24 – 2.61): (II) 4.29 (3.98 – 4.65): (III) 4.00 (3.72 – 4.30): (IV) 2.79 (2.65 – 3.00); pronotum length 3.82 (3.56 – 4.07); pronotum width 8.77 (8.54 – 9.26); scutellum length 6.76 (6.42 – 7.16); scutellum width 4.98 (4.83 – 5.15). Females (n = 5). Body length 21.17 (20.36 – 21.80); head length 5.04 (4.86 – 5.15), head width 3.46 (3.35 – 3.51), interocular width 2.14 (2.04 – 2.21), length of antennal segments (I) 1.05 (0.85 – 1.19): (II) 2.57 (2.30 – 2.79): (III) 2.49 (2.38 – 2.52): (IV) 2.36 (2.21 – 2.46): (V) 1.69; length of labial segments (I) 2.42 (2.27 – 2.60): (II) 4.62 (4.43 – 4.97): (III) 4.24 (4.00 – 4.65): (IV) 2.87 (2.65 – 3.13); pronotum length 4.22 (4.08 – 4.41); pronotum width 9.36 (9.21 – 9.52); scutellum length 7.50 (7.26 – 7.78); scutellum width 5.32 (5.23 – 5.45).	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22223E363FF0F22B8B7BDFE45.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: Andhra Pradesh: 2 ♀, Tirupathi, 22. x. 2008, Umeshkumar, and Yeshwanth, H. M.; Karnataka: 5 ♂, 1 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 06. viii. 2012, Salini, S.; 7 ♀, 11 ♂, same but 02. viii. 2012; 9 ♀, same but 12. iii. 2014; 2 ♀, same but 22. v. 2014; 3 ♀, same but 13. v. 2014; 1 ♀, same but 29. viii. 2012; 7 ♂, same but 12. iii. 2014; 3 ♀, 8 ♂, same but 24. iv. 2014; 1 ♀, same but 01. ix. 2012; 2 ♀, 3 ♂, same but 06. ix. 2012; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, same but 04. x. 2012, 1 ♀, 4 ♂, same but 22. ii. 2014; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, same but 18. vi. 2014; 1 ♂, same but 10. x. 2012; 1 ♂, same but 29. v. 2014; 1 ♂, same but 01. ix. 2012; 4 ♂, same but 17. viii. 2012; 1 ♂, same but 24. viii. 2012; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Bangalore, Hebbal, 04. ii. 2016, Prabhu, G.; 1 ♂, Bangalore, Hebbal, 01. v. 2012, Manjunath B.; 1 ♀, 2 ♂, Bangalore, Attur, 12. v. 2014, Salini, S.; 2 ♀, 6 ♂, Bangalore, Hebbal, 01. ix. 2012, Anand, P.; 5 ♀, 8 ♂, Bangalore, Hebbal, 29. viii. 2012, Naveen and Rajesh; 1 ♀, Kolar, Chintamani, SCC Farm, 15. viii. 2015, Mohan; 1 ♀, Kolar, Chintamani, SCC Farm, 28. viii. 2015, Harisha, R.; 1 ♀, Kolar, Chintamani, SCC Farm, 05. v. 2015, Nandeesha; 1 ♀, Kolar, Chintamani, SCC Farm, 23. xi. 2015, Students; 1 ♀, Kolar, Chintamani, SCC Farm, 05. iv. 2015, Rashmi; 1 ♂, Kolar, Chintamani, SCC Farm, 21. ix. 2015, Veereshkumar; 1 ♂, Kolar, Chintamani, SCC, 10. viii. 2015, Roshini, N.; 3 ♂, Bangalore, Hebbal, 27. vii. 2012, Manjunath, B.; 2 ♂, Bangalore, Hebbal, 09. iv. 2013, Salini, S.; 3 ♂, 2 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 29. ix. 2013, Salini, S.; 2 ♂, Dakshina Kannada, Sulliya, 12. xi. 2009 and 13. xi. 2009, Umeshkumar; 1 ♂, Bangalore, Hebbal, 17. x. 2012, Salini, S.; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 23. i. 2014, Salini, S.; 1 ♂, Bangalore, Kantankunte, 13 o 24 ’ E, 77 o 30, 19. i. 2011, Meenakshi, J.; 1 ♂, Forestry College, Sirsi, 08. xii. 2007, Umeshkumar, I. S.; 3 ♂, 2 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 05. i. 2007, Prabhu, G.; 4 ♂, 3 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 29. ix. 2016, ex. Switenia mahagoni, Prabhu, G.; 2 ♂, 5 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 30. vi. 2016, Prabhu, G.; 1 ♂, Bangalore, Attur, 24. x. 2016, Prabhu, G.; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 04. vi. 2016, Prabhu, G.; 1 ♀, Uttara Kannada, Dandeli, 29. v. 2008, Umeshkumar; 1 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 10. vi. 2011, N’ 13 o 02 ’ E, 77 o 36 ’, Meenakshi, J.; 1 ♀, Bangalore, Surdenapura, 10. iii. 2010, Mallesh; 1 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 21. ix. 2013, Salini, S.; 1 ♀, Bangalore, Silk Board, 31. xii. 2009, Mallesh; 1 ♀, Raichur, Agricultural College, 06. i. 2011, N 16 o 11 ’ E, 77 o 19 ’, Umeshkumar; 1 ♀, Tumkur, Kunigal, 18. ix. 2011, N 13 o 02 ’ E, 77 o 35 ’, Basanth, Y. S.; 1 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 02. viii. 2012, Salini, S.; Kerala: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Thrissur, KAU, Vellanikkara, students collection; Tamil Nadu: 1 ♀, Chidambaram, 02. vi. 2016, Veenakumari, K.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22223E363FF0F22B8B7BDFE45.