identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BC87A3FFD6C40BFF50FB0711758D75.text	03BC87A3FFD6C40BFF50FB0711758D75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Gyrostoma) Kirby & Spense 1828	<div><p>Subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby &amp; Spense, 1828</p><p>Gyrostoma Kirby &amp; Spense 1828: 36, 631, replacement name for Cyclostoma Kirby &amp; Spense, 1826, non Lamarck, 1799. Type species: Cyclostoma gigas Kirby &amp; Spense, 1826, by monotypy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFD6C40BFF50FB0711758D75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFD6C40BFF50FBAA174B8C81.text	03BC87A3FFD6C40BFF50FBAA174B8C81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes Latreille 1802	<div><p>Genus Polistes Latreille, 1802</p><p>Polistes Latreille 1802: 363 . Type species: Vespa gallica Linnaeus, 1767, by subsequent designation (Latreille 1810: 438).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFD6C40BFF50FBAA174B8C81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFD6C409FF50FA5211BA8E1B.text	03BC87A3FFD6C409FF50FA5211BA8E1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Gyrostoma) nigrosericans (Bequaert 1940) Selis 2018	<div><p>Polistes (Gyrostoma) nigrosericans Bequaert, 1940 stat. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1–6)</p><p>Polistes tenebricosus var. (or subsp.) nigrosericans Bequaert 1940: 265 (key), 266, ♀, ♂ —“Los Baños, Luzon, Philippine Islands ” (holotype MCZ).</p><p>Diagnosis. Differentiated from other species by combination of the following characters: clypeus flattened and with rounded apical margin, gena about as broad as eye in lateral view, male apical flagellomere curved and tapering at apex, pronotal carina not lamellate, posterior face of propodeum broadly and shallowly depressed, punctation coarse, and wings orange.</p><p>Material examined. PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Apayao, Conner, VIII.2014, 2 ♂ (MSVI) ; Apayao, Conner, IX.2014, 3 ♂ (MSVI) ; Cagayan, St. Ana, X.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Ifugao, Banaue, III.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Isabela, Dindin, VIII.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Pandan, Catanduanes, VIII.2016, leg. Ismael Lumawig, 1♀ (LDMLC) .</p><p>Distribution. Philippine Islands: Luzon (Bequaert 1940; Carpenter 1996b)</p><p>Remarks. Bequaert (1940) originally described this taxon as a variety or subspecies of P. tenebricosus, then Saito et al. (2005) synonymized it along all other subspecies stating that “the subspecies category has no place in a phylogenetic system” and considering morphological characters of the subspecies sulcatus Smith, 1852 only. Comparing males of P. tenebricosus nigrosericans from Luzon with males of the typical form from Indonesia, I concluded that there are differences that allow consideration of P. tenebricosus nigrosericans as a distinct species [characters of nominotypical male P. tenebricosus in brackets]: apical margin of clypeus weakly rounded to almost truncate [with a sharp median tooth], clypeus flattened or with a weak median depression (Fig. 3) [clypeus longitudinally depressed and with two basal calli (Fig. 8)], mandible simple [inner margin of mandible bulging in basal half], second tooth of mandible shorter than adjacent ones [three apical teeth of mandible of same length], gena in lateral view almost as broad as width of eye at ocular sinus and with a rounded but clearly visible angle on posterior margin (Fig. 4) [gena in lateral view 1.5× as broad as width of eye at ocular sinus and with posterior margin regularly rounded (Fig. 9)], last flagellomere curved and tapering only at apex (Fig. 5) [last flagellomere straight and tapering from base to apex (Fig. 10)], T 1 in lateral view more strongly curved dorsally, mesosoma less densely punctured and propodeum with finer striae. Differences in females are less evident than in males, but can be summarized as follows: more robust species, anterior pronotal carina less elevated and not lamellate [anterior pronotal carina elevated and shortly lamellate], posterior face of propodeum broader than long and with a broad shallow depression (Fig. 6) [posterior face of propodeum as long as broad and with a narrower and deeper depression (Fig. 11)], T 1 in dorsal view as long as broad or broader than long [T1 longer than broad], T 1 in lateral view strongly curved dorsally [T 1 in lateral view weakly curved dorsally], dorsal plate of metapleura transversely striate [dorsal plate of metapleura punctate], clypeus and gena more coarsely punctured. Wings orange-yellow with orange venation [wings fuscous-hyaline with black-brown venation].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFD6C409FF50FA5211BA8E1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFD4C40FFF50F9A4174D8978.text	03BC87A3FFD4C40FFF50F9A4174D8978.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus Lepeletier 1836	<div><p>Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenebricosus Lepeletier, 1836</p><p>(Figs. 7–11)</p><p>Polistes tenebricosa Lepeletier 1836: 529 —“Ile de Java, Asie méridionale” (type depository unknown [MRSN?]).</p><p>Diagnosis. Differentiated by combination of the following characters: clypeus depressed in the middle and apically pointed, gena much broader than eye in lateral view, apical flagellomere straight and tapering from base to apex, pronotal carina lamellate, posterior face of propodeum narrowly and deeply depressed, and wings fuscous.</p><p>Material examined. PHILIPPINES: NEGROS: Don Salvador Benedicto, VI.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Dumaguete, VI.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Mt. Canlaon, 900m, II.