identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BF1009420DFF9E8BB28E7849A8CC47.text	03BF1009420DFF9E8BB28E7849A8CC47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracerella americana Imadate 1980	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracerella americana Imadaté, 1980 . </p>
            <p>Figs. 1–10, Table 1</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype male (slide no. EMEC 78678), redwood forest, Memorial Park, 37°15'N 122°17'E, San Mateo County, California, 12. VII. 1958, coll. D. W. Price. One male from type series (slide no. EMEC 78680), same data as holotype; 7 females and 2 males (9 slides nos EMEC 78681 to EMEC 78689), 5 miles. N. La Honda, 37°22'N 122°16'E, San Mateo County, California, 1. XII. 1957, coll. D. W. Price; one female (slide no. EMEC 78690), oak litter, San Andreas Lake, 37°35'N 122°25'E, San Mateo County, California, 13. I. 1957, coll. D. W. Price; 3 females, 1 male, 1 maturus junior (5 slides nos. EMEC 78691–78695), same data as previous female, 9. III. 1958, coll. D. W. Price, 2 females (2 slides nos. EMEC 78696, EMEC 78697), 3miles N. Sharp Park, 37°40'N 122°29'E, chaparral, San Mateo County, California, 16. XII. 1957, coll. D. W. Price.</p>
            <p>Redescription. Head with short setae, setae l3, sd4 and sd 5 setiform, subequal in length (about 4 μm), additional setae d6 absent (Fig. 1). Pseudoculus round, with short posterior extension; PR = 16–18. Canal of maxillary gland with large racemose calyx; posterior filament short, with granulated appendix close to calyx and simple posterior dilation; CF = 4.8–5.2. Maxillary palp setae lanceolate, sensilla similar in length and shape (Fig. 2). Labial palps with broad sensillum (Fig. 2). Granulation on inner margin of labium distinct.</p>
            <p>On foretarsus, sensillum t1 filiform, t3 small and leaf-like; d, f and c' very long, nearly setiform. Other sensilla parallel-sided. Sensilla b and c almost equal in length, passing base of seta γ 3, b thick, c slender, g short and slender, a’ slightly thicker than other sensilla. Sensillum d situated slightly closer to base of e than to c; base of a' on level of t2 insertion. Length formula of sensilla: t3 &lt;g &lt;e &lt;t1 &lt;(b = c) &lt;a' &lt;t2 &lt;a &lt;c' &lt;f &lt;d. Setae β 1 and δ 4 setiform, subequal in length (6 μm), shorter than other δ-setae (Fig. 3). Claw short, without inner tooth, empodial appendage short. BS = 0.6–0.8, TR = 2.4–2.6, EU = 0.14–0.15. Single pores near bases of sensilla c and t3.</p>
            <p>Chaetotaxy formula given in Table 1. Setae on nota differing in length (Fig. 4). Pronotal seta 1 twice the length of seta 2. Setae P1a and P2a on meso- and metanota short, setiform, subequal in length (Fig. 5); P2a situated close to P3. Length ratio of mesonotal setae P1: P1a: P2 as 5:1:7. Mesonotum with sl and al pores and metanotum with sl pore only. Prosternum without pores, meso- and metasterna with one central pore. Seta A2 on thoracic sterna and A5 on tergite I short, setiform.</p>
            <p>All accessory setae on tergites I–VI short, setiform, those on tergite VII longer, 7 and 10 μm, respectively. Tergites II–VI with transverse line and tergite VII with two lines in anterior region (Fig. 6). Pores psm present on tergites I–VII anterior to P1a, al on tergites II–VII, psl absent.</p>
            <p>Abdominal legs with 4, 2, 2 setae. Subapical seta on second and third pairs of abdominal legs longer than apical seta, 16 and 11 μm, respectively. Accessory setae on sternites I–VII slightly longer than those on tergites (Fig. 7). Sternites I–II without pores. Sternites III–VII with single medial pore, anterior to P1 setae (Fig. 6). Sternites II and III with several short, toothed lines on lateroanterior parts, sternites IV–VII with two transverse lines in anterior region.</p>
            <p>Abdominal segment VIII with a distinct striate band; tergite with two anterior, irregular, transverse rows of small teeth. Pore psm with several accompanying teeth. Posterior margin of sternite VIII and laterotergites smooth. Comb VIII with 6–7 irregular teeth and with concave hind margin (Fig. 8). Seta 1a on tergite IX same length and shape as seta 1. Seta 2a on tergites IX and X shorter than other setae. Tergites and sternites IX–XII smooth. Dorsal lobe of tergite XII with median pore on serrate line, ventral lobe with 1+1 anterolateral pores.</p>
            <p>Female squama genitalis short, with short, blunt, trilobed acrostyli (Fig. 9). Male squama genitalis with 7+7 setae, additional seta absent (Fig. 10).</p>
            <p>Measurements (17 adults) (in μm): total length 900–990, head 105–110, pseudoculus 6–7, posterior part of maxillary gland 21–22, posterior cephalic setae: seta d7 7–9, seta sd 7 11–13, seta l5 5–6, pronotal seta 1 20–23, pronotal seta 2 10–13; mesonotal seta P 1 18–23, mesonotal seta P1a 4–5, mesonotal seta P 2 28–31, foretarsus 66–72, claw 27–28, empodial appendage 4.</p>
