identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B987B85527FFAB2200FB59B1B3FE6B.text	03B987B85527FFAB2200FB59B1B3FE6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinops ceratophorus Boiss.	<div><p>Echinops ceratophorus Boiss.</p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p>Diagnosis Plantarum Orientalium Novarum 1 (6): 100 (Boissier 1846).</p><p>Echinops villosissimus Bunge var. glutinosissimus Parsa, Kew Bulletin 3 (2): 208 (Parsa 1948). — Holotype: Iran. Fars Province, prope Shiraz, 15.VI.1885, O. Stapf 1695 (holo-, K[K000768891]!) .</p><p>Echinops farsicus Rech. f., Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 97: 245 (Rechinger 1950). — Holotype: Iran. Fars Province, Kuh Tschah Siah, an der Pistaziengrenze, 16.VII.1885, O. Stapf 1276 (holo-, WU[WU0060105]!) .</p><p>LECTOTYPE (here designated). — Iran. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province: ad radices Kuh Delu prope Deremgun, 17.VI.1842, Th. Kotschy 548 (lecto-, G [G00765429]! ; isolecto-, FI [FI006558]!, G [G00223648, G00223649 (two sheets comprising one specimen)]!, H [H1052030]!, K [K000768890]!, L [L3680430]!, MO [MO-714042]!, P [P00711511, P00711514]!, W [W18890072845, W0022362, W0022363, W0022364]!, WAG [WAG0000565]!) .</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>Fifteen herbarium specimens of the type of Echinops ceratophorus were found at FI, G, H, K, L, MO, P, W, and WAG, which have to be treated as syntypes (art. 40 note 1 of Turland et al. 2018). According to McNeill (2014), the existence of a holotype cannot be established in this case because there was more than one specimen for this species, housed in more than one institution. The specimen G00765429 is selected here as the lectotype, because it clearly shows the characters mentioned in the protologue.</p><p>Rechinger (1950) described Echinops farsicus as a new species from Kuh Tschah Siah (Fars Province) for Iran. Twenty nine years later, Rechinger (1979) placed E. farsicus to synonymy of E. ceratophorus . As no morphological differences between both species can be seen, Rechinger’s treatment is followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987B85527FFAB2200FB59B1B3FE6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): Lectotypification of four Iranian endemic taxa of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Adansonia (3) 44 (7): 49-55, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a7
03B987B85527FFAF20C9FDFBB62EFEC8.text	03B987B85527FFAF20C9FDFBB62EFEC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinops kerneri Heimerl	<div><p>Echinops kerneri Heimerl</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe 50 (2): 61 (Heimerl 1885).</p><p>Echinops ecbatanus Bornm., Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 36 (2): 212 (Bornmüller 1918), nom. nud.; Bornm. ex Rech. f., Candollea 29 (1): 11 (Rechinger 1974), nom. inval.</p><p>LECTOTYPE (here designated). — Iran. Hamedan Province, in monte Elwend, 1882, T. Pichler s.n. (lecto-, WU [WU0065667]! ; isolecto-, B [B100093525, B100094112]!, W [W1885-0006150]!, WU [WU0065666, WU0065668, WU0065669, WU0065670, WU0065671, WU0065672, WU0065673]!).</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>Heimerl (1885) described Echinops kerneri based on two collections: “in declivibus siccis montis Elwend leg. T. Pichler 1882” and “ad pagum Aftseha prope Teheran leg. T. Kotschy (Plantae Persiae borealis 1843 Nr. 622”. Rechinger (1974) described Echinops ecbatanus Bornm. ex Rech. f. based on collection: “in declivibus siccis montis Elwend leg. T. Pichler 1882”. Since older name exists based on the same type, and according to Turland et al. (2018), the name Echinops ecbatanus Bornm. ex Rech. f. was not validly published.</p><p>The specimenWU0065667 is here selected as the lectotype because its capitula and leaves are more developed than in other specimens, and the characters of the specimen agree with the protologue. The labels of the specimens are slightly different. They have been distributed in a series named “Iter Persicum Dris J. E. Polak 1882”, but the collector is T. Pichler. On WU0065669 is the original handwritten label of Pichler “Auf sandigen Triften und Aabhängen [sic!] der Perge [sic!] um Jalpan [On sandy places and slopes of the mountains around Jalpan], 16. Juli 1882 ”. The specimen in B was sent by Wettstein in 1917 to Bornmüller and carries the handwritten name E. ecbatanus by Bornmüller, but is rather fragmentary. On WU0065668 are handwritten notes of the floral analysis by Rechinger.