identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BD1B1BFFA8FFFD4DF0FB2C8CE5EC6F.text	03BD1B1BFFA8FFFD4DF0FB2C8CE5EC6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphrophoridae	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to species of  Aphrophoridae in Iran </p>
            <p>1. Larger species, body length greater than 9 mm ............................................................... 2</p>
            <p>- Smaller species, body length less than 9 mm ................................................................4</p>
            <p> 2. Vertex longer than wide, general colour brown (Figs 1, 11 a–e, 20)................................  Poophilus costalis</p>
            <p>- Vertex wider than long................................................................................ 3</p>
            <p> 3. Body elongate, uniformly orange/yellowish (Figs 2, 21).......................................  Aphrophora salicina</p>
            <p> - Body relatively broad; forewing with two pale areas on costal margin (Figs 3, 12 a–c, 22)................  Aphrophora alni</p>
            <p> 4. Vertex with dark brown medial stripe extending to scutellum (Figs 4, 13 a–b, 23).................  Paraphilaenus notatus</p>
            <p>- Vertex without central distinct markings.................................................................... 5</p>
            <p>5. Hind tibia with more than 8 spines........................................................................ 6</p>
            <p>- Hind tibia with 8 spines or fewer........................................................................ 8</p>
            <p> 6. Body short, broad and oval, almost convex in dorsal profile (Figs 5, 14 a–c, 24)..................  Lepyronia coleoptrata</p>
            <p>- Body more elongate and anterior margins in dorsal view more or less parallel..................................... 7</p>
            <p> 7. General colour pale whitish-brown with a pale costal margin to forewing (Figs 6, 15 a–b, 25)........  Neophilaenus lineatus</p>
            <p> - Darker and smaller species, variable in colour from dark to pale brown (Figs 7, 16 a–b, 26).......  Neophilaenus campestris</p>
            <p>8. Male genitalia with lateral basal extensions to anal tube...................................................... 9</p>
            <p> - Male genitalia without lateral anal tube extensions to anal tube. Aedeagus as in fig. 17a (Figs 8, 17 a–c, 27)..................................................................................................  Mesoptyelus iranicus</p>
            <p> 9. Aedeagus as in fig. 18 (Figs 9, 18 a–c, 28)..................................................  Philaenus spumarius</p>
            <p> - Aedeagus as in fig. 19 (Figs 10, 19 a–c, 29)................................................  Philaenus elbursianus</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFA8FFFD4DF0FB2C8CE5EC6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FF778B40EE35.text	03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FF778B40EE35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphrophora alni (Fallén 1805) Fallen 1805	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Aphrophora alni (Fallén, 1805)</p>
            <p>(Figs 3, 12 a–b, 22)</p>
            <p> Cercopis alni Fallén, 1805:240 . </p>
            <p> Aphrophoria alni (Fallén, 1805) : Dlabola (1981): 21; Modarres Awal (1994): 84; Mirzayans (1995): 19; Abaii (2000): 15. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Alborz: Bareghan, 1470m, 3.ix.1996, leg. Badii/ Barari/ Sarafrazi, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Ardabil: Khalkhal, 1600m, 2.vii.1998, leg. Mofdi, 1♀ (HMIM); Khalkhal-Givi Rd, viii. 1966, 1 ♂, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: Gharehchaman, vii.2004, 1 ♂, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC); Youzband, 1500m, 4.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 1♂ (HMIM). Gilan: 15 km Hashtpar, 570m, 31.vi.1975, Mirzayans, 1♀ (HMIM); 15 km Pissasson, 220m, 30.ix.1975, leg. Mirzayans, 4♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Khasekhani, 1250m, 2.viii.1999, leg. Ebrahimi/ Badii/ Mofidi, 1♂, 6♀ (HMIM); Kom, 150 m, 4.viii.1975, leg. Mirzayans, 1♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Lounak, vi.1995, 6 ♂, 1♀, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC); Masuleh, 1400m, 12.viii.1991, leg. Hashemi/ Parchami, 1♀ (HMIM); Masuleh, vii.1997, viii.2001, viii. 2001, 22 ♂, 18♀, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC); Parehsar, 750m, 13.viii.1974, leg. Mirzayans, 2♂, (HMIM); Parehsar, 950 m, 14.viii.1974, leg. Mirzayans/ Abaii, 8♂, 15♀, (HMIM); Pissasson, 1300m, 15–16.viii.1980, leg. Pazuki/ Borumand, 6♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Rahimabad, 1.viii.2007, leg. Farashyani/ Farsi, 1♀ (HMIM); Rahimabad, 620m, 26.vi.2003, leg. Moghaddam/ Naserzadeh, 1♀ (HMIM); Rasht, 29.viii.2001, leg. Manzari/ Mofidi, 1♂ (HMIM); Saravan, ix.2000, 2 ♀, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC); Shandol, 950m, 9.viii.1974, leg. Mirzayans/ Farahbakhsh, 2♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Sheikhmahalleh, 160m, 28–30.vi.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Mortazaviha, 1♀ (HMIM); Tutki Vil., 22.vii.2010, 1♂ (HMIM). Golestan: Jameshuran, 1250m, 22.vi.1995, leg. Mirzayans/ Badii/ Sarafrazi, 2♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Shomali: Golestan park, 150 km W. Bojnurd, vii.2007, 1 ♂, 2♀, leg. Linnavuori (NMWC). Mazandaran: Kadisar, 1200m, 1.vii.2000, leg. Mofidi/ Barar/ Deuve, 1♂ (HMIM); Pol-e Sefid, 1600m, 27–28.ix.1994, leg. Mirzayans/ Badii/ Ebrahimi, 2♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Ashmahalleh, 760m, 7.ix.1990, leg. Ebrahimi/ Badii, 1♀ (HMIM); Sehezar, 980m, 22.vi.1998, leg. Mofidi, 6♀ (HMIM); NE Alborz mt, 670m, leg. Zahiri/ Falsafi, 1♀ (HMIM); Mazuchal, 1800m, 2–3.vii.2000, leg. Barari/ Mofidi/ Ebrahimi/ Deuve, 2♂ (HMIM); Lafora, 250m, 23.v.2005, leg. Naserzadeh/ Serri, 1♂, 4♀ (HMIM).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. From the literature (Melichar 1902; Dlabola 1958, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1970, 1981; Nast 1972) and the collecting data of the specimens examined the species has been found between the elevation 150m to 1600m, on  Alnus ,  Salix , mixed plants near water and under the deciduous plants and the larvae have been collected on ground plants such as  Trifolium, Gypericum, Srigeron, Hieracium and  Taraxacum . The species was recorded as a pest on  Alnus (Abaii 2000; Modarres Awal 1994). The species is also known as a potential vector for the bacterium  Xylella fastidiosa (European Food Safety Authority 2013). </p>
