identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
787C95435645EA58278C034BD6EE4325.text	787C95435645EA58278C034BD6EE4325.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limatium	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Limatium gen. n.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Limatium pagodula sp. n. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Shells of small size, 6 to 7 mm in adult length on average, with smooth, polished surface, golden honey to dark brown in color. Rachidian with hexagonal to septagonal basal plate, squarish to rectangular, with elevated central portion with  rounded , U-shaped lower margin; cutting edge with three, sharply pointed cusps. Operculum paucispiral with large, subcentral nucleus. </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>From the Latin adjective limatus, -a, -um, meaning polished, and the ending -ium of many cerithiid genera. Gender neuter.</p>
            <p>Ecology.</p>
            <p> All known specimens of  Limatium come from the outer slope of barrier reefs or, in islands without a coral reef lagoon, from the slope of the fringing reefs in the South Pacific (Fig. 1). Not a single specimen has been collected within a coral reef lagoon. The few live-taken specimens come from a confirmed bathymetric range of 10-100 m, with empty shells, potentially carried downslope, occasionally dredged from deeper water. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Limatium differs from all other bittiine genera in the smooth, shiny, polished surface of the shell and its rich, golden honey to dark brown color. The two species known thus far are further distinguished by the distinctive white fascioles extending suture to suture and which may be a diagnostic feature of the genus, but further comparative material is required. No other bittiine is known to possess a rachidian basal plate that is hexagonal to septagonal in shape, with an elevated central portion; the cutting edge uniquely bears only three, sharply pointed, dagger-like cusps. The paucispiral operculum is also unique among bittiines as understood thus far. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/787C95435645EA58278C034BD6EE4325	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Strong, Ellen E.;Bouchet, Philippe	Strong, Ellen E., Bouchet, Philippe (2018): A rare and unusual new bittiine genus with two new species from the South Pacific (Cerithiidae, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 758: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.25100, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.25100
80D49CD3AFAAA5B4C7F036D3E82DB4C4.text	80D49CD3AFAAA5B4C7F036D3E82DB4C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limatium pagodula	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Limatium pagodula sp. n. Fig. 2 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>Holotype UF 427943 (Biocode No. MBIO19550, Specimen No. BMOO-03501,) (Fig. 2A, H); paratypes as listed below.</p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p> French Polynesia, Society Islands, Moorea. Haapiti, just NW of Matauvau Pass outer reef slope, brushed from under rubble, 17°34.1'S, 149°53.0'W, 20-22 m (Moorea Biocode;  collector’s event ID MIB_087; leg. Chris Meyer &amp; Christian McKeon; 20 October 2008). </p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p> FRENCH POLYNESIA. SOCIETY IS: Tahiti, grotte du chenal  d’Arue , ca. 17°31'S, 149°31.3'W, 12 m, 1 empty shell (dd), USNM 1462729 ex coll. Letourneux (Fig. 2E); Tahiti, faille  d’Arue , 33 m, 1 dd, USNM 1462730 ex coll. Letourneux. TUAMOTU IS: Makemo, secteur de Pohue, 16°40.1'S, 143°22.5'W, 63 m, 1 dd, paratype USNM 1462731 ex coll. Letourneux (Fig. 2B); Makemo, passe Arikitamiro, ca. 16°37.1'S, 143°33.9'W, 45-54 m, 9 dd in coll. Letourneux (Fig. 2D, F; 6 not seen); Rangiroa, passe de Tiputa, ca. 14°58.0'S, 147°37.5'W, 100 m, 2 dd in coll. Letourneux (not seen). VANUATU. SANTO I.: SANTO 2006: stn. ZB9, W. Malo I., 15°40.6'S, 167°05.1'E, 5-7 m, 1 dd, MNHN uncatalogued. - Stn. DS104, W. of Tutuba I., Vunatavoa Bay, 15°34.1'S, 167°16'E, 10-80 m, 1 dd, paratype MNHN IM-2014-6933 (Fig. 2C). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> From the Latin pagoda, with reference to the strongly angular whorls reminiscent of the upward curving roofs of Asian temples;  pagodula is a diminutive, used as a noun in apposition. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis . </p>
