taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BF87F4FFAC2548FE9EFE2904A0FD6E.taxon	materials_examined	Type species Orthocladius (Mesorthocladius) frigidus Kieffer.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FFAC2548FE9EFE2904A0FD6E.taxon	etymology	Etymology From Greek, mesos, middle, and Orthocladius, a genus of Orthocladiinae, referring to the phylogenetic position of the subgenus. Diagnostic characters The male imagines are separable from those of other subgenera by a combination of characters: collar­like superior volsella; inferior volsella with ventral part not extended below dorsal part; anal point robust with rounded apex or broadly triangular (O. nimidens); eyes extended dorsomedially, male­like or when female­like (O. rousellae) scutellars multiserial, antepronotals numerous (9 – 27) and crista dorsalis prominent; scutellars usually multiserial, when uniserial to biserial eyes not female­like and anal point broadly triangular or anal lobe strongly projecting and sensilla chaetica present on both mid and hind leg; anal lobe of wing usually strongly projecting. Tergite IX of female divided, seminal capsule pear­shaped with apical wart or rugulosity, or small, rounded and bare; when small rounded and bare, margins of tergite IX relatively poorly delimited; spermathecal ducts meandering or with one or more loops. Pupae (except O. lamellatus) with thoracic horn stalked, long, filamentous and smooth or robust with tapered apex and covered with points; when spinous anal lobe with fine sclerotised lateral threads and frontal warts strong and some dorsocentrals spine­like. Orthocladius lamellatus differs from species of the nominal subgenus except O. (O.) chuzesextus Sasa by having pedes spurii B absent on segments II and III, no apical or lateral spines on anal lobe, and median point band on tergites III and IV fused with posterior band. From O. (O.) chuzesextus it differs by its larger size (total length 4.1 – 5.4 mm, anal macrosetae 225 – 278 µm long versus 3.0 – 3.6 mm, anal macrosetae 184 – 223 µm long). The larva differs from that of other species of the genus by lacking seta interna of the mandible or when seta interna present, the mentum has 15 or 17 teeth and the premandible is bifid; labral lamellae sometimes present; premandible often bifid. Imago Moderately large species, wing length 1.7 – 3.4 mm. Thorax with brown to blackish brown vittae and other markings and with the ground colour varying from pale to nearly as dark as markings. Eye bare, reniform, with small or no dorsomedian elongation, occasionally femalelike. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres in male, 5 in female; male antenna fully plumed; groove beginning on flagellomere 4 or 5; sensilla chaetica present on flagellomere 2, 3 and 13; apex without straight apical seta in male, with in female; AR 1.0 – 2.1. Palpomeres long, normal; palpomere 3 with 2 – 3 short lanceolate sensilla clavata. Temporals numerous. Tentorium and stipes normally developed. Cibarial pump with anterior margin deeply concave, cornua moderately to strongly developed. Clypeus with several setae. Antepronotal lobes with several to numerous lateral antepronotals. Acrostichals starting close to antepronotum, dorsocentrals uniserial to occasionally biserial, few to many prealars, supraalars absent or occasionally present. Scutellum with setae usually transversely bi­ multiserial, occasionally uniserial. Wing membrane with fine punctation; anal lobe well developed, moderately to strongly projecting; costa not to clearly extended; R 2 + 3 running in the middle between R 1 and R 4 + 5; R 4 + 5 and costa ending distal to end of M 3 + 4; VR 1.00 – 1.12; Cu 1 straight to slightly curved, occasionally slightly sinuous apically; postcubitus ending far distal to cubital fork, anal vein ending distal to cubital fork. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with a few setae; R 1 occasionally with 1 seta, R 4 + 5 of male bare or occasionally with 1 non­marginal seta, in female R 1 and R 4 + 5 with setae; other veins bare. Squama with 17 – 37 setae. Sensilla campaniformia about 13 – 14 basally on brachiolum, about 8 – 10 apically on brachiolum, three below setae on brachiolum; one present basally on subcosta, and one basally on R 1 or on RM. Front leg ratio 0.62 – 0.72. Tibial spurs and hind tibial comb normal. Tarsal pseudospurs present on ta 1 of mid and hind legs, usually on ta 2 of mid leg and often on ta 2 of hind leg. Pulvilli absent. Sensilla chaetica 0 – 21 on ta 1 of mid leg, 0 – 16 on hind leg in male; 0 – 22 on ta 1 of each middle and hind leg in female. Tergites with scattered setae without a distinct pattern. Sternites with median and lateral setae. Male anal point usually robust, partly parallel­sided with rounded apex and short, stiff lateral setae often directed laterally or even anteriorly; occasionally (O. nimidens) anal point broadly triangular and pointed. None to few setae at base on tergite IX; laterosternite IX with several setae. Sternapodeme slightly curved, oral projections well developed. Phallapodeme hooked apically, aedeagal lobe well developed. Virga present and consisting of several small teeth or of cluster of spines or absent. Gonocoxite well developed; superior volsella collar­like or absent; inferior volsella well developed with weak ventral part not extended below dorsal part. Gonostylus with weak to prominent rounded preapical crista dorsalis, megaseta normal. Female genitalia with evenly curved gonocoxapodemes meeting or indicated anterior of vagina. Gonocoxite well developed, with numerous setae. Tergite IX strongly divided with several setae. Segment X normal. Postgenital plate weak, indistinct, bluntly triangular. Cercus large. Gonapophysis VIII divided into large, brush­like ventrolateral lobe covering part of nearly equally large dorsomesal lobe with or without oral rounded projection. Rami indistinct, barely sclerotised. Apodeme of apodeme lobe distinct. Coxosternapodeme strong laterally, moderately strong to weak and indistinct medially, evenly curved, but sometimes with anterior projection or bend. Seminal capsules small and rounded to pear­shaped, sometimes with apical rugulosity or distinct apical wart; darkly sclerotised for most of their