identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFF53FCAB58B0.text	081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFF53FCAB58B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chameloscyphon Watts 2011	<div><p>Chameloscyphon Watts, 2011</p><p>Diagnosis. Length 3–4mm; elongate; legs stout; head recumbent; eyes small, distance from subgenal ridge to bottom of eye a little more than diameter of eye, subgenal ridge without buttonhole; antenna without enlarged scape, antennomeres 2 &amp; 3 not reduced; labial palpi straight (sensu Watts &amp; Zwick (2019)); mandible with one strong tooth, molar without small spines; pronotum transverse, anterolateral angles rounded; pronotal process broad at apex, corresponding notch in mesoventrite well marked; mesoventral process about twice as wide as long; mesepisternum smooth. Penis short; trigonium short, broad, anterior angles each with a short hook; tegmen without styli (Fig. 65 in Watts 2011). Female micropterous, with disc of pronotum deeply excavated each side of midline, excavation open behind; ventrite 4 without row of modified setae; gonocoxites strongly sclerotised, short, shovel-like; gonostyli minute, subapical; prehensor well developed (Fig. 32 in Watts 2011). Larvae not known.</p><p>Included species. Chameloscyphon huonensis Watts.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFF53FCAB58B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Watts, C. H. S.;Bradford, T. M.;Cooper, S. J. B.	Watts, C. H. S., Bradford, T. M., Cooper, S. J. B. (2021): A new genus, Perplexacara, and new generic placements of species of Australian marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) based on morphology and molecular genetic data. Zootaxa 4927 (4): 539-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.4.4
081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFD40FD905E8D.text	081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFD40FD905E8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Daploeuros Watts 2011	<div><p>Daploeuros Watts, 2011</p><p>Diagnosis. Length 6–11mm. Eyes small, distance from subgenal ridge to bottom of eye a little more than diameter of eye, subantennal groove deep, with supraantennal ridge separating groove from eye, subantennal groove deep, with supraantennal ridge separating groove from eye, subgenal ridge without buttonhole; antenna without enlarged scape, antennomeres 2 &amp; 3 not reduced; labial palpi straight (sensu Watts &amp; Zwick 2019); mandible with one strong tooth, molar without small spines; pronotum transverse, anterolateral angles strongly produced forward; pronotal process broad at apex, corresponding notch in mesoventrite well marked; mesoventral process about twice as wide as long; mesepisternum rugose. Penis moderately elongate, trigonium bilobed, tegmen without styli (Figs 60–62 in Watts 2011). Female micropterous; ventrite 4 with a row of long setae near posterior edge; gonocoxites elongate, moderately sclerotized, gonostyli moderately long, apical; prehensor well developed (Fig. 33 in Watts 2011, Ruta 2020). Larvae not known.</p><p>Included species. Daploeuros lamingtonensis Watts, 2011; D. reichertae Ruta, 2020; D. spencei (Armstrong, 1953); D. hadrostiktos Watts, 2011 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFD40FD905E8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Watts, C. H. S.;Bradford, T. M.;Cooper, S. J. B.	Watts, C. H. S., Bradford, T. M., Cooper, S. J. B. (2021): A new genus, Perplexacara, and new generic placements of species of Australian marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) based on morphology and molecular genetic data. Zootaxa 4927 (4): 539-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.4.4
081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFA80FBA45CE1.text	081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFA80FBA45CE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasyscyphon Watts 2011	<div><p>Dasyscyphon Watts, 2011</p><p>Diagnosis. Length 3–5mm. Legs stout. Eyes small, head recumbent, distance from subgenal ridge to bottom of eye a little more than diameter of eye, subantennal groove deep, with supraantennal ridge separating groove from eye, antenna without enlarged scape, antennomeres 2 and 3 not reduced; labial palpi straight (sensu Watts &amp; Zwick (2019)) or nearly so (in Dasyscyphon tasmanicus); mandible with one strong tooth, molar without small spines; pronotum transverse, anterolateral angles weakly projecting forward; elytral punctures much larger than those on pronotum; pronotal process broad at apex, corresponding notch in mesoventrite well marked; mesoventral process about twice as wide as long; mesepisternum rugose/punctate. Penis stout, simple; trigonium finger-like, as long as parameroids; tegmen without styli (Figs 63, 64 in Watts 2011). Female winged, ventrite 4 without transverse row of long setae; gonocoxites thin, moderately sclerotised, gonostyli thin, very short, apical; prehensor well developed (Figs 43, 44 in Watts (2011). Larvae not known.