            <p> Remarks. In this redescription new morphological characters are added, such as chaetotaxy of head; length of seta on head, nota and foretarsus; porotaxy and lineation of tergites and sternites; shape of maxillary palp sensilla, comb and male squama genitalis. According to Imadaté (1980), in  P. americana the shape of the accessory setae on the tergites is sensilliform and acrostyli are pointed. However, reexamination of the type material indicates that shape of accessory setae on the tergites is setiform, and acrostyli are not pointed, but trilobed.  Paracerella americana is similar to P. s h i r a t k i in the pattern of foretarsal sensilla, but it differs from the latter species by the presence of 8 and 6 pairs of anterior setae on tergites VII and VIII, respectively (6 and 4 pairs of A -setae in  P. shiratki ), absence of seta P1a on tergite VII and by the shape of the comb. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF1009420DFF9E8BB28E7849A8CC47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shrubovych, Julia;Smykla, Jerzy	Shrubovych, Julia, Smykla, Jerzy (2012): Review of Paracerella Imadaté (Protura: Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae) with identification key and description of a new species. Zootaxa 3509: 69-76, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213873
03BF1009420FFF988BB28BBA4B6FCFB3.text	03BF1009420FFF988BB28BBA4B6FCFB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracerella monterey Shrubovych	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paracerella monterey Shrubovych sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs. 11–31, Table 2</p>
            <p> Material examined. Holotype female (slide no. EMEC 78698), Crest Road, Pebble Beach, 36°33'N 121°52'E,  Monterey County, California, 19. IX. 1959, coll. L.M. Smith. Paratype male (slide no. EMEC 78698), same data as holotype. </p>
            <p>Description. Head with all setae setiform, setae l3, sd4 and sd 5 short, subequal in length, about 6 μm. Additional setae d6 absent (Fig. 11). Pseudoculus slightly broadened, with short posterior extension, PR = 18 (Fig. 12). Maxillary gland with broad, distinctly granulated calyx, short posterior filament and simple posterior dilation, CF = 5.8–6.1 (Fig. 13). Maxillary palps with lanceolate, subequal sensilla, labial palps well developed with broad basal sensillum (Figs. 14, 15). Granulation on inner margin of labium distinct.</p>
            <p>Foretarsus (Figs. 17, 18) with sensillum t1 filiform, t3 small and leaf-like; d, f and c' long, nearly setiform. Other sensilla parallel-sided. Sensilla b and c almost equal in length, slightly surpassing base of seta γ 3, b thick, c slender, g short and broadened, a’ slender. Sensillum d located slightly closer to base of e than to c; base of a' on level of t2 insertion. Length formula of sensilla: t3 &lt;(b = c) &lt;g &lt;t1 &lt;e &lt;a' &lt;(a = t2) &lt;d &lt;c' &lt;f. Setae β 1 and δ 4 setiform, longer than the other δ-setae, β 1 shorter than δ 4, 8 and 11 μm, respectively (Fig. 18). Claw short, without inner tooth, empodial appendage short. BS = 0.6–0.8, TR = 2.4–2.6, EU = 0.14–0.15. Single pores near bases of sensilla c and t3.</p>
            <p>Chaetotaxy formula given in Table 2. Setae on nota differing in length (Fig. 20). Pronotal seta 1 about twice length of seta 2. Setae P1a and P2a short, setiform (Fig. 21); seta P1a twice the length of P2a, 8 and 4 μm, respectively. Length ratio of mesonotal setae P1: P1a: P2 as 2:1:3. Mesonotum with sl and al pores and metanotum with sl pore only. Prosternum without pores, meso- and metasterna with one central pore (Fig. 22). Seta A2 on thoracic sterna and A5 on tergite I short, setiform (Fig. 23).</p>
            <p>Accessory setae on tergites I–VI short, setiform, those on tergite VII longer, 6 and 8 μm, respectively. Tergites I–VI with a transverse line and tergite VII with two lines in anterior region (Fig. 24). Pores psm present on tergites I–VII anterior to P1a, al on tergites II–VII, psl absent (Figs. 24, 29).</p>
            <p>Abdominal legs with 4, 2, 2 setae. Subapical seta (22 μm length) on second and third pairs of abdominal legs slightly longer than the apical seta, 18 μm length (Fig. 27). Accessory setae on sternites I–VII slightly longer (8–10 μm) than those of tergites I–VII (Fig. 7). Sternites I–II without pores (Fig. 26). Sternites III–VII with single medial pore; sternites IV–V with posterior granulated areas (Figs. 27, 28). Sternites II–V with several short toothed lines in lateroanterior regions (Figs. 27, 28), sternite VI with a transverse line and sternite VII with two transverse lines in anterior region (Fig. 29).</p>
