identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B8760BFF8AFF8EFF0CFD75FCF5FC4A.text	03B8760BFF8AFF8EFF0CFD75FCF5FC4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sophonia Walker 1869	<div><p>Genus Sophonia Walker</p><p>Sophonia Walker 1870: 327; Viraktamath &amp; Wesley 1988: 196; Viraktamath 1992: 261; Li &amp; Chen 2005: 71. Type species: Sophonia rufitelum Walker, by monotypy.</p><p>Pseudonirvana Baker 1923: 386 . Type species: Pseudonirvana sandakanensis Baker 1923, by original designation. Synonymy by Evans 1947: 178.</p><p>Quercinirvana Ahmed &amp; Mahmood 1969: 260 . Type species: Quercinirvana longicephala Ahmed &amp; Mahmood, by original designation. Synonymy by Viraktamath &amp; Wesley 1988: 198.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8760BFF8AFF8EFF0CFD75FCF5FC4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Wilson, Michael R.	Viraktamath, C. A., Wilson, Michael R. (2018): New species of the leafhopper genera Sophonia and Stenotortor (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from the Oriental region. Zootaxa 4378 (3): 356-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.3.4
03B8760BFF8AFF8BFF0CFBB3FCF6FEC0.text	03B8760BFF8AFF8BFF0CFBB3FCF6FEC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sophonia picta Viraktamath & Wilson 2018	<div><p>Sophonia picta sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 12, 20–31.</p><p>Yellow with carmine red and black markings. Crown with a large squarish to round carmine red spot near apex from which thin median line of same color extends posterad, not reaching hind margin of crown. Lateral margins of vertex in front of eye bright orange yellow. Forewing with three oblique fuscous lines and large round black spot on second apical cell, area between fuscous lines orange.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer posteriorly conically rounded, without ventral process, dorsal margin sinuate, ventral margin obliquely slightly curved, with macrosetae dorsally in posterior 0.66. Subgenital plate about 4.5 times as long as broad at base, with one row of macrosetae, distally conically rounded. Style with moderately developed preapical lobe, apophysis sinuately curved with a few hair-like setae in basal half, in lateral view slightly hooked distally. Connective Y-shaped, stem about 2.7 times as long as broad across arms. Aedeagus in lateral view Ushaped, with well-developed dorsal apodeme and poorly developed preatrium, shaft cylindrical, curved dorsally almost at right angle in basal 0.66 with rounded apex; one pair of ventral processes arising almost at midlength and following curvature of shaft, each process forked, forks subequal and each fork differently curved and longer than shaft.</p><p>Female genitalia. Sternite VII as long as sixth, posterior margin almost straight, with median slight protuberance. Valvula I curved, with strigate sculpturing confined to the distal 0.4, strigae oblique and reaching dorsal margin except sub-distally. Valvula II curved with toothed area confined to distal 0.33 preceded by hyaline area, teeth prominent with secondary dentition.</p><p>Measurements. Male 4.5–4.6 mm long, 1.7 mm wide across eyes. Female 5.4 mm long, 1.8 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, INDONESIA: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Mentaya, Hilir, Selatan, Samuda Besar, 11 Km S Samuda, i.2004, ex Sticky Trap (BMNH) . PARATYPES: 2♂, 1♀, data as for Holotype; 2 ♀, INDONESIA: Kalimantan, Sticky Trap, v.2001 (BMNH, NMWC, UASB) .</p><p>Remarks. Sophonia ocellaris (Baker), S. malayana, S. marginata (Baker), S. picta, S. penangensis (Baker) and S. sandakanensis all have a carmine red spot at the apex of the crown. S. picta differs in having the red apical spot large and square to round in shape. S. picta differs from S. ocellaris and S. malayana (male S. marginata is not known) in having the aedeagus with a ventral pair of forked processes compared to the other species which have the processes either unforked or forked with unequal branches and situated laterally. It differs from S. penangensis in lacking a process on the dorsal apodeme of the aedeagus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8760BFF8AFF8BFF0CFBB3FCF6FEC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Wilson, Michael R.	Viraktamath, C. A., Wilson, Michael R. (2018): New species of the leafhopper genera Sophonia and Stenotortor (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from the Oriental region. Zootaxa 4378 (3): 356-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.3.4
