identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D71FD3AE940716E6295D715785D84F66.text	D71FD3AE940716E6295D715785D84F66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chilocorini Mulsant 1846	<div><p>Tribe Chilocorini Mulsant, 1846</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body size small to medium (2.0-8.0 mm), with downward directed head inserted into prothorax to some extent; dorsum usually without obvious pubescence. Head wider than long, flattened ventrally; clypeus variously expanded laterally and wholly concealing antennal insertions. Mandibles triangular, strong with an apical tooth and heavily developed molar teeth; maxillary palps relatively long, terminal palpomere parallel sided to weakly enlarged apically; labial palp clearly separated basally, inserted on ventral side of prementum. Antenna composed of 7-10 antennomeres, markedly short with a fusiform club composed of three terminal antennomeres. Prosternum fairly elongate in front of coxae; prosternal process narrow, parallel sided without carinae. Hind wings with large anal lobe. Elytra irregularly punctate, with epipleuron wide and complete to apex, frequently with foveae for receiving apices of femora. Abdomen with five or six ventrites; postcoxal lines at abdominal ventrite 1 variable, without associated pits and pores. Male genitalia with symmetrical tegmen, penis guide sometimes asymmetrical; parameres well developed, apically setose; penis a simple, single sclerite with sizeable basal capsule. Coxites triangular and faintly sclerotized, usually without styli; bursa copulatrix with infundibulum or fleshy lobe, with sperm duct composed of two parts of different diameter; spermatheca bean-shaped, sclerotised without well differentiated nodulus or ramus, with large accessory gland (after Ślipiński 2007).</p><p>Key to the Iranian species and genera of Chilocorini</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D71FD3AE940716E6295D715785D84F66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
FDDC41525E4142FF18DB6390E1B9E378.text	FDDC41525E4142FF18DB6390E1B9E378.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brumoides adenensis Fuersch 1987	<div><p>Brumoides adenensis Fuersch, 1987 Figs 1, 21, 24-26</p><p>Brumoides adenensis Fürsch, 1987: 44.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Middle East (that includes Iran, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen) ( Kovář 2007), Southern Africa ( Łączyński and Tomaszewska 2012).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Iran ( Kovář 2007) - no specific distribution known.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species descriptions and photographs by Fürsch (1987) and Raimundo et al. (2008) were used with some modifications.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FDDC41525E4142FF18DB6390E1B9E378	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
691140B5720A1167901884959C5E711C.text	691140B5720A1167901884959C5E711C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brumoides Chapin 1965	<div><p>Brumoides Chapin, 1965</p><p>Brumoides Chapin, 1965: 237. Type species: Coccinella suturalis Fabricius, 1798, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body length 2.0-3.5 mm. Dorsum glabrous; yellowish or brown, elytra with dark markings. Eye distinctly emarginate. Antenna composed of 8 antennomeres; terminal antennomere small, partly embedded in penultimate one. Clypeus short; labrum exposed. Pronotal base bordered; prosternal process extremely narrow, without carinae; without hypomeral fovea. Fore tibia narrow, simple, middle and hind tibiae with two apical spurs; tarsal claws appendiculate or weakly thickened basally. Abdominal ventrite 6 visible in males; abdominal postcoxal lines separated medially, each arcuately recurving apically and reaching or nearly reaching midpoint of lateral line (after Ślipiński 2007).