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. India; Nepal; China; Taiwan; Vietnam; Myanmar; Indonesia; Philippine Islands: Negros, Sibuyan (Bequaert 1940; Carpenter 1996b; Nugroho et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. Three subspecies were recorded from the Philippine Islands: P. t. leopoldi Bequaert, 1934 (Fig. 7) from Negros, P. t. nigrosericans Bequaert, 1940 from Luzon, and P. t. sibuyanensis Bequaert, 1940 from Sibuyan. The subspecies P. t. nigrosericans is elevated to species rank above, while the taxonomic status of the other subspecies remains unclear due to the absence of male specimens to be examined. Three females of subspecies P. t. leopoldi were examined and they show characters similar to P. (G.) nigrosericans, but without examining males, the status of this subspecies cannot be clarified. Specimens of subspecies P. t. sibuyanensis were not available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFD4C40FFF50F9A4174D8978	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFD2C40FFF50FE5216D08A09.text	03BC87A3FFD2C40FFF50FE5216D08A09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) Ashmead 1904	<div><p>Subgenus Polistella Ashmead, 1904</p><p>Polistella Ashmead 1904a: 133. Type species: Polistes manillensis de Saussure, 1854, by original designation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFD2C40FFF50FE5216D08A09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFD2C402FF50FD8E10088EA0.text	03BC87A3FFD2C402FF50FD8E10088EA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) Selis 2018	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) esperanzae Selis, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 12–21)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from the other Polistes (Polistella) species occurring in the Philippines by the following combination of characters: ventral metapleura with sparse punctures, S2 gradually swollen posteriorly (Fig. 16), S4 with parallel longitudinal ridges medially (Fig. 17), and body black with extensive red and yellow markings (Figs. 12–13).</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂, labelled “PH—Mindanao, Agusan, Esperanza/ VII.2014 /Leg. local collector” (MSNVE) . PARATYPES: PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Aurora, Dingalan, IX.2015, 1 ♂(MSVI); Isabela, Dindin, VIII.2014, 9 ♀(1♀ MSVI, 3♀ MSNVE, 3♀ OLML, 2♀ RMNH) ; Isabela, Dindin, IX.2014, 2 ♂ 2♀ (1♂ MSVI, 1♂ MSNVE, 1♀ OLML, 1♀ RMNH) ; Isabela, Dindin, X.2014, 2 ♀ (1♀ OLML, 1♀ RMNH) ; Isabela, Dindin, XI.2014, 1 ♀ (MSNVE) ; Quirino, Madela, VI.2014, 1 ♀ (RMNH); Quirino, Nagtipunan, IX.2014, 1 ♀ (OLML); MINDANAO: Agusan, Esperanza, V.2014, 1 ♀ (MSNVE); Agusan, Esperanza, I.2015, 1 ♀ (RMNH); Agusan, Esperanza, V.2016, 3 ♀ (2♀ MSVI; 1♀ MSNVE) ; Agusan, Sibagat, I.2015, 1 ♂ (RMNH) ; Agusan, Sibagat, IX.2015, 1 ♂ (OLML) ; Agusan, Sibagat, IV.2017, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Davao, Governor Generoso, XI.2017, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Davao, Mati, XII.2016, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Surigao, Tandag, Sigaboy, IX.2017, 2 ♀ (MSVI); SAMAR: Hinabangan, IX.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI). OTHER MATERIAL: Sierra Madre, Disimongal, Madela, Quirino, IV.2016, leg. Ismael Lumawig, 1♀ (LDMLC) .</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 14–16 mm; fore wing length: 16–18 mm.</p><p>Head in frontal view about 1.15× as wide as high (Fig. 14); in dorsal view weakly swollen behind eyes, then narrowed posteriorly. Vertex slightly raised in the area among ocelli, slightly sloped down near posterior ocelli. Gena in lateral view about 0.7× as wide as eye; occipital carina fine, absent in ventral third of gena. Inner eye margins weakly convergent basally. Antennal sockets closer to inner eye margin than to each other; interantennal space weakly raised. Clypeus in frontal view about 0.9× as wide as high, slightly truncated apically; in lateral view weakly swollen; length of lateral margin of clypeus lying along inner eye margin longer than diameter of antennal socket and about 0.6× as long as the length of malar space. Antennal scape about 3.35× as long as its maximum width; F1 about 3× as long as its maximum width, about 1.3× as long as the length of F2 and F3 combined; F2–F4 longer than wide; F10 bullet-shaped (Fig. 15).</p><p>Pronotal carina sharply raised, produced into thin lamella, slightly sinuate backward on lateral sides, reaching ventral corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum weakly convex, as long as wide between tegulae; anterior margin broadly rounded. Scutellum in lateral view weakly convex. Disc of metanotum almost flat, in lateral view smoothly passing from posterior margin of scutellum. Posterior face of propodeum widely and shallowly excavated medially, more or less smoothly passing into lateral faces.</p><p>T1 short and thick, about 0.7× as long as its apical width, in lateral view abruptly swollen dorsally just behind basal slit for reception of propodeal suspensory ligament. S 2 in lateral view gradually swollen posteriorly (Fig. 16).</p><p>Clypeus with scattered large punctures, each bearing sharply pointed golden bristle; tomentum restricted to the middle of the dorsal half of clypeus. Mandible with shallow punctures in the basal half and deep punctures in the apical half. Frons covered with small punctures; ocular sinus with very small punctures. Gena with sparse small and shallow punctures, ventral one third with coarse punctures. Pronotum with dense punctures on dorsal surface, sparser on lateral faces. Mesoscutum with small punctures, dense on anterior margin; punctures on scutellum coarser and slightly bigger than the ones on mesoscutum; metanotum smooth with some punctures on anterior half. Mesepisternum punctured in posterodorsal part as in the pronotum, scattered punctures in anteroventral part; border between posterodorsal and anteroventral parts indistinct. Dorsal metapleuron with striae and some small punctures; ventral metapleuron with small sparse punctures. Propodeum transversely striated, the striae stronger on dorsal face and on transiction between posterior and lateral face. Metasomal segments covered with minute punctures in addition to some scattered punctures; S4 with two medial parallel longitudinal ridges and some shorter ridges on the external side of the long one; S5 with traces of longitudinal ridges (Fig. 17); S2–S4 each with a tuft of long bended hair at apical margin, S5–S6 entirely covered with long bended hair.</p><p>Color. Black; following parts yellow to orange: ventral and lateral margins of clypeus, ventral half of inner eye margin, pronotal carina, posterior margin of pronotum, inner margin of propleura, pronotal lobe behind pretegular carina, anterior corners of scutellum, anterior margin of metanotum, two spots on posterior margin of mesepisternum, dorsal half of dorsal metapleura, dorsal margin of ventral metapleura, two triangular spots on posterior face of propodeum, ventral margin of lateral face of propodeum, propodeal valvula, posterior and lateral margin of T1–T5, posterior margin of S1–S5; following parts red-ferrugineus: scape, basal one third of F1, mandible except apical margin, gena and temple, posterodorsal part of mesepisternum, tegulae, scutellum, part of lateral face of propodeum, on T1–T5 and S1–S4 a margin between black basal part and yellow apical margin, T6 and S6, apical half of fore coxa, inner side of fore femura, apical margin of mid and hind coxae, anterior side of mid and hind femura, all tibiae and tarsi. Wings yellowish, slightly infuscated basally; wings venation dark brown in basal half and orange in apical half.