            <p>Abdominal segment VIII with distinct striate band; tergite and sternite with two anterior, irregular, transverse rows of small teeth (Fig. 25). Pore psm with several accompanying teeth. Posterior margin of sternite VIII and laterotergites smooth. Comb VIII with 8–9 regular teeth and with straight hind margin (Fig. 16). Seta 1a on tergite IX the same length and shape as seta 1. Seta 2a on tergites IX and X shorter than the other setae. Tergites VIII–XII and sternites IX, XI and XII smooth. Hind margin of sternite X with distinct teeth (Fig. 31). Dorsal lobe of tergite XII with a median pore on serrate line, ventral lobe with 1+1 anterolateral pores.</p>
            <p>Male squama genitalis with 7+7 setae (see Fig. 10). Female squama genitalis short, with stumpy bilobed acrostyli (Fig. 19).</p>
            <p>Measurements (2 adults) (in μm): body length 880–960, head 110, pseudoculus 6, posterior part of maxillary gland 18–19, posterior cephalic setae: seta d7 11, seta sd 7 13–14, seta l5 6–7, pronotal seta 1 20–21, seta 2 10–11, mesonotal seta P 1 15–17, seta P1a 8, seta P2 23, foretarsus 68–70, claw 27–28, empodial appendage 4.</p>
            <p>Chaetal variability not observed.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name is derived from  Monterey County, where the holotype was collected. Remarks. In chaetotaxy  P. monterey sp. nov. is very similar to  P. americana . Both these species are characterized by the absence of additional cephalic setae, by setiform shape and short length of head setae l3, sd4 and sd 5. The new species differs from  P. americana in the absence of seta P1a on tergites I–VI, presence of 2 posterior setae on sternite I (4 P -setae present in  P. americana ) and in shape of the comb. Foretarsal setae β 1 and δ 4 are longer than other δ-setae in  P. monterey sp. nov. and seta δ 4 is longer than β 1 (11 and 8 μm, respectively), whereas β 1 and δ 4 are shorter than the other δ-setae and foretarsal setae β 1 and δ 4 are of similar length in  P. americana . The lengths of notal setae are similar in both species with the exception of seta P1a, which in P. m o n t e re y sp. nov. is twice as long as P2a.  Paracerella monterey sp. nov. is also characterized by peculiar lineation in anterior parts and presence of granulated areas posteriorly on sternites IV–V. These characters seem to be stable on species level. Porotaxy, maxillary sensillum shape and appearance of male and female squama genitalis are identical in both species. </p>
            <p> Discussion. All species of  Paracerella are characterized by a maxillary gland with a racemose appendage on the distal part close to the calyx, similar foretarsal length and similar pattern of foretarsal sensilla. Sensillum a reaches to the base of sensillum t2, b is equal in length with c, b is broad, sensilla d, f and c' are very long and narrowed distally; the base of sensillum d is slightly closer to e than to c, and the base of a' is level with t2. The three  Paracerella species clearly differ in chaetotaxic characters (see the key) and in some other morphological characters. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF1009420FFF988BB28BBA4B6FCFB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shrubovych, Julia;Smykla, Jerzy	Shrubovych, Julia, Smykla, Jerzy (2012): Review of Paracerella Imadaté (Protura: Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae) with identification key and description of a new species. Zootaxa 3509: 69-76, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213873
03BF1009420AFF9A8BB2883D4FE2C8F7.text	03BF1009420AFF9A8BB2883D4FE2C8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracerella	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to  Paracerella species </p>
            <p>1. Tergites I–VI with seta P1a, sternite I with 4 posterior setae.................................................... 2</p>
            <p> – Tergites I–VI without seta P1a, sternite I with 2 posterior setae..............................................................................................  P. monterey Shrubovych sp. nov. (  Monterey County, California, USA) </p>
            <p> 2. Tergite VII with 8 A -setae and without seta P1a, tergite VIII with 6 A -setae.........................................................................................  P. americana Imadaté, 1980 (San Mateo County, California, USA) </p>
            <p>– Tergite VII with 6 A -setae and with P1a seta, tergite VIII with 4 A -setae...... P. s h i r a t k i (Imadaté, 1964) (Hokkaido, Japan).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF1009420AFF9A8BB2883D4FE2C8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shrubovych, Julia;Smykla, Jerzy	Shrubovych, Julia, Smykla, Jerzy (2012): Review of Paracerella Imadaté (Protura: Acerentomidae, Nipponentominae) with identification key and description of a new species. Zootaxa 3509: 69-76, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213873