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Memon et al. (2002) resurrected H dentatus from the synonymy with H. serrigera and proposed a new replacement name for it (H. fabricii). Based on examination of several dissected specimens from various localities, H. serrigera is treated here as synonym of H. dentatus. Memon et al. (2002) claimed that the length of paraclypei in respect to clypeus, length of antennal segments, shape of parameral crown, length of conjunctival processes, presence or absence of a small additional lobe on dorsal conjunctival process and length of processes of adeagus in respect to length of conjunctival processes are suitable for differentiating H. dentata from H. serrigera. During the present study these characters were found to be highly variable intraspecifically. The variability associated with the shape of the parameral crown (especially the concavity of dorsolateral margin and tooth on parameral crown) is illustrated (Figs 57 – 60). Dr. Henrik Enghoff and Anders Illum (Natural History Museum of Denmark) were kind enough to send images of the habitus as well as the dissected male genitalia of the lectotype of H. dentata (Figs 18 – 28). Comparison of these images with freshly dissected specimens of H. serrigera confirmed the synonymy of H. dentata and H. serrigera. Rider (2006) listed this species as Halys serriger. The gender of the generic name Halys, however, is feminine (ICZN 1999, Art. 30.2.3), therefore the adjectival epithet in accordance with the gender of the genus is serrigera.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22224E37EFF0F276AB760FE1B.taxon	description	(Figs 6, 7)	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22224E37EFF0F276AB760FE1B.taxon	description	Integument and vestiture. Dorsum including head covered with dense, irregular dark brown to black punctures, sometimes forming irregular patches or spots. Ventral surface including legs with dark brown to black, coarse, dense punctures. Body glabrous. Structure. Labium elongate reaching anterior margin of abdominal segment VII. Anterior and posterior margins of pronotum nearly straight. Humeri angulate, not elevated, disc of pronotum and scutellum more or less flat. Other characters as in generic description. External male genitalia (Figs 61 – 76). Genital capsule. Quadrangular. Dorsal rim outlined with mat of minute, fine hairs, widely and shallowly excavated concave, with median short region, black and glabrous (Fig. 61); slightly notched adjacent to caudal lobes; infoldings with sublateral region sclerotized black with tooth reduced to mere sclerotized, minute serrations towards end of sclerotized region on either side of median black region (Fig. 94); ventral rim together with infoldings broadly and widely excavated concave, lack the median, inverted U-shaped process unlike in other species and with a median tumescence, notched medially (Fig. 62); 1 + 1 sclerotized, obliquely straight narrow ridge on sides of median tumescence on inner side; ridges reaching caudolateral margin of infoldings; infoldings well developed, elevated, laterally joined to caudal lobes by a minute V-notch. Paramere. Roughly C-shaped (Figs 64 – 66), with apically angulate and expanded crown, short stem and expanded plate-like apodeme. Crown with short, blunt, black tooth medially on dorsolateral margin. Phallus. Articulatory apparatus with basal plates and support bridge complex, dorsal connectives widened into 1 + 1 oval capitate processes (Figs 67, 98). Phallosoma sclerotized, constricted towards both ends, broadest medially and concave dorsally; two pairs of membranous conjunctival processes, dorsal pair elongate with bifid apex (Figs 69, 70), ventral pair shorter than dorsal pair (Figs 71, 72). Processes of aedeagus hard, sclerotized, fused along midline at proximal half encompassing short, sclerotized aedeagus and separated at distal half; distal half expanded into a subrectangular plate with rounded apical margin (Fig. 72); aedeagus obliquely bent upwards and shorter than processes of aedeagus. External female genitalia (Figs 73 – 76). Terminalia. Valvifers VIII roughly triangular, with mesal margin straight, inner posterior angles rounded; posterior margin nearly straight or slightly convex. Valvulae VIII with apical (= caudal) margin not uniformly rounded, but distinctly indented medially (roughly broad W-shaped) forming two lobes (Fig. 76). Valvifers IX single, transverse, narrow, inverted trapezoidal sclerite. Laterotergite IX obliquely placed, not reaching apex of abdomen. Laterotergite VIII broad, elongate, triangular with nearly smooth caudal margin. Spermatheca (Fig. 73) apical receptacle orbicular with two finger-like processes, directed towards flanges.