            <p> The species is known to be a common species with an Arboreal-transpalaearctic distribution, but rare in xerothermic areas.  Aphrophora alni is recorded from Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia, Iran (North, fig. 22), Central, Northern and Western Asia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FF778B40EE35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FA5F8CE8EC00.text	03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FA5F8CE8EC00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphrophora salicina (Goeze 1778) Goeze 1778	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Aphrophora salicina (Goeze, 1778)</p>
            <p>(Figs 2, 21)</p>
            <p> Cicada salicina Goeze, 1778: 309 . </p>
            <p> Aphrophora salicina (Goeze, 1778) : Moosavi &amp; Sadeghi Namaghi (2012): 9, fig. 2i. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Khorasan-e Shomali: Golestan park, 150 km W. Bojnurd, vii.2007, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC). Mazandaran: Hassanabad, vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. The species is mostly associated with  Salix species but according to Moosavi &amp; Sadeghi Namaghi 2012), the species has also been found on sugar beet. It is recorded from Europe to Northern Africa, Iran (North and Northeast, fig. 21), Central and Northern Asia. The species is suggested as a potential vector for the bacterium  X. fastidiosa , which infests olive trees in Europe (European Food Safety Authority 2013). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFABFFFE4DF0FA5F8CE8EC00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAAFFF94DF0F9CD8D7EED98.text	03BD1B1BFFAAFFF94DF0F9CD8D7EED98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus 1758) Linnaeus 1758	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>(Figs 5, 14 a–c, 24)</p>
            <p> Cicada coleoptrata Linnaeus, 1758: 437 . </p>
            <p> Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) : Dlabola (1981): 211; Mirzayans (1995): 21. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Azarbaiejan-e Gharbi: Doroud, 1841m, 30.viii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Ghasemlu, 1350m, 17–18.viii.1994, leg. Ebrahimi/ Sarafrazi, 1♂ (HMIM); Piranshahr–Mahabad Rd, 1638m, 30.vii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: Bonab, 1316m, 27.viii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian/ Nematian, 1♀ (HMIM). Esfahan: Golestankuh, 2700m, 3–4.vii.1983, leg. Mirzayans/ Borumand, 2♂ (HMIM). Kohkiluyeh va Boyerahmad: Kuhgol Fal., 3022m, 15.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM). Tehran: 8 Km W. Zidasht, 220m, 10–13.vii.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Mortazaviha, 2♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Tijkuh, 1950m, 9.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 1♂ (HMIM). Zanjan: Zarrinabad, 1659m, 13.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 3♂, 1♀ (HMIM).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. The published data (Dlabola 1957, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1970, 1972, 1981; Nast 1972) and collecting data from the museum specimens shows the presence of this species at the elevation of 1000 m to 2700 m, in xerothermic habitats and halophilic plants in swamps, salt marshes, sandy habitats and steppes. Larvae may feed on  Galium ,  Hypericum ,  Rumex ,  Cirsium and other forage plants. The species is considered as a potential vector for the bacterium  X. fastidiosa , which infests olive trees in Europe (European Food Safety Authority 2013). </p>
            <p>The species is known as a Holarctic faunal element distributed from Western Europe, Northern Africa, Northern and Western Asia, Iran (West, fig. 24), Afghanistan and Eastern Asia.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFAAFFF94DF0F9CD8D7EED98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFACFFFA4DF0F8AF8809E804.text	03BD1B1BFFACFFFA4DF0F8AF8809E804.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén 1805) Fallen 1805	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén, 1805)</p>
            <p>(Figs 7, 16 a–b, 26)</p>
            <p> Cercopis campestris Fallén, 1805: 252 . </p>
            <p> Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén, 1805) : Dlabola (1981): 211. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Alborz: Azadbar, vii.2005, vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC).</p>