length; with or without neck. Spermathecal ducts slightly meandering, with small loop, or very long with several loops; equally wide throughout; with separate openings. Labia bare. Pupa Moderately large pupae, 4.4 – 6.5 mm long. Exuviae pale greyish brown to pale brown with brown to blackish brown apophyses. Frontal warts prominent, weak or occasionally absent. Frontal setae mostly well developed, Thoracic horn stalked, very long, filamentous, and smooth or robust, tapering and covered with spinules. Three precorneals, 3 – 4 antepronotals, at least one postorbital and 4 dorsocentrals present; dorsocentrals in two pairs or equidistant. Wing sheath smooth without pearls or nose. Tergite I bare or with a few posterior spinules, II with weak median or posteromedian shagreen; tergites III – VI with median portion covered with single mostly subrectangular patch of often coarse spinules; tergites III – V with 4 – 7 rows of anteriorly directed spinules posteriorly on tergites or more usually on conjunctives; tergite VII – IX with weak anterior group shagreen, occasionally with additional median shagreen. Sternites I bare, II – VIII with lateral or anterolateral shagreen; II – III or IV often with additional large patch of spinules. Pedes spurii A on sternites IV – VI or VII. Pedes spurii B well developed, spinulose or granulose or occasionally absent (O. lamellatus), sometimes present also on tergite III. Caudal hooklets on tergite II 40 – 160; in 2 – 6 rows. Segments II – V each with 3 L setae, VI and VII each with 3 – 4, and VIII with 4 – 5 L setae. Anal lobe either large, rounded, without apical spurs, but with minute to very long lateral threads, and apically curved, subequal anal macrosetae; or slightly extended with heavy spines on tips and vestigial macrosetae (O. rousellae). Male genital sac nearly reaching to or slightly overreaching anal lobe. Larva Moderately large larvae, up to 8.6 mm long. Head capsule brown to dark brown. Antenna with 5 segments, antennal ratio 1.7 – 3.0. Ring organ in basal third. Lauterborn organs weak to moderately developed. Labrum with one branch of S I occasionally split into weak branches; two labral lamellae each with 3 – 7 spines sometimes present; about 12 chaetae and 2 – 5 spinulae. Pecten epipharyngis consisting of 3 subequal spine­ to lobe­like teeth. Chaetulae laterales all smooth or one chaetulae laterales slightly serrated. Premandible simple or bifid, brush present and distinct to vestigial or absent. Mandible often without seta interna. Mentum with 13 – 17 teeth, median tooth slightly wider than first lateral tooth to more than four times as wide, ventromental plate occasionally with weak setae underneath on cardo. Pecten galearis apparently absent. Claws of anterior parapods strongly serrated. Body with simple setae, some long and robust. Procercus higher than wide, with 6 – 7 anal setae; supraanal seta about 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 as long as anal setae. Anal tubules shorter than posterior parapods, rounded, subequal or one pair slightly shorter.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FFA92577FE9EFCD901CAFD46.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ɗ reared from larva, USA: Ohio, Delaware Co., Olentangy R., N. of Winter Road, 5 ii emerged 14 iii 1987, M. J. Bolton (ZMBN Type No. 406). Paratypes: USA: Ohio, Franklin Co., Sciota park, spring­stream, mature ɗ pupa reared from larva, mature Ψ pupa reared from larva, 26 iv 1987, M. J. Bolton (ZMBN); Ohio, Franklin Co., springstream tributary to Sciota R., 4 larvae, 1 v 1986, M. J. Bolton (ZMBN); Ohio, Delaware Co., Highbanks Metro Park, small stream, 1 ɗ, mature ɗ pupa reared from larva, 3 larvae, 4 iv 1987, 26 iii 1989. M. J. Bolton (ZMBN). Diagnostic characters The male imago is separable from the other species of the subgenus by having a well developed virga consisting of a cluster of spines combined with uni­biserial scutellars, robust anal point and sensilla chaetica on both mid and hind leg. The pear­shaped seminal capsule with apical rugulosity separates the female from other species. The pupa differs from other members of the subgenus by lacking pedes spurii B, from other members of the genus except O. chuzesextus by having median point band on tergites III and IV fused with posterior band and lacking apical spurs or lateral threads on the anal lobe. From O. chuzesextus it differs only by its larger size (4.1 – 5.4 mm versus 3.0 – 3.6 mm). The larva can be separated from other members of the genus by the presence of labral lamellae combined with a bifid premandible.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FFA92577FE9EFCD901CAFD46.taxon	description	Male imago (n = 2 – 3 except when otherwise stated) Total length 4.49 – 4.57 mm. Wing length 2.24 – 2.41 mm. Total length / wing length 1.90 – 2.00. Wing length / length of profemur 2.60 – 2.76. Coloration dark brown with blackish brown vittae. Head (Fig. 8). AR 1.95 – 2.28. Ultimate flagellomere 775 – 841 µm long. Temporal setae 12 – 15, including 3 – 6 inner verticals, 6 outer verticals, and 3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 10 – 12 setae. Cibarial pump, tentorium and stipes as in Fig. 8. Tentorium 195 – 199 µm long, 56 µm wide. Stipes 165 – 184 µm long, 68 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 41 – 47, 53 – 64, 86 – 109, 75 – 90, 105 – 135. Thorax (Fig. 9, n = 4). Antepronotum with 6 – 8, 7 setae. Dorsocentrals 10 – 14, 12; anterior dorsocentral 15 – 79, 45 µm long, second 26 – 98, 71 µm long, third 86 – 106, 97 µm long; acrostichals 13 – 18 (3); prealars 7 – 9, 8. Scutellum with 13 – 21, 17 setae, uni­biserial. Wing (Fig. 10). Anal lobe moderately produced. VR 1.03 (1). Costal extension 15 – 17 µm long. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 9 – 10 setae, other veins bare. Squama with 25 – 31 setae. Legs. Spur of front tibia 71 – 79 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 30 and 23 – 26 µm long, of hind tibia 75 and 23 – 24 µm long. Width at apex of front and middle tibia each 56 µm, of hind tibia 68 m. Pseudospurs present on ta 1 of mid and hind leg, 23 – 34 µm long; one specimen with additional pseudospur on ta 2 of mid leg. Sensilla chaetica 3 at 0.10 – 0.13 to 0.22 – 0.24 of ta 1 of mid leg, 6 – 8 at 0.10 – 0.16 to 0.25 – 0.33 on ta 1 of hind leg. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Figs. 11, 12). Anal point 86 – 120, 109 µm long including triangular base; robust, tapering with rounded apex; with 10 – 14, 13 setae including on base; laterosternite IX with 10 – 11, 11 setae. Phallapodeme 53 – 86, 74 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 83 – 99, 95 µm long, oral projections moderately to well developed. Gonocoxite 308 – 364, 342 µm long; superior volsella collar­like; inferior volsella with ventral part not extended beyond dorsal part .. Gonostylus 135 – 167, 152 µm long; crista dorsalis apical, rounded; megaseta 10 – 19 µm (3) long. Virga 26 – 36, 32 µm long; consisting of cluster of 7 spines. HR 2.18 – 2.37, 2.26; HV 2.74 – 3.12 (2). Female imago (n = 1 mature pupa) Total length about 4.10 mm. Coloration apparently not as dark as in male. Head. AR 0.75. Flagellomere lengths (in µm): 56, 38, 38, 49, 154. Coronal suture 56 µm long. Temporal setae not measurable. Clypeus with 14 setae. Tentorium 150 µm long, 41 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 38, 45, 70, 86, 90. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 12, acrostichals 11, prealars 6. Scutellum with 13 setae. Wing. Squama with 25 setae. Legs not measurable. Abdomen. Tergite VIII with 32 setae, sternite VIII with 23 setae. Genitalia (Figs. 13 – 17). Tergite IX divided, with 24 setae. Gonocoxite with 19 setae. Cercus 131 µm long. Seminal capsule pear­shaped with apical rugulosity, 84 µm long, 53 µm wide. Spermathecal ducts with one bend and separate openings. Notum 98 µm long. Pupa (n = 3 – 4 except when otherwise stated) Total length 4.16 – 5.39 mm. Exuviae pale greyish brown with brownish apophyses. Cephalothorax. Frontal setae 143 – 150 µm long. Thoracic horn (Fig. 24) 270 – 428, 340 µm long; 41 – 53, 49 µm wide; 4.14 – 8.77, 7.00 times as long as wide; 1.16 – 1, 54, 1.35 times as long as anal macrosetae. Precorneal setae respectively 94 – 128, 105 µm; 150 – 171, 166 µm; and 68 – 101, 91 µm long. Anterior dorsocentral (Dc 1) 79 – 90, 83 µm long; Dc 2, 49 – 79, 66 µm; Dc 3 56 – 75, 71 µm; and Dc 4 64 – 83, 71 µm long. Distances (in µm): Dc 1 – Dc 2 26 – 49, 40; Dc 2 – Dc 3 98 – 131, 113; Dc 3 – Dc 4 19 – 34, 24. Abdomen (Fig. 23). Tergite I bare, tergite II with weak mediolateral shagreen, stronger posterior shagreen on tergites III – VII, shagreen relative extensive on tergites VIII – IX. Shagreen spinules about equal in size, anterior and posterior bands joined, anterior band not extending as far lateral as posterior bands. Sternites I and IX bare; II – III with anterolateral plus posterolateral shagreen, IV with lateral, V – VII with lateral plus anterolateral, VIII with anterolateral shagreen. Pedes spurii A on sternites IV – VII. Pedes spurii B absent. Caudal hooklets on tergite II 46 – 69, 57; in 3 rows. Segments II – V each with 3 L setae, VI and VII each with 3 – 4, and VIII with 4 L setae. Lengths of L 1 – L 4 setae on segment VIII (in µm) as: 64 – 113; 75 – 124, 98; 38 – 116, 65; 68 – 101, 85. Occasionally a forked V seta present on sternite III. Anal lobe 364 – 443, 400 µm long. Anal macrosetae subequal in length; 225 – 278, 249 µm long; 0.59 – 0.64, 0.62 as long as anal lobe. Male genital sac overreaching anal lobe by 30 µm (2), female genital sac ending 105 µm short of apex of anal lobe. Fourth instar larva (n = 9 – 11 except when otherwise stated) Total length 4.68 – 8.60, 6.06 mm. Head capsule 0.44 – 0.50, 0.47 mm long. Postmentum 195 – 212, 203 µm long. Head capsule dark brown. Head. Antenna as in Fig. 31. Length of antennal segments (in µm): 49 – 64, 55; 12 – 15, 13; 4 – 7, 5; 3 – 4, 4; 3 – 4, 4. AR 1.75 – 2.32, 1.96. Ring organ 10 – 19, 15 µm from base; basal setal mark 14 – 22, 19 µm from base; apical setal mark 20 – 37, 26 µm from base. Basal antennal segment 19 – 23, 20 µm wide; blade 20 – 26, 23 µm (7) long; accessory blade 12 – 17, 15 µm (7) long. Lauterborn organs 5 – 9, 7 µm long; style 5 – 9, 7 µm long. Two labral lamellae (Fig. 32) each with 3 – 7, 5 spines. With 12 chaetae and 2 – 3 spinulae. One pair of chaetulae laterales slightly serrated, chaetulae basales tapering, bifid, with 1 long and 1 short apical tooth. Premandible (Fig. 32) bifid, 79 – 109, 89 µm long; brush consisting of 11 – 16, 14 (7) spines present. Mandible (Fig. 35) 146 – 165, 157 µm long, without seta interna. Mentum (Fig. 36) 120 – 144, 133 µm wide; median tooth 19 – 23, 20 µm wide; ventromental plate 4 – 12, 8 µm wide; with 5 – 7, 7 setae underneath on cardo. Abdomen. Claws of anterior parapods strongly serrated. Longest body setae 131 – 278, 186 µm long. Posterior parapods 293 – 450, 352 µm (7) long. Procercus 38 – 53, 46 µm high; 34 – 45, 41 µm wide. Anal setae 506 – 675, 595 µm long; supraanal seta 64 – 105, 84 µm (7) long, 0.11 – 0.20, 0.15 (8) as long as anal setae. Longer anal tubules 150 – 278, 183 µm (6) long, 56 – 83, 72 µm (4) wide at base; shorter anal tubules 113 – 184, 153 µm (6) long, 41 – 60, 54 µm (7) wide at base.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FFA92577FE9EFCD901CAFD46.taxon	discussion	Comments The pupa of this species shows no synapomorphies with the other members of the subgenus and is practically inseparable from O. (Orthocladius) chuzesextus. However, the male imago has the characteristic anal point of the other species except O. (M.) nimidens and the larva shares several apparent synapomorphies such as presence of labral lamellae, absence of seta interna, and bifid premandible with one or more of the other species of the genus. The phylogenetic placement of this and the next species, however, cannot be regarded as completely ascertained. Ecology and distribution The species is known only from Ohio, inhabiting small streams and seeps.