</p><p>MALE. Body length 13–16 mm; fore wing length 16–17 mm.</p><p>Like female, except head about 1.2× as wide as high in frontal view (Fig. 18); eye swollen laterally; clypeus in frontal view as wide as high, truncated ventrally, with a translucent ventral margin, flat in basal half. Antenna more slender than in female; scape about 2.6× as long as wide; F1 longer than length of F2–F3 combined; F2–F5 each longer than wide; F11 slightly curved, about 2.5× as long as its basal width (Fig. 19). S7 medially depressed (Fig. 20).</p><p>Coloration like female, except clypeus black with thick yellow apical and lateral margins, ocular sinus ferrugineus, mandible yellow, yellow markings on T1–T5 and S1–S5 more vivid, T6–T7 red-ferrugineous, S7 red with a central yellow spot.</p><p>Cromatic variability. This species shows a certain variability in coloration; listed here are commonly observed variations: central area of clypeus reddish, pronotum with red tinge in the middle of lateral face, yellow markings on scutellum and mesepisternum absent, ventral metapleura entirely black, propodeal markings almost meeting medially, red band on T2 enlarged at sides, and T5 without yellow line. A male specimen from Luzon has gena and temple entirely black. A female specimen from Samar (Fig. 21) with an exceptionally broad red and yellow pattern has the following pattern: clypeus yellow with median red band, mandible orange-yellowish, an orange line that runs between eyes behind ocelli, lateral face of pronotum almost entirely red, anterior coxa entirely red, yellow spots on scutellum larger and meeting at anterior margin, metapleura almost entirely yellow, and T1– T3 with broad red band and black band restricted to the basal third.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name, esperanzae, is in reference to the locality were the holotypus was collected, the municipality of Esperanza on Mindanao island.</p><p>Distribution. Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindanao, Samar.</p><p>Remarks. A single female specimen was examined from Samar. This specimen shows a peculiar coloration as stated above, but does not present structural differences from specimens from Mindanao; therefore, it is considered conspecific and a simple local form.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFD2C402FF50FD8E10088EA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFDFC401FF50F8EE10EE8F50.text	03BC87A3FFDFC401FF50F8EE10EE8F50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) Selis 2018	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) flavitarsis Selis, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 22–31)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. williamsi Petersen, 1990, from which it differs by [characters of P. williamsi in square brackets]: ground color dark reddish-brown (Figs. 22–23) [ground color dark red (Figs. 63–64)], mesoscutum without yellow markings [mesoscutum with two yellow lines], yellow tarsi (Fig. 28) [brown tarsi (Fig. 65)], wings darkened [wings hyaline with light brownish tinge], T1 and female clypeus clearly more elongated, and male flagellomeres more than twice as long as wide (Fig. 30) [male flagellomeres less than twice as long as wide (Fig. 66)]. Both species belong to the “ Stenopolistes ” species-group, showing appressed ocelli and the jugal lobe of the hind wing reduced.</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂, labeled “PH—Mindanao, Cotabato, Kidapawan / I.2015 /Leg. local collector” (MSNVE) . PARATYPES: PHILIPPINES: MINDANAO: Agusan, San Francisco, X.2017, 1 ♀ (RMNH) ; Cotabato, Kidapawan, I.2015, 1 ♀ (MSNVE) ; Davao, Governor Generoso, X.2017, 1 ♀ (RMNH); Davao, Governor Generoso, XI.2017, 4 ♀ (2♀ MSVI; 2♀ OLML) ; Pantukan, IX.2015, 1 ♂ 1♀ (MSVI); Sarangani, Kiamba, I.2016, 1 ♀ (MSNVE); Sarangani, Kiamba, XII.2016, 1 ♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 12–14 mm; fore wing length 1 4–17 mm</p><p>Head in frontal view about as high as wide (Fig. 24); in dorsal view temples converging behind eyes. Vertex sloping down behind posterior ocelli. Distance between posterior ocelli shorter than ocellar diameter. Gena in lateral view about 0.56× as wide as eye at ocular sinus; occipital carina fine but distinct, absent in ventral half of gena. Inner eye margins weakly convergent ventrally. Antennal sockets as close to inner eye margin as to each other; interantennal space raised in a small tubercle. Clypeus in frontal view about as high as wide; in lateral view weakly convex from base to apex; length of lateral margin of clypeus lying along inner eye margin longer than diameter of antennal socket and about as long as the length of malar space; free apical part 0.25× as long as length of basal part, weakly projecting below. Antennal scape about 3.3× as long as its maximum width; F1 about 3.4× as long as its maximum width, about 1.2× as long as the length of F2 and F3 combined; F2–F9 longer than wide, becoming progressively shorter; F10 bullet-shaped, 1.7× as long as basally wide (Fig. 25).</p><p>Pronotal carina sharply raised, produced into a very short lamella, regularly curved on lateral faces, almost reaching ventral corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum distinctly convex, slightly longer than wide between tegulae. Scutellum distinctly convex anteriorly, flattened posteriorly. Disc of metanotum flat, in lateral view smoothly passing from posterior margin of scutellum; lateral thirds of metanotum weakly rounded. Propodeum with a short dorsal face behind metanotum, then smoothly passing into posterior face; posterior face of propodeum with a shallow triangular depression posteriorly; no distinct separation between faces.</p><p>T1 elongated, about 1.3× as long as its apical width, in lateral view strongly angled dorsally just behind basal slit for reception of propodeal suspensory ligament, then flattened to apical margin (Fig. 26). T 2 in dorsal view enlarged in basal half, then parallel-sided. S 2 in lateral view regularly convex from base to apex (Fig. 27).