            <p> Shell [holotype, unless otherwise noted]. Shell narrow, slender, with high, conical spire, body whorl occupying ~45% of shell height, consisting of 9+ [first three whorls very encrusted] moderately convex but angular teleoconch whorls, suture impressed (Fig. 2A). Protoconch [very worn on holotype; description based on specimens illustrated in Fig. 2  E–G ] multispiral, of 2.5 whorls, with a sculpture of two strong, pustulose spiral keels at periphery, and a third, much lighter cord on the base, essentially covered by next whorl; strong, prosocline, axial riblets on sutural ramp, fading out abapically towards spiral keel; and irregular, elongated granules that cover the abapical part of the whorl and extend in between the two peripheral keels; protoconch/teleoconch transition sharp, with a lamellar terminal varix and a deeply indented sinusigera notch (Fig. 2  E–G ). Sculpture of teleoconch consisting of broad, poorly defined axial ribs forming a strong angular projection at adapical two-thirds of the whorl, crossed over by three (on body whorl 4) narrow, sharply defined spiral cords on exposed part of adult whorls, and a 4th, strongly raised, basal cord that is mostly covered by next whorl. Shell base slightly concave, with 7 unevenly spaced spiral cords. Siphonal canal very short, broadly open, constricted. Aperture circular-ovate, ~30% of shell height (in paratype, flaring and subquadrate, forming an angle where basal cord meets the outer lip). Anal canal indistinct. Columella concave with thinly callused columellar lip. Outer lip of aperture forming a terminal varix, subvertical on periphery, regularly convex on base. Shell surface smooth and shiny, as if waxed, color overall deep brown with broad, opaque white fascioles extending from suture to suture at irregular intervals, spiral cords on spire and base white, cord encircling the base brown with white blotches at regular intervals; columellar side of canal and columellar callosity white, parietal callosity transparent. Tip of teleoconch (first 1.5 whorl) white, protoconch dark brown. Dimensions: 6.50  × 2.65 mm. Average 5.98  ± 0.48 mm (n = 3). </p>
            <p>External anatomy. Head-foot dark golden brown in color; cephalic tentacles with irregular white blotches and golden tips. Foot sole golden, with thin, transverse white lines, discontinuous across prominent longitudinal groove at midline; condition of pedal glands unknown. Epipodial skirt also with thin, transverse white to golden lines, present from propodium to large, projecting opercular lobe. Epipodial tentacles lacking.</p>
            <p> Radula. The radula of the sequenced specimen was teratological, and we do not provide a detailed description or illustration. The gross features that were visible conform to those in  L. aureum sp. n. (see below): a rachidian with broad hexagonal basal plate and elevated central portion with rounded base, cutting edge with three pointed cusps, lateral teeth with short lateral extensions roughly 1.5 times length of cutting edge, face of lateral teeth with buttress terminating in prominent, rounded knob midway down face of lateral teeth, outer edges of outer marginal teeth acuspate. </p>
            <p>Distribution and ecology.</p>