            <p>Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: Kalibar, 1793m, 2.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM). Gilan: Barasar, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Ganjeh, vi.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Jirandeh, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 4♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Manjil, vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 11♂, 11♀ (NMWC); Masuleh, vii.1996, vii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 7♂, 7♀ (NMWC); Salansar. v. 2005, leg. Linnavuori, 4♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Sangrud, vi.2005, viii.2007, vi.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 47♂, 55♀ (NMWC); Tutbabon–Rudbar, vi.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 2♀ (NMWC). Golestan: 35km N. Kalaleh, vii.2005, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂ (NMWC); Baghshah, 930m, 1.viii.2008, leg. Lashkari, 8♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Ghozlogh, 1686m, 30.viii.2008, leg. Lashkari, 141♂, 162♀ and 1935m, 7.viii.2008, leg. Lashkari, 2♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Jozvali, 630m, 30.viii.2008, leg. Lashkari, 3♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Koylar, 1250m, 23.vii.1996, Ebrahimi/ Nazari, 4♀ (HMIM); Maravehtappeh, vii.2005, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Tang-e Gol, 700–1000m, 27–28.vi.2000, leg. Barari/ Mofidi/ Deuv, 1♂ (HMIM); Toskestan, 1450m, 30.viii.2008, leg. Lashkari, 1♂, 1♀ and 2167m, 7.viii.2007, leg. Lashkari, 3♂, 4♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Shomali: 150 km W. Bojnurd, viii.1994, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Zard, 100 km WNW Bojnurd, vii.1994, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC). Mazandaran: Hassanabad, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. The publications by Dlabola (1958, 1961, 1964, 198) and Nast (1972) and the museum specimens indicates the existence of this species from 400 m to 2545 m, in sunny habitats on  Poaceae in mountains, steppes and Hyrcanian type forests habitats.  Neophilaenus campestris is known as a pontomediterranean faunal element and is recorded from Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia and Iran (North, fig. 26). The species is considered as a potential vector for the bacterium  X. fastidiosa , which infests olive trees (Anonymous 2013). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFACFFFA4DF0F8AF8809E804	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAFFFFA4DF0FC4F8C3BEEEC.text	03BD1B1BFFAFFFFA4DF0FC4F8C3BEEEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neophilaenus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) Linnaeus 1758	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neophilaenus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>(Figs 6, 15 a–b, 25)</p>
            <p> Cicada lineata Linnaeus, 1758: 438 . </p>
            <p> Neophilaenus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) : Dlabola (1981): 210. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Alborz: 8 km W. Zidasht, 2200m, 10–13.vii.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Mortazaviha, 1♂ (HMIM); Asara, vii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 73♂, 3♀ (NMWC); Ardabil: Majareh, viii.1996, ix.1998, leg. Linnavuori, 1♀ (NMWC). Tehran: Damavand, 2411m and 2705m, 27.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 4♂, 6♀ (HMIM).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. The species is found on halophilic and mesophilic plants in marshes and swamps and is known to have a holarctic distribution from Eruope, Northern and Western Asia, Iran (Fig. 25) to Eastern Asia (Dlabola 1957, 1964, 1967, 1981; Nast 1972). As shown in fig. 25, all locality records of the species in Iran are in the northern Iran except for one location in the south (Fars province), which has been recorded by Dlabola (1981). The specimen was not available for the authors to examine. The species is considered as a potential vector for the bacterium  X. fastidiosa , which infests olive trees in Europe (European Food Safety Authority 2013). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFAFFFFA4DF0FC4F8C3BEEEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAFFFFA4DF0FA1D8B96EDB5.text	03BD1B1BFFAFFFFA4DF0FA1D8B96EDB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philaenus Stal 1864	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Philaenus Stål, 1864</p>
            <p> The species of this genus include the most polymorphic of Auchenorrhyncha (Drosopoulos, 2003, Drosopoulos et al., 2010). Eight species are now recognized, including some that have been described by careful study of the widely distributed  Philaenus spumarius (L.) (e.g. Abdul-Nour &amp; Lahoud, 1995; Drosopoulos &amp; Remane, 2000; Remane &amp; Drosopoulos, 2001). Tishechkin (2013) described two new  Philaenus species from Iran, but he did not find  Ph. spumarius among the specimens he studied. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFAFFFFA4DF0FA1D8B96EDB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAFFFFB4DF0F8DF8802EA88.text	03BD1B1BFFAFFFFB4DF0F8DF8802EA88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philaenus elbursianus Tishechkin 2013	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Philaenus elbursianus Tishechkin, 2013</p>
            <p>(Figs 10, 19 a–c, 29)</p>
            <p> Philaenus elbursianus Tishechkin, 2013: 73 . </p>
            <p> Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (misidentified in part): Mirzayans (1995): 21. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Alborz: 20–30 km E. Khalkhal, vi.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Azadbar, 2350– 2410m, 7–9.v.1995, vii. 1995, 28.viii.1996, vii.2005, leg. Badii/ Barari/ Sarafrazi/ Linnavuori, 17♂, 22♀ (HMIM and NMWC). Ardabil: Givi, viii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Mazandaran: Kandovan, 2600m, 3– 4.vii.1995, leg. Sarafrazi/ Linnavuori/ Badii, 1♂ (HMIM). Tehran: Garmabedar Conserv., 1538m, 6.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Shemshak, 2700m, 11–12.viii.1981, leg. Hashemi, 3♂, 5♀ (HMIM).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. Specimens have been collected at the elevation of 2350 to 2700 m, while Tischechkin (2013) recorded it at 2400 to 3000m. The species is known only from Iran and the known distribution is in the north (Fig. 29). It can be separated from  Ph. spumarius only by the appearance of the aedeagal spines in the male. (Fig. 19 a) </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFAFFFFB4DF0F8DF8802EA88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFAEFFF54DF0F9AB8D08ECCC.text	03BD1B1BFFAEFFF54DF0F9AB8D08ECCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus 1758) Linnaeus 1758	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>(Figs 9, 18 a–c, 28)</p>