03B8760BFF8FFF8BFF0CFE3BFDD2FBA0.text	03B8760BFF8FFF8BFF0CFE3BFDD2FBA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sophonia sandakanensis (Baker) Baker	<div><p>Sophonia sandakanensis (Baker)</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 13, 14.</p><p>Pseudonirvana sandakanensis Baker, 1923: 390 . Lectotype ♂, [USNM, Examined]. Sophonia sandakanensis (Baker): Viraktamath, 1992: 265, figs.112–117.</p><p>Crown with paired small reddish spots joined at midline at apex, one median and two lateral stripes continued onto pronotum, orange. In some males, posterior half of pronotum orange, median stripe continued onto scutellum. Forewing with three fuscous oblique stripes on coastal area in apical half of forewing, black spot when present very tiny dot-like.</p><p>Male genitalia. As described by Viraktamath (1992), but with the following additional features. Aedeagus with apex of shaft strongly anteriorly curved, apex membranous, processes of the aedeagus some times unequal.</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA: 5♂, 6♀, Kalimantan Tengah, Mentaya, Hilir, Selatan, Samuda Besar, 11 Km S Samuda, i.2004, ex Sticky Trap ; 1 ♂, Kalimantan, Sticky Trap, v. 2001 (BMNH, NMWC, UASB) .</p><p>Remarks. The holotype of the species illustrated by Viraktamath is a teneral specimen. As a result some of the unsclerotized parts were not properly depicted. The shaft apex is strongly anteriorly curved and the apical processes are sometimes unequal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8760BFF8FFF8BFF0CFE3BFDD2FBA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Wilson, Michael R.	Viraktamath, C. A., Wilson, Michael R. (2018): New species of the leafhopper genera Sophonia and Stenotortor (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from the Oriental region. Zootaxa 4378 (3): 356-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.3.4
03B8760BFF8FFF8BFF0CFBDBFB2DF823.text	03B8760BFF8FFF8BFF0CFBDBFB2DF823.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sophonia similis Viraktamath & Wilson 2018	<div><p>Sophonia similis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 15, 32–37.</p><p>Yellow with carmine red and black markings. Crown with anterior crescent shaped marking and median carina in apical 0.75 carmine red, lateral margins in front of eyes yellow, longitudinal stripe on either side of median line creamy white. One median stripe on scutellum orange yellow. Forewing with four oblique stripes in apical half and posterior submargin fuscous, one large spot occupying entire width near base of second apical cell and also outer marginal area of third cell on forewing black, some areas in this region orange.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer conically rounded posteriorly, dorsal margin smoothly curved, ventral margin obliquely curved, without ventral process. With macrosetae in posterior 0.66 in dorsal half. Subgenital plate elongate, apically conically rounded with median row of macrosetae, about 3 times as long as broad at base. Style apophysis with both the angles produced, the outer one more so, setae on raised bases. Connective Y-shaped, stem 2.3 times as long as broad across arms. Aedeagus with well developed apodeme, shaft curved, with membranous vesica curved dorsally and anteriorly, unpigmented and separated from shaft at about mid length in lateral view, shaft with one pair of apical short pointed anteriorly directed processes and another pair of apical long processes that are curved on opposite side thus overlapping in front of shaft and lying on either side of shaft along its length.</p><p>Measurements. Male 4.8 mm long, 1.7 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, INDONESIA: Kalimantan Tengah, Mentaya, Hilir, Selatan, Samuda Besar, 11 Km S Samuda, i.2004, ex sticky trap (NMWC).</p><p>Remarks. S. simlis closely resembles S. malayana but differs in having a large black spot on the second apical cell of forewing and in having differently curved long processes of the aedeagus—in similis they are parallel to the shaft whereas in malayana they are strongly divergent. It also resembles S. sandakanensis in the structure of aedeagus, but has two pairs of apical processes on the aedeagus compared to one in sandakanensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8760BFF8FFF8BFF0CFBDBFB2DF823	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Wilson, Michael R.	Viraktamath, C. A., Wilson, Michael R. (2018): New species of the leafhopper genera Sophonia and Stenotortor (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from the Oriental region. Zootaxa 4378 (3): 356-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.3.4
