taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B087C4FF8B551696A440C0FED8FF5B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The genus Coenoptychus seems most similar to Graptartia in their shared resemblance of velvet ants, but can be distinguished by the following combination of features: rectangular eye arrangement and recurved PER (Fig. 4 A, Haddad 2004: figs 2 ‒ 3) vs circular eye arrangement and procurved PER in Graptartia (Haddad 2004: figs 1, 19); carapace with less narrowed ocular region (Figs 2 A, C, 4 E) vs strongly narrowed ocular region in Graptartia (Fig. 4 D); dorsal abdominal setae feathery (Haddad 2004: figs 11 ‒ 12) vs dorsal abdominal setae clavate in Graptartia (Haddad 2004: fig. 10); three teeth on cheliceral promargin vs two in Graptartia; lack of RTA (Fig. 3 A ‒ C; Haddad 2004: figs 27 ‒ 28, 32 ‒ 33) vs a small hook-shaped RTA in Graptartia (cf. Haddad 2004: figs 22 ‒ 23); distally pointed apical part of cymbium (Fig. 3 A ‒ C; Haddad 2004: figs 27 ‒ 28, 32 ‒ 33) vs prolaterally pointed and retrolaterally blunt apical part of cymbium in Graptartia (Haddad 2004: figs 22 ‒ 23); corkscrew-shaped embolus directed straight or prolaterally (Fig. 3 C; Haddad 2004: figs 13 ‒ 14, 27 ‒ 28, 32 ‒ 33) vs clamp-shaped embolus in Graptartia (Haddad 2004: figs 22 ‒ 23); reniform spermathecae I (Fig. 3 E ‒ F; Haddad 2004: figs 25 ‒ 26, 30 ‒ 31) vs narrow in Graptartia (Haddad 2004: figs 20 ‒ 21).	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF8B551696A440C0FED8FF5B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Coenoptychus pulcher Simon, 1885, by monotypy.	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF8B551696A440C0FED8FF5B.taxon	description	Description. Small to medium spiders (males 3.8 ‒ 6.0, females 3.95 ‒ 12.0) in length. Carapace dark reddish to orange, with dark grey borders, papillate, scattered with white long and feathery setae, medially broad, slightly elevated from eye region towards rear, highest at two-thirds its length, fovea distinct or indistinct. Eye field dark, MOQ trapezoid, AER procurved, PER recurved (Fig. 4 A, Haddad 2004: figs 2 ‒ 3). Chelicerae orange to grey, with black setae dorsally, promargin with three teeth, retromargin with two teeth, fangs baso-promarginally with modified long black setae in C. pulcher females and possibly found in C. mutillicus comb. nov. and C. tropicalis comb. nov. females (Fig. 4 G ‒ H). Endites straight to slightly depressed laterally, longer than wide. Labium wider than long, with few black setae. Sternum reddish to orange, papillate, covered with feathery setae intermingled with long and short setae. Leg formula 4123, legs spinose, scattered feathery setae on legs, scopulae weak, comprising two rows of setae, leg I femur uniformly dark coloured, femora II ‒ IV with dark grey annulations. Abdomen oval, covered with short, black feathery setae, scattered long white and grey setae and short white feathery setae that form the pattern, dorsal scutum entire, venter covered with short and long black setae interspersed with black feathery setae. Spinnerets closely grouped together, ALS largest and subconical. Male palp segments pale orange to red-brown, without retrolateral tibial apophysis, tibia prolaterally with one pair of spines (Fig. 3 A; Haddad 2004: figs 27, 32); cymbium broad, gradually narrowing apically, with dense mat of tiny setae on dorsum (Figs 3 A, C); tegulum pear-shaped, with stump-like apical embolus base; subtegulum small, partly visible retrolaterally; embolus spiral with 1.5 ‒ 2.5 turns (Figs 3 A ‒ D; Haddad 2004: figs 13 ‒ 14, 27 ‒ 28, 32 ‒ 33). Female epigyne domed plate-like, reddish-brown, copulatory openings in circular or semi-circular ridges (Figs 2 G, 3 E; Haddad 2004: figs 25 ‒ 26, 30 ‒ 31), spermathecae I kidney-shaped, spermathecae II round to subtriangular (Figs 2 H, 3 F; Haddad 2004: figs 25 ‒ 26, 30 ‒ 31). All species mimic velvet ants (Figs 1 A ‒ F, 2 A, C, 4 E).	