</p><p>Included species. Dasyscyphon hadrostiktos Watts; D. victoriaensis Watts.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/081787E4FF8BFF82FF4EFA80FBA45CE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Watts, C. H. S.;Bradford, T. M.;Cooper, S. J. B.	Watts, C. H. S., Bradford, T. M., Cooper, S. J. B. (2021): A new genus, Perplexacara, and new generic placements of species of Australian marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) based on morphology and molecular genetic data. Zootaxa 4927 (4): 539-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.4.4
081787E4FF8BFF85FF4EF8A4FDA359DB.text	081787E4FF8BFF85FF4EF8A4FDA359DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrodascillus Carter 1935	<div><p>Macrodascillus Carter, 1935 (Figs 2–4)</p><p>Modified description. Length 4.5–11.0mm. Eye normal size; without well-marked subantennal carina, without subantennal groove; antenna with scape greatly enlarged, widely oval, compressed, upper edge sharp, antennomere 2 small, inserted at end of scape, antennomere 3 smaller, together equal to or shorter than antennomere 4; subgenal ridge without buttonhole; with one strong mandibular tooth and a smaller one and/or a roughened area behind it; labial palpi forked (sensu Watts &amp; Zwick 2019) or straight; anterolateral angles of pronotum square or projected forward, anterolateral angles of clypeus not projecting forward; mesoventral notch relatively long, narrowly ‘V’- shaped; pilosity on ventrites uniform except in M. insolitus which has a small area of larger punctures/setae on each side of ventrite. Male genitalia relatively simple, without endophallus (Fig. 66 in Watts 2011). Females winged, gonocoxites elongate, never strongly sclerotized.</p><p>Notes. Macrodascillus was first proposed by Carter (1935) to accommodate a large scirtid from Barrington Tops New South Wales which he named M. denticornis . This species was subsequently shown by Watts (2011) to be conspecific with Helodes scalaris Lea, 1895 leading to the placement of H. scalaris into Macrodascillus . The species is recognized by its large size, enlarged scape, very small antennomeres 2 and 3, serrated antennae particularly in the male, strong mandibles each with a tooth, the anterolateral angles of the pronotum projected forward, male genitalia simple and female ovipositor simple with well-developed prehensor (Watts 2011, Watts &amp; Zwick 2019). A second relatively similar species, M. pannuceus Watts, was added by Watts (2011). This paper adds two additional species, M. insolitus (Watts 2010) and M. lamingtonensis (Watts 2010) . When describing these two species Watts 2010 drew attention to their similarity to M. scalaris, particularly the form of the scape and antennomeres 2 and 3. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data in this paper places both of these species as congeneric with M. scalaris and we herein transfer them from Prionocyphon Redenbacher to Macrodascillus Carter.</p><p>The larvae of three of the species now in Macrodascillus are known (Watts 2014). Those of M. insolitus and M. scalaris are saproxylic and those of M. lamingtonensis live in small rock pools beside creeks and rivers. These larvae are morphologically distinct from each other and do not support a close relationship between these three species.</p><p>The genus as now constituted is found in wet Eucalypt forest from southern Queensland to southern Tasmania with one species ( M. pannuceus) restricted to higher areas of the Atherton Tablelands .</p><p>Included species. Macrodascillus insolitus (Watts, 2010), M. lamingtonensis (Watts, 2010), M. scalaris (Lea, 1895), M. pannuceus Watts, 2011 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/081787E4FF8BFF85FF4EF8A4FDA359DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Watts, C. H. S.;Bradford, T. M.;Cooper, S. J. B.	Watts, C. H. S., Bradford, T. M., Cooper, S. J. B. (2021): A new genus, Perplexacara, and new generic placements of species of Australian marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) based on morphology and molecular genetic data. Zootaxa 4927 (4): 539-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.4.4