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22224E37EFF0F276AB760FE1B.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. This species can be differentiated from other species of Halys by the peculiar shape of paramere and absence of inverted U-shaped process on ventral rim of genital capsule but with a median tumescence. The parameral crown is apically angulate, possessing a single tooth around the middle of its dorsolateral magin, triangular valvifers VIII with posterior margin nearly straight or slightly convex (Figs 74, 75) and valvulae VIII distinctly indented medially (roughly broad W-shaped) (Table 1).	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22224E37EFF0F276AB760FE1B.taxon	description	Measurements (in mm). Median (minimum – maximum). Males (n = 5). Body length 18.39 (17.20 – 19.52); head length 4.56 (4.18 – 4.83), head width 3.23 (3.05 – 3.44), interocular width 1.77 (1.58 – 1.97), lengths of antennal segments (I) 1.11 (1.04 – 1.19): (II) 2.35 (2.06 – 2.52): (III) 2.50 (2.36 – 2.70): (IV) 2.36 (2.35 – 2.36): (V) 1.90 (1.89 – 1.91); lengths of labial segments (I) 2.31 (2.15 – 2.38): (II) 4.17 (3.84 – 4.51): (III) 4.75 (4.42 – 4.95): (IV) 3.00 (2.79 – 3.17); pronotum length 3.93 (3.72 – 4.13); pronotum width 8.71 (8.03 – 9.34); scutellum length 6.66 (6.05 – 7.00); scutellum width 4.88 (4.36 – 5.23). Females (n = 5). Body length 21.07 (19.27 – 22.96); head length 4.89 (4.47 – 5.20), head width 3.44 (3.34 – 3.61), interocular width 1.97 (1.83 – 2.12), lengths of antennal segments (I) 1.13 (1.04 – 1.33): (II) 2.38 (2.25 – 2.61): (III) 2.39 (2.31 – 2.57): (IV) 2.25 (2.15 – 2.34): (V) 1.78; lengths of labial segments (I) 2.45 (2.26 – 2.67): (II) 4.32 (4.21 – 4.51): (III) 4.75 (4.51 – 5.00): (IV) 3.00 (2.79 – 3.21); pronotum length 4.25 (3.82 – 4.53); pronotum width 9.28 (8.27 – 10.24); scutellum length 7.26 (6.48 – 7.86); scutellum width 5.25 (4.64 – 5.78).	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22224E37EFF0F276AB760FE1B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: Karnataka: 1 ♀, Hebbal, 08. iv. 1976; 1 ♀, Sirsi, 13. v. 1979, Kumar, A. R. V.; 1 ♂, Bangalore, 916 m, 03. ix. 1979; 1 ♀, Bangalore, 15. viii. 1982, students; 1 ♀, Hebbal, students; 1 ♂, Bangalore, 916 m, 08. viii. 1988, Hegde, S. K.; 1 ♀, Mudigere, students; 1 ♂, Mudigere, 06. ii. 1993; 1 ♀, Bangalore, GKVK, students; 3 ♀, Bangalore, 916 m, 11. iv. 2004, Hari; 1 ♀, Hebbal, 14. ii. 2005, students; 1 ♀, Bangalore, GKVK, 05. v. 2005, students; 1 ♀; 1 ♂, Mudigere, 980 m, 21. v. 2005, students; 1 ♂, Bangalore, GKVK, 22. v. 2005, students; 1 ♀, Bangalore, GKVK, 07. vi. 2005, students; 1 ♀, Hebbal, Bangalore, 16. vii. 2005, Salini, S.; 1 ♀, Mudigere, 980 m, Rekha, M.; 1 ♀, Mandya, 07. xi. 2005, students; 1 ♀, Bangalore, 916 m, 28. iv. 2006, Salini, S.; 1 ♀, Mudigere, Naveen, K. S.; 1 ♂, Mudigere, 28. ii. 2008, Kalleshwaraswamy; 1 ♀, Raichur, 11 - 12. ix. 2008, Murthy, S.; 9 ♂; 2 ♀, Bangalore, Hebbal, 01. v. 2012, ex. Spathodea, Manjunath, B; 1 ♀, Bangalore, GKVK, 930 m, 12 o 58 ’ N 77 o 85 ’ E, 04. ii. 2012, Yeshwanth, H. M.; 1 ♀, Bangalore, GKVK, 28. ii. 2014, Yeshwanth, H. M.; 1 ♀; 1 ♂, Bangalore, GKVK, 930 m, 12 o 58 ’ N, 77 o 35 ’ E, 07. iii. 2014, ex Murraya sp., Salini, S.; 1 ♂, Bangalore, Hebbal, 16. viii. 2014, Salini, S.; 1 ♂, Mudigere, Kantha Raj.; Kerala: 1 ♂, Thrissur, KAU, Vellanikkara, Students collection.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22224E37EFF0F276AB760FE1B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was originally described by Ghauri (1988) from Coonoor, Tamil Nadu, and has not been reported outside of Tamil Nadu so far. This species is recorded for the first from Karnataka and Kerala.