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Various species of Brumoides have been associated with mealybugs ( Ślipiński 2007), namely Coccidohystrix insolita ( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Dactylopius confusus ( Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), Ferrisia virgata ( Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and Phenacoccus solenopsis ( Hemiptera: Pseudoccocidae) (Gordon 1985, Gautam 1990, Hodek and Honěk 2009, Arif et al. 2012, Giorgi et al. 2014). Some species of this genus, such as Brumoides suturalis (F.) feed on some whitefly species, such as Aleurolobus barodensis (Maskell) (Inayatullah 1984, Hodek and Honěk 2009) in addition to feeding on some coccids, such as F. virgata (better for development) and Planococcus pacificus (better for oviposition) (Gautam 1990).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/691140B5720A1167901884959C5E711C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
D5179EB2C8A7AEC5E45225C6999FFB5F.text	D5179EB2C8A7AEC5E45225C6999FFB5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chilocorus Leach 1815	<div><p>Chilocorus Leach, 1815</p><p>Chilocorus Leach, 1815: 116. Type species: Coccinella cacti Linnaeus, 1767, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body length 2.5-4.8 mm. Dorsal body glabrous; elytra black or brown with white or orange markings; eye clearly emarginate. Antennae short, composed of 8 antennomeres; with scape symmetrical; 8th antennomere either as long as or markedly longer than antennomere 7. Clypeus long; labrum partly exposed. Pronotal base unbordered; prosternal process narrow without carinae; hypomeral fovea absent. All tibiae flattened and angulate externally, without apical spurs; tarsal claws strongly appendiculate. Elytral margin not reflexed with indistinct bead; epipleural foveae weak. Abdominal ventrite 6 visible in males; abdominal postcoxal lines separated medially, each running parallel to hind margin of ventrite (after Ślipiński 2007).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Although various scale insects are primary hosts of Chilocorus (Escalona et al. 2017), some species at least accept aphids as prey (Gordon 1985, Drea and Gordon 1990, Ślipiński 2007, Hodek and Honěk 2009). Nonetheless, there are some reports about some species of this genus, such as Chilocorus stigma (Say) which feed on some whitefly species, such as Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Dowell and Cherry 1981, Hodek and Honěk 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5179EB2C8A7AEC5E45225C6999FFB5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
9DBFDFFB9B7C1B2C3F533C5F3EDC1367.text	9DBFDFFB9B7C1B2C3F533C5F3EDC1367.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus 1758) Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs 2, 16, 15-20</p><p>Coccinella bipustulata Linnaeus, 1758: 367.</p><p>Coccinella fasciata Müller, 1776: 68.</p><p>Coccinella transversoguttata Börner, 1776: 250.</p><p>Coccinella frontalis Thunberg, 1792: 105. [Homonym]</p><p>Coccinella testudo Florencourt Chassot, 1796: 214.</p><p>Coccinella strigata Fabricius, 1798: 79. [Homonym]</p><p>Chilocorus olivetorum Costa, 1839: 104.</p><p>Chilocorus minor Sahlberg, 1903: 86.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>8♂, 3♀: Iran, Lorestan province, V.2013, lgt. Amir Biranvand, det. Biranvand. 2♂, 1♀: Iran, Semnan province, V.2015, lgt. Mino Toozandejani, det. Biranvand.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Afrotropical region, Nearctic region, Palaearctic region (Mader 1955, Gordon 1985, Kovář 2007, Canepari 2011) and Oriental region (Poorani 2002).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Widely distributed (Duverger 1983, Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species feeds on a wide range of Hemiptera species: Agonoscena pistaciae ( Psyllidae), Aonidiella orientalis ( Diaspididae), Bemisia tabaci ( Aleyrodidae), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi ( Diaspididae), Eulecanium prunastri ( Coccidae), Euphyllura olivina ( Psyllidae), Salicola kermanensis ( Diaspididae), Lepidosaphes malicola ( Diaspididae), Leucaspis pusilla ( Diaspididae), Maconellicoccus hirsutus ( Pseudococcidae), Ommatissus binotatus lybicus ( Tropiduchidae), Parlatoria blanchardi ( Diaspididae), Parlatoria oleae ( Diaspididae), Phloeomyzus passerinii ( Aphididae), Planococcus citri ( Pseudococcidae), Pseudaulacaspis pentagona ( Diaspididae), Psylla pyricola ( Psyllidae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012) and other coccids, particularly armoured scales (Hodek 1973, Stansly 1984).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9DBFDFFB9B7C1B2C3F533C5F3EDC1367	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