081787E4FF8CFF87FF4EFBB2FE83582F.text	081787E4FF8CFF87FF4EFBB2FE83582F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Perplexacara Watts & Bradford & Cooper 2021	<div><p>Perplexacara gen. nov.</p><p>Description. Length 3.0– 5.5mm. Eye normal size (small in P. latusmandibulara); without well-marked subantennal groove or carina. Antenna with scape greatly enlarged, widely oval, compressed, upper edge sharp; antennomere 2 small, inserted at end of scape, antennomere 3 smaller, together equal to or shorter than antennomere 4; subgenal ridge without buttonhole; mandible with one small tooth near apex; anterolateral angles of pronotum square or projected forward, anterolateral angles of clypeus not projecting forward (except in P. latusmandibulara); labial palpi forked (sensu Watts &amp; Zwick 2019); pronotal process narrow between procoxae, expanding to a narrow diamondshape at apex; mesoventral notch absent or small and U-shaped; pilosity on ventrites uniform. Females winged, gonocoxites elongate, never strongly sclerotized.</p><p>Larvae not known.</p><p>Etymology. Latin perplexa – enigmatic, a reference to the enigmatic morphology of the three included species. Cara – a common Scirtidae genus ending for Australian Scirtidae . Gender feminine.</p><p>Type species. Prionocyphon macroflavidus Watts.</p><p>Notes. A group of three species previously placed in the genus Prionocyphon principally on their enlarged scape and small antennomeres 2 and 3. All three of these species were considered to be atypical Prionocyphon by Watts (2010) when describing them although all in different ways. Perplexacara latusmandibulara in particular has a large number of distinctive apomorphic character states (Watts 2010).</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data in Cooper et al. (2014) placed the three species now grouped together under Perplexacara as distinct from the other Australian Prionocyphon as well as from P. serricornis Müller, the type species of the genus. The current study strongly suggests that, despite their considerable morphological differences, they form a close phylogenetic relationship. These three species can be separated from the other Australian species currently placed in Prionocyphon by the lack of a buttonhole on the subgenal ridge, the homogeneity of the abdominal pilosity, and the absence of an endophallus, all characters found in many of the Australian species currently placed in Prionocyphon .</p><p>Clearly the relationship of European Prionocyphon serricornis to Perplexacara and the Australian species remaining in Prionocyphon, together with the other Prionocyphon- like species from Southeast Asia requires additional study (Zwick 2016).</p><p>Although well separated genetically (Fig.1) species of Perplexacara are morphologically close to Macrodascillus but can be separated from this genus by their smaller size, presence of only one small tooth on the mandible rather than one strong one with a roughened area behind it and a small, U’-shaped mesoventral notch.</p><p>Larvae unknown.</p><p>Notes. The genus is found in wet Eucalypt forest in Southeast Australia from northern New South Wales to southern Tasmania.</p><p>Included species. Perplexacara caementum (Watts, 2010), P. latusmandibulara (Watts, 2010), P. macroflavida (Watts, 2010) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/081787E4FF8CFF87FF4EFBB2FE83582F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Watts, C. H. S.;Bradford, T. M.;Cooper, S. J. B.	Watts, C. H. S., Bradford, T. M., Cooper, S. J. B. (2021): A new genus, Perplexacara, and new generic placements of species of Australian marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) based on morphology and molecular genetic data. Zootaxa 4927 (4): 539-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.4.4
081787E4FF8EFF86FF4EFDE7FA175838.text	081787E4FF8EFF86FF4EFDE7FA175838.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scirtidae Fleming 1821	<div><p>Key to the genera and species of Australian Scirtidae with either or both an enlarged scape and very small antennomeres 2 &amp; 3 or a well-marked subantennal groove: genera included in this paper plus Calvarium Pic, Pachycyphon Zwick, Prionocyphon and Spaniosdascillus Watts. (Based on key in Watts &amp; Zwick (2019)).</p><p>1 Supraantennal ridge strong, long, turning ventrally in front of eye and forming a distinct groove and ridge forwards from the eye. Antennomere 2 not much shorter than scape........................................................... 2</p><p>- Supraantennal ridge short, ending where it meets the edge of the eye; no crest or deep groove in front of eye. Antennomere 2 much smaller than scape............................................................................... 