</p><p>The specimensB100093525, WU0065666 andWU0065668 were also annotated as Echinops polygamus Bunge. Echinops kerneri differs from E. polygamus by its height being 10-30 cm (vs 25-30 cm), stems simple or branched in median part, densely leafy throughout (vs branched in basal part, loosely leafy in lower part, leafless in upper part), leaves coriaceous (vs herbaceous), basal leaves 5-10 cm wide, distinctly petiolate (vs 4-5 cm wide, sessile and amplexicaulous), cauline leaves broadly lanceolate, with 4-8 mm long spines (vs oblong or lanceolate-triangular, with c. 10 mm long spines), common involucres c. 10 mm long, with linear-cuneate phyllaries (vs c. 8 mm long, with lanceolate-cuneate phyllaries), and also phyllaries number c. 14, middle ones narrowly rhombic (vs 11-13, middle ones rigid-lanceolate).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987B85527FFAF20C9FDFBB62EFEC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): Lectotypification of four Iranian endemic taxa of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Adansonia (3) 44 (7): 49-55, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a7
03B987B85523FFAF2203FE5BB6E1F937.text	03B987B85523FFAF2203FE5BB6E1F937.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Echinops lalesarensis Bornm.	<div><p>Echinops lalesarensis Bornm.</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 36 (2): 202 (1918).</p><p>Echinops villosissimus Bunge [var.] ss. lalesarensis Bornm., nom. nud. in sched., Bornmüller: Iter Persico-Turcicum 1892-93, No. 4055.</p><p>Echinops lalesarensis var. adenocaulis Bornm., Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 36 (2): 203 (Bornmüller 1918). — Lectotype (here designated): Iran. Kerman Province, in regione inferior montis Kuh Lalesar prope pagum Lalesar, c. 3000 m, VII.1892, J. F. N. Bornmüller 4055 p.p. (lecto-, B[B100093502]! ; isolecto-, K[K000768897]! right hand of the sheet) .</p><p>LECTOTYPE (here designated). — Iran. Kerman Province, in regione inferiore montis Kuh Lalesar prope pagum Lalesar, c. 3000 m, 15.VII.1892, J. F. N. Bornmüller 4055 (lecto-, B [B100093507]! ; isolecto-, B [B100093503, B100093504, B100093505, B100093506]!, BR [BR0000005267729]!, G [G00223636, G00223637]!, JE [JE00008414, JE00008415]!, K [K000768896]! left hand of the sheet, LD [LD1044387]!, W [W0045820, W0045839, W18960003994]!) .</p><p>REMARKS</p><p>Bornmüller first supposed this species to be a variety of E. villosissimus but later described it as species. Bornmüller (1918) described Echinops lalesarensis based on collections of him from Lalesar, but did not designate a holotype nor did mention the name of the herbarium where the specimens were housed. Subsequently, fifteen specimens of E. lalesarensis collected by Bornmüller from Lalesar were found at different herbaria. Of these, the specimen B100093507 is better preserved and more complete than the other specimens and best represents the species description given in the protologue, hence it is designated here as the lectotype.</p><p>Echinops lalesarensis var. adenocaulis was described by Bornmüller (1918). According to him, it is distinguished from the typical variety by having glandular indumentum on stem. In their account, Montazerolghaem et al. (2016), considering morphological data, placed var. adenocaulis to synonymy of E. lalesarensis . Montazerolghaem et al. ’s treatment is followed here. Anyway a lectotype for this taxon is chosen here too.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987B85523FFAF2203FE5BB6E1F937	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Negaresh, Kazem	Negaresh, Kazem (2022): Lectotypification of four Iranian endemic taxa of Echinops L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Adansonia (3) 44 (7): 49-55, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a7