            <p>Society Islands and Tuamotus (French Polynesia); Vanuatu. Known only from the material examined. Only one specimen was collected alive, from the outer reef slope, brushed from under rubble, 20-22 m.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The sequenced specimen from Moorea is designated as holotype, although its outer lip is not fully mature. In the fully adult paratype from Santo (Fig. 2C), the axial white fascioles are fewer, but are aligned from one whorl to the next, and there is a strong varix one-half whorl before the aperture.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/80D49CD3AFAAA5B4C7F036D3E82DB4C4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Strong, Ellen E.;Bouchet, Philippe	Strong, Ellen E., Bouchet, Philippe (2018): A rare and unusual new bittiine genus with two new species from the South Pacific (Cerithiidae, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 758: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.25100, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.25100
7AA12541DB7855B267A3DC7FC3D2DDBC.text	7AA12541DB7855B267A3DC7FC3D2DDBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limatium aureum	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Limatium aureum sp. n. Fig. 3  A–H , K, L, N </p>
            <p> Type material. </p>
            <p>Holotype MNHN IM-2013-42460 (Fig. 3A); paratypes as listed below.</p>
            <p>Type locality.</p>
            <p>Austral Islands, Maria I., outer slope of barrier reef, 21°47.8'S, 154°43'W, 24 m [TUHAA PAE 2013 cruise, stn. AMA02, field number PB16_BC855; leg. A. Fedosov; 5 April 2013].</p>
            <p>Other material examined</p>
            <p> (all in MNHN uncatalogued, except where noted): FRENCH POLYNESIA. AUSTRAL IS: RAPA Island expedition 2002: Stn. 6, off Baie de Ahurei, 27°36.8'S, 144°16.7'W, 42 m, 1 dd. - Stn. 8, SE of Tauna islet, 27°36.5'S, 144°17.7'W, 52-57 m, 7 dd (MNHN IM-2014-6928, Fig. 3L). - Stn. 28, Pointe Taekateke, 27°38.4'S, 144°20.6'W, 30 m, 1 dd. - Stn. 36, Pointe Kauira, 27°33.5'S, 144°20.8'W, 27 m, 1 live collected (lv), 2 dd (MNHN IM-2014-6920, IM-2014-6929, Fig. 3B, N). - Stn. 44, NW of Tauna islet, 27°36.3'S, 144°18.2'W, 30 m, 2 dd (MNHN IM-2014-6923, Fig. 3E). - BENTHAUS stn. DW1934, Banc  Président Thiers, 24°40.6'S, 145°57.4'W, 560-1150 m, 1 dd. TUAMOTU IS: Makemo, secteur Pohue,  16 °40.1'S, 143°22.5'W, 63 m, 1 dd, paratype USNM 1462727 ex coll. Letourneux; Makemo, passe Arikitamiro, ca. 16°37.1'S, 143°33.9'W, 45 m, 47 m and 54 m, 3 dd, in coll. Letourneux; Rangiroa, Passe de Tiputa, ca. 14°58.0'S, 147°37.5'W, 81 m and 100 m, 2 dd, USNM 1462728 ex coll. Letourneux. NEW CALEDONIA. Coral Sea. Lansdowne-Fairway Reefs. CORAIL 2 stn. DW26, 20°22'S, 161°05'E, 62 m, 1 lv (MNHN IM-2014-6921, Fig. 3C). - EBISCO stn. DW2622, 20°04'S, 160°21'E, 291-323 m, 1 dd. Mainland New Caledonia. LAGON Stn. 830, off  Poindimié , 20°49'S, 165°19'E, 105-110 m, 4 dd. MONTROUZIER Stn. 1269,  Récif Doiman off Touho, outer slope, 20°35.1'S, 165°08.1'E, 15-20 m, 4 dd. - Stn. 1331, Grand  Récif de Koumac, outer slope, 20°40'-20°40.6'S, 164°11.2'-164°12.1'E, 55-57 m, 4 dd. - Stn. 1352, Grand  Récif Aboré off  Nouméa , outer slope, 22°22.2'S, 166°16.0/166°16.1'E, 27-35 m, 5 lv, 4 dd (MNHN IM-2014-6924, IM-2014-6927, Fig. 3F, K); - Stn. 1354, Grand  Récif Aboré , outer slope, 22°22.3'S, 166°15.9'E, 27-37 m, 2 lv, 2 dd. BATHUS 1 stn. DW692, 20°35'S, 164°59'E, 140-150 m, 2 dd. LOYALTY ISLANDS: LIFOU 2000 Expedition, Baie du Santal: stn. 1418, 20°46.9'S, 167°07.9'E, 1-5 m, 1 dd (MNHN IM-2014-6926, Fig. 3H). - Stn. 1423, 20°54'S, 167°07.3'E, 12 m, 2 dd (MNHN IM-2014-6925, Fig. 3G). - Stn. 1429, 20°47.5'S, 167°07.1'E, 8-18 m, 2 dd. - Stn. 1432, 20°53.5'S, 167°02.7'E, 12-32 m, 2 dd. - Stn. 1434, 20°52.5'S, 167°08.1'E, 5-20 m, 2 dd. - Stn. 1441, 20°46.4'S, 167°02'E, 20 m, 2 dd. - Stn. 1442, 20°46.4'S, 167°02'E, 47 m, 1 dd. - Stn. 1443, 20°53.8'S, 167°07.3'E, 48-52 m, 3 dd. - Stn. 1445, 20°50.8'S, 167°09.7'E, 10-12 m, 1 dd. - Stn. 1448, 20°45.8'S, 167°01.6'E, 20 m, 4 dd. - Stn. 1449, 20°45.8'S, 167°01.6'E, 17 m, 1 dd. - Stn. 1450, 20°45.8'S, 167°01.6'E, 27-31 m, 1 dd. - Stn. 1451, 20°47.3'S, 167°06.8'E, 10-21 m, 3 dd. - Stn. 1453, 20°54.6'S, 167°02.1'E, 21-30 m, 1 dd. - Stn. 1454, 20°56.6'S, 167°02'E, 15-18 m, 2 dd. - Stn. 1455, 20°56.8'S, 167°02.7'E, 15-20 m, 1 lv, 1 dd. - Stn. 1456, 20°49.3'S, 167°10.4'E, 25-30 m, 1 lv, 1 dd. - Stn. 1457, 20°46.8'S, 167°02.8'E, 5-10 m, 2 lv, 1 dd. - Stn. 1461, 20°54'S, 167°02'E, 100-120 m, 1 lv, 1 dd. - Stn. 1469, 20°54.2'S, 167°00.4'E, 70-130 m, 2 dd. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>Latin adjective aureus, -a, -um, meaning golden, with reference to the background color of the shell.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Shell [holotype, unless otherwise noted]. Shell short, squat, with regular, conical spire, body whorl occupying ~46% of shell height, consisting of 9+ [tip of teleoconch and protoconch missing] rather flat teleoconch whorls, suture impressed (Fig. 3A). Protoconch [description based on specimens illustrated in Fig. 3K, L] multispiral, of 2.5 whorls, with a complex sculpture of two strongly pustulose, thick and heavy spiral keels at periphery, and a third, much lighter cord on the base, partly covered by next whorl; strong, prosocline, axial riblets on sutural ramp, fading out abapically towards spiral keel; and irregular, short, elongated or rounded granules that cover the abapical part of the whorl and may extend in between the two peripheral keels; protoconch/teleoconch transition sharp, with a lamellar terminal varix and a deeply indented sinusigera notch (Fig. 3K, L). On early teleoconch whorls sculpture consisting of closely-set axial ribs intersected by three spiral cords together forming beaded intersections, abapicalmost cord stronger, forming an angular projection at intersection with ribs; axial and spiral sculpture becoming weaker on exposed parts of subadult and adult  whorls , until an almost smooth last whorl; last whorl with weakly defined basal cord encircling convex base bearing six well defined, raised cords. Siphonal canal very short, broadly open, not constricted. Aperture circular-ovate, ~32% of shell height. Anal canal indistinct. Columella concave with very thinly callused columellar lip. Outer lip of aperture slightly thickened, but not forming a terminal varix, subvertical on periphery, regularly convex on base. Shell surface smooth and shiny, as if waxed, color overall rich honey to golden brown with broad, opaque, irregular white fascioles extending from suture to suture at irregular intervals; adapical and basal cords with alternating white and honey blotches at regular intervals; columellar side of anal and columellar callosity white, parietal callosity transparent. Tip of teleoconch (first whorl) white, protoconch dark brown. Dimensions: 7.97  × 3.40 mm. Average 6.83  ± 1.47 mm (n = 12). </p>
            <p>Operculum. Subcircular, paucispiral, comprising three whorls. Nucleus large, subcentral, ~72% of operculum length.</p>
            <p> Radula. Rachidian (Fig. 4  A–C , E, F) with roughly hexagonal to septagonal basal plate, squarish to rectangular, broader than tall, with elevated central portion with rounded, U-shaped lower margin. Cutting edge bearing one strong central and two lateral long, dagger-like pointed cusps; central cusp up to twice as long as lateral cusps. Lateral teeth (Fig. 4A, B, C,  E–F ) with short lateral extensions, roughly 1.5 times length of cutting edge. Cutting edge with large central, pointed cusp and single, large pointed inner cusp and two to four tapering outer denticles. Thickened buttress extending down face of marginal tooth slightly outside central cusp, terminating in prominent, bluntly rounded peg roughly halfway down face (Fig. 4F). Marginal teeth (Fig. 4A,  C–D , E) similar in shape and denticulation. Inner marginal teeth with large pointed central cusp, two to three tapering inner pointed cusps and one to two outer pointed denticles. Outer marginal teeth with large, pointed, central cusp, two to three tapering inner pointed cusps and a smooth, acuspate outer edge. </p>