            <p> Cicada spumaria Linnaeus, 1758: 437 . </p>
            <p> Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) : Dlabola (1981): 211; Mirzayans (1995): 21; Khajehali et al. (2001): 57, fig. 19. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Alborz: 61 Km E. Azadbar, 2350m, 21.vii.1988, leg. Mirzayans/ Badii, 1♂ (HMIM); 8 Km W. Zidasht, 2200m, 10–13.vii.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Mortazaviha, 1♀ (HMIM); Arangeh, Sarziarat, 1750m, 10–11.vii. 1996, leg. Bararai/ Badii, 21♂, 24♀ (HMIM); Asalak, 2100m, 29.viii.1996, leg. Badii/ Barari/ Sarafrazi, 1♀ (HMIM); Azadbar, 2400m, 7–9.v.1995, leg. Sarafrazi/ Badii/ Linnavuori, 1♀ (HMIM); Baraghan, 1470m, 3.ix.1996, leg. Badii/ Barari/ Sarafrazi, 2 ♀ (HMIM); Jovestan 2.ix.2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 7♀ (HMIM); Kalha, 2000m, 26.viii.1996, leg. Badii/ Sarafrazi/ Barari, 2♂, 6♀ (HMIM); Karaj, v.1975, 1 ♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Samghabad, 1.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 4♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Shahrestanak, 2100m, 9–12.vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori/ Badii/ Sarafrazi, 4♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Ardabil: 20–30 km E Khalkhal, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ 1♀ (NMWC); Arjestan, 1700m, 2.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♂ (HMIM); Firuzabad, viii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♀ (NMWC); Givi, viii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 4♂, 5♀ (NMWC); Khaikhal–Givi, viii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Khalkhal, 1600m, 2.vii.1998, leg. Mofidi, 1♂ (HMIM); Neor lake, 2350m, 17.viii.1991, leg. Hashemi/ Parchami, 1♂ (HMIM); Parsabad, 27.viii.2012, Mofidi/ Khani, 1♀ (HMIM). Azarbaiejan-e Gharbi: Ghuchali, 09.viii.97, leg. Mirzayans/ Zehzad, 1♀ (HMIM); Gikhak, 2182m, 29.viii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Kallehgavi, 1683m, 28.viii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 7♂, 14♀ (HMIM); Mahmoodabad-e Olya, 25 km, Shahindej, 1426m, 29.viii.2007, leg. Moghaddam/ Mozaffarian/ Nematian, 4♂, 15♀ (HMIM); Salmas, 20.vii.1968, leg. Abaii/ Mojib, 1♀ (HMIM); Silvana, 24.vi.1970, leg. Pazuki, 1♂ (HMIM); Tazekand, 1700m, 21–22.viii.1994, leg. Ebrahimi/ Sarafrazi, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: 15 km Kalibar, 1582m, 2.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Ahar, 20.vii.1968, leg. Abaii/ Mojib, 2♀ (HMIM); Almas, 2100m, 29.vi.1985, leg. Mirzayans/ Pazuki, 28♂, 33♀ (HMIM); Bonab, 1316m, 27.vii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian/ Nematian, 2♀ (HMIM); Bostanabad, 1675m, 24.viii.1994, leg. Sarafrazi/ Ebrahimi, 7♂, 6♀ (HMIM); Bozghush, 2250m, 26–30.vii.1992, leg. Parchami/ Badii, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Gheshlagh 9.viii.2005, leg. Gilasian/ Ebrahimi, 3♀ (HMIM); Hergelan Vill., 1965m, 15.vi.2008, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Kalibar, 1793m, 2.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 8♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Kalibar, 1863m, 2.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 1.x.1975, leg. Sadeghzadeh, 3♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 2661m, 1.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 2661m, 1.ix. 2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Khodaafarin–Jolfa Rd, 514m, 04.ix.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♀ (HMIM); Lighvan, 2440m, 3.viii.1992, leg. Parchami/ Badii, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Mianeh, 1080m, 7.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 1♀ (HMIM); Oshlogh– Alverak, 1700m, 20.viii.1991, leg. Hashemi/ Parchami, 1♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Tatar, 1♀ (HMIM); Tazehkand, 1280m, 12.viii.1992, leg. Badii/ Parchami, 4 ♂, 8♀ (HMIM); Vayeghan, 1440m, 5–6.viii.1992, leg. Parchami/ Badii, 6♂, 9♀ (HMIM); Yaichi Vill., 1922m, 1♂ (HMIM); Youzband, 1500m, 4.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♂, 4♀ (HMIM). Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari: Solay, 2600–3200m, 5.vii.1969, leg. Pazuki, 1♀ (HMIM); Tang-e Zeverdegan, 23.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂, 3♀ (HMIM). Esfahan: Afus, 2596m, 21.vii.2010, 1♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Bidhend, 42m, 15.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂ (HMIM); Eskandari, 24.vi.09, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Fereidunshahr, 2598m, 21.vii.2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Ghazaan, 2224m, 14.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Golpaiegan Dam, 2044m, 20.vii.2010, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Hasangun, 2457m, 16.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Kamu, 2548m, 16.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Natanz, Abyaneh, 2253m, 15.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Niasar, Margh, 1947m, 18.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Zayandehrood Dam, 2065m, 20.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 2♀ (HMIM). Fars: Bamoo National Park, 1650m vi.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 6♀ (NMWC); Dasht-e Arjan, vi.