identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BE5F1CFFECFFEBFF74FB1FCF1FFB3C.text	03BE5F1CFFECFFEBFF74FB1FCF1FFB3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Borsoniidae Bellardi 1875	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Borsoniidae Bellardi, 1875</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFECFFEBFF74FB1FCF1FFB3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFECFFEBFF74FB55C8C1F89E.text	03BE5F1CFFECFFEBFF74FB55C8C1F89E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tropidoturris Kilburn 1986	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Tropidoturris Kilburn, 1986</p>
            <p> Type species:  Pleurotoma (Drillia) scitecostata Sowerby, 1903</p>
            <p> Remarks. According to Kilburn (1986),  Tropidoturris is an endemic genus represented by five species and one subspecies from the continental shelf and slope of southeastern Africa. The genus is morphologically very distinctive being characterized by its biconical shape, strong shoulder keel, deep anal sinus and paucispiral protoconch. Kilburn (1986: 645) compared  Tropidoturris with  Corinnaeturris Bouchet &amp; Warén, 1980 and Carinotropis Bernasconi &amp; Robba, 1984. However, members of  Corinnaeturris have shouldered but not keeled teleoconch whorls, a granulose surface, and carinate protoconch whorls. The genus  Corinnaeturris is currently assigned to the family  Clathurellidae H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1858 . Similarly, Carinotropis, based on Carinotropis nitida Bernasconi &amp; Robba, 1984 from the Pliocene of Italy (considered by Della Bella &amp; Scarponi (2007) a junior synonym of the Miocene  Drillia michelottii var. minima Montanaro, 1937 ) has a carinate protoconch and a much shorter base than  Tropidoturris . In  Tropidoturris scitecostata (Sowerby, 1903) , type species of the genus, the sculpture is predominantly axial while in other members, such as  T. fossata notialis Kilburn, 1986 ,  T. simplicicingula simplicicingula (Barnard, 1958) ,  T. simplicicingula pondo Kilburn, 1986 and  T. planilirata Kilburn, 1986 , it is spiral. In  T. fossata (Sowerby, 1903) and  T. anaglypta Kilburn, 1986 the axial ribs are weak and “crenellate the shoulder keel” (Kilburn, 1986: 645). Operculum and radula were described by Kilburn (1986: 645). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFECFFEBFF74FB55C8C1F89E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFEFFFE8FF74F9AACF4FF9D1.text	03BE5F1CFFEFFFE8FF74F9AACF4FF9D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drilliidae Olsson 1964	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Drilliidae Olsson, 1964</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFEFFFE8FF74F9AACF4FF9D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFEFFFE9FF74F9E1CED7FE50.text	03BE5F1CFFEFFFE9FF74F9E1CED7FE50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iredalea Oliver 1915	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Iredalea Oliver, 1915</p>
            <p> Type species:  Iredalea subtropicalis Oliver, 1915</p>
            <p> Remarks. Kilburn (1988) remarked the close resemblance in shell characters of members of  Iredalea Oliver, 1915 and the monotypic  Crassopleura Monterosato, 1884 , based on  Pleurotoma maravignae Bivona Ant. in Bivona And., 1838 from the eastern Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea, but suggested that the two genera can be distinguished on the basis of radular features. More recently Scarponi &amp; Della Bella (2004), while discussing  Crassopleura maravignae , noted that two forms of this species can be recognized on the basis of the number of axial ribs, namely a Pliocene form bearing 14–18 axial ribs on the last whorl and a Pleistocene one with more numerous ribs (21–25). The authors also remarked that the parietal pad of  C. maravignae tends to form a moderately deep, narrow and posteriorly directed spout with the end of the outer lip. According to Scarponi &amp; Della Bella (2004) this feature, not observed in members of  Iredalea , supports recognition of  Crassopleura and  Iredalea as distinct genera. However, in the Pliocene specimen of  C. maravignae (Scarponi &amp; Della Bella, 2004: plate 1, fig. 2), the posterior spout is rather weak or even absent as in the recent specimens figured in the WoRMS register (Appeltans et al., 2012) (accessed at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=139659). Thus, this stated difference is, in our opinion, of very doubtful value. In this paper  Iredalea is retained as a valid genus in accord with Kilburn (1988). In addition to the Recent species revised by Kilburn (1988) and recognized in the WoRMS register, Scarponi &amp; Della Bella (2004: 24) recognized  Drillia (Cymatosyrinx) stoppanii Cipolla, 1914 from the Pliocene of Italy as a fossil member of the genus  Iredalea . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFEFFFE9FF74F9E1CED7FE50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFEFFFE8FF74FF21C9C7FA43.text	03BE5F1CFFEFFFE8FF74FF21C9C7FA43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tropidoturris vizcondei	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tropidoturris vizcondei sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 1. A–H</p>
            <p>Type material: Holotype (MNHN 26614). 4 Paratypes (2 from stn. CC 3175 (MNHN 26615); 1 from stn. CP 3143 (MNHN 26617); 1 from stn. CP 3133 (MNHN 26618); 1 (coated) from stn. CC 3175 (MZB 60071).</p>
            <p>Type locality: Mozambique Channel (Maputo transect), 25° 34’S 34° 11’E, 155– 165 m.</p>
            <p>Material examined: Mozambique Channel (Maputo transect): 25° 34’S 34° 11’E, 155– 165 m. [N/O “Vizconde de Eza” MAINBAZA, stn. CC 3175] (holotype and 3 paratypes); 25° 11’S 35° 10’E, 200– 201 m. [N/O “Vizconde de Eza” MAINBAZA, stn. CP 3133] (1 paratype); 23° 32’S 35° 46’E, 264– 277 m.[N/O “Vizconde de Eza” MAINBAZA, stn. CP 3143] (1 paratype).</p>
            <p>Description: Shell (fig. A–C) fusiform-biconic (b/l 0.37–0.39; a/l 0.49–0.54), with a high spire; base tapering, shallowly excavated. Protoconch of 1 ½ strongly convex whorls (fig. F–G) with a series of weak axial growth ribs at termination; under SEM (fig. H) the protoconch surface is seen to be sculptured by microscopic rows of spiral threads more evident on terminal part. Protoconch diameter: 0.75–0.90 mm. Teleoconch of up to 5 whorls sharply shouldered at mid-whorl height, sutural ramp broad, shallowly concave. First teleoconch whorl with a prominent peripheral cord; in some specimens a second weaker cord just below the peripheral one. Two prominent spiral cords on second whorl, increasing to 3 on antepenultimate and penultimate whorls (in some specimens with a fourth narrow spiral cord at level of abapical suture) (fig. D). Last whorl with 3–5 spiral cords; 11–14 cords on base and rostrum. Axial sculpture of fine to relatively prominent growth lines. No axial ribs. Under SEM (fig. E) the surface of sutural ramp and the interspaces, between spiral cords, are seen to be covered by microscopic rows of slightly wavy spiral threads. Aperture narrowly lanceolate, tapering slightly towards base, truncated posteriorly at sinus. Columella and parietal region weakly convex, columellar callus thin. Siphonal canal short, shallowly notched. Outer lip thin. Anal sinus deep, relatively broad, occupying entire sutural ramp. Color uniform pale orange-yellow. Dimensions: Holotype: 11.1 x 4.3 mm, aperture height 6.0 mm; largest paratype (CP 3143): 13.2 x 5.1 mm, aperture height 7.2 mm; smallest paratype (CC 3175): 9.7 x 3.8 mm, aperture height 4.8 mm.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named after the research vessel “Vizconde de Eza” used in the dredging of the type material.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Tropidoturris vizcondei sp. nov. is comparable only to  Tropidoturris simplicicingula simplicicingula (Barnard, 1958) and  T. planilirata Kilburn, 1986 in the complete lack of axial sculpture, but otherwise differs distinctly from both species mainly in its smaller dimensions (up to 13.2 mm versus 19.8 in  T. simplicicingula simplicicingula and 16.8 mm in  T. planilirata ), and in possessing fewer teleoconch whorls (up to 5 whorls versus 6 in  T. simplicicingula simplicicingula and 5½ in  T. planilirata ) sculptured by fewer spiral cords. In particular,  Tropidoturris vizcondei sp. nov. has 3–4 and 3–5 spiral cords on penultimate and last whorl respectively while  T. simplicicingula simplicicingula and  T. planilirata have respectively 6–10 and 4–5 spiral cords (excluding peripheral cord) on abapical part of penultimate whorl. Furthermore,  T. planilirata has 1–2 spiral cords on sutural ramp which are totally absent in  T. vizcondei . The shell of  T. vizcondei is uniform pale orange-yellow while that of both  T. planilirata and  T. simplicicingula simplicicingula is more vividly patterned with brown blotches. Finally, in  Tropidoturris vizcondei the anal sinus seems broader than in any of its described congeners. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFEFFFE8FF74FF21C9C7FA43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFEEFFE9FF74FDB9C916F86F.text	03BE5F1CFFEEFFE9FF74FDB9C916F86F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iredalea adenensis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Iredalea adenensis sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 1. I–K</p>
            <p>Type material. Holotype (MZB 60072) and 3 paratypes (MZB 60073); 1 paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012-2532).</p>
            <p>Type locality. Offshore Gulf of Aden, trawled by local fishermen at 200–400 m in 1994.</p>
            <p>Material examined. The type material.</p>
            <p>Description. Shell rather solid (fig. I–J), narrowly claviform (b/l 0.43–0.45; a/l 0.39–0.46) with high, acute spire and short base. Protoconch somewhat conical of 1¾ whorls. Protoconch diameter: 0.75 mm (holotype). Teleoconch of up to 7 whorls with slight, rounded shoulder at about mid-whorl height, sutural ramp concave, suture shallow. Sculpture of numerous, narrow axial ribs (fig. K), as broad as interspaces, opisthocline with a prosocline inflexion on sutural ramp; sixteen to 17 axial ribs on antepenultimate and penultimate whorl, 17–18 on last whorl. Adapical part of whorl surface sculptured on last two whorls by indistinct spiral lines; 7–8 spiral grooves, with a tendency to form rectangular granules where crossing axial ribs, on the rostrum. Aperture oblong-ovate, columella relatively straight with a moderately thick callus, its outer edge slightly raised; parietal region concave, parietal pad filling posterior angle of aperture, constricting anal sinus. Siphonal canal short, broad, slightly obliquely notched. Outer lip with a distinct stromboid notch in the abapical part, almost straight in lateral view, with a cutting edge. Anal sinus moderately deep, openly and asymmetrically U-shaped, directed slightly adapically. Color yellowishwhite with a single brown band margining abapical suture on penultimate whorl, occupying the median zone on the last whorl; columella and protoconch white. Dimensions: Holotype: 17.2 x 7.7 mm, aperture height 6.8 mm; largest paratype (MZB): 20.2 x 9.1 mm, aperture height 9.3 mm; smallest paratype (MZB): 14.7 x 6.4 mm, aperture height 6.6 mm.</p>
            <p> Etymology.  adenensis , alluding to the fact that the new species is described from the Gulf of Aden. </p>
            <p> Remarks. This new species represents the first record of the genus  Iredalea from the Gulf of Aden. Kilburn (1988) reported two  Iredalea species from southern Africa, namely  Iredalea inclinata (Sowerby, 1893) and  I. exilis (Pease, 1868) .  Iredalea adenensis sp. nov. is comparable in size to  I. inclinata , reported from Mauritius and Reunion Island to Natal, but has more numerous axial ribs (16–18 versus 12–15 on later two teleoconch whorls), higher periphery (median rather than at about abapical third of whorl), fewer protoconch whorls (1¾ versus 2 ½), deeper anal sinus and very different colour pattern. In particular,  I. adenensis has a yellowish-white shell with a single brown band margining abapical suture on penultimate whorl occupying the median zone on the last whorl, while the shell of  I. inclinata is patterned with deep brown forming three bands on last whorl (Kilburn, 1988: 187). Weinkauff in Weinkauff &amp; Kobelt, 1876 described  Pleurotoma polygonalis from Zanzibar which, according to Kilburn (1988: 187), may prove to be an earlier name for  Iredalea inclinata . The shell of  Pleurotoma polygonalis was described as “ albida, zonis fuscis picta ” with “ flavidulo