identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
052387912125FFBBFF4DFDA9FA22444D.text	052387912125FFBBFF4DFDA9FA22444D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epirhyssa Zuñiga & Hanson 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to Costa Rican species of  Epirhyssa (females) </p>
            <p> Modified from Gauld (1991) and Gauld and Ward (1997); additional illustrations can be found in these publications.  Epirhyssa corralesi Gauld was synonymized with  E. oaxaca Porter by Khalaim et al. 2021. </p>
            <p>1. Fore wing without blackish mark at apex.................................................................. 2</p>
            <p>- Fore wing with a distinct blackish mark at apex, or at least weakly infumate...................................... 9</p>
            <p>2. Ventral part of occipital carina complete, joining hypostomal carina above base of mandible (Fig. 1)................... 3</p>
            <p>- Ventral part of occipital carina absent, thus this carina does not join the hypostomal carina (Fig. 2).................... 6</p>
            <p> 3. Tergite II of metasoma extensively smooth and polished, with scattered hairs only anteriorly and laterally.  E. prolasia Porter</p>
            <p>- Tergite II of metasoma with alutaceous sculpture (fine wrinkling) over entire surface, and more or less uniformly covered with short hairs.......................................................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4. Head, mesosoma and metasoma predominantly blackish brown (Fig. 3). [Mesoscutum with closely spaced, coarse short dark pubescence.]............................................................................  E. curtisi Gauld</p>
            <p>- Head, mesosoma and metasoma predominantly yellowish with extensive black marks (Fig. 4)........................ 5</p>
            <p> 5. Tergite I at least 1.8 × as long as posterior width; propodeum with a narrow posteromedian black mark, occupying less than 1/3 the width of dorsal surface (Fig. 5)........................................................  E. oranensis Gauld</p>
            <p> - Tergite I less than 1.8 × as long as posterior width; propodeum with a broad posteromedian black mark, occupying more than 1/2 the width of dorsal surface (Fig. 6)......................................  E. leonoreae Zuñiga &amp; Hanson ,  sp.n.</p>
            <p>6. Mesoscutum with three complete longitudinal black stripes, two lateral stripes not reaching lateral margin (Fig. 7)........ 7</p>
            <p>- Mesoscutum with complete longitudinal black stripe in middle and with two lateral black marks anteriorly that reach the lateral margins but do not extend posteriorly (Fig. 8).............................................................. 8</p>
            <p> 7. Antennal flagellum black, except segments 5–7 or 6–7 yellowish orange; metasomal tergites VI–VII at least partially yellow (Fig. 9).................................................................................  E. quirosi Gauld</p>
            <p> - Flagellum dark brown, except segments 2–5 slightly paler; metasomal tergites VI–VII entirely black (Fig. 10).....................................................................................  E. lewisi Zuñiga &amp; Hanson ,  sp.n.</p>
            <p> 8. Antennal flagellum with pale band on segments 9–13 (or 15); face usually with a blackish median vertical stripe; apical margin of clypeus with a small nipple-like median tubercle (Fig. 11)....................................  E. theloides Gauld</p>
            <p> - Flagellum with pale band on segments (5) 6–9 (or 10); face uniformly yellow; apical margin of clypeus with broad rounded median tubercle (Fig. 12)...............................................................  E. praecincta Porter</p>
            <p>9. Antennal flagellum more or less entirely black basally, without a pale submedian band and with only extreme apex slightly brownish; tergite I of metasoma moderately slender, 1.6–2.2 × as long as posteriorly broad......................... 10</p>
            <p>- Flagellum basally pale yellowish, sometimes with a submedian pale band; tergite I of metasoma very slender, 2.4 or more × as long as posteriorly broad.............................................................................. 13</p>