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF8B551696A440C0FED8FF5B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania (Fig. 5)	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF88551396A44369FCAAFDDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Coenoptychus pulcher seems closely related to C. tropicalis comb. nov., but can be easily separated from it by the following combination of features: abdominal scutum of both sexes with four white spots (Figs 1 A ‒ D, 2 A, C) vs with a broad white anterior band and two small lateral triangular markings, fused to a median stripe in front of spinnerets in C. tropicalis comb. nov. (Haddad 2004: fig. 29); globose spermathecae II (Figs 2 H, 3 F) vs subtriangular in C. tropicalis comb. nov. (Haddad 2004: figs 30 ‒ 31); postero-laterally placed copulatory ducts (Fig. 3 F) vs laterally placed in C. tropicalis comb. nov. (Haddad 2004: fig. 31); spermathecae II with basoprolateral projection (Fig. 3 F) vs without projection in C. tropicalis comb. nov. (Haddad 2004: fig. 31); embolus with 1.5 coils (Fig. 3 A ‒ D) vs. with 2 coils in C. tropicalis comb. nov. (Haddad 2004: figs 32 ‒ 33); and inverted comma-shaped epigynal ridges (Fig. 3 E) vs with semi-circular-shaped epigynal ridges in C. tropicalis comb. nov. (Haddad 2004: figs 30 ‒ 31).	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF88551396A44369FCAAFDDE.taxon	description	Male (ADSH 19131 B). Measurements: Body length 4.93. Carapace 2.54 long, 1.55 wide. Abdomen length 2.39, width 1.82. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.06, AME 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.07, ALE ‒ PLE 0.37, AME ‒ ALE 0.05, AME ‒ AME 0.10, AME ‒ PME 0.15, PLE ‒ PLE 0.67, PME ‒ PLE 0.17, PME ‒ PME 0.21. Clypeus height at AME 0.30, at ALE 0.22. Chelicerae 0.65 long. Measurements of palp and legs (right): palp 2.25 [0.69, 0.20, 0.28, 1.08], I 4.05 [1.10, 0.51, 0.87, 0.86, 0.71], II 3.92 [1.10, 0.51, 0.79, 0.83, 0.69], III 3.62 [1.01, 0.50, 0.70, 0.83, 0.58], IV 6.46 [1.41, 0.61, 1.07, 1.37, 2.00]. Spination: palp: femur do 2, cymbium pl 3; legs: femora I ‒ II pl 1 do 3 III pl 1 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae I ‒ IV do 2 fine setae; tibiae I plv 1 rlv 2, II rlv 2, III plv 2, IV pl 1 rl 1 plv 1 vt 1; metatarsus I plv 2 rlv 1, II plv 2 rlv 2, III plv 4 rlv 2 vt 1, IV pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2; tarsi I ‒ IV spineless. Carapace dark reddish with dark grey boarders, papillate, with serrated margins, slightly elevated towards rear, highest at two-thirds its length, ornamented with short golden and long white hairs (Fig. 4 I), white feathery setae lying adjacent to the lateral margins (Fig. 4 B, vertical arrow). Eye field blackish, with long, curved setae, eyes subequal, PER strongly recurved (Fig. 4 A). Fovea short and narrow. Clypeus black, with long, curved setae. Chelicerae dark greyish-orange, dorsum covered with greyish-black setae; promargin middle tooth largest. Maxillae, labium dark orange. Sternum reddish-orange, with black margins, papillate, covered with feathery setae intermingled with short and long white and pale setae, with precoxal triangles, intercoxal sclerites between all coxae except I and II, intercoxal sclerites discontinuous (Fig. 4 B, horizontal arrow), fused with plural bars, precoxal triangles separated at coxae II, III and IV. Abdomen oval; dorsal scutum blackish, entire, with two pairs of sigilla, covered with black feathery setae, rest with short, white feathery setae intermingled