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ 5♀ (NMWC); Estahban, 1710m, 11.vi.1996, leg. Badii/ Sarafrazi/ Linnavuori, 1♂ (HMIM); Shahpur, 27.vii.1967, leg. Damanabi, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Ghom: Ghom, 6.vi.1974, 13,19,24. vi.1974, 18, 25.vii.1974, 1, 8, 22, 28.viii.1974, 10, 29.ix.1974, 7.xi.1974, 14.v.1975, 4, 11, 18, 25.vi.1975, 9, 16, 23.vii.1975, 17, 31.viii.1975, 22.ix.1975, leg. Farzaneh, 42♂, 90♀ and 25.viii.1975, 7.IX.1975, leg. Sabzevari, 1♂, 8♀ (HMIM); Seifabad Vil., 912 m, 18.ix.2007, leg. Alipanah, 1♀ (HMIM). Gilan: 15 km W. Astara, 135m, 27.vi.2003, leg. Moghaddam/ Naserzadeh, 1♂ (HMIM); 35km E.Khaikhal, vi.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ 1♀ (NMWC); Bandar Anzali, 29.ix.1970, leg. Abaii, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Bivarzin, 900m, 27–28.v.1997, leg. Sarafrazi/ Badii/ Nazari, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Damashk, vii–viii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 3♀ (NMWC); Darreh Dasht, vi.1995, VII. 1996, viii.98, leg. Linnavuori, 12♂, 26♀ (NMWC); Daylaman Baraser, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Deylaman, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 18♂, 22♀ (NMWC); Fouman, vi.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Gilanchakan, 1820m, 27.vi.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Jafrud, vii.2006, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Jirandeh, ix.2000, vii.1996 and vii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Kandovan, 21.viii.1978, leg. Hashemi/ Zairi, 1♀ (HMIM); Kom, 150m, 4.viii.1975, leg. Mirzayans, 4♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Lashtnesha, vii.2002, iv.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Lounak, viii.1998, vi.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Majareh Kolur, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂ (NMWC); Manjil, vi.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Masuleh, viii.2002, viii.1998, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 2♀ (NMWC); Pissasson, 1300m, 15–16.viii.1980, leg. Pazuki/ Borumand, 1♀ (HMIM); Rahimabad, 1.ix.2007, leg. Farashyani/ Farsi, 1♀ (HMIM); Rasht, vi.1995 and 29.viii.2001, leg. Manzari/ Mofidi/ Linnavuori, 3♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Salansar, viii.1998, ix.2000, vii.2002, vii.2006, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂ (NMWC); Sangachin, 4m, 23.vi.2003, leg. Moghaddam/ Naserzadeh, 1♂ (HMIM); Sangrud, vii.2003, vi.2006, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂ (NMWC); Saravan, ix.2000, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Shaft, v.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Shahrestanak 60km NE Karaj 2100m, vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Tang-e Heiran, 1044m, 27.vi.2003, leg. Moghaddam/ Naserzadeh, 1♀ (HMIM). Hamedan: Avaj, 2080m, 11.viii.1996, leg. Parchami/ Barari/ Nazari, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Barat, 2350 m, 8.viii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 8♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Darry-e Moradbeik, 2100m, 9.viii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♀ (HMIM); Soleimanabad, 1730m, 14.viii. 2001, leg. Ebrahimi/ Gilasian/ Nematian, 1♀ (HMIM). Hormozgan: Geno, 1590m, 28–29.iv.1996, leg. Badii/ Ardeh/ Nazari, 1♀ (HMIM). Kohkiluyeh va Boyerahmad: Kakan, Hoseinkhani, 2100m, 26.v.1995, leg. Hashemi/ Badii/ Sarafrazi, 4♂, 3♀ (HMIM). Kordestan: Ravansar, 15.vii.1967, leg. Abaii/ Mojib, 2♂ (HMIM). Lorestan: Kamandan, 2050–2300m, 23–24.viii.1994, leg. Mirzayans/ Sarafrazi, 1♂ (HMIM). Markazi: 5 km Gharghabad, 1570m, 15.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Garreh-e Bidsukhteh, 2000m, 29.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 2♂, 7♀ (HMIM). Mazandaran: Damadkola, 1100m, 26.v.2005, leg. Serri/ Naserzadeh, 1♀ (HMIM); Kandovan, 21.viii.1978, leg. Hashemi/ Zairi, 2550 m, vii.1995, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ 1♀ (HMIM and NMWC); Khakak, 2560m, 9.vii.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Mortazaviha, 1 ♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Khorramabad, 1000m, 29.ix.1994, leg. Mirzayans/ Ebrahimi/ Badii, 2♀ (HMIM); Mangel, 980m and 1000m, 22.v.2005, leg. Naserzadeh/ Serri, 17♂, 14♀ (HMIM); Marzanabad, 2170m, 31.vii.2009, Hajiesmailian/ Eskandari, 1♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Nematabad, 1200m, 26.v.2003, leg. Gilasian/ Nematian, 1♀ (HMIM); Nour, 30.v.2006, leg. Farashyani/ Zinali, 1♀ (HMIM); Sehezar, 980m, 27.vi.1998, leg. Mofidi, 1♀ (HMIM); Tehran: 25 km NE Firuzkouh, vii.2003, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Absard, 3–7.vii.1978, leg. Pazuki/ Sabzevari, 2♀ (HMIM); Damavand, 20.VII.1970, leg. Safavi/ Hashemi, 3–7.vii.1978, leg. Pazuki/ Sabzevari and 2411m, 2705m, 27.viii. 2006, 2950m, 27.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian 8♂ 8♀ (HMIM); Firuzkuh, 16.viii.1947, Mirzayans, 1♀ (HMIM); Firuzkuh, Tang-e Vashi, Abshar-e Savashi, 2191–2250m, 28.vi.2006, leg. Alipanah, 2♂ (HMIM); Gachsar, vii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); armabedar, 2670m, 6.viii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian, 15♂, 15♀ (HMIM); Zanjan: 20–35km E. Zanjan, viii.2004, leg. Linnavuori, 17♂, 18♀ (NMWC); 8 km Soltanieh, 1959m, 13.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 13♂, 15♀ (HMIM); Altinkosh vil., 656m, 12.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailia, 1♂ (HMIM); Gilankesh, vi.2004, leg. Linnavuori, 6♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Gilvan, vii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Mohaghegh, 1♂ (HMIM); Paskuhan, 2055m, 13.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 1♂, 4♀ (HMIM); Yukharichay, 1660m, 7.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 4♂, 6♀ (HMIM); Yusefabad, 1750m, 11.