</p><p>Clypeus with scattered large punctures, each bearing sharply pointed golden bristle; tomentum restricted to the dorsal half of clypeus. Mandible with shallow scattered punctures. Face below ocular sinus impunctate; frons covered with small punctures, interspaces larger than point diameter. Gena impunctate and dull, malar space with some small deep punctures. Pronotum with shallow flat-bottomed punctures, denser on dorsal face, becoming sparser on lateral faces. Mesoscutum punctured like pronotum anteriorly, punctures becoming very shallow posteriorly. Scutellum with deeper and denser flat-bottomed punctures. Metanotum with some indistinct punctures laterally. Mesepisternum and mesosternum with dense flat-bottomed punctures, interspaces as long or slightly shorter than punctures diameter, but never forming a reticulation. Metaepisternum dorsally with striae, ventrally with very shallow sparse punctures. Propodeum transversely striate, striae weak and almost indistinct on median third of posterior face, stronger on dorsal faces. Metasomal segments entirely micropunctate, with some scattered indistinct punctures on sterna. Head and mesosoma with dense sericeous brownish pubescence, becoming grayish ventrally; metasoma with similar pubescence, but black in color.</p><p>Color. Dark reddish-brown; following parts pale yellow: posterior margin of pronotum, short line along pronotal carina on lateral face, anterior margin of metanotum, short narrow lines on propodeum, thin apical margin of T1–T3 and S2–S3, apical spot on all femora, tarsi from apex of basitarsus (Fig. 28); following part black: spots on frons, ventral face of head, anterior face and ventral corner of pronotum, margins of mesoscutum, irregular markings on mesepisternum, metaepisternum and propodeum, base of all terga and sterna, femora except apex; ventral margin of clypeus dirty orange. Wings fuscous, with weak golden reflections, purplish reflections on marginal cell; wing venation black.</p><p>MALE. Body length 12 mm; fore wing length 14–15 mm.</p><p>Like female, except more slender and elongated appearance; clypeus weakly rounded apically, in lateral view more strongly convex in apical half (Fig. 29); ventral lobe of eye greatly developed and strongly bulging; gena in lateral view 0.56× as wide as eye at ocular sinus; antenna very long, all flagellomeres more than 2× as long as wide, F1 4.1× as long as wide, F11 straight and apically rounded, F2–F11 ventrally with tyloids, on F2–F4 tyloids present as a shallow carina, on following flagellomeres tyloids present as two rounded tubercles becoming stronger apically (Fig. 30); S7 with convergent sides, slightly sinuate apically, apical margin almost truncate with two lateral tubercles, apical third of sternum with a semicircular depression delimited by a median tubercle (Fig. 31).</p><p>Coloration as in female, but face, mandible and S7 entirely yellow. Yellow markings on mesosoma more extensive.</p><p>Cromatic variability. This species shows a certain variability in the extension of yellow markings, which can be reduced, especially on propodeum and metasoma. The couple from Pantukan shows a darker coloration, black with dark red markings and very reduced yellow markings, the female clypeus is black with a median red marking. The yellow tarsal coloration is, however, constant in all specimens.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin flavus (=yellow) and tarsus (=tarsus), in reference to the yellow tarsi of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Philippine Islands: Mindanao.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFDFC401FF50F8EE10EE8F50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFDBC406FF50FF7D13FF8DEA.text	03BC87A3FFDBC406FF50FF7D13FF8DEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) philippinensis de Saussure 1854	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) philippinensis de Saussure, 1854</p><p>(Figs. 32–40)</p><p>Polistes philippinensis de Saussure 1854: 58, ♀ —“Les Philippines ” (holotype BMNH). Polistes sagittarius var. (or subsp.) funebris Bequaert 1940: 269, ♀, ♂ —“Los Banos, Luzon, Philippines Islands” (holotype MCZ). Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the combination of the following characters: medium to large sized wasp, mesosoma densely and coarsely punctate and interspaces raised to form reticulation, female metasomal sterna with longitudinal ridges (Fig. 37), coloration of metasoma ranging from entirely black to black with extensive orange markings on T1–T5, and clypeus of male entirely black or almost black with very reduced yellow lateral lines (Fig. 38).</p><p>Material examined. PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Cagayan, St. Ana, X.2014, 1 ♂ (MSVI); Ifugao, VII.2013, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Isabela, Dinapigue, VIII.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Isabela, Dindin, VIII.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Nueva Vizcaya, Belance, I.2014, leg. M.G. Felipe, 2♀ (MSVI) ; Subic, X.2015, 2 ♂ (MSVI) ; MINDANAO: Agusan, San Francisco, X.2017, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Compostela, Masara, III.2014, 1 ♀ (UDRI) ; Compostela, Masara, II.2016, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Cotabato, Kidapawan, XI.2014, 2 ♂ (MSVI) ; Davao, Governor Generoso, X.2017, 1 ♂ 2♀ (MSVI) ; Davao, Governor Generoso, XI.2017, 4 ♂ 1♀ (MSVI) ; Davao, Kapatagan, VII.2015, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Davao, Kapatagan, XII.2016, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Gutalac, V.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Masara, I.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Mt. Apo, XI.2013, 1 ♂ 1♀ (MSVI) ; Mt. Apo, II.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Mt. Apo, VI.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Subic, X.2015, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Zamboanga, Gutalac, I.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Zamboanga, Gutalac, IV. 2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Zamboanga, Gutalac, VI.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; MINDORO: Abra de Ilog, VI.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Baco, VIII.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Baco, IX.2015, 1 ♂ 1♀ (MSVI) ; Puerto Galera, VIII.2014, 2 ♂ 1♀ (MSVI) ; Puerto Galera, XI.