taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FF778B40EE35.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Alborz: Bareghan, 1470 m, 3. ix. 1996, leg. Badii / Barari / Sarafrazi, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Ardabil: Khalkhal, 1600 m, 2. vii. 1998, leg. Mofdi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Khalkhal-Givi Rd, viii. 1966, 1 ♂, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: Gharehchaman, vii. 2004, 1 ♂, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC); Youzband, 1500 m, 4. vii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Gilan: 15 km Hashtpar, 570 m, 31. vi. 1975, Mirzayans, 1 ♀ (HMIM); 15 km Pissasson, 220 m, 30. ix. 1975, leg. Mirzayans, 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Khasekhani, 1250 m, 2. viii. 1999, leg. Ebrahimi / Badii / Mofidi, 1 ♂, 6 ♀ (HMIM); Kom, 150 m, 4. viii. 1975, leg. Mirzayans, 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (HMIM); Lounak, vi. 1995, 6 ♂, 1 ♀, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC); Masuleh, 1400 m, 12. viii. 1991, leg. Hashemi / Parchami, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Masuleh, vii. 1997, viii. 2001, viii. 2001, 22 ♂, 18 ♀, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC); Parehsar, 750 m, 13. viii. 1974, leg. Mirzayans, 2 ♂, (HMIM); Parehsar, 950 m, 14. viii. 1974, leg. Mirzayans / Abaii, 8 ♂, 15 ♀, (HMIM); Pissasson, 1300 m, 15 – 16. viii. 1980, leg. Pazuki / Borumand, 6 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Rahimabad, 1. viii. 2007, leg. Farashyani / Farsi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Rahimabad, 620 m, 26. vi. 2003, leg. Moghaddam / Naserzadeh, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Rasht, 29. viii. 2001, leg. Manzari / Mofidi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Saravan, ix. 2000, 2 ♀, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC); Shandol, 950 m, 9. viii. 1974, leg. Mirzayans / Farahbakhsh, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Sheikhmahalleh, 160 m, 28 – 30. vi. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Mortazaviha, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Tutki Vil., 22. vii. 2010, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Golestan: Jameshuran, 1250 m, 22. vi. 1995, leg. Mirzayans / Badii / Sarafrazi, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Shomali: Golestan park, 150 km W. Bojnurd, vii. 2007, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC). Mazandaran: Kadisar, 1200 m, 1. vii. 2000, leg. Mofidi / Barar / Deuve, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Pol-e Sefid, 1600 m, 27 – 28. ix. 1994, leg. Mirzayans / Badii / Ebrahimi, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Ashmahalleh, 760 m, 7. ix. 1990, leg. Ebrahimi / Badii, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Sehezar, 980 m, 22. vi. 1998, leg. Mofidi, 6 ♀ (HMIM); NE Alborz mt, 670 m, leg. Zahiri / Falsafi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Mazuchal, 1800 m, 2 – 3. vii. 2000, leg. Barari / Mofidi / Ebrahimi / Deuve, 2 ♂ (HMIM); Lafora, 250 m, 23. v. 2005, leg. Naserzadeh / Serri, 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (HMIM).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FF778B40EE35.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. From the literature (Melichar 1902; Dlabola 1958, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1981; Nast 1972) and the collecting data of the specimens examined the species has been found between the elevation 150 m to 1600 m, on Alnus, Salix, mixed plants near water and under the deciduous plants and the larvae have been collected on ground plants such as Trifolium, Gypericum, Srigeron, Hieracium and Taraxacum. The species was recorded as a pest on Alnus (Abaii 2000; Modarres Awal 1994). The species is also known as a potential vector for the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (European Food Safety Authority 2013). The species is known to be a common species with an Arboreal-transpalaearctic distribution, but rare in xerothermic areas. Aphrophora alni is recorded from Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia, Iran (North, fig. 22), Central, Northern and Western Asia.	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FA5F8CE8EC00.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Khorasan-e Shomali: Golestan park, 150 km W. Bojnurd, vii. 2007, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC). Mazandaran: Hassanabad, vii. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FA5F8CE8EC00.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. The species is mostly associated with Salix species but according to Moosavi & Sadeghi Namaghi 2012), the species has also been found on sugar beet. It is recorded from Europe to Northern Africa, Iran (North and Northeast, fig. 21), Central and Northern Asia. The species is suggested as a potential vector for the bacterium X. fastidiosa, which infests olive trees in Europe (European Food Safety Authority 2013).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAAFFF94DF0F9CD8D7EED98.