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF96257DFE9EFCB1017AFC0E.taxon	description	(Figs. 18 – 22, 25 – 27, 33, 34, 37, 38, 41 – 46)	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF96257DFE9EFCB1017AFC0E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ɗ reared from larva, USA: Ohio, Franklin Co., Sharon Woods Park, woodland trickle, 28 iii emerged 2 iv 1987, M. J. Bolton (ZMBN Type No. 407). Paratypes: 3 mature ɗ pupae reared from larva, 3 mature Ψ pupae reared from larva, 3 pupal exuviae, 3 larvae, as holotype except 22 – 26 iv 1987, M. J. Bolton (ZMBN) Diagnostic characters The male imago differs from all other species of the genus by means of the triangular anal point. The apical wart of the seminal capsule, the evenly wide spermathecal ducts with several loops, and the lack of an anterior projection of the dorsomesal lobe of gonapophysis VIII all are unique within the genus. The combination of prominent frontal warts, granulose pedes spurii B on segment II, thoracic horn covered with spinules, and minute lateral threads but no apical spines on the anal lobe separates the pupa from other members of the genus. The mentum with 15 – 17 teeth combined with a bifid premandible, very broad median tooth of the mentum, and presence of seta interna of the mandible separate the larva from other members of the genus.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF96257DFE9EFCB1017AFC0E.taxon	description	Male imago (n = 3 – 4 except when otherwise stated) Total length 3.35 – 4.30, 3.95 mm. Wing length 1.72 – 1.96 mm (2). Total length / wing length 1.95 – 2.07 (2). Wing length / length of profemur 2.44 – 2.49 (2). Coloration brown with dark brown vittae. Head (Fig. 41). AR 1.76 – 1.92, 1.84. Ultimate flagellomere 567 – 652, 614 µm long. Temporal setae 11 – 14, including 4 – 5 inner verticals, 4 – 5 outer verticals, and 3 – 4 postorbitals. Clypeus with 5 – 8, 6 setae. Cibarial pump, tentorium and stipes as in Fig. 41. Tentorium 195 – 206 µm (2) long, 49 (2) µm wide. Stipes 146 – 158 µm (2) long, 56 – 60 µm (2) wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 34 – 47, 53 – 64, 75 – 101, 68 – 86, 113 – 135 (2). Thorax (Fig. 42). Antepronotum with 6 – 8, 7 setae. Dorsocentrals 15 – 18, 16, uni­biserial; acrostichals 6 – 11, 8; prealars 7 – 8, 8; 1 supraalar. Scutellum with 14 – 17, 16 setae; unibiserial. Wing (Fig. 43). Anal lobe moderately to strongly produced. VR 1.03 – 1.06 (2). Costal extension 38 – 49 µm (2) long. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 7 – 9, 8 setae; other veins bare. Squama with 17 – 24, 19 setae. Legs (n = 2). Spur of front tibia 71 – 94 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 34 – 45 and 24 – 41 µm long, of hind tibia 68 – 83 and 26 – 38 µm long. Width at apex of front and middle tibia each 45 – 56 µm, of hind tibia 56 – 68 µm. Pseudospurs present on ta 1 of mid and hind leg, ta 2 of mid leg and occasionally ta 2 of hind leg, 26 – 32 µm long. Sensilla chaetica absent. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Figs. 44 – 46). Anal point 86 – 120, 109 µm long, triangular with pointed apex. Tergite IX including anal point with 16 – 20, 19 setae; laterosternite IX with 7 – 10, 9 setae. Phallapodeme 124 – 135, 130 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 94 – 131 µm long, oral projections moderately developed. Gonocoxite 266 – 311, 288 µm long; inferior volsella with ventral part reduced, not extended beyond dorsal part. Gonostylus 113 – 131, 122 µm long; crista dorsalis low or absent; megaseta 11 – 15 µm long. Virga absent. HR 2.34 – 2.37, 2.36; HV 2.97 – 3.50, 3.24. Female imago (n = 3) Total length 3.83 – 4.19 mm. Wing length 1.95 – 2.28 mm. Total length / wing length 1.80 – 2.05. Wing length / length of profemur 2.61 – 2.84. Coloration not as dark as in male with more distinct markings. Head. AR 0.46 – 0.49. Flagellomere lengths (in µm): 90 – 101, 56, 49 – 56, 60 – 68, 124 – 135. Coronal suture 113 – 128 m long. Temporal setae 14 – 16, including 4 – 6 inner verticals, 6 – 7 outer verticals, and 4 – 5 postorbitals. Clypeus with 8 – 12 setae. Tentorium 154 – 191 µm long, 38 – 49 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µ m): 41 – 45, 53 – 64, 90 – 124, 79 – 94, 129 – 143. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 14 – 19, acrostichals 6 – 17, prealars 7 – 10. Scutellum with 18 – 21 partly biserial setae. Wing. Anal lobe very slightly produced. VR 1.06 – 1.11. Costal extension 56 – 60 µm long. Brachiolum with 1 – 3 setae, R with 79 – 18, R 1 with 6 – 11. R 4 + 5 with 11 – 18 setae. Squama with 17 – 24, 19 setae. Legs. Spur of front tibia 41 – 45 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 30 – 38 and 28 – 34 µm long, of hind tibia 68 – 85 and 26 – 38 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 45 – 56 µm, of middle tibia 53 – 62 µm, of hind tibia 60 – 71 µm. Pseudospurs present on ta 1 of mid and hind leg, ta 2 of mid leg and occasionally ta 2 of hind leg, 30 – 34 µm long. Sensilla chaetica absent. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs: Abdomen. Tergite VIII with 30 – 50 setae, sternite VIII with 35 – 39 setae. Genitalia (Figs. 18 – 22). Tergite IX strongly divided with margins well delimited, with 33 – 40 setae. Gonocoxite with 14 – 19 setae. Cercus 169 – 188 µm long. Seminal capsule pear­shaped with more or less well developed apical wart, 105 – 130 µm long including about 45 µm long tapering neck, 64 – 68 µm wide, sclerotised in anterior 75 – 94 µm. Spermathecal ducts with several loops and apparently separate openings. Notum 98 µm long. Dorsomesal lobe of gonapophysis VIII without anterior projection. Labia with very fine microtrichiae medially, apodeme of apodeme lobe strong. Pupa (n = 9 – 10) Total length 4.29 – 5.78, 4.89 mm. Exuviae pale brown with darker thorax and apex of anal lobe and blackish brown apophyses. Cephalothorax. Frontal warts (Fig. 27) relatively pronounced. Frontal setae 64 – 139, 103 µm long. Thoracic horn (Fig. 26) 266 – 428, 363 µm long; 49 – 68, 56 µm wide; 5.46 – 7.85, 6.54 times as long as wide; 0.95 – 1.23, 1.11 times as long as anal macrosetae. Precorneal setae respectively 68 – 113, 96 µm; 86 – 169, 133 µm; and 56 – 98, 84 µm long. Anterior dorsocentral (Dc 1) 71 – 120, 95 µm long; Dc 2, 53 – 105, 75 µm; Dc 3 71 – 94, 69 µm; and Dc 4 79 – 116, 94 µm long. Distances (in µm): Dc 1 – Dc 2 30 – 60, 46; Dc 2 – Dc 3 26 – 64, 49; Dc 3 – Dc 4 34 – 71, 55. Abdomen (Fig. 25). Tergite I bare, tergite II with weak median and anterolateral group shagreen and stronger posterior shagreen; strong, extensive shagreen on tergites III – VI, posterior spinules on tergite III stronger than anterior ones, of about the same size on IV – VI, spinule bands