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; SAMAR: Lope de Vega, VI.2016, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Lope de Vega, VIII.2016, leg. Ismael Lumawig, 1♂ (LDMLC) ; Lope de Vega, XI.2017, 2 ♀ (MSVI) ; Maydolong, X.2015, 1 ♂ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro*, Samar * (Bequaert 1940; Carpenter 1996b; Selis 2015).</p><p>Remarks. This species is endemic to the Philippine Islands and was formerly divided into two subspecies, P. p. philippinensis de Saussure, 1854 and P. p. funebris Bequaert, 1940. As previously stated in Selis (2015), the cohabitation of these two subspecies on Mindanao was in contrast with the concept of subspecies as a form that does not occur together with the typical form, implying that the subspecies of P. (P.) philippinensis needed to be revised. Having examined many specimens of both forms, both males and females, and from all main islands of the Philippine Islands, it is now possible to conclude that the two forms should be synonymized. Polistes (P.) philippinensis funebris generally shows smaller size and darker coloration (Figs. 32–33), while P. (P.) philippinensis philippinensis is larger and more extensively marked with orange (Figs. 34–35). In females, however, intermediate specimens that cannot be certainly placed in one subspecies are common. In males, differences in size and coloration are more constant, but transitional forms can be found, moreover differences in external characters and genitalia cannot be found. Therefore, the synonymy of P. (P.) philippinensis funebris under the typical form is proposed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFDBC406FF50FF7D13FF8DEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFDBC406FF50F9A011FC8FBD.text	03BC87A3FFDBC406FF50F9A011FC8FBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) sagittarius de Saussure 1854	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) sagittarius de Saussure, 1854</p><p>(Figs. 41–42)</p><p>Polistes sagittarius de Saussure 1854: 56, ♀ —“Les Indes-Orientales, la Chine ” (syntypes MHN and BMNH).</p><p>Diagnosis. Recognized by the weak striation of pronotum and the absence of a distinct angle between dorsal and lateral pronotal faces (Fig. 42).</p><p>Material examined. No available specimens from Philippine Islands in this study.</p><p>Distribution. India; Nepal; China; Hong Kong; Myanmar; Thailand; Malaysia; Singapore; Indonesia; Vietnam; Philippine Islands: Palawan (Bequaert 1940; Carpenter 1996b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFDBC406FF50F9A011FC8FBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFD8C405FF50FF7D10338C7B.text	03BC87A3FFD8C405FF50FF7D10338C7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) Ashmead 1904	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) stigma (Fabricius, 1793)</p><p>(Figs. 43–46)</p><p>Vespa stigma Fabricius 1793: 275 —“ India orientali” (type depository unknown).</p><p>Polistes stigma alagari Petersen 1987: 246, ♀ —“ Philippines, TAWI TAWI: … Tarawakan” (holotype ZMUC). Syn. nov. Polistes dubius de Saussure 1867: 20, fig. 15—“Manile” (lectotype NMW) . Syn. nov.</p><p>Polistes manillensis de Saussure 1854: 70, ♂ —“Les Philippines ” (holotype BMNH). Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be differentiated by its small size and the dark spot on the marginal cell of the fore wing (Fig. 46).</p><p>Material examined. PHILIPPINES: GREAT SANTA CRUZ ISLAND: 27. VI.1974, 1 ♀ (MSVI); LUZON: Zambales, Subic, I.2015, 4 ♀ (MSVI) ; MINDANAO: Cabanglasan, V.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; MINDORO: San Jose, 23. VI.1974, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Baco, III.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Baco, V.2015, 1 ♂ 2♀ (MSVI) ; NEGROS: Don Salvador, Benedicto, II.2016, 3 ♂, leg. Ismael Lumawig (LDMLC) ; Don Salvador, Benedicto, III.2016, 2 ♂ (MSVI) ; Dumaguete, IX.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; PANAY: Antique, Libertad, VIII.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand; Malaysia; Singapore; India; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Indonesia; Vietnam; Admiralty Islands; Bismarck Islands; Solomon Islands; Duke of York; New Ireland; New Guinea; Australia; Society Islands; Hermit Islands; Philippine Islands: Calicoan, Great Santa Cruz Island*, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao*, Mindoro*, Negros*, Palawan, Panay*, Tawitawi (Carpenter 1996b; Petersen 1987).</p><p>Remarks. Polistes (Polistella) stigma is a widespread species with almost 20 subspecies recognized, which had been revised by Petersen (1987). As stated by Carpenter (1996b), the subspecies category has no place in a phylogenetic system and taxa currently recognized as subspecies should be revised and recognized as synonyms or distinct species. The three subspecies described from the Philippine Islands, P. s. alagari Petersen, 1987 (Fig. 43), P. s. dubius de Saussure, 1867 (Fig. 44) and P. s. manillensis de Saussure, 1854 (Fig. 45), are, according to Petersen (1987), differentiated by color characters only. Examining specimens from various localities in the Archipelago, I found specimens that show intermediate forms between the three subspecies. Comparing them with the typical subspecies from continental Asia, no morphological characters were found to differentiate the Philippine forms, which are therefore synonymized.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFD8C405FF50FF7D10338C7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFD8C418FF50FB4410CF88C9.text	03BC87A3FFD8C418FF50FB4410CF88C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) strigosus subsp. mimus Bequaert 1940	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) strigosus mimus Bequaert, 1940</p><p>(Figs. 47–53)</p><p>Polistes strigosus var. (or subsp.) mimus Bequaert 1940: 272, ♀, ♂ —“Sibuyan Island, Philippines ” (holotype MCZ).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be easily differentiated by the strong striation and the angled margin between the dorsal and lateral face of the pronotum (Fig. 51).</p><p>Material examined. PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Camarines, Tigaon, V.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Ifugao, VII.2013, 1 ♂ (MSVI); Ifugao, Pola, VIII.