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Azarbaiejan-e Gharbi: Doroud, 1841 m, 30. viii. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Ghasemlu, 1350 m, 17 – 18. viii. 1994, leg. Ebrahimi / Sarafrazi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Piranshahr – Mahabad Rd, 1638 m, 30. vii. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: Bonab, 1316 m, 27. viii. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian / Nematian, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Esfahan: Golestankuh, 2700 m, 3 – 4. vii. 1983, leg. Mirzayans / Borumand, 2 ♂ (HMIM). Kohkiluyeh va Boyerahmad: Kuhgol Fal., 3022 m, 15. vi. 2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Tehran: 8 Km W. Zidasht, 220 m, 10 – 13. vii. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Mortazaviha, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Tijkuh, 1950 m, 9. vii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Zanjan: Zarrinabad, 1659 m, 13. vii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian / Hajiesmailian, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAAFFF94DF0F9CD8D7EED98.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. The published data (Dlabola 1957, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1970, 1972, 1981; Nast 1972) and collecting data from the museum specimens shows the presence of this species at the elevation of 1000 m to 2700 m, in xerothermic habitats and halophilic plants in swamps, salt marshes, sandy habitats and steppes. Larvae may feed on Galium, Hypericum, Rumex, Cirsium and other forage plants. The species is considered as a potential vector for the bacterium X. fastidiosa, which infests olive trees in Europe (European Food Safety Authority 2013). The species is known as a Holarctic faunal element distributed from Western Europe, Northern Africa, Northern and Western Asia, Iran (West, fig. 24), Afghanistan and Eastern Asia.	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFACFFFA4DF0F8AF8809E804.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Alborz: Azadbar, vii. 2005, vii. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: Kalibar, 1793 m, 2. ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Gilan: Barasar, vii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Ganjeh, vi. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Jirandeh, vii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 4 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC); Manjil, vii. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 11 ♂, 11 ♀ (NMWC); Masuleh, vii. 1996, vii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 7 ♂, 7 ♀ (NMWC); Salansar. v. 2005, leg. Linnavuori, 4 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC); Sangrud, vi. 2005, viii. 2007, vi. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 47 ♂, 55 ♀ (NMWC); Tutbabon – Rudbar, vi. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC). Golestan: 35 km N. Kalaleh, vii. 2005, leg. Linnavuori, 3 ♂ (NMWC); Baghshah, 930 m, 1. viii. 2008, leg. Lashkari, 8 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Ghozlogh, 1686 m, 30. viii. 2008, leg. Lashkari, 141 ♂, 162 ♀ and 1935 m, 7. viii. 2008, leg. Lashkari, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Jozvali, 630 m, 30. viii. 2008, leg. Lashkari, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Koylar, 1250 m, 23. vii. 1996, Ebrahimi / Nazari, 4 ♀ (HMIM); Maravehtappeh, vii. 2005, leg. Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC); Tang-e Gol, 700 – 1000 m, 27 – 28. vi. 2000, leg. Barari / Mofidi / Deuv, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Toskestan, 1450 m, 30. viii. 2008, leg. Lashkari, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ and 2167 m, 7. viii. 2007, leg. Lashkari, 3 ♂, 4 ♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Shomali: 150 km W. Bojnurd, viii. 1994, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Zard, 100 km WNW Bojnurd, vii. 1994, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC). Mazandaran: Hassanabad, vii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFACFFFA4DF0F8AF8809E804.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. The publications by Dlabola (1958, 1961, 1964, 198) and Nast (1972) and the museum specimens indicates the existence of this species from 400 m to 2545 m, in sunny habitats on Poaceae in mountains, steppes and Hyrcanian type forests habitats. Neophilaenus campestris is known as a pontomediterranean faunal element and is recorded from Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia and Iran (North, fig. 26). The species is considered as a potential vector for the bacterium X. fastidiosa, which infests olive trees (Anonymous 2013).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAFFFFA4DF0FC4F8C3BEEEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Alborz: 8 km W. Zidasht, 2200 m, 10 – 13. vii. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Mortazaviha, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Asara, vii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 73 ♂, 3 ♀ (NMWC); Ardabil: Majareh, viii. 1996, ix. 1998, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♀ (NMWC). Tehran: Damavand, 2411 m and 2705 m, 27. viii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 4 ♂, 6 ♀ (HMIM).