confluent with anterior shagreen reaching about as far lateral as posterior shagreen; tergite VII with weak median shagreen, VIII and IX with anterior group shagreen. Sternite I bare; II with weak lateral shagreen, II – V with stronger lateral, VI with lateral, anterolateral and posteromedian shagreen, VII with fewer anterolateral and posteromedian spinules, VIII with anterolateral V – VII with lateral plus anterolateral, VIII and IX with anterolateral shagreen. Pedes spurii A on sternites IV – VII. Pedes spurii B well developed, granulose, on tergite II only. Caudal hooklets on tergite II 61 – 160, 111; in 4 – 5 rows. Segments II – VI each with 3 L setae, VII with 4, and VIII with 4 – 5 L setae. Lengths of L 1 – L 5 setae on segment VIII (in µm) as: 79 – 165, 123; 86 – 199, 138; 90 – 184, 132; 139 – 240, 186; 105 – 120 (present in 2 of 10 specimens). Anal lobe 338 – 401, 374 µm long; each lobe with 9 – 14, 12 fine lateral spines; no posterior spines. Anal macrosetae subequal in length; 281 – 375, 326 µm long; 0.79 – 0.94, 0.87 as long as anal lobe. Male genital sac reaching about to apex of anal lobe. Fourth instar larva (n = 8 – 9 except when otherwise stated) Total length about 4.8 – 8.1, 6.2 mm. Head capsule 0.48 – 0.53, 0.51 mm long. Postmentum 225 – 263, 240 µm long. Head capsule light brown. Head. Antenna as in Fig. 31. Length of antennal segments (in µm): 73 – 86, 79; 15 – 17, 16; 4 – 7, 6; 3 – 4, 4; 5 – 6, 6. AR 2.38 – 2.81, 2.62. Ring organ 13 – 19, 17 µm from base; basal setal mark 16 – 25, 20 µm from base; apical setal mark 20 – 35, 28 m from base. Basal antennal segment 20 – 25, 22 µm wide; blade 20 – 26, 23 µm (6) long; accessory blade 10 – 17, 14 µm (8) long. Lauterborn organs 5 – 7, 6 µm (7) long; style 5 – 9, 7 µm long. Labrum (Fig. 32) with one branch of S I split into 2 – 6 weak branches, S II double on one side in one specimen, 12 chaetae and 5 spinulae. Chaetulae laterales smooth. Premandible bifid (Fig. 32), 98 – 109, 105 µm (8) long; vestigial brush indicated. Pecten galearis apparently absent. Mandible (Fig. 37) 176 – 210, 189 µm long; seta interna of 7 – 8 branches. Mentum (Fig. 38) 161 – 180, 169 µm wide; with 15 or 17 teeth, median tooth 35 – 47, 40 µm wide; ventromental plate 10 – 16, 14 µm wide; about 4 very weak setae present underneath ventromental plates on cardo. Abdomen. Claws of anterior parapods strongly serrated. Longest body setae 131 – 278, 186 µm long. Posterior parapods 225 – 323, 280 µm (5) long. Procercus 41 – 56, 48 µm high; 26 – 45, 39 µm wide. Anal setae 544 – 675, 618 µm long; supraanal seta 143 – 206, 167 µm (8) long, 0.24 – 0.31, 0.27 (8) as long as anal setae. Longer anal tubules 151 – 188, 162 µm (6) long, 75 – 113, 94 µm (6) wide at base; shorter anal tubules 105 – 143 µm (3) long, 56 – 68 µm (3) wide at base.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF96257DFE9EFCB1017AFC0E.taxon	discussion	Comments The female imago is unique within the genus, with the apical wart on the seminal capsule, spermathecal ducts with several loops but no widened portions, dorsomesal lobe without the anterior projection characteristic for the Cricotopus­Orthocladius group of genera, and no discernible rami. The genitalia are surprisingly similar to those of some Diamesa Waltl. Other apparent autapomorphies within the genus are the triangular anal point of the male imago and the rounded, instead of concave, posterior part of the larval ventromental plates. However, the pupa shares several synapomorphies with other members of the subgenus such as prominent frontal warts, granulose pedes spurii B, and lateral threads on the anal lobe. Ecology and distribution The species inhabits vernal woodland shallow pools and springs. This habitat is only present in the spring when the groundwater level is high enough to supply them, or possibly they are created where an impermeable clay lens is pooling snow­melt and spring rains. The species is known from Ohio, Indiana, and North Carolina.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF9C257DFE9EFC790179FB51.taxon	description	Diagnostic characters As in Soponis (1990: 6) except for the exclusion of O. rousellae.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF9C257BFE9EFAB1065CFC96.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype mature ɗ pupa, CANADA: Northwest Territories, FWI Pipeline Project,? Oscar Creek, 25 v 1972, det. A. Soponis as O. rivicola (ZMBN Type No. 408). Paratypes: 5 ɗ, 1 Ψ, 1 ɗ reared from pupa, 2 mature ɗ pupae, 15 pupal exuviae; as holotype (ZMBN)	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF9C257BFE9EFAB1065CFC96.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named in honour of Annelle R. Soponis who has revised both the subgenus Euorthocladius, and the nominal subgenus, and has additional publications on this important genus. Diagnostic characters The male imago is separable from those of the other species of the subgenus Euorthocladius, except O. (E.) rivicola, by having uniserial scutellar setae, robust crista dorsalis, sensilla chaetica on ta 1 of p 2, low antennal ratio (1.0 – 1.2), virga present, and inferior volsella with ventral part extended relatively prominently below dorsal part (see Remarks). The female imago differs from those of O. (E.) rivicola and O. (E.) ashei by having smaller seminal capsules and completely straight spermathecal ducts. The pupa differs from those of other members of the subgenus by lacking posterior spines or hooklets on tergites II and III, no pedes spurii A on sternite VI, precorneals and dorsocentrals not spine­like and less than 30 spines on tergite VI. The larva is unknown.