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22239E37DFF0F23CEB151FEF0.taxon	description	(Figs 8, 9)	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22239E37DFF0F23CEB151FEF0.taxon	description	Integument and vestiture. Dorsum including head covered with dense, irregular dark brown to black punctures, sometimes in clusters. Ventral surface including legs with dark brown to black, coarse, dense punctures. Body glabrous. Structure. Labium surpassing anterior margin of ventrite VI. Lateral and posterior margins of pronotum nearly straight. Humeri angulate, but not elevated. Disc of pronotum as well as scutellum more or less flat. Other characters as in generic description. External male genitalia (Figs 77 – 90). Genital capsule. Quadrangular. Dorsal rim outlined with mat of minute, fine pubescence, widely and shallowly excavated concave, with median, small U-shaped notch, pigmented black. Dorsal rim slightly indented adjacent to caudal lobes; infoldings sclerotized black forming 1 + 1 kidney shaped, moderately deep impressions on sides of median notch, infoldings with sclerotized 1 + 1 short, black tooth submedially on sides of median notch (Fig. 95); ventral rim together with infoldings widely and deeply excavated concave medially; infoldings with median region convex, dorsally possessing small, short, spout-like median projection (Fig. 78); 1 + 1 sclerotized, obliquely straight narrow ridge on sides of median convex region on inner side, reaching caudolateral margin of infoldings; infoldings well developed, lamellate, elevated, laterally reaching adjacent to caudal lobes as small rounded projection (Fig. 78). Paramere roughly C-shaped (Figs 80 – 82), with expanded lanceolate crown, short stem and expanded plate-like apodeme. Crown with one short, blunt, black, slightly curved, hook-like tooth at caudal apex and another continued as indistinct ridge or narrow black patch medially. Phallus. Articulatory apparatus with basal plates and support bridge complex, dorsal connectives widened into 1 + 1 roughly quadrangular capitate processes (Fig. 83, 99). Phallosoma sclerotized, constricted towards both ends, broadest medially and concave dorsally; two pairs of membranous conjunctival processes, dorsal pair elongate and longer than processes of aedeagus, with apex rounded, ventral pair subequal to dorsal pair (Figs 84 – 86). Processes of aedeagus hard, sclerotized, highly sclerotized and free (not fused), apically narrowly excavated concave (Fig. 86); aedeagus moderately long and broadly curved upwards. External female genitalia (Figs 87 – 90). Terminalia. Valvifers VIII roughly quadrangular, with mesal margin slightly concave, inner posterior angles rounded; posterior margin slightly convex to nearly straight. Valvulae VIII with apical (= caudal) margin uniformly rounded (Fig. 90). Valvifers IX single transverse, narrow sclerite with indistinct median fusion line. Laterotergite IX obliquely placed and distinctly shorter than apex of abdomen. Laterotergite VIII broad, elongate and triangular with nearly smooth caudal margin. Spermatheca (Fig. 87) apical receptacle orbicular with two finger-like processes, directed towards flanges.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22239E37DFF0F23CEB151FEF0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the short, spout-like median process on the infoldings of ventral rim of genital capsule, expanded parameral crown with two tooth, one situated apically and another medially towards ventrolateral margin of crown, quadrangular valvifers VIII with posterior margin nearly straight (Figs 88, 89) and valvulae VIII with caudal margin uniformly rounded (Table 1). The females of this species can be differentiated from H. shaista by the shape of the valvifers IX, which appear to be divided due to the presence of a indistinct median fusion line (Fig. 88), whereas in H. shaista, the valvifers IX is single, continuous sclerite lacking median fusion line (Fig. 74).	