            <p> 10. Mesosoma and metasoma uniformly orange, face subquadrate, as broad as medially high (from clypeofacial suture to base of antenna)................................................................................  E. porteri Gauld</p>
            <p>- Mesosoma and metasoma yellow with profuse black markings; face transverse 1.1–1.3 × as broad as medially high (from clypeofacial suture to base of antenna)................................................................... 11</p>
            <p> 11. Lateral lobe of mesoscutum entirely yellow, or with a faint yellowish brown stripe, fore wing with first subdiscal cell very strongly widened distally, its distal breadth 2.4–2.7 × its basal breadth..........................  E. mexicana Cresson</p>
            <p>- Lateral lobe of mesoscutum with a longitudinal black stripe; fore wing with first subdiscal cell moderately widened distally, its distal breadth 1.5–2.1 × its basal breadth................................................................. 12</p>
            <p> 12. Apex of clypeus with a strong median tubercle; fore wing with a triangular black mark centered around distal end of Rs; distal apex of antenna slender, subapical flagellomeres about 1.2 × as broad as the central flagellomeres.......  E. frohbergi Gauld</p>
            <p> - Apex of clypeus without any trace of a median tubercle; fore wing with entire distal apex blackish; distal end of flagellum slightly clavate, subapical flagellomeres about 1.5 or more × as broad as the central flagellomeres...................................................................................................  E. zurquiae Gauld and Ward</p>
            <p> 13. Hind coxa yellowish orange, very long and slender, in profile about 3.4 × as long as broad; metasoma entirely orange; antennal flagellum without a submedian pale band..........................................................  E. osaensis</p>
            <p> - Hind coxa yellowish dorsally and black ventrally, moderately slender, in profile 2.7–2.9 × as long as broad; metasoma yellow and black banded; flagellum with a submedian pale band........................................  E. oaxaca Porter</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/052387912125FFBBFF4DFDA9FA22444D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zuñiga, Ronald;Hanson, Paul	Zuñiga, Ronald, Hanson, Paul (2024): Two new species of Epirhyssa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae) from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5406 (3): 441-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5406.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5406.3.3
052387912127FFBCFF4DFD58FCE54438.text	052387912127FFBCFF4DFD58FCE54438.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epirhyssa leonoreae Zuniga & Hanson 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Epirhyssa leonoreae Zúñiga &amp; Hanson ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 4, 7)</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Epirhyssa leonoreae is very similar to  Epirhyssa oranensis , but the former differs in having different colour patterns on the propodeum and metasoma. In the key to Peruvian species (Gómez et al., 2015),  E. leonorae goes to couplet 16, but differs from the included species in having the occipital carina joining the hypostomal carina and having tergite I about 1.5 × as long as wide. The darkened shallow groove extending from the subalar prominence to the mesopleural fovea is unusual among  Epirhyssa species.</p>
            <p>Description. Female. Fore wing length 10–16 mm. Head with occipital carina more or less complete, interrupted dorsally behind ocelli and often weak ventrally, but joining the hypostomal carina above base of mandible; posterior ocellus separated from eye by about 1.2–1.3 × its diameter; clypeus small, trapezoidal, with ventral margin straight to slightly convex; face as broad as medially high (from supraclypeal suture to base of antenna), smooth; antenna with 31 flagellomeres, apical flagellomeres much shorter and slightly wider than basal flagellomeres; gena smooth with sparse long setae ventrally. Mesosoma with strong epomia diverging from anterior margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with central lobe not overhanging pronotum; mesopleuron polished; subalar prominence strongly inflated; epicnemial carina quite weak, laterally reaching just above level of the lower corner