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF9C257BFE9EFAB1065CFC96.taxon	description	Male imago (n = 9 except when otherwise stated) Total length 2.66 – 3.13, 2.95 mm (7). Wing length 1.75 – 2.24, 1.95 mm (5). Total length / wing length 1.39 – 1.69, 1.53 (5). Wing length / length of profemur 3.02 – 3.08, 3.05 (5). Coloration light brown with vittae, lower part of preepisternum and postnotum blackish brown. Head (Fig. 47). AR 1.02 – 1.23, 1.09. Ultimate flagellomere 394 – 529, 442 µm long. Temporal setae 13 – 18, 15; including 3 – 8, 6 inner verticals; 3 – 9, 6 outer verticals; and 1 – 6, 3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 7 – 12, 10 setae. Tentorium 131 – 173, 167 µm (6) long; 38 – 41, 39 µm (6) wide. Stipes 105 – 169, 131 µm (6) long; 23 – 49, 36 µm (6) wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm, n = 5 – 6): 36 – 41, 39; 53 – 71, 61; 86 – 128, 101; 71 – 98, 87; 120 – 150, 135. Thorax (Fig. 48). Antepronotum with 3 – 5, 3 (7) setae. Dorsocentrals 7 – 14,10; acrostichals 0 – 5, 2; prealars 4 – 6, 5. Scutellum with 10 – 13, 12 setae, uniserial. Wing (Fig. 49). Anal lobe moderately produced. VR 1.03 – 1.12 (2). Costa not extended. Brachiolum with 1 seta; R with 4 – 8, 5 setae; other veins bare. Squama with 12 – 21, 16 setae. Legs (n = 5 – 6). Spur of front tibia 45 – 64, 55 µm long; spurs of middle tibia 23 – 34, 29 and 23 – 30, 27 µm long; of hind tibia 49 – 71, 66 and 23 – 26, 25 µm long. Width at apex of front and middle tibia each 36 – 43, 39 µm: of hind tibia 41 – 49, 46 µm. Pseudospurs present on ta 1 and ta 2 of mid and hind leg, 26 – 38 µm long. Sensilla chaetica 5 – 10, 7 at 0.06 – 0.11, 0.08 to 0.19 – 0.26, 0.23 of ta 1 of mid leg; absent on of hind leg. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs: Hypopygium (Fig. 50). Anal point including triangular base 41 – 54, 49 µm long; robust, tapering with rounded apex; with 10 – 17,12 setae including on base, some directed lateral and even anterior; laterosternite IX with 4 – 7, 6 setae. Phallapodeme 64 – 79, 68 µm long; transverse sternapodeme 83 – 105, 87 µm long, oral projections well developed. Gonocoxite 195 – 244, 205 µm long; superior volsella collar­like to rounded; inferior volsella with ventral part prominently extended beyond dorsal part. Gonostylus 94 – 109, 101 µm long; crista dorsalis apical, rounded; megaseta 8 – 11, 9 µm long. Virga 23 – 43, 32 µm long; consisting of cluster of about 5 spines. HR 1.93 – 2.24, 2.03; HV 2.63 – 3.15, 2.91 (7). Female imago (n = 1) Total length 4.10 mm. Wing length 2.08 mm. Total length / wing length 1.51. Wing length / length of profemur 3.33. Coloration not as dark as in male. Head. AR 0.65. Flagellomere lengths (in µm): 79, 41, 38, 39, 128. Coronal suture 68 µm long. Temporal setae about 10, consisting of 5 inner and 5 outer verticals, postorbitals not observed. Clypeus with 8 setae. Tentorium 135 µm long, 24 µm wide. Stipes 139 µm long, 19 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 38, 49, 90, 86, 135. Thorax. Dorsocentrals 10, acrostichals 6, prealars 4, no supraalar. Scutellum with 12 setae. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta; R with more than 8 setae, R 1 with more than 2 and R 4 + 5 with more than 3 setae. Squama with 14 setae. Other details not measurable. Legs. Spur of front tibia 38 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 26 and 21 µm long, of hind tibia 53 and 19 µm long. Width at apex of front and middle tibia each 38 µm, of hind tibia 45 µm. Pseudospurs present on ta 1 of mid leg and hind leg and ta 2 of mid hind leg, 26 – 34 µm long. Sensilla chaetica 14 at 0.06 – 0.23 on ta 1 of mid leg, 7 at 0.13 – 0.16 on ta 1 of hind leg. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs: Abdomen. Number of setae on tergites I – VIII as: 55, 36, 26, 26, 26, 22, 19, 17; on sternites I – VIII: 0, 2, 8, 10, 18, 17, 22, 15. Genitalia (Figs. 51 – 55). Tergite IX strongly divided with margins clearly delimited, with 24 setae. Gonocoxite with 24 setae of which 12 are shorter. Cercus 143 µm long. Seminal capsule ovoid with 15 µm long sclerotised neck, 56 µm long, anterior 38 µm darker sclerotised, 28 µm wide. Spermathecal ducts completely straight with separate openings. Notum 124 µm long. Pupa (n = 13 – 15 except when otherwise stated) Total length 2.28 – 3.31, 2.94 mm. Exuviae pale greyish brown with area of tergite points blackish brown. Cephalothorax. Frontal setae absent. Thoracic horn (Fig. 67) ellipsoid, clear, stalked, 34 – 60, 49 µm long; 19 – 26, 23 µm wide; 1.80 – 2.60, 2.04 times as long as wide; 1.00 – 1.62, 1.22 times as long as anal macrosetae. Precorneal setae respectively 68 – 94, 82 µm; 30 – 60, 39 µm; and 38 – 64, 52 µm long. Anterior dorsocentral (Dc 1) 56 – 86, 68 µm (12) long; Dc 2, 60 – 86, 71 µm; and Dc 3 56 – 86, 67 µm long. Distances (in µm): Dc 1 – Dc 2 30 – 68, 42; Dc 2 – Dc 3 21 – 64, 41. Abdomen (Fig. 66). Tergite I bare, tergite II with 2 weak anterior patches of spinules, tergites III – IX with stronger anterior patches. Sternites bare. Pedes spurii A and B absent. Caudal hooklets on tergite II absent. Posterior points on tergites IV – VIII in 2 – 3 rows. Number of points on tergites IV – VIII in male as (n = 7 – 8): 9 – 29, 15; 14 – 34, 22; 11 – 22, 18; 10 – 18, 12; 8 – 14, 12. Number of points in female as (n = 7 – 8): 16 – 30, 23; 24 – 35, 31; 20 – 27, 23; 17 – 21, 29; 19 – 21, 16. Segments II – VII each with 3 L setae, VIII with 2 L setae. L 1 and L 2 setae on segment VIII less than 25 µm long. No O setae. Anal lobe 150 – 191, 160 µm long. Two strongly reduced anal macrosetae in distal half, 30 – 60, 38 µm long. Male genital sac overreaching anal lobe by 45 – 135, 101 µm (7); female genital sac overreaching anal lobe by 15 µm to ending 30 µm short of apex of anal lobe, mean 7 µm short.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF9C257BFE9EFAB1065CFC96.taxon	discussion	Remarks The description by Soponis (1990: 26) of O. (E.) rivicola includes O. (E.) annellae. At least some and probably all the specimens from the Northwest Territories and probably the specimens from Yukon and Alaska belong to the new species. The two species may perhaps be separated by O. (E) annellae having the ventral part of the inferior volsella more prominently extended below the dorsal part, as illustrated in Fig. 50 and Soponis (1990 Fig. 33 c). However, several of the specimens of O. (E.) rivicola from Norway appear to have a nearly equally extended ventral part.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF9A2564FE9EFCE10627FDA6.taxon	materials_examined	Material: examined: NORWAY: Hordaland, Vaksdal, Ekse, paratype ɗ reared from larva, 11 vi 1979, E. Willassen; same locality, mature ɗ pupa, mature Ψ pupa, 7 vi 1988, Ø. A. Schnell; same locality, 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, 9 vii 1979 & 24 vi 1980, G. A. Halvorsen; Hordaland, Vaksdal, Fosse at Storeglupen, 6 pupal exuviae, 6 vi 1985, Ø. A. Schnell; Hordaland, Vaksdal, Storelva, 1 pupal exuviae, 9 vi 1986, Ø. A. Schnell; Hordaland, Årdal, Haereidelva, 1 pupal exuviae, 2 vi 1986, Ø. A. Schnell (all ZMBN). The male imago, pupa, and larva were described by Soponis (1990). The female, however, remained undescribed.