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAFFFFA4DF0FC4F8C3BEEEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. The species is found on halophilic and mesophilic plants in marshes and swamps and is known to have a holarctic distribution from Eruope, Northern and Western Asia, Iran (Fig. 25) to Eastern Asia (Dlabola 1957, 1964, 1967, 1981; Nast 1972). As shown in fig. 25, all locality records of the species in Iran are in the northern Iran except for one location in the south (Fars province), which has been recorded by Dlabola (1981). The specimen was not available for the authors to examine. The species is considered as a potential vector for the bacterium X. fastidiosa, which infests olive trees in Europe (European Food Safety Authority 2013).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAFFFFB4DF0F8DF8802EA88.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Alborz: 20 – 30 km E. Khalkhal, vi. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Azadbar, 2350 – 2410 m, 7 – 9. v. 1995, vii. 1995, 28. viii. 1996, vii. 2005, leg. Badii / Barari / Sarafrazi / Linnavuori, 17 ♂, 22 ♀ (HMIM and NMWC). Ardabil: Givi, viii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Mazandaran: Kandovan, 2600 m, 3 – 4. vii. 1995, leg. Sarafrazi / Linnavuori / Badii, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Tehran: Garmabedar Conserv., 1538 m, 6. viii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Shemshak, 2700 m, 11 – 12. viii. 1981, leg. Hashemi, 3 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAFFFFB4DF0F8DF8802EA88.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Specimens have been collected at the elevation of 2350 to 2700 m, while Tischechkin (2013) recorded it at 2400 to 3000 m. The species is known only from Iran and the known distribution is in the north (Fig. 29). It can be separated from Ph. spumarius only by the appearance of the aedeagal spines in the male. (Fig. 19 a)	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAEFFF54DF0F9AB8D08ECCC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Alborz: 61 Km E. Azadbar, 2350 m, 21. vii. 1988, leg. Mirzayans / Badii, 1 ♂ (HMIM); 8 Km W. Zidasht, 2200 m, 10 – 13. vii. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Mortazaviha, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Arangeh, Sarziarat, 1750 m, 10 – 11. vii. 1996, leg. Bararai / Badii, 21 ♂, 24 ♀ (HMIM); Asalak, 2100 m, 29. viii. 1996, leg. Badii / Barari / Sarafrazi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Azadbar, 2400 m, 7 – 9. v. 1995, leg. Sarafrazi / Badii / Linnavuori, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Baraghan, 1470 m, 3. ix. 1996, leg. Badii / Barari / Sarafrazi, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Jovestan 2. ix. 2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 5 ♂, 7 ♀ (HMIM); Kalha, 2000 m, 26. viii. 1996, leg. Badii / Sarafrazi / Barari, 2 ♂, 6 ♀ (HMIM); Karaj, v. 1975, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Samghabad, 1. viii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 4 ♂, 4 ♀ (HMIM); Shahrestanak, 2100 m, 9 – 12. vii. 1995, leg. Linnavuori / Badii / Sarafrazi, 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Ardabil: 20 – 30 km E Khalkhal, vii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (NMWC); Arjestan, 1700 m, 2. vii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 2 ♂ (HMIM); Firuzabad, viii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Givi, viii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 4 ♂, 5 ♀ (NMWC); Khaikhal – Givi, viii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Khalkhal, 1600 m, 2. vii. 1998, leg. Mofidi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Neor lake, 2350 m, 17. viii. 1991, leg. Hashemi / Parchami, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Parsabad, 27. viii. 2012, Mofidi / Khani, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Azarbaiejan-e Gharbi: Ghuchali, 09. viii. 97, leg. Mirzayans / Zehzad, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Gikhak, 2182 m, 29. viii. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Kallehgavi, 1683 m, 28. viii. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 7 ♂, 14 ♀ (HMIM); Mahmoodabad-e Olya, 25 km, Shahindej, 1426 m, 29. viii. 2007, leg. Moghaddam / Mozaffarian / Nematian, 4 ♂, 15 ♀ (HMIM); Salmas, 20. vii. 1968, leg. Abaii / Mojib, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Silvana, 24. vi. 1970, leg. Pazuki, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Tazekand, 1700 m, 21 – 22. viii. 1994, leg. Ebrahimi / Sarafrazi, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: 15 km Kalibar, 1582 m, 2. ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Ahar, 20. vii. 1968, leg. Abaii / Mojib, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Almas, 2100 m, 29. vi. 1985, leg. Mirzayans / Pazuki, 28 ♂, 33 ♀ (HMIM); Bonab, 1316 m, 27. vii. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian / Nematian, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Bostanabad, 1675 m, 24. viii. 1994, leg. Sarafrazi / Ebrahimi, 7 ♂, 6 ♀ (HMIM); Bozghush, 2250 m, 26 – 30. vii. 1992, leg. Parchami / Badii, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Gheshlagh 9. viii. 2005, leg. Gilasian / Ebrahimi, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Hergelan Vill., 1965 m, 15. vi. 2008, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Kalibar, 1793 m, 2. ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 8 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Kalibar, 1863 m, 2. ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 1. x. 1975, leg. Sadeghzadeh, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 2661 m, 1. ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 2661 m, 1. ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 3 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM); Khodaafarin – Jolfa Rd, 514 m, 04. ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Lighvan, 2440 m, 3. viii. 1992, leg. Parchami / Badii, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Mianeh, 1080 m, 7. vii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Oshlogh – Alverak, 1700 m, 20. viii. 1991, leg. Hashemi / Parchami, 1 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM); Tatar, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Tazehkand, 1280 m, 12. viii. 1992, leg. Badii / Parchami, 4 ♂, 8 ♀ (HMIM); Vayeghan, 1440 m, 5 – 6. viii. 1992, leg. Parchami / Badii, 6 ♂, 9 ♀ (HMIM); Yaichi Vill., 1922 m, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Youzband, 1500 m, 4. vii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 2 ♂, 4 ♀ (HMIM). Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari: Solay, 2600 – 3200 m, 5. vii. 1969, leg. Pazuki, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Tang-e Zeverdegan, 23. vi. 2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM). Esfahan: Afus, 2596 m, 21. vii. 2010, 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (HMIM); Bidhend, 42 m, 15. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3 ♂ (HMIM); Eskandari, 24. vi. 09, leg. Mozaffarian, 5 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM); Fereidunshahr, 2598 m, 21. vii. 2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Ghazaan, 2224 m, 14. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 5 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Golpaiegan Dam, 2044 m, 20. vii. 2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Hasangun, 2457 m, 16. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Kamu, 2548 m, 16. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Natanz, Abyaneh, 2253 m, 15. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Niasar, Margh, 1947 m, 18. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Zayandehrood Dam, 2065 m, 20. vi. 2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 5 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM). Fars: Bamoo National Park, 1650 m vi. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂, 6 ♀ (NMWC); Dasht-e Arjan, vi. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ 5 ♀ (NMWC); Estahban, 1710 m, 11. vi. 1996, leg. Badii / Sarafrazi / Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Shahpur, 27. vii. 1967, leg. Damanabi, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Ghom: Ghom, 6. vi. 1974, 13,19,24. vi. 1974, 18, 25. vii. 1974, 1, 8, 22, 28. viii. 1974, 10, 29. ix. 1974, 7. xi. 1974, 14. v. 1975, 4, 11, 18, 25. vi. 1975, 9, 16, 23. vii. 1975, 17, 31. viii. 1975, 22. ix. 1975, leg. Farzaneh, 42 ♂, 90 ♀ and 25. viii. 1975, 7. IX. 1975, leg. Sabzevari, 1 ♂, 8 ♀ (HMIM); Seifabad Vil., 912 m, 18. ix. 2007, leg. Alipanah, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Gilan: 15 km W. Astara, 135 m, 27. vi. 2003, leg. Moghaddam / Naserzadeh, 1 ♂ (HMIM); 35 km E. Khaikhal, vi. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (NMWC); Bandar Anzali, 29. ix. 1970, leg. Abaii, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Bivarzin, 900 m, 27 – 28. v. 1997, leg. Sarafrazi / Badii / Nazari, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Damashk, vii – viii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (NMWC); Darreh Dasht, vi. 1995, VII. 1996, viii. 98, leg. Linnavuori, 12 ♂, 26 ♀ (NMWC); Daylaman Baraser, vii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC); Deylaman, vii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 18 ♂, 22 ♀ (NMWC); Fouman, vi. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC); Gilanchakan, 1820 m, 27. vi. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Jafrud, vii. 2006, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Jirandeh, ix. 2000, vii. 1996 and vii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Kandovan, 21. viii. 1978, leg. Hashemi / Zairi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Kom, 150 m, 4. viii. 1975, leg. Mirzayans, 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Lashtnesha, vii. 2002, iv. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Lounak, viii. 1998, vi. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC); Majareh Kolur, vii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂ (NMWC); Manjil, vi. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Masuleh, viii. 2002, viii. 1998, leg. Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC); Pissasson, 1300 m, 15 – 16. viii. 1980, leg. Pazuki / Borumand, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Rahimabad, 1. ix. 2007, leg. Farashyani / Farsi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Rasht, vi. 1995 and 29. viii. 2001, leg. Manzari / Mofidi / Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Salansar, viii. 1998, ix. 2000, vii. 2002, vii. 2006, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂ (NMWC); Sangachin, 4 m, 23. vi. 2003, leg. Moghaddam / Naserzadeh, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Sangrud, vii. 2003, vi. 2006, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂ (NMWC); Saravan, ix. 2000, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Shaft, v. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Shahrestanak 60 km NE Karaj 2100 m, vii. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Tang-e Heiran, 1044 m, 27. vi. 2003, leg. Moghaddam / Naserzadeh, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Hamedan: Avaj, 2080 m, 11. viii. 1996, leg. Parchami / Barari / Nazari, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Barat, 2350 m, 8. viii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 8 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM); Darry-e Moradbeik, 2100 m, 9. viii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Soleimanabad, 1730 m, 14. viii. 2001, leg. Ebrahimi / Gilasian / Nematian, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Hormozgan: Geno, 1590 m, 28 – 29. iv. 1996, leg. Badii / Ardeh / Nazari, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Kohkiluyeh va Boyerahmad: Kakan, Hoseinkhani, 2100 m, 26. v. 1995, leg. Hashemi / Badii / Sarafrazi, 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM). Kordestan: Ravansar, 15. vii. 1967, leg. Abaii / Mojib, 2 ♂ (HMIM). Lorestan: Kamandan, 2050 – 2300 m, 23 – 24. viii. 1994, leg. Mirzayans / Sarafrazi, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Markazi: 5 km Gharghabad, 1570 m, 15. viii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Garreh-e Bidsukhteh, 2000 m, 29. vii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 2 ♂, 7 ♀ (HMIM). Mazandaran: Damadkola, 1100 m, 26. v. 2005, leg. Serri / Naserzadeh, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 21. viii. 1978, leg. Hashemi / Zairi, 2550 m, vii. 1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HMIM and NMWC); Khakak, 2560 m, 9. vii. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Mortazaviha, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Khorramabad, 1000 m, 29. ix. 1994, leg. Mirzayans / Ebrahimi / Badii, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Mangel, 980 m and 1000 m, 22. v. 2005, leg. Naserzadeh / Serri, 17 ♂, 14 ♀ (HMIM); Marzanabad, 2170 m, 31. vii. 2009, Hajiesmailian / Eskandari, 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (HMIM); Nematabad, 1200 m, 26. v. 2003, leg. Gilasian / Nematian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Nour, 30. v. 2006, leg. Farashyani / Zinali, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Sehezar, 980 m, 27. vi. 1998, leg. Mofidi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Tehran: 25 km NE Firuzkouh, vii. 2003, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Absard, 3 – 7. vii. 1978, leg. Pazuki / Sabzevari, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Damavand, 20. VII. 1970, leg. Safavi / Hashemi, 3 – 7. vii. 1978, leg. Pazuki / Sabzevari and 2411 m, 2705 m, 27. viii. 2006, 2950 m, 27. viii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian 8 ♂ 8 ♀ (HMIM); Firuzkuh, 16. viii. 1947, Mirzayans, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Firuzkuh, Tang-e Vashi, Abshar-e Savashi, 2191 – 2250 m, 28. vi. 2006, leg. Alipanah, 2 ♂ (HMIM); Gachsar, vii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); armabedar, 2670 m, 6. viii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 15 ♂, 15 ♀ (HMIM); Zanjan: 20 – 35 km E. Zanjan, viii. 2004, leg. Linnavuori, 17 ♂, 18 ♀ (NMWC); 8 km Soltanieh, 1959 m, 13. vii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian / Hajiesmailian, 13 ♂, 15 ♀ (HMIM); Altinkosh vil., 656 m, 12. vii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian / Hajiesmailia, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Gilankesh, vi. 2004, leg. Linnavuori, 6 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Gilvan, vii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Mohaghegh, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Paskuhan, 2055 m, 13. vii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian / Hajiesmailian, 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (HMIM); Yukharichay, 1660 m, 7. vii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 4 ♂, 6 ♀ (HMIM); Yusefabad, 1750 m, 11. vii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian / Hajiesmailian, 31 ♂, 19 ♀ (HMIM); Zanjan – Gilvan Rd, Khanchai, 2335 m, 1. vii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian / Hajiesmailian, 21 ♂, 14 ♀ (HMIM); Zanjan, vii. 