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Isabela, Dindin, VIII.2014, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Madela, Disimongal, III.2016, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Madela, Disimongal, IV.2016, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; MINDANAO: Agusan, Esperanza, IV.2016, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Compostela, Masara, IV.2014, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Compostela, Masara, V.2014, 1 ♂ (UDRI) ; Kabanglasan, IX.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Mt. Apo, XI.2013, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Sarrangani, Malungon, XI.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; MINDORO: Baco, I.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Baco, III.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Baco, IV.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Baco, VII.2017, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Baco, VIII.2017, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Baco, XI.2 0 17, 1♀ (MSVI) ; NEGROS: XI.2012, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Dumaguete, IX.2014, leg. Ismael Lumawig, 1♀ (LDMLC) ; Mt. Kanlaon, XI.2014, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; SAMAR: Hinabangan, I.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Nepal; Malaysia; Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro*, Negros, Samar *, Sibuyan (Bequaert 1940; Selis 2015).</p><p>Remarks. Polistes (Polistella) strigosus actually includes three subspecies, P. s. strigosus Bequaert, 1940 from China, Laos and Taiwan, P. s. atratus Das &amp; Gupta, 1989 from India, and P. s. mimus Bequaert, 1940 from Nepal, Malaysia and the Philippine Islands. It was recorded from Vietnam with a color form that does not match these three subspecies (Carpenter 1996b; Gusenleitner 2011; Nguyen &amp; Kojima 2014). As stated for P. (P.) stigma, the subspecies category should be revised, but due to the lack of material of the other subspecies a revision cannot be done here; therefore, the subspecies P. s. mimus is maintained in the present paper.</p><p>This species in the Philippine Islands is present with four color forms, differentiated by presence and extension of yellow and red markings on meso- and metasoma.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFD8C418FF50FB4410CF88C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFC5C41FFF50FECD10D98D65.text	03BC87A3FFC5C41FFF50FECD10D98D65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) Selis 2018	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) tenuipunctatus Selis, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 54–62)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be easily recognized by the sparse punctation on mesosoma, with interspaces distinctly wider than punctures diameter; the light red coloration with extensive yellow markings (Figs. 54–55), T1 thick and as long as apically wide, and S7 of the male with and oblique cut-off semicircular area margined by short bristles (Fig. 61).</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀, labeled “ Philippines, Samar, Marabut / VI.2015 / Leg. local collector” (OLML) . PARATYPES: PHILIPPINES: SAMAR: Lope de Vega, V.2016, 1 ♂ 1♀ (MSVI); Lope de Vega, VI.2016, 2 ♀ (1♀ MSVI; 1♀ OLML) ; Lope de Vega, VII.2016, 2 ♀ (MSNVE). OTHER MATERIAL: Luzon: Aurora, Sierra Madre, III.2012, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Isabela, Dindin, X.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Description. FEMALE. Body length 12–14 mm; fore wing length 11–13 mm.</p><p>Head in frontal view about 1.12× as wide as high (Fig. 56); in dorsal view weakly swollen behind eyes, then narrowed posteriorly. Vertex very weakly raised in area among ocelli, almost flattened behind posterior ocelli. Gena in lateral view about 0.7× as wide as eye; occipital carina fine and well distinct, absent in ventral third of gena. Inner eye margins weakly convergent ventrally. Antennal sockets almost as close to inner eye margin as to each other; interantennal space weakly raised and forming a rounded tubercle. Clypeus in frontal view about as wide as high; apical margins converging to a slightly truncated apex; free apical part 0.22× as long as basal part; in lateral view weakly convex; length of lateral margin of clypeus lying along inner eye margin shorter than diameter of antennal socket and about 0.7× as long as the length of malar space. Antennal scape about 3.1× as long as its maximum width; F1 about 2.8× as long as its maximum width; F2–F4 longer than wide; F5 about as long as wide; F6–F9 becoming progressively shorter than wide; F10 bullet-shaped (Fig. 57).</p><p>Pronotal carina translucent and slightly elevated; sharper on lateral side of pronotum, less evident on dorsal face. Mesoscutum weakly convex, 1.12× as long as wide between tegulae; anterior margin broadly rounded. Scutellum flattened, anterior margin strongly convex and above level of mesoscutum. Disc of metanotum flat, in lateral view smoothly passing from posterior margin of scutellum to posterior face of propodeum. Posterior face of propodeum widely and shallowly excavated medially, transiction from posterior to lateral face indistinct and broadly rounded.</p><p>T1 short and thick, about as long as its apical width, in lateral view perpendicularly elevated just behind basal slit for reception of propodeal suspensory ligament, then angled and weakly convex on dorsal face. T 2 in dorsal view with lateral margins divergent posteriorly in basal half, then parallel sided in posterior half. S 2 in lateral view entirely convex from base to apex (Fig. 58).