56DDDFBE1DF518C9FFD036F527159FB6.text	56DDDFBE1DF518C9FFD036F527159FB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochomus Redtenbacher 1843	<div><p>Exochomus Redtenbacher, 1843</p><p>Exochomus Redtenbacher, 1843:11. Type species: Coccinella quadripustulata Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation of Thomson, 1859.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body length 2.8-5.5 mm. Dorsal body glabrous; elytra black, brown, or yellow, often with contrasting red or yellow markings; sometimes (in lighter coloured species) with black stripes along lateral margins of elytra. Antenna composed of 10 antennomeres, minute terminal antennomere embedded in penultimate one; pronotal basal margin completely bordered with submarginal line; prosternal process narrow, truncate apically, without carinae; elytral epipleura clearly narrowing, without foveae; abdominal postcoxal lines complete or nearly so, semicircular, reaching to inner end of lateral line; meso- and metatibiae each with two apical spurs; tarsal claws with or without basal tooth (after Li et al. 2015).</p><p>Ecology .</p><p>Most species of this genus are aphidophagous and coccidophagous (Gordon 1985, Kovář 1995, Magro et al. 2010). Nontheless, there are some reports about some species of the genus feeding on aleyrodids e.g., Exochomus bimaculosus Mulsant which feeds on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Yigit 1992, Leite et al. 2003, Hodek and Honěk 2009).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56DDDFBE1DF518C9FFD036F527159FB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
D9ED96F5980ACF0DB1CA34EF55F044EC.text	D9ED96F5980ACF0DB1CA34EF55F044EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochomus bifasciatus Barovsky 1927	<div><p>Exochomus bifasciatus Barovsky, 1927</p><p>Exochomus bifasciatus Barovsky, 1927: 200.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>China, Iran, Kazakhstan ( Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Iran ( Kovář 2007) - no specific distribution provided.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9ED96F5980ACF0DB1CA34EF55F044EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
9ED22C16B75F3E7FBEAF14116758B7F1.text	9ED22C16B75F3E7FBEAF14116758B7F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochomus ericae Crotch 1874	<div><p>Exochomus ericae Crotch, 1874 Fig. 3</p><p>Exochomus ericae Crotch, 1874: 193.</p><p>Chilocorus nigropictus Fairmaire, 1876: 94.</p><p>Chilocorus picturatus Fairmaire, 1876: 94.</p><p>Exochomus anchorifer Allard, 1870: 9.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Algeria, Iran, Morocco, Tunisia (Mader 1955, Duverger 1983, Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Dasht Arzhanregion, Kerman, Nowshahr region (Duverger 1983).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>We used the species descriptions and photographs of Mader (1955) with some modifications.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9ED22C16B75F3E7FBEAF14116758B7F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
551D257A468B8C2067EB949C0B06A835.text	551D257A468B8C2067EB949C0B06A835.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochomus gebleri Weise 1885	<div><p>Exochomus gebleri Weise, 1885 Figs 4, 40-43</p><p>Exochomus gebleri Weise, 1885: 55.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>5♂, 2♀: Iran, Yazd province, spring and summer 2013, lgt. Mehdi Zare Khormizi, det. Biranvand.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey ( Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Golestan, Semnan ( Kovář 1995), Lorestan (Jafari and Kamali 2007), Fars (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Yazd (current study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/551D257A468B8C2067EB949C0B06A835	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