2004, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Zarrinabad, 1659 m, 13. vii. 2006, leg. Mozaffarian / Hajiesmailian, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAEFFF54DF0F9AB8D08ECCC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Tischetkin (2013) found that the true Ph. spumarius was not among specimens he studied from Iran but this appears to be based on only a small sample. According to the published literature (Dlabola 1957, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1967, 1970, 1972, 1981; Khajehali et al. 2001) and the collecting data from our examined material, Ph. spumarius is known as a Holarctic faunal element which lives in Steppes with Astragalus, Semi steppes, Mesophilic biotopes, at the edge of the forests, bank of rivers with Juncus and deciduous shrubs, Hyrcanian vegetation, on Populus sp, Tamarix, at the edge of snowfields, in orchards (e. g. pomegranate and apple orchards) and fields (e. g. potato, alfalfa and wheat fields).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAEFFF54DF0F9AB8D08ECCC.taxon	materials_examined	Ph. spumarius is a Holarctic species with a wide natural distribution in Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia, Iran (Northwest, North, center and south, Fig. 28), Afghanistan, Central, Northern and Eastern Asia. The publications of records of the localities and the habitats of this species in Iran were all made before the description of Ph. elbursianus and M. iranicus. Hence the recorded distribution may include these cryptic species too. Specimens recorded by Mirzayans (1995) and deposited in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum were examined and corrected but re-identification of specimens from other published records was beyond the scope of this study. The location of examined material is shown with a different colour on the map (Fig. 28).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA3FFF64DF0FE438D8BEEE4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ardabil: Bostanabad, 30. viii. 1980, leg. Aivazzadeh, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Esfahan: 15 km Niasar, 1769 m, 17. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Abyaneh, 2253 m, 15. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3 ♂ (HMIM); Avreh, 2165 m, 17. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Bidhend, 2342 m, 15. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Frizhand, 2419 m, 5. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Ghazaan, 14. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 4 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Hasangoon Vil., 2440 m, 16. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Jevinon, 2000 m, 12 – 13. vi. 1984, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 1 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM); Kamu, 2548 m, 16. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Margh, 1947 m, 18. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 5 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Niasar, 1827 m, 18. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Sericheh, 1650 m, 9 – 11. vi. 1984, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Sheikh Bahaii Dam, 1955 m, 16. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Tahagh, 2000 m, 14 – 15. vi. 1984, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 13 ♂, 9 ♀ (HMIM). Fars: 15 km E Saadatshahr, 1680 m, vii. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 4 ♀ (NMWC); Bamoo National Park, 1650 m, vi. 1996, 13 – 14. vi. 1996, leg. Sarafrazi / Linnavuori / Badii 24 ♂, 15 ♀, leg. Linnavuori (HMIM and NMWC); Niriz – Sirjan Rd (10 km), 1950 m, 18. x. 1999, leg. Badii / Barari / Mofidi, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM). Ilam: Ghallajeh, 1810 m, 18 – 19. viii. 1996, leg. Barari / Parchami / Nazari, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Kerman: Dalfard, 1387 m, 28. iv. 2012, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Rayen, 2150 m, 16. vi. 1988, leg. Hashemi / Badii, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Sarcheshmeh, 2225 m, v. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂ (NMWC). Kohkiluyeh va Boyerahmad: 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Cheshmehmishi, 2575 m, 15. vi. 2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 10 ♂, 7 ♀ (HMIM); Kuhgol Fal., 3022 m, 15. vi. 2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Lorestan: Dolatshahi, 1298 m, 5. vi. 2007, leg. Hajiesmailian, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Mazandaran: Marzanabad, 2107 m, 3. vii. 2009, leg. Hajiesmailian, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Sistan va Baluchestan: Jalgh, 19. iv. 1950, leg. Salavatian, 1 ♂ (HMIM).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA3FFF64DF0FE438D8BEEE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: Tischechkin (2013) recorded this species from 2400 m to 3000 m elevation. However, the collecting data of our specimens indicates the presence of the species from 1298 m to 3022 m. The species is known only from Iran and the known distribution is from northwest to southeast (Fig. 27).