6</p><p>2(1) Ventrites 1–4 connate. Restricted to higher regions of north Queensland (Zwick 2014)............... Pachycyphon Zwick</p><p>- Ventrites not connate. Found in wetter areas from Northern Australia to Tasmania ................................. 3</p><p>3(2) Scape large, disc-shaped with sharp anterior edge (Zwick 2014)..................................... Calvarium Pic</p><p>- Scape of normal size, not as above........................................................................ 4</p><p>4(3) Mandibles strongly projecting. Anterolateral angles of pronotum projecting forward. Mesepisternum rugose. Gonocoxites elongate, gonostyli small to medium in length.................................................................. 5</p><p>- Mandibles not strongly projecting. Anterolateral angles of pronotum rounded. Mesepisternum smooth. Gonocoxites widely triangular, shovel-like, gonostyli minute (Watts 2011)............................. Chameloscyphon huonensis Watts</p><p>5 (4) Length 3.0– 4.5mm. Elytral punctures much larger than those on pronotum. Mesoventral process longer than wide. Female winged, ventrite 4 without transverse row of setae............................................ Dasyscyphon Watts</p><p>- Length 7–11mm. Elytral punctures similar to those on pronotum or smaller. Mesoventral process longer than wide. Female micropterous, ventrite 4 with transverse row of setae............................................ Daploeuros Watts</p><p>6(1) Length 3.0– 5.4mm. Mandible with one small tooth; mesoventral notch weakly developed, obsolete or shallowly U-shaped..................................................................................................... 7</p><p>- Length 4.5–11.0mm. Mandible with several strong teeth; mesoventral notch well developed, deep, V-shaped........... 9</p><p>7(6) Mandibles very broad, as wide as long, tips short; eyes small, base of eye width of 8–10 eye facets from subgenal ridge; Tasmania ..................................................................... P. latusmandibulara (Watts)</p><p>- Mandibles much longer than wide, tips long; eyes medium to large, base of eye width 1–4 eye facets from subgenal ridge; mainland of Australia and Tasmania ...................................................................... 8</p><p>8(6) Length 3.8–5.4mm. Distance from edge of eye to subgenal ridge width of 1–2 eye facets.......... P. macroflavida (Watts)</p><p>- Length 3.0– 3.4mm. Distance from bottom of eye to subgenal ridge width of 3–4 eye facets.......... P. caementum (Watts)</p><p>9 (7) Labial palpi straight; elytra with ribs or uneven surface...................................................... 10</p><p>- Labial palpi forked; elytra without ribs, surface smooth...................................................... 11</p><p>10(9) Apical segments of maxillary and labial palpi with obliquely truncated apexes (Watts 2011); often with uneven dorsal surface.................................................................................... M. pannuceus Watts - Apical segments of maxillary and labial palpi with rounded apexes; male with smooth dorsal surface...... M. scalaris (Lea)</p><p>11(9) Elongate, penultimate segment of labial palpus broad, scoop-like.............................. Spaniosdascillus Watts</p><p>- Oval, penultimate segment of labial palpus elongate-oval, not scoop-like........................................ 12</p><p>12(11) Subgenal ridge with buttonhole (sensu Zwick 2016); pilosity on first ventrite heterogeneous.......... Prionocyphon species</p><p>- Subgenal ridge without buttonhole; pilosity on first ventrite homogeneous except for small area in M. insolitus .................................................................................................. 13</p><p>13 (12) Head not depressed between eyes; pronotum strongly punctate, punctures much larger than setae bases; Tasmania ............................................................................................. M. insolitus (Watts)</p><p>- Head depressed between eyes; pronotum with punctures little larger than setae bases; coastal New South Wales and southern Queensland .................................................................... M. lamingtonensis (Watts)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/081787E4FF8EFF86FF4EFDE7FA175838	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Watts, C. H. S.;Bradford, T. M.;Cooper, S. J. B.	Watts, C. H. S., Bradford, T. M., Cooper, S. J. B. (2021): A new genus, Perplexacara, and new generic placements of species of Australian marsh beetles (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) based on morphology and molecular genetic data. Zootaxa 4927 (4): 539-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4927.4.4