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 31♂, 19♀ (HMIM); Zanjan– Gilvan Rd, Khanchai, 2335m, 1.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 21♂, 14♀ (HMIM); Zanjan, vii.2004, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Zarrinabad, 1659m, 13.vii.2006, leg. Mozaffarian/ Hajiesmailian, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. Tischetkin (2013) found that the true  Ph. spumarius was not among specimens he studied from Iran but this appears to be based on only a small sample. According to the published literature (Dlabola 1957, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1967, 1970, 1972, 1981; Khajehali et al. 2001) and the collecting data from our examined material,  Ph. spumarius is known as a Holarctic faunal element which lives in Steppes with  Astragalus, Semi steppes, Mesophilic biotopes, at the edge of the forests, bank of rivers with  Juncus and deciduous shrubs, Hyrcanian vegetation, on  Populus sp,  Tamarix , at the edge of snowfields, in orchards (e.g. pomegranate and apple orchards) and fields (e.g. potato, alfalfa and wheat fields). </p>
            <p> Ph. spumarius is a polyphagous species with a very wide range of hosts and the preference to nitrogen fixing plants (Thompson 1994; Owen 1988) and can be found on large numbers of dicotyledonous plant species (Drosopoulos 2003). It is considered as a pest on alfalfa and strawberry and a potential vector for the bacterium  X. fastidiosa which infests olive trees (Peck &amp; Thompson 2008; European Food Safety Authority 2013), a resource of Pierce’s disease virus, the vector of elm yellows phytoplasma (Rosa et al., 2014, DeLong &amp; Severin 1950). The mentioned published data shows the activity of this species in the elevation of 1350m to 3900m in Iran. However, our examined material indicates the presence of the species at a minimum of 900m elevation. </p>
            <p> Ph. spumarius is a Holarctic species with a wide natural distribution in Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia, Iran (Northwest, North, center and south, Fig. 28), Afghanistan, Central, Northern and Eastern Asia. The publications of records of the localities and the habitats of this species in Iran were all made before the description of  Ph. elbursianus and  M. iranicus . Hence the recorded distribution may include these cryptic species too. Specimens recorded by Mirzayans (1995) and deposited in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum were examined and corrected but re-identification of specimens from other published records was beyond the scope of this study. The location of examined material is shown with a different colour on the map (Fig. 28). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFAEFFF54DF0F9AB8D08ECCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA3FFF64DF0FE438D8BEEE4.text	03BD1B1BFFA3FFF64DF0FE438D8BEEE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesoptyelus iranicus (Tishechkin 2013) Tishechkin 2013	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mesoptyelus iranicus (Tishechkin, 2013) ,  New Combination</p>
            <p>(Figs 8, 17 a–c, 27)</p>
            <p> Philaenus (Gyrurus) iranicus Tishechkin, 2013: 75 . </p>
            <p> Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (misidentified in part): Mirzayans (1995): 21. </p>
            <p> The species was originally described in  Philaenus (Gyrurus) by Tishechkin (2013). It is here transferred to  Mesoptyelus due to the lateral prolongation of the anal tube and the general shape of the aedeagus. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Ardabil: Bostanabad, 30.viii.1980, leg. Aivazzadeh, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Esfahan: 15 km Niasar, 1769m, 17.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Abyaneh, 2253m, 15.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂ (HMIM); Avreh, 2165m, 17.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Bidhend, 2342m, 15.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Frizhand, 2419m, 5.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Ghazaan, 14.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 4♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Hasangoon Vil., 2440m, 16.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Jevinon, 2000m, 12–13.vi.1984, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 1♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Kamu, 2548m, 16.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 3♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Margh, 1947m, 18.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 5♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Niasar, 1827m, 18.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Sericheh, 1650m, 9–11.vi.1984, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 2♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Sheikh Bahaii Dam, 1955m, 16.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); Tahagh, 2000 m, 14–15.vi.1984, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 13♂, 9♀ (HMIM). Fars: 15 km E Saadatshahr, 1680 m, vii.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 4♀ (NMWC); Bamoo National Park, 1650 m, vi.1996, 13 –14.vi.1996, leg. Sarafrazi/ Linnavuori/ Badii 24♂, 15♀, leg. Linnavuori (HMIM and NMWC); Niriz– Sirjan Rd (10 km), 1950m, 18.x.1999, leg. Badii/ Barari/ Mofidi, 1♂, 3♀ (HMIM). Ilam: Ghallajeh, 1810m, 18–19.viii.1996, leg. Barari/ Parchami/ Nazari, 1♂ (HMIM). Kerman: Dalfard, 1387m, 28.iv.2012, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Rayen, 2150m, 16.vi.1988, leg. Hashemi/ Badii, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Sarcheshmeh, 2225m, v.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂ (NMWC). Kohkiluyeh va Boyerahmad: 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Cheshmehmishi, 2575m, 15.