with long grey and white setae; dorsum with four major spots of short white feathery setae, two medially and two laterally, with very short patch of white feathery setae on each postero-lateral side, anterior half with scattered gold feathery setae up to median white spot, tuft of short, white feathery setae just above anal tubercle (Fig. 4 F); venter with reddish-brown ventral sclerite, epigastric sclerite reddish-orange, post epigastric sclerites thin, with setal bases from granules; ventral sclerite heavily sclerotised, rectangular, situated between epigastric furrow and inframammillary sclerite, inframammillary sclerite small. Pedicel short, with collar. Spinnerets orange-brown. Legs I ‒ III yellowish-brown, IV reddish-brown, spinose, covered with short, erect setae and scattered short feathery setae; all leg segments with black annulations, except femur I and all tarsi; all coxae lack retrocoxal window; all patellae with narrow patellar indentation; glabrous distal constriction on femora III and IV, prominent on IV (Fig. 4 J); proximal and distal long setae on patellae dorsally, long spine-like dense hairs around metatarsi III ‒ IV distally; all metatarsi distally with scopulae, scopulae on all tarsi entire (Fig. 4 K), metatarsal and tarsal scopulae composed of longitudinal halves separated medially by irregular rows of spine-like setae (Fig. 4 K); all tarsi with paired claws, with claw tufts of short, barbed setae, without feathery setae; leg formula 4123. Palp (Figs 2 E ‒ F, 3 A ‒ D): segments pale orange to dark brown; patella with single prolateral spine; tibia prolaterally with single pair of spines (Fig. 3 A), with glabrous ventral saddle with small elevated ridge prolaterally, cymbium with weak prolateral bend in ventral view (Fig. 3 B), with one apico-prolateral and two baso-prolateral spines, with dense mat of tiny thorn-like setae on pallid apical half of dorsum (Fig. 3 C), apical end with indistinct claw-like setae. Bulb pear-shaped, with short, stump-like embolus base; subtegulum small, partly visible pro- and retrolaterally; embolus nearly extending to tip of cymbium, with 1.5 turns, distal 2 / 3 appears ‘ ladle-like’ ventrally, with narrow, angular tip directed at 10 o’clock ventrally (Fig. 3 D). Female (ADSH 19131 A). Measurements: Body length 5.88. Carapace 3.04 long, 1.79 wide. Abdomen length 2.84, width 2.55. Eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.10, AME 0.11, PLE 0.10, PME 0.09, ALE ‒ PLE 0.40, AME ‒ ALE 0.07, AME ‒ AME 0.12, AME ‒ PME 0.18, PLE ‒ PLE 0.80, PME ‒ PLE 0.20, PME ‒ PME 0.23. Clypeus height at AME 0.33, at ALE 0.22. Chelicerae length 0.76. Measurements of palp and legs (right): palp 2.33 [0.66, 0.33, 0.48, 0.86], I 4.47 [1.30, 0.51, 0.98, 0.93, 0.75], II 4.42 [1.30, 0.58, 0.93, 0.89, 0.72], III 4.24 [1.25, 0.59, 0.85, 0.91, 0.64], IV 5.98 [1.64, 0.72, 1.26, 1.60, 0.76]. Spination: palp: femur do 3, patella pl 1 do 3, tibia do 1 pl 2, tarsus pl 2 rl 1 vt 2; legs: femora I ‒ II pl 1 do 3, III pl 1 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 2 do 3 rl 1; patellae I ‒ IV do 2; tibiae I plv 2 rlv 2, II vt 2, III pl 1 plv 1, IV pl 1 plv 2 rl 2 rlv 1 vt 1; metatarsi I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 1 rlv 2, III pl 2 plv 1 rl 2 rlv 1 vt 1, IV pl 3 plv 1 rl 4 vt 3; tarsi I ‒ IV spineless. In all details like male except the following: carapace reddish-orange. Fangs baso-promarginally with modified long black setae (4 G ‒ H). Sternum orange. Abdomen oval, anterior half with short gold feathery setae, denser than male, forming distinct pattern, sigilla more distinct than male; dorsal scutum larger than male; lateral white spots extending ventrally, posterior white spot slightly extending downward; venter