2868DDC33A54818EF1CEFFF6DF095F83.text	2868DDC33A54818EF1CEFFF6DF095F83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochomus octosignatus (Gebler 1830) Gebler 1830	<div><p>Exochomus octosignatus (Gebler, 1830) Figs 5, 37-39</p><p>Coccinella octosignata Gebler, 1830: 225.</p><p>Coccinella deserta Motschulsky, 1840: 175.</p><p>Coccinella desertorum Gebler, 1841: 376.</p><p>Brumus lasioides Weise, 1879: 135.</p><p>Brumus conjunctus Fleischer, 1900: 118.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, France, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan ( Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Khameshorkn region (Duverger 1983), Khorasan (Moodi and Mossadegh 1995, Yaghmaei and Kharrazi Pakdel 1995), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (Bagheri and Mossadegh 1996), East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Isfahan, Kerman, Qom, Tehran, Sistan and Baluchestan (Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species feeds on the mealybugs Phenacoccus aceris and Planococcus citri ( Pseudococcidae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2868DDC33A54818EF1CEFFF6DF095F83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
FBAFE288F5ED3A3C800CEDD44B222440.text	FBAFE288F5ED3A3C800CEDD44B222440.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochomus quadriguttatus Fleischer 1900	<div><p>Exochomus quadriguttatus Fleischer, 1900 Figs 6, 29-31</p><p>Exochomus quadriguttatus Fleischer, 1900: 118.</p><p>Exochomus cordiformis Roubal, 1926: 245.</p><p>Exochomus illaesicollis Roubal, 1927: 135.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>3♂, 8♀: Iran, Semnan province, VII.2015, lgt. Mino Toozandejani, det. Biranvand.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Caucasus, Iran, Lebanon, Syria (Duverger 1983), Armenia, Turkey ( Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Sagdar region (Duverger 1983), Kerman (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Semnan (current study).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FBAFE288F5ED3A3C800CEDD44B222440	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
2B3C08B01CE6CB058466B81DEA4C3EB2.text	2B3C08B01CE6CB058466B81DEA4C3EB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus 1758) Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs 7-8, 32-34</p><p>Coccinella quadripustulata Linnaeus, 1758: 367.</p><p>Coccinella lunulata Gmelin, 1790: 1662.</p><p>Coccinella quadriverrucata Fabricius, 1792: 288.</p><p>Coccinella cassidoides Donovan, 1798: 74.</p><p>Coccinella varia Schrank, 1798: 444.</p><p>Coccinella distincta Brullé, 1832: 273</p><p>Coccinella iberica Motschulsky, 1837: 422.</p><p>Coccinella floralis Motschulsky, 1837: 423.</p><p>Exochomus haematideus Costa, 1849: 62.</p><p>Exochomus unicolor Schaufuss, 1862: 50</p><p>Exochomus sexpustulatus Kraatz, 1873:192</p><p>Exochomus bilunulatus Weise, 1879: 133.</p><p>Exochomus koltzei Weise, 1879: 134.</p><p>Exochomus reitteri Schneider, 1881: 16</p><p>Exochomus vittatus Fuente, 1910: 444</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>60♂, 75♀: Iran, Lorestan province, in all seasons, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, lgt. Amir Biranvand, det. Biranvand. 3♂, 3♀: Iran, Semnan province, V.2015, lgt. Mino Toozandejani, det. Biranvand.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic Region, Oriental region, Australian region, Nearctic region (USA: California) (Canepari 2011, Li et al. 2015).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Widely distributed (Duverger 1983, Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species feeds on various species of Hemiptera, namely: Aonidiella orientalis ( Diaspididae), Aphis fabae ( Aphididae), Callaphis juglandis ( Aphididae), Chromaphis juglandicola ( Aphididae), Eriosoma lanigerum ( Aphididae), Eulecanium prunastri ( Coccidae), Euphyllura olivina ( Psyllidae), Maconellicoccus hirsutus ( Pseudococcidae), Parlatoria oleae ( Diaspididae), Psylla pyricola ( Psyllidae), Saissetia oleae ( Coccidae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012), and other aphids and Coccidae (Uygun 1981, Ülgentürk and Toros 2001, Kaydan et al. 2006, Kaydan et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B3C08B01CE6CB058466B81DEA4C3EB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
