identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BF1F75FF88D33BFEFDFD0FFCB5FD6A.text	03BF1F75FF88D33BFEFDFD0FFCB5FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia asiatica (A. Crespo & Divakar) A. Crespo & Divakar	<div><p>Parmelia asiatica A. Crespo &amp; Divakar, in Lumbsch et al., Phytotaxa 18: 94 (2011). Fig. 1</p><p>Type:— CHINA. YUNNAN: Jianchuan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.833336/lat 26.366667)">Shi Bao Shan Park</a>, 75 km S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.833336/lat 26.366667)">Lijiang</a>, 26º 22’N, 99º 50’E, 2490 m, on Rhododendron tree trunk, Crespo et al. s.n. (holotype MAF-Lich 16478) .</p><p>Thallus foliose, small, up to 3 cm in diameter, loosely to adnate to the substrate; upper surface grey to whitish grey, in the herbarium developing a yellowish tinge, shiny, epruinose; lobe apices often brown; lobes narrow, sublinear, deeply indented, not overlapping, 0.5–3 mm wide and with acute apices (Fig. 1A &amp; B); pseudocyphellae mostly marginal, with a few laminal sometimes connected to those marginal, white, linear to irregular; soredia whitish to brownish with age, granular, in terminal (young lobes, Fig. 1C) or marginal (older lobes) soralia, very rarely soralia partly laminal (Fig. 1D); lower surface black to brown at the lobe margins; rhizines abundant, black, simple to squarrose, 0.25–1.5 mm long (shorter on the margins and longer in central part of thalli); apothecia not observed. For the description, see also Lumbsch et al. (2011) and Lishtva et al. (2013).</p><p>Chemistry: atranorin, salazinic and consalazinic acids.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: The records of P. asiatica presented here are the first from North America. The species has been found on the bark of trees in mountain areas of Canada (British Columbia) and the USA (Washington State and Alaska). The new records and previous citations suggest that P. asiatica prefers mountain areas. A map of known localities of P. asiatica is presented in Fig. 2.</p><p>Notes: The diagnostic features of P. asiatica are mostly marginal pseudocyphallae, simple to squarrose rhizines, an in particular the development of terminal to marginal soralia, which are not observed in any other species of the genus (Lishtva et al. 2013; Lumbsch et al. 2011). The marginal soralia were not observed in the type specimen, the only collection in existence when the species was described (Lumbsch et al. 2011), but later they were found after examining additional collections from Russia (Lishtva et al. 2013).</p><p>The species is morphologically and chemically very similar to the cosmopolitan P. sulcata, European P. encryptata and P. hygrophiloides Divakar, Upreti &amp; Elix known from the Indian subcontinent, but these species have laminal soralia and pseudocyphellae (Table 1) and lobes that are broader than in P. asiatica (Hale 1987; Divakar et al. 2003; Molina et al. 2011a; Lumbsch et al. 2011; Ossowska et al. 2021; Table 1). Parmelia sulymae Goward, Divakar, M.C. Molina &amp; A. Crespo, a species described from North America, has sublinear, narrow lobes like P. asiatica (Molina et al. 2017); however, this species differs in having bifurcate rhizines, and only marginal soralia (Table 1). Additionally, P. sulymae produces soredia, which are more compact and are called sorsidia (Molina et al. 2017).</p><p>Parmelia asiatica produces atranorin with salazinic and consalazinic acids, which makes the species similar to three other species, P. fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl., P. hygrophila Goward &amp; Ahti and P. submontana Nádv. ex Hale (Table 1). These taxa differ, however, in the production of soredia resembling isidia (Goward &amp; Ahti 1983; Hale 1987).</p><p>According to Lumbsch et al. (2011) and Lishtva et al. (2013) P. asiatica can be confused with P. protosulcata Hale. Both species have marginal soralia, but only in P. asiatica are the young soralia terminal. They also differ chemically and geographically as P. protosulcata produces protocetraric and lobaric acids and is known from Southern Hemisphere (Hale 1987). Parmelia protosulcata has now been placed in the genus Notoparmelia A. Crespo, Ferencova &amp; Divakar (Ferencova et al. 2014).</p><p>Parmelia taxa that prefer a montane habitat are P. discordans Nyl., P. omphalodes (L.) Ach., and P. pinnatifida Kurok. (Hale 1987; Molina et al. 2004; Thell et al. 2008) or sometimes P. saxatilis (Corsie et al. 2019) . However, they are characterized by the absence of vegetative propagules or the presence of isidia, and the frequent presence of lobaric acid and fatty acids (Ossowska et al. 2019). These compounds, are always absent in P. asiatica .</p><p>The phylogenetic position of P. asiatica within the genus has not yet been supported by molecular data, although Lumbsch et al. (2011) stated that nucITS rDNA sequences of the species show that is not closely related to the morphologically similar P. sulcata . Unfortunately, the North American specimens were too old to be successfully sequenced.