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF9A2564FE9EFCE10627FDA6.taxon	description	Female imago (n = 1 – 2) Total length 2.91 mm. Wing length not measurable. Head. AR 0.65 – 0.74. Flagellomere lengths (in µm): 60 – 68, 34 – 41, 34 – 41, 34 – 45, 105 – 116. Coronal suture 0 – 60 µm long. Temporal setae 8, consisting of 2 – 4 inner, 4 – 6 outer verticals, and no postorbitals. Clypeus with 10 – 12 setae. Tentorium 146 µm long, 26 µm wide. Stipes 98 µm long, 26 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 41, 45, 79, 56 – 79, 83 – 109. Thorax. Antepronotum with 4 – 6 setae. Dorsocentrals 8 – 15, acrostichals not observed, prealars 34, no supraalar. Scutellum with 10 – 16 setae. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta; R with 7 – 8 setae, R 1 with 4 – 5, R 4 + 5 with 4 – 5 setae. Squama with 14 – 16 setae. Legs. Sensilla chaetica 10 on ta 1 of mid leg, 4 on ta 1 of hind leg. Other details not measurable. Abdomen. Number of setae on tergites I – VIII as: 25 – 51, 21 – 42, 18 – 32, 14 – 25, 13 – 25, 8 – 22, 14 – 22, 14 – 19; on sternites I – VIII: 0, 0 – 2, 2 – 5, 4 – 8, 5 – 10, 6 – 15, 6 – 14, 8 – 9. Genitalia (Figs. 56 – 60). Tergite IX strongly divided with margins clearly delimited, with 18 – 22 setae. Gonocoxite with 7 – 9 setae including 3 short setae. Cercus 109 – 128 µm long. Seminal capsule ovoid with 13 – 15 µm long, tapered, sclerotised neck; 49 – 71 µm long; anterior 56 µm more darkly sclerotised; 34 – 66 µm wide. Spermathecal ducts with loops and separate openings. Notum 86 – 98 µm long.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF852565FE9EFDEC064CFC47.taxon	materials_examined	Material: examined: NORWAY: Hordaland, Vaksdal, Ekse, 4 ɗ reared from larva, 2 Ψ reared from larva, 3 ɗ reared from pupa, 10 mature ɗ pupa, mature Ψ pupa, 21 vi, 11 vii, & 9 vii 1970, E. Willassen; same locality, 3 ɗ 1976, 8 – 15 vii & 5 – 10 viii 1976, T. Andersen; same locality, 8 pupal exuviae, 9 vi 1987, Ø. A. Schnell; same locality, ɗ reared from larva, 5 pupal exuviae, 7 vi 1988, Ø. A. Schnell; Hordaland, Vaksdal, Storelva, 6 pupal exuviae, 9 vi 1986, Ø. A. Schnell; Buskerud, Hol, Ustaoset, Smettbakgrovi stream below waterfall, 1 pupal exuviae, 27 vii 1993, P. H. Langton & O. A. Saether (all ZMBN). CAN­ ADA: Alberta, Waterton National Park, Rows Creek above highway, ɗ reared from pupa, 21 vii 1967, A. L. Hamilton & O. A. Saether (ZMBN). USA: Arizona, Summerhaven on Mt. Lemmon near Tucson, Sabino Creek, ɗ reared from pupa, ii 1986, Doughman (ZMBN). The male imago, pupa, and larva were described by Soponis (1990). The female, however, remained undescribed.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF852565FE9EFDEC064CFC47.taxon	description	Female imago (n = 1 – 2) Total length 2.36 mm. Wing length 1.81 mm. Total length / wing length 1.31. Wing length / length of profemur 3.20. Head. AR 0.62 – 0.65. Flagellomere lengths (in µm): 53 – 68, 34 – 38, 34 – 48, 34 – 41, 86 – 110. Coronal suture 30 – 38 µm long. Temporal setae 11 – 13, consisting of 3 – 5 inner, 7 outer verticals, and 1 postorbital. Clypeus with 8 – 11 setae. Tentorium 135 µm long, 26 µm wide. Stipes 135 µm long, 26 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 30 – 38, 41 – 60, 68 – 98, 60 – 79, 83 – 116. Thorax. Antepronotum with 4 – 6 setae. Dorsocentrals 7, acrostichals about 2, prealars 3 – 5, no supraalar. Scutellum with 11 – 13 setae. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta; R with 8 – 13 setae, R 1 with 4 – 8, R 4 + 5 with 6 – 10 setae. Squama with 14 to about 24 setae. Legs. Spur of front tibia 49 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 26 and 21 µm long, of hind tibia 56 and 23 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 39 µm, of and middle tibia 41 µm, of hind tibia 45 µm. Pseudospurs present on ta 1 and ta 2 of mid leg and hind leg, 23 – 27 µm long. Sensilla chaetica 9 at 0.07 – 0.32 on ta 1 of mid leg, 2 at 0.07 – 0.15 on ta 1 of hind leg. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs: Abdomen. Tergites VIII with 12 – 20 setae, sternite VIII with 15 – 29 setae. Genitalia (Figs. 61 – 65). Tergite IX strongly divided with margins clearly delimited, with 16 setae. Gonocoxite with 7 – 8 long and 3 – 5 short setae. Cercus 105 – 120 µm long. Seminal capsule ovoid with 15 µm long, tapered, sclerotised neck; 64 – 75 µm long; anterior 51 – 64 µm darker sclerotised; 54 – 60 µm wide. Spermathecal ducts meandering with separate openings. Notum 120 – 135 µm long.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF842567FE9EFA05073EFEDE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined NORWAY: Svalbard, Danskøya, Lake Arresjøen, 2 ɗ reared from pupa, 1 mature ɗ pupae, 2 prepupa larvae, 14 viii 1993, Ø. A. Schnell (ZMBN); Svalbard, Vasa Peninsula, Lake Birgersjøen, ɗ reared from pupa, 15 viii 1993, Ø. A. Schnell (ZMBN); Svalbard, Ny Friesland, Lake N. Mosselvatn, pupal exuviae, 27 viii 1977, H. A. Støen (ZMBN); Oppland, Vågå, Lake Nedre Sjodalsvatn, 1 mature ɗ pupa reared from larva, 26 v 1990, Ø. A. Schnell (ZMBN).	