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 10♂, 7♀ (HMIM); Kuhgol Fal., 3022m, 15.vi.2009, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Lorestan: Dolatshahi, 1298m, 5.vi.2007, leg. Hajiesmailian, 1♂ (HMIM). Mazandaran: Marzanabad, 2107m, 3.vii.2009, leg. Hajiesmailian, 1♂ (HMIM). Sistan va Baluchestan: Jalgh, 19.iv.1950, leg. Salavatian, 1♂ (HMIM).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitat: Tischechkin (2013) recorded this species from 2400 m to 3000 m elevation. However, the collecting data of our specimens indicates the presence of the species from 1298 m to 3022m. The species is known only from Iran and the known distribution is from northwest to southeast (Fig. 27).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFA3FFF64DF0FE438D8BEEE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA3FFF64DF0FF7888D6EA00.text	03BD1B1BFFA3FFF64DF0FF7888D6EA00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesoptyelus Matsumura 1904	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Mesoptyelus Matsumura, 1904</p>
            <p> Philaenus (Gyrurus) Tischechkin 2013 . N ew Synonym </p>
            <p> Mesoptyelus closely resembles  Philaenus externally. Anufriev (1969) provided a key to species and characters to separate the two genera. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFA3FFF64DF0FF7888D6EA00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA3FFF04DF0F9EB8D10E94F.text	03BD1B1BFFA3FFF04DF0F9EB8D10E94F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Poophilus Stal 1866	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Poophilus Stål, 1866</p>
            <p> Poophilus costalis (Walker, 1851) (Figs 1, 11 a–e, 20) </p>
            <p> Ptyelus costalis Walker, 1851: 707 . </p>
            <p> Poophilus costalis (Walker, 1851) : Dlabola (1960):6, figs 17–22; Nast (1972): 160. </p>
            <p> Philaenus nebulosus Lethierry, 1876: 80 . New Synonymy </p>
            <p> Poophilus nebulosus (Lethierry, 1876) : Nast (1972): 160; Mirzayans et al. (1976): 111; Dlabola (1981): 210; Barkhordari et al. (1981): 8; Modarres Awal (1994): 84; Mirzayans (1995): 20; Abaii (2000): 130: Yaghmaee (2008): 808, figs 3,4. </p>
            <p> Ptyelus jayakari Distant, 1916: 187 . [Synonymised by Liang (2001): 445] </p>
            <p> Poophilus nebulosus has been listed in a number of publications dealing with the fauna of Iran. Examination of the male genitalia indicated that there are no significant differences between it and the widespread  P. costalis . Accordingly  P. nebulosus is considered a junior synonym of this species. </p>
            <p>Material examined. Ardabil: Firuzabad, viii.2008, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC). Azarbaiejan-e Gharbi: 37 Km Shahindej, 1324m, 29.viii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Marangalu, vii.2004, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC). Azarbaiejan-e Sharghi: Azarshahr, 1395m, 27.viii.2007, leg. Mozaffarian, 4♂, 3♀ (HMIM). Busheher: 25 Km E. Taheri, 120m, 22.iv.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 1♀ (HMIM); Bushedr, 23–24.iv.2007, leg. Linnavuori, 4♂ (NMWC). Esfahan: 15 km Abyaneh, 1688m, 15.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♀ (HMIM); 2 km E. Delijan, 1550m, 31.VII.1981, 1♀ (HMIM); Kabutarabad, 22.vi.1969, L.T, 2♂ (HMIM); Kavir-e Maranjab, 848m, 19.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Niasar, 24.iv.1970, Abai, 4♂ and 18.vi. 2011, 1351m, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂ (HMIM); Salafjegan–Delijan, vi.2003, leg. Linnavuori, 3♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Sheikh Bahaii Dam, 1955m, 16.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM). Fars: 10km S. Dehbid, vi.1996, leg. Linnavuori, 6♂ (NMWC); 15km E. Sarvestan, vi. 2003, leg. Linnavuori, 2♀ (NMWC); Bajgah, 5.vii.1970, leg. Safavi/ Zairi, 4♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Dalaki, 100m, 6.v.1985, leg. Mirzayans/ Hashemi, 1♂ (HMIM); Kamarej– Konartakhteh, 576m, 8.vi.2011, leg. Mozaffarian, 2♀ (HMIM); Maharlu lake, 1500m 23.iv.1992, leg. Badii/ Mirzayans, 1♂, 2♀, 5– 6.vi.1973, lg. Dlabola, 1♀ and vi.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (HMIM and NMWC); Mehkou, 9.vii.1971, leg. Safavi, 1♂ (HMIM); nr. Shiraz, vi.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Pol-e-Khan, vi.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 2♀ (NMWC). Ghom: Ghom, 21.vi.1975, 1♂ and 6.v.1975, leg. Farzaneh, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Ghom lake, 900m, 21.vi.1975, leg. Abaii, 1♀ (HMIM). Gilan: Parudbar, vii.2003, vi.2005, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂, 1♀ (NMWC); Sangrud, viii.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 1♀ (NMWC). Golestan: Farsian, vii.2003, leg. Linnavuori, 1♂ (NMWC); Sulgerd, 1150m, 2.vii.1996, leg. Nazari/ Ebrahimi, 4♂, 1 ♀ (HMIM). Hormozgan: v.2002, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂, 1♀ (NMWC); 10 Km S. Kahurestan, 60 m, 26.IV.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 1♀ (HMIM); Bagh-e Tang, 410 m, 7– 8.v.1977, leg. Pazuki, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Bandarabbas, L.T., 26.iii.1950, Moayeri, 0 m, 10.iii.1985, leg. Mirzayans/ Borumand, 24.iv.1977, leg. Mortazaviha and 15.ii.1998, leg. Mofidi/ Atabai, 2♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Chahkuh, 25.iv.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 3♀ (HMIM); Chelo, 540m, 20.iv.1992, leg. Mirzayans/ Badii, 1♀ (HMIM); Farur Island, 25.iv.2001, leg. Ghayourfar, 6♀ and 10m, 1.v.2002, leg. Ebrahimi/ Mofidi/ Gilasian, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Geno mountain, 320 m, 14.iv.1992, leg. Badii/ Nazari, 1♂ (HMIM); Hendurabi Island, 7.v.2002, leg. Gilasian/ Mofidi/ Ebrahimi, 2♀ (HMIM); Issin, 130 m, 28–30.iv.