            <p>Distribution and ecology.</p>
            <p>Austral Islands and Tuamotus (French Polynesia); Loyalty Islands, mainland New Caledonia, and Coral Sea. Known only from the material examined. Collected alive in 10-100 m, empty shells to 560-1150 m were undoubtedly carried downslope.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The holotype is  “untypical” in the sense that it is an unusually broad specimen that, however, seems to be connected by morphologically intermediate specimens to forms that are more slender and with a strong cord delimiting the basal disc. All these specimens share a color pattern of alternating white and honey blotches on the subsutural and basal cords, in addition to ill-defined axial white fascioles, on an overall rich, golden honey background. Another type of variation comes from the extension/persistence of the spiral cords on subadult/adult whorls - with specimens almost completely smooth on the periphery of the last whorl and others with strong spiral cords persisting onto the last whorl. </p>
            <p> An empty shell collected from Tonga (BORDAU 2 stn. DW1512, between Eua and Tongatapu, 21°19'S, 175°01'W, 183-184 m) (MNHN IM-2014-6922, Fig. 3D) is unusually tall and narrow, with spiral and axial sculpture persisting onto the last whorl; its color pattern, however, is very similar to that of  L. aureum and we tentatively consider it to belong to that species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7AA12541DB7855B267A3DC7FC3D2DDBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Strong, Ellen E.;Bouchet, Philippe	Strong, Ellen E., Bouchet, Philippe (2018): A rare and unusual new bittiine genus with two new species from the South Pacific (Cerithiidae, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 758: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.25100, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.25100
2CE1C24A797FD198092DEB7391D2928A.text	2CE1C24A797FD198092DEB7391D2928A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limatium sp.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Limatium
sp.
 Fig. 3I, J, M </p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>PHILIPPINES: MUSORSTOM 3 Stn. DR117, W of Mindoro, 12°31'N, 120°39'E, 92-97 m, 1 lv (MNHN IM-2014-6930, Fig. 3I). VANUATU: SANTO 2006 stn. DS103, W of Tutuba I., Vunatavoa Bay, 15°34.1'S, 167°16'E, 10-80 m, 2 dd (MNHN IM-2014-6931, IM-2014-6932, Fig. 3J, M).</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Three specimens (Fig. 3I, J, M) show an overall resemblance to  L. aureum , but differ in a manner that we think they are not conspecific. The three specimens  from the Philippines and Vanuatu are subadults; their color pattern does not have the articulated white and golden honey spiral cords. The specimens from Vanuatu have a single cord on the base versus five in the specimen from the Philippines, and these two specimens may not even be conspecific. The protoconch of a Vanuatu specimen (Fig. 3M) is distinctly smaller than in  L. aureum , consisting of only two whorls, with fewer and shorter axial riblets on the ramp, and simpler, less ornamented spiral keels. No specimen of this or any other  Limatium has been obtained in the Philippines despite extensive sampling by lumun-lumun for the commercial shell trade (G. Poppe and S. Tagaro, pers. comm.). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CE1C24A797FD198092DEB7391D2928A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Strong, Ellen E.;Bouchet, Philippe	Strong, Ellen E., Bouchet, Philippe (2018): A rare and unusual new bittiine genus with two new species from the South Pacific (Cerithiidae, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 758: 1-18, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.25100, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.758.25100