bifasciata ” aperture (page 100, pl. 21 figs 7,9). As remarked by Kilburn (1988), the original figure of  Pleurotoma polygonalis is rather indistinct but the drawing in lateral view clearly shows two brown bands at level of aperture, thus differing from  Iredalea adenensis which has a single brown band. Apart from the presence of spiral bands, the shell of  I. adenensis is yellowish-white while that of  P. polygonalis is patterned with brown (“ zonis fuscis picta ”). The new species resembles  I. exilis Pease, 1860 reported from Polynesia to southern Africa, in possessing a brown band in the median zone of last whorl but otherwise differs mainly in its much larger shell (up to mm 20 mm versus 8 mm or less), shape (claviform rather than pupoid) and in possessing a paucispiral protoconch (1¾ versus about 4 whorls). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFEEFFE9FF74FDB9C916F86F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFE8FFEFFF74FF64CFD4FADA.text	03BE5F1CFFE8FFEFFF74FF64CFD4FADA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buchema Corea 1934	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Buchema Corea, 1934</p>
            <p> Type species:  Carinodrillia (Buchema) tainoa Corea, 1934</p>
            <p> Remarks. Corea (1934) proposed  Buchema as a subgenus of  Carinodrillia Dall, 1919 , a genus represented in tropical Americas, with  Carinodrillia (Buchema) tainoa Corea, 1934 , originally described from Puerto Rico, selected as type species. The author described five new species and recognised  Drillia interpleura Dall &amp; Simpson, 1901 as belonging to  Buchema . Later, Fargo (1953: 375) proposed  Carinodrillia (Buchema) pylonia Fargo, 1953 from the Pliocene of Florida but the species has recently been referred to the genus  Compsodrillia Woodring, 1928 by Scarponi &amp; Della Bella (2004: 65). In his revision, Powell (1966: 105) retained the systematics proposed by Corea (1934) and provided a list of  Buchema species. McLean (1971b) used  Buchema as a full genus and assigned  Pleurotoma granulosa Sowerby, 1834 to the genus. Additional  Buchema species were recognised by Van Regteren Altena (1975) and Maes (1983). The WoRMS register of marine species (Appeltans et al., 2012) lists eleven  Buchema species of which the  Buchema dichroma Kilburn, 1988 represents the sole species reported from Africa. Previous authors (Abbott, 1974; Fernandes et al., 1995; Kilburn, 1988) noted the morphological resemblance between  Buchema Corea, 1934 and  Crassispira Swainson, 1840 , suggesting the possibility that the two taxa may prove synonyms. However, species assigned to  Buchema differ widely from  Pleurotoma bottae Kiener, 1839 , type species of  Crassispira , in their usually smaller dimensions, stronger spiral sculpture, different structure of the anal sinus (i.e. presence of a parietal nodule restricting entrance to anal sinus), shorter aperture and vividly patterned shells.  Buchema is characterized by the presence of a secondary teleoconch sculpture consisting of both axial and spiral threads, which gives the shell surface a “cloth-like pattern” (see fig. M and Corea, 1934: plate 3). A further morphological character potentially useful in distinguishing  Buchema from  Crassispira is the protoconch sculpture. In both genera the protoconch is initially smooth then developing stout axial ribs but in  Buchema the terminal portion is typically sculptured by thinner axial ribs. Corea (1934) described the protoconch of  Buchema as follows: “the early whorls smooth, succeeded by a finely axially, closely lirate portion that passes into an axially slender ribbed part, which in turn passes into the postnuclear sculpture”. In their recent classification of Conoidea, Bouchet et al. (2011) retained  Buchema and  Crassispira as distinct genera belonging to different families. Kilburn (1988) proposed the genus  Psittacodrillia which is morphologically very similar to  Buchema but differs in lacking a distinct subsutural cord, labial varix and fasciole. The new species from Somalia described below shares with American members of  Buchema all diagnostic morphological characters and is accordingly considered the first eastern Africa record of the genus  Buchema . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFE8FFEFFF74FF64CFD4FADA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFE8FFEFFF74FF21CE8DFF4E.text	03BE5F1CFFE8FFEFFF74FF21CE8DFF4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Horaiclavidae Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev & Puillandre 2011	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Horaiclavidae Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev &amp; Puillandre, 2011</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFE8FFEFFF74FF21CE8DFF4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFE8FFECFF74FAC2CC97FC34.text	03BE5F1CFFE8FFECFF74FAC2CC97FC34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Buchema shearmani	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Buchema shearmani sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 1. L–P</p>
            <p>Type material. Holotype (MZB 60074) and 2 paratypes (MZB 60075); 1 paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012-2533)</p>
            <p>Type locality. Offshore Mogadishu (Somalia), trawled by local fishermen at unknown depth in 1989–1990.</p>
            <p>Material examined. The type material.</p>
            <p>Description. Shell (fig. L–M) claviform (b/l 0.34–0.35; a/l 0.33–0.35), with a high, slightly inflated spire, blunt apex and subcylindrical last whorl. Protoconch (fig. O) bluntly conical of 1¾–2 whorls; first 1½ sculptured by stout axial ribs; last portion with thinner, closely spaced ribs crossed by spiral threads. Protoconch diameter: 0.74–0.86 mm. Teleoconch of 5½–5 ¾ convex whorls, with periphery at ⅔–¾ of whorl height; subsutural margin forming a weak cord. Sculpture of prominent, opisthocline axial ribs crossed by low, flat-topped spiral cords becoming swollen over axial ribs. Axial ribs straight, but slightly arcuate over sutural ramp where they are weaker, narrower than their intervals, projecting most at periphery, fading across base at level of parietal region. Eight to 9 axial ribs on penultimate whorl, 9–10 on last whorl. Spiral sculpture of three main spiral cords, the upper one rather more slender than the others. Additional 1–2 cords, weaker than others, develop on later two teleoconch whorls. Interspaces between spiral cords sculptured by low spiral threads which decussate dense, fine axial lines (fig. P). On later two teleoconch whorls about 3–7 spiral threads, varying in strength, in each interval between spiral cords. Sutural ramp with a low, feeble to nearly obsolete spiral lira preceded by 2–5 threads and followed by others 6–7.</p>
            <p>Aperture narrow, quadrangular. Columella straight, with relatively thick callus, its outer edge not raised; parietal pad forming a prominent nodule, which greatly restricts entrance of anal sinus. Outer lip with a slight stromboid notch in the abapical part, almost straight in lateral view, with a cutting edge, preceded by a varicoid rib. Anal sinus moderately deep, C-shaped. Color: a) brownish orange with ivory white spiral cords where they cross the axials. Interior of the aperture orange-yellow; b) uniform dark brown. Dimensions: Holotype 9.9 x 3.5 mm; aperture 3.5 mm; largest paratype (MZB): 10.6 x 3.6 mm, aperture 3.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named after professor John K. G. Shearman (1931–2003) well known art historian.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The new species differs distinctly from all its described congeners. Of the five  Buchema species from Puerto Rico proposed by Corea (1934),  Buchema shearmani sp. nov. superficially resembles in general features the type species  Carinodrillia (Buchema) tainoa Corea, 1934 but the latter is larger (14.2 mm versus up to 10.6 mm in length), with a much broader and stronger shoulder. Furthermore, shell colour of  B. shearmani varies from brownish orange with ivory white spiral cords to uniform dark brown while  B. tainoa has a brown shell with interspaces darker than the axial ribs and “summit of the whorls marked by brown spots separated by lightercolored intervals” (Corea, 1934).  