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 4♀, 150m, 26.iv.1986, leg. Mirzayans/ Borumand, 4♂ (HMIM); Larak Island, 35 m, 28.ii.2002, leg. Hajiesmailian/ Sadeghi/ Mofidi, 3♂ (HMIM); Lavan Island, 10m, 6.v.2002, leg. Mofidi/ Ebrahimi, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Minab, 2.iv.1971, leg. Safavi/ Zairi, 1 ♂ (HMIM); Posht– Bankaran, 800m, 16.iv.1992, leg. Mirzayans/ Badii, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Roudan, 400m, 4.IV.1973, leg. Abaii, 1♀ (HMIM); Sirik, 70m, 18–19.iv.1992, leg. Mirzayans/ Badii, 3♀ (HMIM); Ziarat, 14.v.1977, leg. Safavi/ Pazuki, 1♂, 3♀ (HMIM). Kerman: 16 km S.W. Jiroft, 820m, 19.v.1977, leg. Safavi/ Pazuki, 3♂, 5♀ (HMIM); 22 km W. Ghale Gani, 490m, 6.iii.1978, leg. Pazuki, 10 ♂ (HMIM); 22Km and 43 Km N. Kahnuj, 540m and 580m, 16.v.1977, leg. Safavi/ Pazuki, 1♂, 6♀ (HMIM); 30.IV.1957, leg. Famuri, 2 ♀ (HMIM); 40 km Sirjan, 300m, 13.iii.1973, Abaii, 5♂, 7♀ (HMIM); Aliabad, 9.v.1968, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 1♂ (HMIM); Bargah, 650 m, 15.v.1977, leg. Safavi/ Hashemi, 1♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Dehbakri, 9.vi.1971, leg. Hashemi/ Naim, 3♀ (HMIM); Jiroft, 26.iv.1974, leg. Safavi, 1♂, 1♀, 28.vii.1974, 3♂ (HMIM); Kharposht, 8.v.1969, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 1♀ (HMIM); Mohammadabad, 3–4.v.1973, leg. Borumand, 1♀ (HMIM); Nough, 30.VII.1974, 1♂ and 30.vii.1974, leg. Barkhordari, 12♂, 16♀ (HMIM); Rafsanjan, 23.vi.1974, 2♀ (HMIM); Ravar, 20.vi.1974, 2♀ (HMIM); Sarcheshmeh, 18.vi.1973, Barkhordari, 6♀ (HMIM); Shahmardi, ii.2001, leg. Linnavuori, 1♀ (NMWC); Sirjan– Soghan, 8.v.1973, leg. Borumand/ Hashemi, 5♂, 16♀ (HMIM). Kermanshah: Nasrabad, 450m, 17.viii.1996, leg. Parchami/ Barari/ Nazari, 1♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Jonubi: 13 km N. Birjand, 1960m, 6.vi.1977, lg. Safavi/ Pazuki/ Abaii, 33♂, 22♀ (HMIM); Birjand–Nehbandan, 1270m, 5.vi.1977, Pazuki/ Abaii, 3♀ (HMIM); Dehshor, vi.1994, leg. Linnavuori, 15♂ (NMWC); Tabas, 580m, 17.v.1995 and 21.v.1996, leg. Badii/ Sarafrazi/ Linnavuori, 3♂, 5♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Razavi: leg. Yaghmaii, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Gonabad, 17.v.1996, leg. Asdarzadeh, 1♂ (HMIM); Haresabad, 940 m, 15.vi.1977, leg. Pazuki/ Abaii, 4♂, 3♀ (HMIM); Kashmar–Kariz Rd, 1250m, 6–7.vi.2009, leg. Mofidi, 1♂ (HMIM); Mashad, 3.vii.1974, leg. Shahrokhi, 1♂ (HMIM); Soghand, 1630m, 13–14.vi.1977, leg. Pauki/ Abaii, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM); Sabzevar, 7.vii.1996, leg. Askarzadeh, 1♀ (HMIM). Khorasan-e Shomali: Esfarayen, 22.v.2007, 1♂, 2♀ (HMIM). Khuzestan: Albaji, 25 m, 10.v.1994, leg. Sarafrazi/ Hashemi, 2♂, 5♀ (HMIM); Hamib, 33. iv.1976, leg. Pazuki/ Abaii, 1♀ (HMIM); Mollasani, 20m, 16.v.1975, leg. Borumand/ Pazuki, 2♂, 3♀ (HMIM); nr Ahvaz, Karun river, vi.2006, leg. Linnavuori, 1♀ (NMWC). Markazi: Dizijan, 1550m, 29.vii.1997, leg. Barari/ Mofidi, 1♂, 1♀ (HMIM). Semnan: Ruyan, vii.2003 and vi.2004, leg. Linnavuori, 2♂ 4♀ (NMWC). Sistan va Baluchestan: Bampor, 5.v.1950, Sarkissian, 1♂ (HMIM); Daman, 24.iv.1969, lg. Hash/ Pazuki, 1♀ (HMIM); Konarak, 1.v.1968, leg. Pazuki/ Hashemi, 1♀ (HMIM); Sarbaz– Rask, 1–2.iv.1973, leg. Borumand/ Safavi, 6♂, 2♀ (HMIM); Sarbaz, 25.iv.1949, leg. Mirzayans/ Salavatian, 1♀ (HMIM); Zabol, 18.vi.1988, leg. Abaii, 1♂ (HMIM). Yazd: Ardestan, 1550m, 30.vi.1981, leg. Hashemi, 2♂, 7♀ (HMIM).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat.  Poophilus costalis is considered to be a generalist and feeds from 37 plant species in Africa and Asia (Shih et al. 2005). The collecting data of our examined material shows the activity of this species from the elevation of 0 m to 1960m. In the literature, the present of the species have been recorded on halophilic plants, in dried rice fields, steppes with zygophyllaceous plants and on  Tamarix and  Alhagi as well (Dlabola 1981; Barkhordari et al. 1981; Yaghmaee 2008). It has been mentioned as a pest on sorghum in Niger (Ajayi &amp; Oboite 1999; Akinkunmi et al. 2012) and Abaii (2000) recorded the species as a mild pest on  Tamarix in Iran.  Poophilus costalis (Walker) is the most widely distributed species, being found in almost all African countries and also extending across Asia (nearly all parts of Iran in fig. 20) to China, and Korea. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFA3FFF04DF0F9EB8D10E94F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
03BD1B1BFFA5FFF04DF0FD8B88C4EF52.text	03BD1B1BFFA5FFF04DF0FD8B88C4EF52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraphilaenus notatus (Mulsant & Rey 1855) Mulsant & Rey 1855	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraphilaenus notatus (Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1855)</p>
            <p>(Figs 4, 13 a–b, 23)</p>
            <p> Ptyelus notatus Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1855:213 . </p>
            <p>Material examined. Golestan: Sulgerd, 1156m, 22.vii.1996, leg. Atabay, 1♀ (HMIM). Khorasan: Shirahmad, 1500m, 20.vii.1997, leg. Mirzayans/ Nazari, 1♂ (HMIM).</p>
            <p> Distribution and habitat. Little is known about this species. It is comparatively rare and may be underrecorded. Emeljanov (1967) mentioned the activity of the species on cereals and in steppes. The species is here recorded from Iran for the first time. According to Emeljanov (1967), Nast (1972), Holzinger et al. (2003) and the data of our examined specimens,  Paraphilaenus notatus is found in western and Southern Europe, Iran (Northeast, fig. 23) and Central Asia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD1B1BFFA5FFF04DF0FD8B88C4EF52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mozaffarian, Fariba;Wilson, Michael R.	Mozaffarian, Fariba, Wilson, Michael R. (2015): The aphrophorid spittlebugs of Iran (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Aphrophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (4): 442-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.4.2