</p><p>Material examined. CANADA. British Columbia: Mackenzie river, vicinity of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.5/lat 59.416668)">Norman Wells</a> near mile 580, 65°13’0.00”N, 126°32’52.0”W, corticolous, July 1964, F. West (UBC L-45897); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.5/lat 59.416668)">Bell-Irving river</a>, 6 km NE of summit, 56°16’N, 129°09’W, humid, shrubby, old growth forest opening, corticolous, 8 July 1995, T. Goward 95–543 &amp; D. Miege (UBC L-32101); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.5/lat 59.416668)">Bear Flat</a>, road 29, corticolous, 1 August 1977, G. F. Otto 6255 (UBC L-13883); E shore of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.5/lat 59.416668)">Atlin lake</a>, 4 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.5/lat 59.416668)">O’Donnel river</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.5/lat 59.416668)">Warm Bay</a> road, 59°25’N, 133°30’W, open Abies forest, corticolous, 9 July 1982, T. Goward 82–548 &amp; A. O. Ceska (UBC L-22306); Clayoguot Sound, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-133.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=59.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -133.5/lat 59.416668)">Sloman Island</a>, corticolous, 28 November 1993, K. Wulff (UBC L-35258) . USA. Washington: Clallam county, Olympic National Park above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-123.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -123.416664/lat 48.05)">Heart O’</a> the hills, 48°03’N, 123°25’W, corticolous, 31 March 1992, S. D. Sharnoff 858.03 &amp; S. Sharnoff (CANL 116902) ; Alaska, Nagai Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-156.76584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=57.54361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -156.76584/lat 57.54361)">Shumagin Island</a>, 55°08’02.0”N, 159°51’43.7”W, corticolous, 31 July 2006, S. S. Talbot NAG1-30 (UBC L-40695); Ugashik Narrows, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-156.76584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=57.54361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -156.76584/lat 57.54361)">Mountain 1727</a>, 57°33’19”N, 156°46’48”W, corticolous, 11 July 1998, S. S. Talbot 98-5- 36, W. B. Schofield &amp; S. L. Talbot (UBC L-39356); 57°32’37”N, 156°45’57”W, corticolous, 16 July 1998, S. S. Talbot 98-22-31A, W. B. Schofield &amp; S. L. Talbot (UBC L-39401) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF1F75FF88D33BFEFDFD0FFCB5FD6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ossowska, Emilia Anna	Ossowska, Emilia Anna (2023): Notes on sorediate Parmelia species in North America with the first records of P. asiatica and P. barrenoae. Phytotaxa 619 (2): 152-160, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.619.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.619.2.3
03BF1F75FF8ED338FEFDFCD9FA28FD9E.text	03BF1F75FF8ED338FEFDFCD9FA28FD9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M. C. Molina & A. Crespo, Lichenologist	<div><p>Parmelia barrenoae Divakar, M.C. Molina &amp; A. Crespo, Lichenologist 37(1): 43 (2005). Fig. 3</p><p>Type:— SPAIN. ÁVILA: Sierra de Gredos, Navalpera de Tormes, Cruz del Gallo, 1300 m, on Quercus pyrenaica, 6 Sept. 2003, A. Crespo (holotype MAF 9906; isotypes BM, GZU, UPS) .</p><p>Lobes short and broad, overlapping, 2–7 mm wide; rhizines simple to furcate; soralia laminal, rapidly releasing soredia, leaving the exposed, light medulla. Atranorin, salazinic and consalazinic acids always present (Divakar et al. 2005; Hodkinson et al. 2010). In addition to the mostly laminal soralia, it also differs from P. asiatica and P. sulcata, in its simple to furcate rhizines (Table 1). The species seems to be common in the western USA (Hodkinson et al. 2010), but it had not been previously reported in the central states (South Dakota and Illinois), nor from Canada.</p><p>Material examined. CANADA. Ontario: Ottawa (metro), 28 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=45.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.71667/lat 45.35)">Benson Street</a>, 45°21’N, 75°43’W, garden in back, on rotting picnic table, on picnic bench, 15 June 2005, I. M. Brodo 31715B (CANL 120652). USA. South Dakota: Custer County: Cicero Peak (6.5 miles south of Custer), on south side of peak, saxicolous, 7 July 1960, C. M. Wetmore 6991 (MSC 23989); Pennington County, valley on south side near top of Harney Peak, 7 miles northeast of Custer, corticolous, 10 July 1960, C. M. Wetmore 7278 (MSC 23944); Illinois: Lake County, north of Highway 20, red rocks area, above Grizzly Canyon near radio facility, about 34 miles west-southwest of the town of Williams, on twigs and branches of Quercus, 29 July 2011, C. R. Björk 23702 (UBC-L 52130); Washington: Spokane, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.28333/lat 47.65)">Dishman Hills county</a> park, on ridge near the southern tip of the park, 47°39’N, 117°17’W, branches Populus tremuloides near sylvan pool in open, dry conifer forest on rocky ridge, 07 April 2011, C. R. Björk 22305 (UBC L-47428); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=47.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.5/lat 47.7)">Riverside State Park</a>, edge of the Channeled Scablands, slopes above the “Bowl &amp; Pitcher”, along trail below the parking lot of the main overlook, 47°42’N, 117°30’W, twigs of Amelanchier at top of basalt cliff, 03 Apr. 2011, C. R. Björk 22206 (UBC L-47419) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF1F75FF8ED338FEFDFCD9FA28FD9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ossowska, Emilia Anna	Ossowska, Emilia Anna (2023): Notes on sorediate Parmelia species in North America with the first records of P. asiatica and P. barrenoae. Phytotaxa 619 (2): 152-160, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.619.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.619.2.3
