identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
005187901820FFC4FF3393E759E1FE9F.text	005187901820FFC4FF3393E759E1FE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis	<div><p>Chrysis of inaequalis species-group</p><p>Chrysis (Pentachrysis) inaequalis species-group: Linsenmaier 1959: 165 (diagnosis). Chrysis inaequalis species-group: Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991: 320 (key), 349 (diagnosis), 329 (Fig. 107p), 331 (Fig. 108b), 335 (Fig. 109g), 336 (Fig. 110g).</p><p>Diagnosis. The Chrysis of inaequalis species-group is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: F1 slender, scapal basin deep, TFC strong and sharply projecting, mesopleuron bidentate or tridentate, T2 and T3 with sharp median carina, apex of T3 with four or six sharp teeth, and punctures on body large and deep.</p><p>Description. F1 l/w=3.0–4.0. Scapal basin deep, usually transversely ridged. TFC sharply projecting. MS 1.2– 2.0 MOD. Mesopleuron bidentate or tridentate, and somewhat bulging. Propodeal angle large, sharp and curved behind. T2 and T3 with sharp median carina. T3 with four or six sharp teeth and deep pit row. T3 transversely bulging before pit row. Black spots on S2 indistinct, fused or nearly so.</p><p>Biology. Parasitoids of Eumeninae ( Hymenoptera, Vespidae): Odynerus sp. (Berland &amp; Bernard 1938) and Eumenes coarctatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Kunz 1994) .</p><p>Species included. Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845, C. mysticalis Linsenmaier, 1959, C. placida Mocsáry, 1879, and C. extraordinaria Rosa, Wei &amp; Xu, sp. nov. .</p><p>Distribution. Palaearctic and Oriental Regions.</p><p>Remarks. Linsenmaier (1959) included inaequalis species-group into the subgenus Chrysis (Pentachrysis) due to the following combination of characters: elongated F1, sharp TFC, dentate mesopleuron, transverse bulge before pit row and body punctuation. Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) placed this species-group in the genus Chrysis and not Pentachrysis (raised to genus rank) due to the four teeth on the apex of T3 and differences in male terminalia. Nevertheless, all males from the genus Pentachrysis ( P. admiranda (Mocsáry, 1889), P. amoena (Eversmann, 1857), P. arrogans (Mocsáry, 1889), P. goliath (Abeille de Perrin, 1878), P. seminigra (Walker, 1871), P. zharptitza (Semenov, 1912)) have four sharp teeth and a very small median denticle, and similar genitalia to species from the C. inaequalis group (Linsenmaier 1959: Figs. 405–408). The small differences in the apical margin of T3 observed by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) do not clarify whether the C. inaequalis species-group could be more related to the genus Pentachrysis rather than to Chrysis s. str. and only molecular analysis will clarify the real systematic position of this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/005187901820FFC4FF3393E759E1FE9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Wei, Na-Sen;Xu, Zai-Fu	Rosa, Paolo, Wei, Na-Sen, Xu, Zai-Fu (2016): The inaequalis species-group (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, Chrysis) in China, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4193 (2): 373-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4193.2.11
005187901823FFC4FF3396D95DF5FD97.text	005187901823FFC4FF3396D95DF5FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis inaequalis	<div><p>Key to Chinese species of the inaequalis species-group</p><p>1. Metasoma metallic golden to metallic red (Fig. 1 A, 1E, 1 F); mesopleuron bidentate (Fig. 1 A); apex of T3 with four teeth (Fig. 1 F).............................................................................. C. inaequalis Dahlbom</p><p>- Metasoma bicoloured, T1 and T2 metallic red, T3 metallic blue (Fig. 2 A, 2E, 2F); mesopleuron tridentate (Fig. 2 A); apex of T3 with six teeth (Fig. 2 F)......................................................... C. extraordinaria sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/005187901823FFC4FF3396D95DF5FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Wei, Na-Sen;Xu, Zai-Fu	Rosa, Paolo, Wei, Na-Sen, Xu, Zai-Fu (2016): The inaequalis species-group (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, Chrysis) in China, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4193 (2): 373-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4193.2.11