ACD5BDFAF5EF211537A348E61B200FEA.text	ACD5BDFAF5EF211537A348E61B200FEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochomus undulatus Weise 1878	<div><p>Exochomus undulatus Weise, 1878 Figs 9, 27, 35-36</p><p>Exochomus undulatus Weise, 1878: 93</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>10♂, 16♀: Iran, Lorestan province, in all seasons, 2013, 2015, 2016, lgt. Amir Biranvand, det. Biranvand.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Palestine (Mader 1955), Caucasus (Duverger 1983), Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan ( Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Lorestan (Jafari and Kamali 2007), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Fars, Isfahan, Kerman, Khorasan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Qazvin (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Tehran (Ghanbari et al. 2012), Markazi (Ahmadi et al. 2012), Yazd (Zare Khormizi et al. 2016).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species feeds usually on Euphyllura olivina ( Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ACD5BDFAF5EF211537A348E61B200FEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
C762D7E4F62E2401102A318F82BCACD1.text	C762D7E4F62E2401102A318F82BCACD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parexochomus Barovsky 1922	<div><p>Parexochomus Barovsky, 1922</p><p>Exochomus (Parexochomus) Barovsky, 1922: 293. Type species: Exochomus pubescens Küster, 1848, by subsequent designation of Chapin 1965.</p><p>Parexochomus: Kovář 2007: 595.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body length 3.0-3.5 mm. Dorsal body glabrous or pubescent, dark brown or black with lateral margins of pronotum or at least anterior angles yellow or red. Antenna composed of 10 antennomeres, minute terminal antennomere embedded in penultimate one; terminal maxillary palpomeres stout, nearly parallel-sided; pronotal basal margin entirely bordered with submarginal line; prosternal process narrow, rounded apically, without carinae; elytral epipleura clearly narrowing towards apex, without foveae; abdominal postcoxal lines complete and semicircular, reaching to middle of lateral line; meso- and metatibiae each with two apical spurs; tarsal claws with basal tooth (after Li et al. 2015).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>The species of Parexochomus are aphidophagous or coccidophagous (Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C762D7E4F62E2401102A318F82BCACD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
3EF9B0773EA9C76D3C45E89A53B05BC3.text	3EF9B0773EA9C76D3C45E89A53B05BC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parexochomus melanocephalus (Zubkov 1833) Zubkov 1833	<div><p>Parexochomus melanocephalus (Zubkov, 1833) Fig. 10</p><p>Coccinella melanocephala Zubkov, 1833: 339.</p><p>Exochomus russicollis Mulsant, 1850: 1033.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Southern Russia, Caucasus (Mader 1955), Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bulgaria, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan ( Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Razavi Khorasan (Yaghmaei and Kharrazi Pakdel 1995), Lorestan (Jafari and Kamali 2007), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Khorasan (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Kerman (Salehi et al. 2011), Hormozgan (Fallahzadeh et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EF9B0773EA9C76D3C45E89A53B05BC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
2D65EBC6DF2E6A2C789CBE4F291ED1B8.text	2D65EBC6DF2E6A2C789CBE4F291ED1B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parexochomus nigripennis (Erichson 1843) Erichson 1843	<div><p>Parexochomus nigripennis (Erichson, 1843) Figs 11, 23, 28, 48-50</p><p>Chilocorus nigripennis Erichson, 1843: 267.</p><p>Exochomus xanthoderus Fairmaire, 1864: 648.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>10♂, 16♀: Iran, Lorestan province, VII.2014, lgt. Amir Biranvand, det. Biranvand.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Oriental region (Poorani 2002), Afrotropical region, Mediterranean region, Middle East ( Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Golestan (Montazeri and Mossadegh1995), Lorestan (Jafari and Kamali 2007), Gilan (Hajizadeh et al. 2003), Fars, Kerman, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Sistan, and Baluchestan (Moddarres-Awal 2012), Lorestan (current study).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species feeds usually on the following hemipterans: Acanthococcus abaii ( Eriococcidae), Agonoscena pistaciae ( Psyllidae), Bemisia tabaci ( Aleyrodidae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D65EBC6DF2E6A2C789CBE4F291ED1B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