covered with short black feathery setae, short white feathery setae forming white median broad band and lateral paired triangular-shaped thin white bands, two pairs of white spots lateral to spinnerets (Fig. 2 B), single white spot just dorsal of spinnerets (Fig. 4 F); ventral sclerite absent, inframamillary sclerite small (Fig. 4 C). Spinnerets larger than male; PMS and PLS provided with three and two large cylindrical gland spigots, respectively, ALS largest, without enlarged spigots (Fig. 4 C). Scopulae on metatarsi I ‒ II and all tarsi complete, metatarsi III ‒ IV bearing scopulae distally (Fig 4 K). Palpal tarsus distally with pair of ventral spines. Epigyne (Figs 2 G ‒ H, 3 E ‒ F): domed plate-like, reddish brown. Copulatory openings small, circular, with inverted comma-shaped ridges, lying postero-laterally (Fig. 3 E). Vulvae large, spermathecae I kidney-shaped, spermathecae II round, with short baso-prolateral lobe, both spermathecae bridged together by vertical dumbbellshaped lobe. Copulatory ducts short, less sclerotized, moderately wide, without convolutions, opening basally to spermathecae II (Fig. 3 F). Variation. Body length: Female 5.88 ‒ 6.06 mm (n = 2).	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF88551396A44369FCAAFDDE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. INDIA, Kerala: Palakkad, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Vengoli, 10 ° 25 ' 22.8 '' S, 76 ° 48 ' 36 '' E, 1057 m, 27. V. 2016, leg. J. Paul, from ground, by hand, 1 penultimate ♂, 1 ♀ (ADSH 19131 A); Same locality, 13. VIII. 2016, leg. K. S. Nafin, from ground, by hand, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ADSH 19131 B). Natural History. Coenoptychus pulcher is a diurnally active, fast-running ground spider. The species has been collected from both coastal regions (Simon, 1885) and montane grasslands (present data). Coenoptychus pulcher are accurate Batesian mimics of the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Green (1912) observed a close resemblance of C. pulcher to members of the genera Mutilla Linnaeus, 1758 and Spilomutilla Ashmead, 1903. The spiders also had resemblance to other mutillid genera such as Biscoffitilla Lelej, 2002 and Trogospidia Ashmead, 1899, which were found in the region (Paul, pers. obs.) (Fig. 1 E ‒ F). The behaviour of the spider, such as leg movements, speed, intermittent resting and bobbing of the abdomen, accurately mimics the wingless female mutillid wasps, which makes them difficult to distinguish in their habitat.	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF88551396A44369FCAAFDDE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. India: Kerala: Palakkad (present record), Tamil Nadu: Ramanad (Ramanathapuram) and Madras; Sri Lanka: Anuradhapura and Taprobane (Fig. 5).	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF8D551396A447CCFC44F8BD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Tanzania (Fig. 5).	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
03B087C4FF8D551C96A44535FE15FDB3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Tanzania (Fig. 5). Note. The transfer of both G. mutillica and G. tropicalis to Coenoptychus is supported by the cladistic analysis of Afrotropical Castianeirinae by Haddad (2013), wherein these two species were in a clade paraphyletic to Graptartia granulosa Simon, 1896. He suggested that these two species may belong to Coenoptychus, but did not formally transfer them.	en	Paul, Jimmy, Sankaran, Pradeep M., Sebastian, Pothalil A., Joseph, Mathew M. (2018): A review of the wasp mimicking spider genus Coenoptychus Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae). Zootaxa 4413 (1): 163-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4413.1.6