005187901823FFC2FF3395C05886FF27.text	005187901823FFC2FF3395C05886FF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom 1845	<div><p>Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845</p><p>(Fig. 1 A–1F)</p><p>Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845: 8 . Neotype, ♂, designated by Rosa &amp; Vårdal 2015: 124: Switzerland, Roveredo (NMLS) (examined).</p><p>Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) inaequalis: Tsuneki 1947: 56 (China: Beijing) ; Tsuneki 1948: 126 (China: Shanxi: Kiutauyüan, Hengshuichen, Hengshuichen-Henglingkuan), 128 (Beijing distr., Shanxi); Tsuneki 1953: 59 (Manchuria: Kaiyüan, Lushan).</p><p>Chrysis (Pentachrysis) inaequalis: Linsenmaier 1959: 165 (North China, Manchuria); Linsenmaier 1997b: 126 (China, Manchuria).</p><p>Chrysis inaequalis: Banaszak 1980: 28 (China, Manchuria); Rosa et al. 2014: 52 (China: Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Shanxi).</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: 1♀, Hebei, Xiaowutaishan National Nature Reserve, 20–23.VIII.2005, leg. Jingxian Liu &amp; Li-qiong Weng (SCAU) ; 1♀, Guizhou, Mayanghe National Nature Reserve, 2.X.2007, leg. Cui-hong Xie (SCAU) ; 1♀, Beijing, Russian Mission, 5.IX.1906, leg. Y. Vasiliev (ZIN) ; 1♀, Alashan (Inner Mongolia), Dinyuan-in, 5–6.VI.1908, leg. P. Kozlov (ZIN) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom is easily recognisable by the following characteristics: mesopleuron bidentate (Fig. 1 D), apex of T3 with four sharp teeth (Fig. 1 F), metasoma with deep and round punctures (Fig. 1 E), pre-pit row area transversely bulged (Figs 1 E, 1F).</p><p>Description. Body length 6.0–10.0 mm.</p><p>Head. Scapal basin striated with or without distinct small punctures within striae and laterally setose in females (Fig. 1 B), more setose in males. TFC distinctly sharp and arched in females, medially straight in males. Relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:2.2–2.4:1.2:1.0 (females), 1.0:2.5–2.7:1.4:1.0 (males); OOL = 1.7 MOD (females) 2.0 MOD (males); POL = 2.0 MOD; MS = 1.4 MOD; subantennal space 0.7–0.8 MOD. Genal carina sharply developed from temple to mandible.</p><p>Mesosoma . Pronotum short, about 0.66–0.7 × as long as mesoscutellum (Fig. 1 C); pronotal groove wide and extended almost to posterior margin or 3/4 length of pronotum; lateral margins depressed medially. Pronotum and mesoscutum with coarse punctuation; notauli complete, becoming wider and deeper posteriorly, with foveae partially fused; mesoscutellum with similar punctuation to mesoscutum; metanotum with larger punctures. Lower mesopleuron with two pointed teeth ventrally, well visible in lateral view at 35°–45°; episternal sulcus with large scrobiculate punctures; scrobal sulcus with large foveate punctures (Fig. 1 D).</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma with coarse and even punctuation, with tiny punctures among main punctures; T3 transversely bulging before pit row; pit row well developed with deep and large pits; T2 and T3 with sharp carina; apex of T3 with four sharp teeth (Fig. 1 A); T3 baso-laterally with convexity; S2 black spots vanishing, sometimes as blue shadows.</p><p>Colouration. Head and mesosoma metallic blue, with darkened blue area medially on mesoscutum; usually in male with green or greenish reflections contrasting with blue area medially on mesoscutum; T1–T3 golden to metallic red; in male variable, from flame red to green or bluish-green. Scape, P, F1 and F2 metallic blue to green, rest of flagellum black. Tegula metallic blue. Sternites metallic blue.</p><p>Distribution. Both Palaearctic and Oriental parts of China (Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Guizhou). Trans-Palaearctic, from Europe to Siberia (Linsenmaier 1959; Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991; Tarbinsky 2002b; Kurzenko &amp; Lelej 2007; Rosa et al. 2014).</p><p>Remarks. We provide a general description based on more specimens from West to East Palaearctic region to facilitate species identification. C. inaequalis is a very common species, well known and documented in literature; morphological descriptions have already been published in several languages, but not in English (e.g. Berland &amp; Bernard 1938, Balthasar 1954; Linsenmaier 1959, 1997b; Mingo 1994; Tarbinsky 2002; Rosa 2006); images of specimens, male genitalia and other morphological details have been already published (Linsenmaier 1959, 1997b; Kimsey &amp; Bohart 1991; Kunz 1994; Mingo 1994; Tarbinsky 2002b; Rosa 2006). The male colouration is variable. Specimens from Greece to Central Asia show green to bluish metasoma, sometimes greenish on T1 and T2 and gradually flame red towards the apical margin of T3. Nevertheless, some taxa described as colour variations and currently considered as synonym of C. inaequalis (e.g. C. sapphirina Semenov, 1912) are supposed to be valid species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/005187901823FFC2FF3395C05886FF27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Wei, Na-Sen;Xu, Zai-Fu	Rosa, Paolo, Wei, Na-Sen, Xu, Zai-Fu (2016): The inaequalis species-group (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, Chrysis) in China, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4193 (2): 373-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4193.2.11