</p><p>Clypeus densely micropunctate, with deep small punctures on basal third and larger punctures apically, each point bearing a golden bristle; golden tomentum restricted to basal two fifths. Mandible with scattered medium sized punctures. Frons up to anterior ocellus dull and covered with small flat bottomed punctures, interspaces equal to or larger than punctures diameter; ocular sinus dull with some small punctures. Vertex and gena nearly impunctate, with some indistinct punctures. Malar space smooth and shiny with some oblique medium sized punctures. Pronotum with dense flat bottomed punctures, but interspaces equal to or wider than punctures diameter, some punctures forming series. Mesoscutum dull and punctured on lateral thirds only, punctures very shallow and almost indistinct. Scutellum with shallow oblique punctures, interspaces equal to punctures diameter. Metanotum nearly impunctate, some very fine punctures barely visible. Mesepisternum punctured like pronotum laterally, sparsely punctured on antero-ventral side. Dorsal plate of metaepisternum with striae and some medium sized punctures; ventral plate of metaepisternum nearly impunctate, some very fine punctures barely visible. Propodeum densely and finely transversely striated, striae stronger on dorsal face and on transiction between posterior and lateral face, barely visible on antero-lateral margins. T1–T6 and S2–S6 very densely micropunctate and without distinct larger punctures; S1 with fine and dense transverse striae. Head, pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum with dense golden tomentum; propodeum and lateral side of mesosoma with dense silvery tomentum. Frons with long golden bristles; gena, pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and metaepisternum with short golden bristles, those on mesoscutum bent toward median line; metanotum and mesepisternum with long silvery bristles apically bent at right angle; propodeum with some sparse silvery setae, becoming longer toward apex. All terga with very dense reddish-golden tomentum; all sterna with tomentum similar to terga, but yellowish-silver; some short silvery setae on whole S2 and at apex of T3–T6 and S3–S6.</p><p>Color. Red; following parts yellow: U-shaped marking on clypeus, inner eye margin up to ocular sinus, oblique line between eye and posterior ocellus, posterior eye margin from gena to vertex, squarish spot at base of mandible, band along pronotal carina, posterior margin of pronotum, broad longitudinal bands on mesoscutum merging behind, margins of scutellum, metanotum except posterior margin, posterior face of propodeum except median fusiform band, triangular spot on lateral face of propodeum, median margin of propleura, band on posterior and dorsal margin of mesepisternum, dorsal spot on upper plate of metaepisternum, postero-dorsal margin of ventral plate of metaepisternum, margins of T1–T5, small lateral spot on T1, whole S1, sinous apical bands on S2–S5, anterior face of fore coxa, lateral lines on mid and hind coxae, apical spot on fore and mid femora; following parts black: trapezoidal spot on vertex and frons including ocellar triangle, anterior vertical face of pronotum, indistinct markings on mesoscutum, median line and angles of propodeum, propleura, ventral part of mesepisternum, mesepimeron except anterior margin, ventral margin of ventral plate of metaepisternum, basal triangular marking on T1, basal band on T2–T6, basal margin of S2, basal band on S3–S6, posterior face of fore coxa, ventral face of all femora; antennae darker dorsally. Wings brownish hyaline; venations brown-reddish.</p><p>MALE. Body length 12 mm; fore wing length 13 mm.</p><p>Like female, except head about 1.25× as wide as high in frontal view; eye swollen, ventral lobe greatly larger than dorsal lobe; clypeus in frontal view as wide as high, truncated apically, with a translucent ventral margin in the middle (Fig. 59), weakly convex basally, then flattened to the apex; scape shorter and more bulging, about 2.6× as long as wide; flagellum longer, F1 longer than length of F2–F3 combined; F2–F10 longer than wide; F11 not dissimilar to last flagellomere of female, slightly longer and weakly concave below, 1.75× as long as basally wide (Fig. 60); temples in dorsal view strongly convergent behind; apical margin of S7 with a semicircular area obliquely cut off, semicircular area margined by short thick bristles (Fig. 61).</p><p>Coloration as in the female, but with following differences: mandible, clypeus and frons up to ocular sinus entirely yellow, antero-ventral face of mesepisternum entirely yellow, all terga and sterna with apical yellow band, posterior margin of S7 with semicircular yellow marking; longitudinal bands on mesoscutum absent; other yellow markings reduced but still clearly visible and well defined.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin tenuis (= faint) and punctatus (= punctate), in reference to the faint punctation of this species.</p><p>Distribution. Philippine Islands: Luzon, Samar.</p><p>Remarks. The coloration of the specimens from Samar is remarkably constant, with only some variations in the extent of yellow on mesoscutum, propodeum, and T1. The two specimens from Luzon instead show dark coloration (Fig. 62), with yellow markings confined to extremely narrow lines on the inner eye margin, anterior and posterior margin of pronotum, T1–T4, S2–S4, and, in one specimen, on the anterior margin of the metanotum. Due to the great differences in coloration, the different provenance, and some morphological differences, these two specimens are not included in the typical series, as the absence of males from Luzon doesn’t allow me to clarify if they represent a simple local form or a distinct species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFC5C41FFF50FECD10D98D65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFC2C41FFF50FA2111268FE8.text	03BC87A3FFC2C41FFF50FA2111268FE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) williamsi Petersen 1990	<div><p>Polistes (Polistella) williamsi Petersen, 1990</p><p>(Figs. 63–66)</p><p>Polistes williamsi Petersen 1990: 54 (key), 58, figs. 2, 6, 14, ♂, ♀ —“ Philippines, Palawan: Mantalingajan Mts., Pinigisan” (holotype ZMUC).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species and P. flavitarsis are the only species in the Philippine Islands with the posterior ocelli close to each other, the jugal lobe reduced, and T1 basally angled. They can be recognized by the characters listed above for P. flavitarsis .</p><p>Material examined. PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Isabela, Dindin, VIII.2014, 1 ♂ 1♀ (MSVI); Katapan, 18.X.2017, leg. I. Lumawig, 1♀ (OPSC) ; Quirino, Madela, VI.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; MINDANAO: Agusan, Esperanza, I.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; Davao, Mati, XII.2016, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; MINDORO: Mt. Halcon, X.2013, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; NEGROS: Dumaguete, VI.2014, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; PALAWAN: Brooke’s Point, V.2015, 1 ♀ (MSVI) ; SAMAR: Hinabangan, VIII.2014, 1 ♂ (MSVI) ; Lope de Vega, IX.2016, 1 ♂ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Philippine Islands: Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Polillo, Samar, Sibuyan (Carpenter 1996b; Petersen 1990; Selis 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFC2C41FFF50FA2111268FE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