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF842567FE9EFA05073EFEDE.taxon	description	Male imago The description in Soponis (1977: 96) can be supplemented by the presence of about 6 sensilla chaetica at the base of ta 1 of the mid leg and sensilla chaetica apparently absent from the hind leg. Pupa (n = 3) The description in Soponis (1977: 99) and Langton & Visser (2002) and Rossaro et al (2003: 234) can be supplemented by: Total length about 4.7 – 5.7 mm. Cephalothorax. Frontal setae 94 – 120 mm long. Thoracic horn with sparse points over most of its length [bare according to Soponis (1977), with a few apical points according to Langton & Visser (2002), with points in apical half according to Rossaro et al. (2003)], 195 – 218 µm long; 32 – 41 µm wide; 4.73 – 6.82 times as long as wide; 10.88 – 1.02 times as long as anal macrosetae. Precorneal setae 114 – 188 µm long. Anterior dorsocentral (Dc 1) 83 – 90 µm long, Dc 2, 75 – 94 µm, Dc 3 68 – 79 µm, Dc 4 34 – 49 µm long. Distances (in µm): Dc 1 – Dc 2 30 – 86, Dc 2 – Dc 3 83 – 109, Dc 3 – Dc 4 28 – 41. Abdomen. With 31 – 62 caudal hooklets on tergite II in 4 – 5 rows in specimens from Lake Arresjøen, only two rows in the other specimen. Segments II – VI each with 3 L setae, VII with 4, VIII with 5 L setae. Lengths of L 1 – L 5 on segment VIII in µm as: 64 – 94, 75 – 94, 79 – 86, 124 – 128, 131 – 154. Anal lobe 329 – 371 µm long. Anal macrosetae 214 – 225 µm long. Male genital sac conspicuous, overreaching anal lobe by 56 – 68 µm, about 86 µm wide at apex. Fourth instar larva (n = 2 – 3 except when otherwise stated) Total length about 5.0 – 6.1 mm. Head capsule 0.43 – 0.45 mm long. Postmentum 195 – 199 µm long. Head capsule yellowish brown. Head. Antenna as in Fig. 29. Length of antennal segments (in µm): 57 – 62, 14 – 17, 6 – 8, 4 – 6, 4 – 6. AR 1.36 – 2.08. Ring organ 7 – 9 µm from base, basal setal mark 14 – 19 µm from base, apical setal mark 50 µm (1) from base. Basal antennal segment 19 – 21 µm wide, blade 21 – 31 µm long, accessory blade 12 – 20 µm long. Lauterborn organs well developed, 7 – 8 µm long, style 7 – 9 µm long. Labrum (Fig. 30) with 12 – 14 chaetae and 6 spinulae. Chaetulae laterales apparently all smooth. Premandible (Fig. 30) simple with distinct apical notch, 92 – 95 µm long, brush absent. Mandible (Fig. 39) 169 – 173 µm long, seta interna of about 7 smooth branches. Mentum (Fig. 40) 150 – 161 µm wide, median tooth 11 – 12 µm wide, about twice as wide as first lateral tooth; ventromental plate 6 µm wide. Abdomen. Claws of anterior parapods strongly serrated. Posterior parapods 284 – 331 µm long. Procercus 38 – 41 µm high, 30 – 38 µm wide. Anal setae 578 – 614 µm long, supraanal seta 131 – 143 µm long, 0.58 times as long as anal setae. Longer anal tubules 150 – 169 µm long, 71 – 86 µm wide at base.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF842567FE9EFA05073EFEDE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The larva from Lake Nedre Sjodalsvatn has a considerably longer antennal flagellum than the ones from Svalbard, resulting in a lower antennal ratio. In other details, however, it is nearly identical.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF862561FE9EFE3B040DFE56.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined NORWAY: Hordaland, Vaksdal, Ekse, 1 ɗ reared from larva, 2 Ψ reared from larva, 9 xi 1978, T. Andersen; same locality, 1 ɗ reared from larvae, 4 mature ɗ pupae, 5 vii 1979, E. Willassen (ZMBN). USA: Georgia, Rabun Co. West Fork Chattooga River, 1 ɗ, 10 v 1980. P. L. Hudson (ZMBN).	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF862561FE9EFE3B040DFE56.taxon	description	Description Male imago As mentioned by Soponis (1977), the North American material mostly agrees with the European except for the smaller size and the distinct scutal stripes. In addition, at least the specimen from Georgia has only about 3 sensilla chaetica at 0.13 – 0.18 of ta 1 of mid leg and a 26 m long virga, while the specimens from Ekse have 10 – 14 sensilla chaetica at 0.05 – 0.07 to 0.13 – 0.18 and the virga is only 0 – 15 µm long. In all other counts and measurements the differences are not significant. Female imago (n = 3 except when otherwise stated) Total length 3.64 – 3.97 mm. Wing length 2.36 – 2.69 mm. Total length / wing length 1.45 – 1.54. Wing length / length of profemur 3.21 – 3.36. Head. AR 0.67 – 0.75. 0.71 (4). Flagellomere lengths (in µm, n = 4 – 6): 83 – 86, 84; 53 – 56, 55; 49 – 56, 47; 49 – 56, 50, 161 – 180, 168. Flagellomeres 3 and 4 fused in one specimen. Temporal setae 8 – 13, 10 (5); consisting of 3 – 5, 4 inner; 5 – 7, 6 outer verticals; and 0 – 3, 1 postorbital. Clypeus with 16 – 19, 17 (5) setae. Tentorium 150 – 169 µm long, 26 – 30 µm wide. Stipes 150 – 161 µm long, 41 – 53 µm wide. Palpomere lengths (in µm): 38; 53 – 64; 105 – 124; 83 – 116, 101 (5); 143 – 199, 165 (5). Thorax (n = 6). Antepronotum with 8 – 13, 10 setae. Dorsocentrals 7 – 13, 10; acrostichals 14 – 16 (3); prealars 3 – 6, 4; no supraalar. Scutellum with 8 – 12, 10 setae. Wing. VR 1.05 – 1.11. Costal extension 56 – 75 m long. Brachiolum with 1 (6) seta; R with 11 – 20, 16 (6) setae; R 1 with 6 – 12, 10 (6), R 4 + 5 with 12 – 20, 16 (6); costal extension with 1 – 2, 1 (6) non­marginal seta. Squama with 16 – 27, 21 (6) setae. Legs. Spur of front tibia 49 µm long, spurs of middle tibia 30 – 38 and 26 – 30 µm long, of hind tibia 60 – 79 and 26 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 45 – 49 µm, of middle tibia 45 – 51 µm, of hind tibia 49 – 56 µm. Pseudospurs present on ta 1 of mid leg and hind leg and ta 2 of mid leg, 23 – 34 µm long. Sensilla chaetica 17 – 23 at 0.06 – 0.08 to 0.20 – 0.30 on ta 1 of mid leg, 7 – 17 at 0.06 – 0.07 to 0.17 – 0.26 on ta 1 of hind leg. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs: Abdomen (n = 6). Number of setae on tergites I – VIII as: 61 – 73, 67; 36 – 45, 40; 26 – 38, 33; 25 – 34, 31; 28 – 34, 31; 23 – 33, 27; 17 – 29, 22: 17 – 25, 21; on sternites I – VIII: 0; 2 – 5, 4; 7 – 11, 9; 10 – 19, 13; 18 – 25, 20; 20 – 28, 23; 28 – 31, 23; 22 – 30, 27. Genitalia (Figs. 70 – 74, n = 5 – 6). Tergite IX strongly divided with margins clearly delimited, with 20 – 31, 24 setae. Gonocoxite with 23 – 34, 28 setae. Cercus 120 – 180, 160 µm long. Seminal capsule pear­shaped; 60 – 78, 69 µm long; anterior 34 – 45, 41 µm darker sclerotised; 45 – 54, 50 µm wide. Spermathecal ducts slightly meandering with separate openings. Notum 116 – 150, 142 µm long.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
03BF87F4FF862561FE9EFE3B040DFE56.taxon	discussion	Remarks It is not unlikely that the Nearctic specimens represent a different species as evidenced by the differences in sensilla chaetica on the legs and the length of the virga. However, more material from a wider range of localities is needed before any conclusion can be drawn.	en	Saether, Ole A. (2005): A new subgenus and new species of Orthocladius van der Wulp, with a phylogenetic evaluation of the validity of the subgenera of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 974: 1-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171314