005187901825FFC2FF3396015CD6F831.text	005187901825FFC2FF3396015CD6F831.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysis extraordinaria Rosa, Wei & Xu	<div><p>Chrysis extraordinaria Rosa, Wei &amp; Xu, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 2 A–2F)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype, ♀, CHINA: Yunnan, Chenggong, Luoyang Town, 8–19.VIII.2006, leg. Qiang Li (SCAU).</p><p>Diagnosis. Chrysis extraordinaria sp. nov. is recognisable by the following characteristics: mesopleuron tridentate (Fig. 2 D); T3 metallic blue, apex with six teeth (Figs 2 E, 2F); T1 and T2 golden to metallic red (Fig. 2 A, 2E).</p><p>Description. Holotype: Female. Body length 7.2 mm.</p><p>Head. Scapal basin striated and laterally setose (Fig. 2 B). TFC almost straight medially, with two ends laterally bending downwards before compound eyes. Relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:2.3:1.3:1.0; OOL = 2.0 MOD; POL = 1.8 MOD; MS = 1.2 MOD; subantennal space 1.0 MOD. Genal carina sharply developed from temple to mandible.</p><p>Mesosoma . Pronotum short, 0.75 × as long as mesoscutellum; pronotal groove wide and extended almost to posterior margin; pronotum with lateral margins depressed medially. Pronotum and mesoscutum with coarse punctuation; notauli complete, becoming wider and deeper posteriorly, with foveae partially fused; mesoscutellum with similar punctuation to mesoscutum; metanotum with larger punctures (Fig. 2 C). Lower mesopleuron with three pointed teeth on episternal and scrobal sulcus ventrally; episternal sulcus with large scrobiculate punctures; scrobal sulcus with large foveate punctures (Fig. 2 D).</p><p>Metasoma. Metasoma with coarse and even punctuation, with minute punctures among the main punctures; T3 transversely bulging before pit row; pit row well developed with deep and large pits; T2 and T3 with sharp median carina; apex of T3 with six teeth, four sharp teeth medially and two short but pointed teeth laterally; lateral teeth aligned to median teeth, not placed on basal 1/4 or 1/3 of lateral edge, as abrupt swelling in C. inaequalis (Fig. 1 A); lateral margins of T3 straight, without abrupt swelling; S2 black spots suboval, oblique directed and fused to lateral margin, medially separated by 1 MOD.</p><p>Colouration. Body metallic cobalt blue, with darkened blue areas medially on mesoscutum; T1 and T2 golden to metallic red, medially violet; T3 metallic blue. Scape, P, F1 and F2 metallic blue, rest of flagellum black. Tegula metallic blue. Sternites metallic blue.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Oriental part of China (Yunnan).</p><p>Remarks. Chrysis extraordinaria sp. nov. is considered an outstanding species because bears unique features so that it cannot be included in any species-groups following the keys proposed by Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) and Linsenmaier (1959). In particular, the combination of following characters is unusual: mesopleuron tridentate; T3 without basal abrupt swelling on lateral margins, and bearing six sharp teeth on apex; T3 metallic blue, contrasting with T1 and T2 metallic red, an unusual colour pattern for inaequalis species-group, which is typical for Palaearctic C. splendidula and C. viridula species-groups. Thus we suggest to modify couplets 6 and 7 of the key in Kimsey &amp; Bohart (1991) as follows:</p><p>6. Pit row practically absent; male F1 and F2 short and, taken together, shorter than F3.................... somaliae group - Pit row distinct; male F1 sometimes reduced, but not F2....................................................... 7 7a. F 1 in both sexes about as broad as long or shorter................................................. oculata group - F 1 in both sexes longer than broad....................................................................... 7b 7b. Scapal basin transversely striate; female F1 l/w = 3/4; mesopleuron tridentate; mesoscutellum simple, without any plastic</p><p>modification or depression; T2 and T3 with sharp median longitudinal ridge.................... inaequalis group (part.) - Scapal basin punctate; female F1 l/w = 2; mesopleuron without teeth, if dentate then mesoscutellum with mucron, convexity or</p><p>median depression; T2 and T3 without median longitudinal ridge, at most impunctate................ smaragdula group</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet extraordinaria is derived from the Latin adjective extraordinarius (extraordinary) referring to the unique morphological characteristics and colour of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/005187901825FFC2FF3396015CD6F831	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rosa, Paolo;Wei, Na-Sen;Xu, Zai-Fu	Rosa, Paolo, Wei, Na-Sen, Xu, Zai-Fu (2016): The inaequalis species-group (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae, Chrysis) in China, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4193 (2): 373-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4193.2.11