03BC87A3FFC0C41DFF50FF7217BD8E7E.text	03BC87A3FFC0C41DFF50FF7217BD8E7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes Latreille 1802	<div><p>Key to the Polistes species occurring in the Philippine Islands</p><p>The characters used are applicable to both sexes unless the sex is specified.</p><p>1. Clypeus latero-dorsally not or scarcely extending beyond the anterior tentorial pits. Pronotal fovea present. Mesepisternum with dorsal mesepisternal groove...................................................... 2 (Subgenus Gyrostoma)</p><p>- Clypeus latero-dorsally extending far above the anterior tentorial pits. Pronotal fovea absent. Mesepisternum without dorsal mesepisternal groove and epicnemial carina............................................... 3 (Subgenus Polistella)</p><p>2. Male clypeus apically rounded to truncate, with flattened disc (Fig. 3). Male mandible simple. Male gena as broad as eye at ocular sinus (Fig. 4). Last flagellomere of male curved and tapering only at apex (Fig. 5). Pronotal carina of female not lamellate. Posterior depression of female propodeum broad and shallow (Fig. 6). T1 broader than long and strongly curved dorsally. Body entirely black, wings orange (Figs. 1–2), male face extensively yellow (Fig. 3)....... P. (G.) nigrosericans Bequaert</p><p>- Male clypeus apically with a sharp median toot and medially depressed (Fig 8). Male mandible bulging basally. Male gena 1.5× as broad as eye at ocular sinus (Fig. 9). Last flagellomere of male straight and tapering from base to apex (Fig. 10). Pronotal carina of female elevated and shortly lamellate. Posterior depression of female propodeum narrower and deeper (Fig. 11). T1 longer than broad and weakly curved dorsally. Body black with orange band on metasomal segments (Fig. 7), male coloration of face not known in Philippine forms........................................ P. (G.) tenebricosus Lepeletier</p><p>3. Small-sized wasp. Marginal cell of fore wing with dark spot (Fig. 46)........................ P. (P.) stigma (Fabricius)</p><p>- Medium-sized to large-sized wasps. Marginal cell of fore wing without dark spot.................................. 4</p><p>4. Pronotum with striations (Figs. 42, 52).................................................................... 5</p><p>- Pronotum punctate, not striate.......................................................................... 6</p><p>5. Pronotal striation strong and regular. Border between dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum angled (Fig. 51). Male S7 with a median tubercle (Fig. 53).................................................... P. (P.) strigosus mimus Bequaert</p><p>- Pronotal striation irregular, spaces between striae punctate. Dorsal face of pronotum smoothly curved down to the lateral face (Fig. 42). Male S7 without tubercle................................................. P. (P.) sagittarius Saussure</p><p>6. Mesosoma sparsely punctate, punctures not touching each other. Female metasomal sterna without longitudinal ridges.... 7</p><p>- Mesosoma coarsely and densely punctate, interspaces almost forming reticulation. Female metasomal sterna with longitudinal ridges (Figs. 17, 37).................................................................................. 9</p><p>7. Distance between posterior ocelli greater than ocellus diameter. Jugal lobe not reduced. T1 as long as its apical width in dorsal view. S2 of female more strongly convex in lateral view (Fig. 58). Male antenna not elongate, similar to female antenna and with median flagellomeres broadened (Fig. 60). S7 of male with obliquely cut off semicircular area margined with black thick bristles (Fig. 61). Body light red with extensive yellow markings and some reduced black areas..................................................................................................... P. (P.) tenuipunctatus sp. nov.</p><p>- Distance between posterior ocelli smaller than ocellus diameter. Jugal lobe reduced. T1 longer than its apical width in dorsal view. S2 of female weakly convex in lateral view (Fig. 27). Male antenna elongate and without broadened segments (Figs. 30, 66). S7 without obliquely cut off area (Fig. 31). Body reddish-brown with narrow pale markings...................... 8</p><p>8. Mesoscutum with two longitudinal yellow lines. Tarsi brown (Fig. 65). Wings hyaline-brownish. T 1 in dorsal view 1.1× as long as wide. Male F2–F10 less than twice as long as wide (Fig. 66)......................... P. (P.) williamsi Petersen</p><p>- Mesoscutum without yellow markings. Tarsi bright yellow (Fig. 28). Wings strongly fuscous. T 1 in dorsal view 1.3× as long as wide. Male F2–F10 more than twice as long as wide (Fig. 30).............................. P. (P.) flavitarsis sp. nov.</p><p>9. Mesosoma with smaller punctures, interspaces not forming reticulation; ventral plate of metapleura largely smooth. Male clypeus with not very deep punctures in basal half (Fig. 18). S 2 in lateral view more convex (Fig. 16). Male S7 depressed, without furrow (Fig. 20). Male F 11 in lateral view with margins convergent from base to apex (Fig. 19). Body black with bright red and yellow markings on whole body.......................................... P. (P.) esperanzae sp. nov.</p><p>- Mesosoma with dense and coarse punctures, interspaces forming reticulation; ventral plate of metapleura densely punctured, interspaces shorter than punctures diameter and reduced to striae on anterior margin. Male clypeus with deep punctures in basal half and some shallower ones in apical half (Fig. 38). S 2 in lateral view less convex (Fig. 36). Male S7 with longitudinal median furrow (Fig. 40). Male F 11 in lateral view with margins parallel in basal two thirds, convergent in apical third (Fig. 3 9). Body black with dark-red blotches on head and mesosoma, metasoma with one to five terga with apical yellow-orange band.......................................................................... P. (P.) philippinensis de Saussure</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87A3FFC0C41DFF50FF7217BD8E7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2018): Revision of the genus Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in the Philippine Islands. Zootaxa 4531 (4): 507-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4531.4.3