of pronotum; hind coxa flat dorsally; fore wing with cu–a more or less opposite the base of Rs &amp; M; 1st subdiscal cell moderately broadened distally, its width near outer end about 1.8–2.2 × it basal width; abscissa of M between 2 rs–m and 2 m –cu 0.2–0.4 × as long as 2 rs–m; Rs weakly and evenly bowed; propodeum 2.4 times as long (measured along midline) as width of propodeal orifice, polished with sparse setae laterally, without evident median longitudinal depression. Metasoma with tergite I 1.5–1.8× as long as posteriorly broad, dorsal surface mostly smooth; tergites II–VII with alutaceous sculpture over entire surface and more or less uniformly covered with short hairs; suranal cornus short, covered with dark hairs dorsally, apex circular; ovipositor projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 4.2–5.2× the length of the hind tibia.</p>
            <p>Coloration. Antenna mostly brownish with first and part of second flagellomeres black. Head yellow with black on apical 2/3 of mandibles and with a transverse black band between inner eye margins and passing through ocellar triangle; dark brown arc above occipital carina. Mesosoma yellow except black (or dark brown) on following: hind margin of propleuron; median posterior part of pronotum, extending back near dorsal margin of lateral pronotum but not reaching hind margin; three longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum, scuto-scutellar groove and hind margin of scutellum; tegula; anterior margin of mesopleuron, on a very shallow groove extending from subalar prominence to mesopleural fovea and on mesopleural groove; anterior and posterior margins of propodeum, and with a broad posteromedial mark on dorsal surface. Metasoma with tergite I entirely yellow, tergites II–VII with anterior 0.7 (approximately) brownish and posterior part yellow, except extreme posterior margin dark brown; ovipositor sheath brown. Legs predominantly yellow, with some light brown markings on femora, distal tarsal segments blackish; hind coxa dark brown to black on ventral and dorsal surfaces. Wings light yellowish.</p>
            <p>Male. Structure similar to female, metasoma with extensive yellow.</p>
            <p> Material.   Holotype F: Costa Rica, Puntarenas Prov.: Est. La Casona, Monteverde,  Sendero Orquideas , 1520 m, iv.1995, A. Azofeifa, INBIOCRI002543759 (USNM)  .   Paratypes: 1F, Puntarenas Prov.: Buen Amigo,  San Luis Monteverde, 1000–1350 m, xi.1994, Z. Fuentes, INBIOCRI002111842 (MZUCR); 1F,  same data, ii. 1995, INBIOCRI002543222 (USNM) ; 1F,  same data, iii.1993, INBIOCRI001123780 (USUC) ; 1F,  same data, xi. 1995, INBIOCRI002358054 (MNCR) ; 1F,  same data, ii. 1993, INBIOCRI002130120 (MZUCR) ;   1F, Guanacaste Prov.: Río San Lorenzo,  Tierras Morenas , Z.P. Tenorio, 1050 m, vii.1993, G. Rodriguez, INBIOCRI001954443 (USUC)  ;   1F, Guanacaste Prov.: Arenales,  Estación Cacao , 1100 m, vi.1990, Malaise, INBIOCRI001692526 (MZUCR)  ;   1F, Guanacaste Prov.: la Cruz,  Estación Cacao , 1000–1150 m, xi–xii. 1996, A. Masis, INB0003138652 (MZUCR)  ; 1F,  same data, xi. 1994, J.F. Corrales, INBIOCRI002023075 (USNM) ;   1M, Puntarenas Prov.:  Estación Altamira , 1 km S Cerro Bioley, 1450 m, i. 1998, R. Villalobos, INBIOCRI002413553 (USUC)  . </p>
            <p>Comments. This species has been collected on the western side of the Tilaran and Guanacaste mountain ranges. Nothing is known about its hosts.</p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Leonore Ortega Fonseca, a brilliant and tenacious woman, full of life, for her love and patience, companion of the first author.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/052387912127FFBCFF4DFD58FCE54438	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zuñiga, Ronald;Hanson, Paul	Zuñiga, Ronald, Hanson, Paul (2024): Two new species of Epirhyssa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae) from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5406 (3): 441-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5406.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5406.3.3