Buchema shearmani differs from the southern Africa  Buchema dichroma Kilburn, 1988 in its much narrower shell (b/l 0.34–0.35 versus 0.43–0.47), sculptured by much fewer and weaker spiral cords and very different colour pattern (brownish orange with ivory white spiral cords or uniform dark brown versus bicolored yellow and violet) (Kilburn, 1988: 244, figs. 188–189).  Buchema dichroma further differs from both  Buchema shearmani and other  Buchema species described by Corea (1934) in details of the protoconch which consists of smooth whorls except for few weak axial riblets crossed by feeble spiral striae near termination (Kilburn, 1988: 246). Actually the morphologically closest species is probably  Crassispira soamanitraensis Bozzetti, 2008 , from Madagascar, which is comparable in dimensions and color and may prove referable to the genus  Buchema . However,  Crassispira soamanitraensis differs from the new species in having stronger, more closely spaced spiral cords. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFE8FFECFF74FAC2CC97FC34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFEBFFECFF74FBD8C9E1F8E3.text	03BE5F1CFFEBFFECFF74FBD8C9E1F8E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassispira Swainson 1840	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Crassispira Swainson, 1840</p>
            <p> Type species:  Pleurotoma bottae Kiener, 1839</p>
            <p> Remarks. The genus  Crassispira is represented mainly in West America and in the Caribbean by numerous Tertiary to Recent species (Powell, 1966; Appeltans et al., 2012). Powell (1966) did not recognize any  Crassispira species from Africa and listed only three Recent taxa as Indo-Pacific members of the genus, namely  Drillia aesopus Schepman, 1913 (Indonesia) ,  Clavatula sinensis Hinds, 1843 (New Guinea, Straits of Macassar and China Sea) and  Drillia tasconium Melvill and Standen, 1901 (Gulf of Oman). However, the inclusion of these Indo- Pacific species in  Crassispira is uncertain: in current literature  D. aesopus and  C. sinensis are usually regarded as members of the genus  Inquisitor Hedley, 1918 (see Tucker, 2004 for detailed references) while  D. tasconium can be assigned to  Drillia Gray, 1838 (Kilburn, 1988) . Regional revision by Fernandes et al. (1995) and subsequent contributors (Nolf, 2009; Rolán et al., 2007; Ryall et al., 2009) indicate that at least fifteen  Crassispira species occur in West Africa. Kilburn (1988) described  Crassiclava balteata from southern Africa, which belongs to a group listed as a synonym of  Crassispira by Appeltans et al. (2012). More recently, Bozzetti (2008) and Kilburn &amp; Dekker (2008) described new  Crassispira species respectively from Madagascar and Red Sea.  Crassispira tuckerana Bonfitto &amp; Morassi, 2011 , the sole  Crassispira species previously described from Somalia (Bonfitto &amp; Morassi, 2004), is morphologically distinctive and may prove referable to a genus distinct from  Crassispira . The new species described below closely resemblances the type species  Pleurotoma bottae Kiener, 1839 in all morphological features and can accordingly be assigned to genus  Crassispira with confidence. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFEBFFECFF74FBD8C9E1F8E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFEBFFECFF74FBA5CFE5FBCA.text	03BE5F1CFFEBFFECFF74FBA5CFE5FBCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudomelatomidae Morrison 1965	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1965</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFEBFFECFF74FBA5CFE5FBCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
03BE5F1CFFEBFFEDFF74F8CACE9AFA19.text	03BE5F1CFFEBFFEDFF74F8CACE9AFA19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crassispira somalica	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Crassispira somalica sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figures 1. Q–S</p>
            <p>Type material. Holotype (MZB 60076); 1 paratypes (MZB 60077); 1 paratype (MNHN-IM- 2012-2534).</p>
            <p>Type locality. Offshore Mogadishu (Somalia), trawled by local fishermen at unknown depth in 1989–1990.</p>
            <p>Material examined. The type material.</p>