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22239E37DFF0F23CEB151FEF0.taxon	description	Measurements (in mm). Median (minimum – maximum). Males (n = 4). Body length 20.36 (19.91 – 20.63); head length 4.80 (4.56 – 5.13), head width 3.29 (3.22 – 3.43), interocular width 1.99 (1.92 – 2.09), lengths of antennal segments (I) 0.95 (0.87 – 1.00): (II) 2.17 (2.05 – 2.27): (III) 2.44 (2.36 – 2.56): (IV) 2.10 (1.99 – 2.22): (V) 1.72; lengths of labial segments (I) 2.26 (2.15 – 2.49): (II) 4.43 (4.18 – 4.64): (III) 4.19 (3.90 – 4.35): (IV) 2.53 (1.94 – 2.89); pronotum length 4.20 (4.15 – 4.25); pronotum width 9.09 (8.81 – 9.29); scutellum length 7.55 (7.39 – 7.69); scutellum width 5.39 (5.19 – 5.55). Females (n = 2). Body length 20.83 (20.73 – 20.93); head length 5.02 (4.98 – 5.06), head width 3.41 (3.38 – 3.43), interocular width 2.07 (2.02 – 2.11), lengths of antennal segments (I) 0.88 (0.79 – 0.96): (II) 2.21 (2.17 – 2.25): (III) 2.38 (2.31 – 2.44): (IV) 1.92: (V) 1.61; lengths of labial segments (I) 2.16 (2.15 – 2.16): (II) 3.98 (3.80 – 4.17): (III) 4.25 (4.18 – 4.32): (IV) 2.7 (2.61 – 2.79); pronotum length 4.22 (4.16 – 4.29); pronotum width 9.21 (9.08 – 9.33); scutellum length 7.54 (7.51 – 7.57); scutellum width 5.57 (5.49 – 5.64).	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22239E37DFF0F23CEB151FEF0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA: New Delhi: 3 ♂, 2 ♀, IARI, 13. v. 2008, Shama, P., ex mango; 1 ♂, IARI, 02. v. 2008, Shama, P.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
0C3D87C22239E37DFF0F23CEB151FEF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is restricted to the northern region of India; the only record from southern India is the one by Chopra (1974) from Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) (as H. magnus), but the determination is questionable and needs verification. There are quite a few species (see the details below) described from Pakistan by various authors but with no valid characters to prove their distinctness from the already described species, as most of the characters are homoplasious and subject of strong intraspecific variation. Based on the original descriptions of H. sindilla (as H. sindillus) and H. spinosa (as H. spinosus) and based on the study of the specimens of H. sulcata, it was found that there are no valid characters to separate them from H. sulcata. The characters listed by Memon et al. (2006) and Shaikh et al. (2011) such as tooth on lateral margin of head, length of paraclypei with respect to tylus, length of antennal segments, length of hemelytra with respect to abdomen, peritreme shape, shape of apical spine and apical margin of parameral crown, the extension of apical margin of paramere with respect to apical spine, shape of inner margin of paramere, shape of valvifers I in females are regarded as miner intraspecific variations. Similarly, H. mulberriensis and H. noakoatensis, are recognized as conspecific and also identical with H. sulcata, based on the original descriptions and illustrations except for the weird characters like “ very thin and spine-like ” apical portions of dorsal conjunctival processes for H. mulberriensis and the particularly elongate dorsal membranous conjunctival processes with its thin and “ sickle-shaped ” apical end for H. noakoatensis. This single diagnostic character of the conjunctival processes appears to be merely an artifact, probably a result of an incomplete inflation or subsequent collapse of the conjunctiva. Other characters listed by Memon et al. (2016 & 2017) (length of paraclypei with respect to tylus, shape of inner spine of paramere, number of finger-like processes on spermathecal pump) are regarded merely as minor intraspecific variations. Therefore the following synonymies are proposed: H. sulcata (Thunberg, 1783) = Halys sindilla Memon, Meier & Manan, 2006, syn. nov. = Halys spinosa Shaikh, Memon & Shah, 2011, syn. nov. = Halys mulberriensis Memon, Parveen, Ahmad & Shaikh, 2016, syn. nov. = Halys noakoatensis Memon, Parveen, Ahmad & Shah, 2017, syn. nov.	en	Salini, S. (2019): Revision of the genus Halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) with description of a new species from India. Zootaxa 4586 (2): 351-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.9