052387912121FFBFFF4DFA30FED8441C.text	052387912121FFBFFF4DFA30FED8441C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Epirhyssa lewisi Zuniga & Hanson 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Epirhyssa lewisi Zúñiga &amp; Hanson ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 7, 10)</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Epirhyssa lewisi may be distinguished by its relatively short ovipositor (9.2–12.8 mm), weak occipital carina, antenna basally yellowish, and metasomal tergites VI–VIII entirely black. In the key to Peruvian species (Gómez et al., 2015),  E. lewisi goes to  E. simpirae Gómez &amp; Sääksjärvi in couplet 16, but differs by having a yellow mesosternum (as opposed to black) and by lacking a median longitudinal channel on the propodeum. </p>
            <p>Description. Female. Fore wing length 9.3–10 mm. Head with occipital carina weak, interrupted dorsally, not joining the hypostomal carina above base of mandible; posterior ocellus separated from eye by about 1.4– 1.5× its diameter; clypeus small, trapezoidal, with ventral margin straight; face as broad as medially high (from supraclypeal suture to base of antenna), smooth; antenna with 32 flagellomeres, apical flagellomeres much shorter and slightly wider than basal flagellomeres; gena smooth with sparse long setae ventrally. Mesosoma with strong epomia diverging from anterior margin of pronotum; mesoscutum with central lobe not overhanging pronotum; mesopleuron polished; subalar prominence strongly inflated; epicnemial carina reaching well above level of the lower corner of pronotum; hind coxa convex dorsally; fore wing with cu–a more or less opposite base of Rs &amp; M; 1st subdiscal cell moderately broadened distally, its width near outer end about 1.8–2.2× it basal width; abscissa of M between 2 rs–m and 2 m –cu 0.2× as long as 2 rs–m; Rs weakly and evenly bowed; propodeum short, 1.4× as long (measured along midline) as width of propodeal orifice, polished with sparse setae laterally, without median longitudinal depression. Metasoma with tergite I 1.2–1.4× as long as posteriorly broad, dorsal surface smooth; tergites II–VII mostly lacking evident sculpture, anterior part of each tergite with long dark hairs, posterior part with shorter more dispersed hairs polished, with anterior margin alutaceous and fine pubescence; suranal cornus short and broad, without hairs on dorsal surface and with apical flattened area transversely oval. Ovipositor projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 3.8–4.3× the length of the hind tibia.</p>
            <p>Coloration. Antenna mostly brownish, first flagellomere black, second to fifth light brown, remaining flagellomeres darker brown. Head yellow with black on apical 2/3 of mandibles and with a transverse black band between inner eye margins and passing through ocellar triangle; dark brown arc above occipital carina, disappearing ventrally. Mesosoma yellow except black (or dark brown) on following: hind margin of propleuron; median posterior part of pronotum; three longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum and scuto–scutellar groove; anterior margin of mesopleuron; extreme anterior margin of propodeum and arc surrounding propodeal orifice. Metasomal tergite I mostly yellow, light brown anteriorly; tergites II–IV light brown anteriorly, yellow in middle, dark brown posteriorly; tergite V same color but dark brown anteriorly; tergites VI–VIII dark brown to black; ovipositor sheath yellowish. Legs almost entirely yellow, with some light brown markings on femora. Wings light yellowish.</p>
            <p>Male. Unknown</p>
            <p> Material.   Holotype F: Costa Rica, Heredia Prov.: Estación Magsasay,  Sendero Terciopelo , 200m, xi.1990 – ii.1991, M. Zumbado, INBIOCRI002543363 (USNM)  .   Paratype 1F: Limón Prov.: Valle de la Estrella, Reserva Biol. Hitoy Cerere,  Sendero Toma de Agua , 140 m, vi–vii. 1999, F. Umaña, INB0003138899 (MZUCR)  . </p>
            <p> Comments.  Epirhyssa lewisi has been collected in the Central Volcanic mountain range and in the Caribbean lowlands. Nothing is known about its hosts. </p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of our friend James (Jim) Lewis, for his humanity, love of nature and of Costa Rica.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/052387912121FFBFFF4DFA30FED8441C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zuñiga, Ronald;Hanson, Paul	Zuñiga, Ronald, Hanson, Paul (2024): Two new species of Epirhyssa (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Rhyssinae) from Costa Rica. Zootaxa 5406 (3): 441-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5406.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5406.3.3