567D64D3FCABC1E3D30F13AB25A893F9.text	567D64D3FCABC1E3D30F13AB25A893F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parexochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze 1777) Goeze 1777	<div><p>Parexochomus nigromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) Figs 12, 51-55</p><p>Coccinella nigromaculata Goeze, 1777: 248. Coccinella testudinare Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785: 151. Coccinella aurita Scriba, 1791: 101. Coccinella humerale Townson, 1800: 167.</p><p>Chilocorus rufipes Stephens, 1832: 375. Exochomus collaris Küster, 1849: 100. Exochomus pyrenaeus Kraatz, 1873: 194.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>75♂, 90♀: Iran, Lorestan province, spring and summer 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, lgt. Amir Biranvand, det. Biranvand. 3♂, 1♀: Iran, Semnan province, VI.2015, lgt. Mino Toozandejani, det. Biranvand.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Palaearctic region (Duverger 1983, Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Widely distributed (Duverger 1983, Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species feeds usually on the following species of Hemiptera: Agonoscena pistaciae ( Psyllidae), Aonidiella orientalis ( Diaspididae), Bemisia tabaci ( Aleyrodidae), Diuraphis noxia ( Aphididae), Eulecanium prunastri ( Coccidae), Euphyllura olivina ( Psyllidae), Maconellicoccus hirsutus ( Pseudococcidae), Therioaphis maculata ( Aphididae) (Moddarres-Awal 2012) and other aphids and Coccidae (Uygun 1981, Atlıhan and Özgökçe 2002, Kaydan et al. 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/567D64D3FCABC1E3D30F13AB25A893F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
A9911209EFA9F3DB0437B2E436F5741F.text	A9911209EFA9F3DB0437B2E436F5741F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parexochomus pubescens (Kuester 1848) Kuester 1848	<div><p>Parexochomus pubescens (Kuester, 1848) Figs 13, 22, 44-47</p><p>Exochomus pubescens Küster, 1848: 94</p><p>Exochomus apicatus Fairmaire, 1884: 59.</p><p>Exochomus circumcinctus Sahlberg, 1903: 36.</p><p>Platynaspis flavilabris Motschulsky, 1849: 155.</p><p>Platynaspis flavilabris Mulsant, 1850b: 947. [Homonym]</p><p>Exochomus gestroi Fairmaire, 1875: 540.</p><p>Exochomus lugubrivestis Mulsant, 1853: 194.</p><p>Exochomus saharae Sicard, 1929: 60</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>3♂, 5♀: Iran, Lorestan province, VII.2014, lgt. Amir Biranvand, det. Biranvand.</p><p>General distribution.</p><p>Oriental region, Palestine, Syria (Poorani 2002), Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Tunisia ( Kovář 2007).</p><p>Distribution in Iran.</p><p>Angohran region, Hormozgan, Tehran (Karaj), Khuzestan (Susangerd), Ramine region, Daran region, Sagdan region (Duverger 1983), Lorestan (Jafari and Kamali 2007), Fars, Kerman, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Sistan, and Baluchestan (Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>This species feeds on Bemisia tabaci ( Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Tetranychus turkestani ( Acari) (Moddarres-Awal 2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9911209EFA9F3DB0437B2E436F5741F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Biranvand, Amir;Tomaszewska, Wioletta;Li, Wenjing;Nicolas, Vincent;Shakarami, Jahanshir;Fekrat, Lida;Hesami, Shahram	Biranvand, Amir, Tomaszewska, Wioletta, Li, Wenjing, Nicolas, Vincent, Shakarami, Jahanshir, Fekrat, Lida, Hesami, Shahram (2017): Review of the tribe Chilocorini Mulsant from Iran (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). ZooKeys 712: 43-68, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.712.20419