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA3FFF04DF0F9EB8D10E94F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Ardabil: Firuzabad, viii. 2008, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC). Azarbaiejan-e Gharbi: 37 Km Shahindej, 1324 m, 29. viii. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Marangalu, vii. 2004, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: Azarshahr, 1395 m, 27. viii. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM). Busheher: 25 Km E. Taheri, 120 m, 22. iv. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Bushedr, 23 – 24. iv. 2007, leg. Linnavuori, 4 ♂ (NMWC). Esfahan: 15 km Abyaneh, 1688 m, 15. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); 2 km E. Delijan, 1550 m, 31. VII. 1981, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Kabutarabad, 22. vi. 1969, L. T, 2 ♂ (HMIM); Kavir-e Maranjab, 848 m, 19. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Niasar, 24. iv. 1970, Abai, 4 ♂ and 18. vi. 2011, 1351 m, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Salafjegan – Delijan, vi. 2003, leg. Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Sheikh Bahaii Dam, 1955 m, 16. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM). Fars: 10 km S. Dehbid, vi. 1996, leg. Linnavuori, 6 ♂ (NMWC); 15 km E. Sarvestan, vi. 2003, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♀ (NMWC); Bajgah, 5. vii. 1970, leg. Safavi / Zairi, 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Dalaki, 100 m, 6. v. 1985, leg. Mirzayans / Hashemi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Kamarej – Konartakhteh, 576 m, 8. vi. 2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Maharlu lake, 1500 m 23. iv. 1992, leg. Badii / Mirzayans, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 5 – 6. vi. 1973, lg. Dlabola, 1 ♀ and vi. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (HMIM and NMWC); Mehkou, 9. vii. 1971, leg. Safavi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); nr. Shiraz, vi. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Pol-e-Khan, vi. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMWC). Ghom: Ghom, 21. vi. 1975, 1 ♂ and 6. v. 1975, leg. Farzaneh, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Ghom lake, 900 m, 21. vi. 1975, leg. Abaii, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Gilan: Parudbar, vii. 2003, vi. 2005, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Sangrud, viii. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♀ (NMWC). Golestan: Farsian, vii. 2003, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♂ (NMWC); Sulgerd, 1150 m, 2. vii. 1996, leg. Nazari / Ebrahimi, 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Hormozgan: v. 2002, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMWC); 10 Km S. Kahurestan, 60 m, 26. IV. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Bagh-e Tang, 410 m, 7 – 8. v. 1977, leg. Pazuki, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Bandarabbas, L. T., 26. iii. 1950, Moayeri, 0 m, 10. iii. 1985, leg. Mirzayans / Borumand, 24. iv. 1977, leg. Mortazaviha and 15. ii. 1998, leg. Mofidi / Atabai, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Chahkuh, 25. iv. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Chelo, 540 m, 20. iv. 1992, leg. Mirzayans / Badii, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Farur Island, 25. iv. 2001, leg. Ghayourfar, 6 ♀ and 10 m, 1. v. 2002, leg. Ebrahimi / Mofidi / Gilasian, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Geno mountain, 320 m, 14. iv. 1992, leg. Badii / Nazari, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Hendurabi Island, 7. v. 2002, leg. Gilasian / Mofidi / Ebrahimi, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Issin, 130 m, 28 – 30. iv. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 4 ♀, 150 m, 26. iv. 1986, leg. Mirzayans / Borumand, 4 ♂ (HMIM); Larak Island, 35 m, 28. ii. 2002, leg. Hajiesmailian / Sadeghi / Mofidi, 3 ♂ (HMIM); Lavan Island, 10 m, 6. v. 2002, leg. Mofidi / Ebrahimi, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Minab, 2. iv. 1971, leg. Safavi / Zairi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Posht – Bankaran, 800 m, 16. iv. 1992, leg. Mirzayans / Badii, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Roudan, 400 m, 4. IV. 1973, leg. Abaii, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Sirik, 70 m, 18 – 19. iv. 1992, leg. Mirzayans / Badii, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Ziarat, 14. v. 1977, leg. Safavi / Pazuki, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM). Kerman: 16 km S. W. Jiroft, 820 m, 19. v. 1977, leg. Safavi / Pazuki, 3 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM); 22 km W. Ghale Gani, 490 m, 6. iii. 1978, leg. Pazuki, 10 ♂ (HMIM); 22 Km and 43 Km N. Kahnuj, 540 m and 580 m, 16. v. 1977, leg. Safavi / Pazuki, 1 ♂, 6 ♀ (HMIM); 30. IV. 1957, leg. Famuri, 2 ♀ (HMIM); 40 km Sirjan, 300 m, 13. iii. 1973, Abaii, 5 ♂, 7 ♀ (HMIM); Aliabad, 9. v. 1968, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Bargah, 650 m, 15. v. 1977, leg. Safavi / Hashemi, 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Dehbakri, 9. vi. 