            <p>Description. Shell rather solid (fig. Q-R), elongate-ovoid (b/l 0.42–0.46; a/l 0.43–0.47) with strongly gradate spire, last whorl not or weakly excavated with a relatively short rostrum. Protoconch narrowly domed of about 1¾ whorls, termination ill-defined, surface eroded. Protoconch diameter: about 1.2 mm. Teleoconch of 6–7 whorls with distinct, rounded shoulder at mid-whorl height, suture moderately deep bordered by a moderately strong, undulating subsutural fold. Sutural ramp wide, shallowly concave. Sculpture of broad, rounded, slightly opisthocline axial ribs extending from abapical suture to shoulder, rapidly vanishing on sutural ramp. Axial ribs separated by interspaces narrower than them, extending across upper part of base on last whorl. Seven to 8 axial ribs on penultimate whorl, increasing to 8–9 on last whorl (including a varicoid rib at level of outer lip). Spiral sculpture of shallowly incised grooves: 4–6 between shoulder and abapical suture on later two teleoconch whorls. Last whorl with 7–10 grooves on base and 5–7 cords on the rostrum. Whorls covered by dense, relatively rough axial growth lines particularly evident on sutural ramp. Aperture narrow, elongate-ovate. Columella straight with a thick callus, its outer edge free, fasciole strong, false umbilicus deep; parietal region with a low, rounded nodule at suture not significantly constricting opening of anal sinus. Siphonal canal short, narrow, deep, its anterior tip notched. Outer lip not or only feebly crenulated, preceded by a broad varix. No stromboid notch. Anal sinus relatively shallow, openly U-shaped with diverging sides. Color moderate brown with yellowish-white first teleoconch whorl and protoconch. Dimensions: Holotype: 21 x 8.9 mm, aperture height 9.2 mm; paratype (MZB): 20 x 9.2 mm, aperture height 9.5 mm (decollated); paratype (MNHN): 19.4 x 8.6 mm, aperture height 8.9 mm.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Alluding to the fact that the new species is described from off Mogadishu (Somalia).</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Crassispira somalica sp. nov. represents the first Recent species described from eastern Africa bearing “typical”  Crassispira features. The new species differs distinctly from the few Tertiary  Crassispira species reported from eastern Africa and the West Indian Ocean. In particular,  Crassispira jamviniensis Cox, 1927 from the Miocene of Pemba Island has a narrower shell with well developed sculpture of numerous raised spiral cords rather than grooves. Harzhauser (2007) reported an undescribed  Crassispira species from the Late Miocene of Oman, which differs from  Crassispira somalica sp. nov. in possessing a much narrower and higher spire, more prominent subsutural fold, more deeply excavate sutural ramp and more deeply incised spiral grooves. The very variable European Tertiary  Crassispira pustulata (Brocchi, 1814) may resemble  C. somalica in shape and type of spiral sculpture, but the former has more deeply incised spiral grooves, more prominent subsutural fold and longer siphonal canal. Among described Recent species,  Crassispira somalica sp. nov. is reasonably comparable only to the west African members of the genus. The new species resembles  Crassispira consociata (E. A. Smith, 1877) in shape, dimensions (20.4 mm in length for the holotype) and number of axial ribs but otherwise differs in type of spiral sculpture (spiral grooves rather than spiral cords forming nodules at points of intersections with the axial ribs) and color (moderate brown rather than light brown to cream but Fernandes et al., 1995: 296 also reported almost white shells). Apart from the difference in type of spiral sculpture, the new species is further distinguished from other west African species such  Crassispira carbonaria (Reeve, 1843) and  Crassispira funebralis Fernandes, Rolán &amp; Otero-Schmitt, 1995 in its much smaller dimensions (up to 21 mm versus 30 mm or more in length) and in possessing a lighter color (moderate brown versus dark brown-blackish). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE5F1CFFEBFFEDFF74F8CACE9AFA19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Morassi, Mauro;Bonfitto, Antonio	Morassi, Mauro, Bonfitto, Antonio (2013): Four new African turriform gastropods (Mollusca: Conoidea). Zootaxa 3710 (3): 271-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.3.5