03B8760BFF8EFF8AFF0CF9BDFD9FF909.text	03B8760BFF8EFF8AFF0CF9BDFD9FF909.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenotortor Baker 1923	<div><p>Genus Stenotortor Baker</p><p>Stenotortor Baker 1923: 375, 377; Viraktamath &amp; Wesley 1988: 186; Viraktamath 1992: 253. Type species: Stenotortor inocarpi Baker, by original designation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8760BFF8EFF8AFF0CF9BDFD9FF909	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Wilson, Michael R.	Viraktamath, C. A., Wilson, Michael R. (2018): New species of the leafhopper genera Sophonia and Stenotortor (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from the Oriental region. Zootaxa 4378 (3): 356-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.3.4
03B8760BFF8EFF86FF0CF971FC4CFD6A.text	03B8760BFF8EFF86FF0CF971FC4CFD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenotortor acuta Viraktamath & Wilson 2018	<div><p>Stenotortor acuta sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 16, 38–46.</p><p>Coloration similar to that in S. subhimalaya with following differences: crown with two oblique short stripes on either side of median line. Posterior margin of pronotum, dark and mesonoutm dark reddish brown; inner claval marginal band in holotype complete but in paratype discontinuous in distal 0.66; costal margin, fore and middle tibiae, pink in paratype male.</p><p>Crown longer than pronotum, anteriorly narrowed and acutely pointed, lateral carinae sinuate. Pronotum 1.3 times as wide as long, slightly arcuate, transversely wrinkled. Mesonoutm longer than pronotum but about as long as crown. Forewing venation raised above general surface, costal cross veins present.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer elongate, dorsoventrally depressed, posteroventrally rounded, with macrosetae. Subgenital plate slightly narrowed distally compared to proximal region, covered with microsetae in distal half. Style robust, broad in middle 0.33, apophysis strongly curved, with tooth-like projection at apex. Connective triangular, weakly sclerotized. Aedeagus broad at base, preatrium longer than broad, dorsal apodeme poorly developed, shaft narrowed distally in lateral aspect, gonopore large. Segment X short without process.</p><p>Measurements. Male 4.4 and 4.6 mm long, 1.1 mm wide across eyes and 1.5 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂, INDIA: Karnataka: Bangalore, GKVK, 12 0 58’ N, 77 0 35’ E, 930 m, 1.ix.2011. Light trap, Girish, R. (UASB). Paratype male, data as holotype but collected on 13.ii.2012 by Srikanth (UASB).</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles closely both S. inocarpi and S. subhimalaya but has a more acutely pointed head and the crown is 1.5 times the length of the pronotum, whereas in other Oriental species with similar coloration, the crown is less than 1.4 times as long as the pronotum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8760BFF8EFF86FF0CF971FC4CFD6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Wilson, Michael R.	Viraktamath, C. A., Wilson, Michael R. (2018): New species of the leafhopper genera Sophonia and Stenotortor (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from the Oriental region. Zootaxa 4378 (3): 356-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.3.4
03B8760BFF82FF86FF0CFCAFFA5FFBCC.text	03B8760BFF82FF86FF0CFCAFFA5FFBCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenotortor Baker 1923	<div><p>Key to species of Stenotortor Baker</p><p>1 Crown more than twice as long as pronotum, scutellum distinctly shorter than pronotum; crown, pronotum and forewing with dark brown markings (Fig. 8) (Papua New Guinea).......................................... S. madangensis Evans</p><p>- Crown at most 1.75 times as long as pronotum, scutellum distinctly longer than pronotum; crown, pronotum and forewings with reddish markings (Figs 5, 6, 10)...................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Crown strongly acutely pointed, about 1.5 times as long as pronotum (Fig. 5) (south India)............... S. acuta sp. nov.</p><p>- Crown less acutely pointed or conically rounded, less than 1.4 times as long as pronotum (Figs 6, 10)................... 4</p><p>3 Forewing apical half with costal submarginal red stripe, crown apex rectangulate (Fig. 10) (northeast India)..................................................................................... S. subhimalaya Viraktamath &amp; Wesley</p><p>- Forewing apical half without costal submarginal red stripe, crown acutely pointed (Fig. 6) (Singapore)..... S. inocarpi Baker</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B8760BFF82FF86FF0CFCAFFA5FFBCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Wilson, Michael R.	Viraktamath, C. A., Wilson, Michael R. (2018): New species of the leafhopper genera Sophonia and Stenotortor (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae) from the Oriental region. Zootaxa 4378 (3): 356-366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4378.3.4