1971, leg. Hashemi / Naim, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Jiroft, 26. iv. 1974, leg. Safavi, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 28. vii. 1974, 3 ♂ (HMIM); Kharposht, 8. v. 1969, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Mohammadabad, 3 – 4. v. 1973, leg. Borumand, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Nough, 30. VII. 1974, 1 ♂ and 30. vii. 1974, leg. Barkhordari, 12 ♂, 16 ♀ (HMIM); Rafsanjan, 23. vi. 1974, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Ravar, 20. vi. 1974, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Sarcheshmeh, 18. vi. 1973, Barkhordari, 6 ♀ (HMIM); Shahmardi, ii. 2001, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♀ (NMWC); Sirjan – Soghan, 8. v. 1973, leg. Borumand / Hashemi, 5 ♂, 16 ♀ (HMIM). Kermanshah: Nasrabad, 450 m, 17. viii. 1996, leg. Parchami / Barari / Nazari, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Jonubi: 13 km N. Birjand, 1960 m, 6. vi. 1977, lg. Safavi / Pazuki / Abaii, 33 ♂, 22 ♀ (HMIM); Birjand – Nehbandan, 1270 m, 5. vi. 1977, Pazuki / Abaii, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Dehshor, vi. 1994, leg. Linnavuori, 15 ♂ (NMWC); Tabas, 580 m, 17. v. 1995 and 21. v. 1996, leg. Badii / Sarafrazi / Linnavuori, 3 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Razavi: leg. Yaghmaii, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Gonabad, 17. v. 1996, leg. Asdarzadeh, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Haresabad, 940 m, 15. vi. 1977, leg. Pazuki / Abaii, 4 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); Kashmar – Kariz Rd, 1250 m, 6 – 7. vi. 2009, leg. Mofidi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Mashad, 3. vii. 1974, leg. Shahrokhi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Soghand, 1630 m, 13 – 14. vi. 1977, leg. Pauki / Abaii, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Sabzevar, 7. vii. 1996, leg. Askarzadeh, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Shomali: Esfarayen, 22. v. 2007, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM). Khuzestan: Albaji, 25 m, 10. v. 1994, leg. Sarafrazi / Hashemi, 2 ♂, 5 ♀ (HMIM); Hamib, 33. iv. 1976, leg. Pazuki / Abaii, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Mollasani, 20 m, 16. v. 1975, leg. Borumand / Pazuki, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (HMIM); nr Ahvaz, Karun river, vi. 2006, leg. Linnavuori, 1 ♀ (NMWC). Markazi: Dizijan, 1550 m, 29. vii. 1997, leg. Barari / Mofidi, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Semnan: Ruyan, vii. 2003 and vi. 2004, leg. Linnavuori, 2 ♂ 4 ♀ (NMWC). Sistan va Baluchestan: Bampor, 5. v. 1950, Sarkissian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Daman, 24. iv. 1969, lg. Hash / Pazuki, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Konarak, 1. v. 1968, leg. Pazuki / Hashemi, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Sarbaz – Rask, 1 – 2. iv. 1973, leg. Borumand / Safavi, 6 ♂, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Sarbaz, 25. iv. 1949, leg. Mirzayans / Salavatian, 1 ♀ (HMIM); Zabol, 18. vi. 1988, leg. Abaii, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Yazd: Ardestan, 1550 m, 30. vi. 1981, leg. Hashemi, 2 ♂, 7 ♀ (HMIM).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA3FFF04DF0F9EB8D10E94F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Poophilus costalis is considered to be a generalist and feeds from 37 plant species in Africa and Asia (Shih et al. 2005). The collecting data of our examined material shows the activity of this species from the elevation of 0 m to 1960 m. In the literature, the present of the species have been recorded on halophilic plants, in dried rice fields, steppes with zygophyllaceous plants and on Tamarix and Alhagi as well (Dlabola 1981; Barkhordari et al. 1981; Yaghmaee 2008). It has been mentioned as a pest on sorghum in Niger (Ajayi & Oboite 1999; Akinkunmi et al. 2012) and Abaii (2000) recorded the species as a mild pest on Tamarix in Iran. Poophilus costalis (Walker) is the most widely distributed species, being found in almost all African countries and also extending across Asia (nearly all parts of Iran in fig. 20) to China, and Korea.	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA5FFF04DF0FD8B88C4EF52.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Golestan: Sulgerd, 1156 m, 22. vii. 1996, leg. Atabay, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Khorasan: Shirahmad, 1500 m, 20. vii. 1997, leg. Mirzayans / Nazari, 1 ♂ (HMIM).	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA5FFF04DF0FD8B88C4EF52.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Little is known about this species. It is comparatively rare and may be underrecorded. Emeljanov (1967) mentioned the activity of the species on cereals and in steppes. The species is here recorded from Iran for the first time. According to Emeljanov (1967), Nast (1972), Holzinger et al. (2003) and the data of our examined specimens, Paraphilaenus notatus is found in western and Southern Europe, Iran (Northeast, fig. 23) and Central Asia.	en	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
