taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B487D46E63FFF7FF64FF37FBC9FC36.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — minima (L.), small; refers to the very small basidiocarps of this species. Diagnosis: — Differs from C. kisanganensis in having a smaller (up to 20 mm long) stipe covered with orange white, recurved squamules, a hymenium with pleurocystidia, and the lamellar trama with a dextrinoid central region. Type: — INDIA. Kerala State: Thiruvananthapuram District, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, 8 ° 33 ’ 24.7 ” N 77 ° 09 ’ 33.0 ” E, 22 October 2017, A. S. Shahina SA 324 (holotype CALI!). GenBank accessions: nrITS: OQ 617341 and nrLSU: OQ 617343. Description: — Basidiocarps small. Pileus 3 – 4.5 mm diam., initially convex, becoming convex with a shallow central depression; surface initially dark brown (7 F 5 / OAC 700) all over with a darker center (7 F 8 / OAC 733), becoming dark brown (7 F 7 / OAC 720) at the center, light brown (7 D 5 / OAC 701) around it, grayish orange (5 B 3 to 5 B 5 / OAC 813 to OAC 814) towards the margin, with brown (7 E 8 / OAC 700 or OAC 701), radially appressed fibrils extending to the margin; margin straight, appendiculate. Lamellae free or at times adnexed, up to 1 mm wide, light orange white (5 A 2 / OAC 900), subclose, with lamellulae of 1 tier; edge torn under a lens, concolorous with the sides. Stipe 11 − 20 × 0.5 – 0.75 mm, central, terete, equal; surface initially pale yellow (4 A 3 / OAC 805) at the base and the apex and yellowish white (4 A 2 / OAC 900) in the middle, becoming light brown (6 D 4 / OAC 700) all over except at the apex where it is concolorous to the lamellae when mature, with orange white (5 A 2 / OAC 815), recurved squamules all over, densely so towards the base; base insititious. Rhizomorphs not observed. Context thin. Basidiospores 9 – 10.5 × 4 – 5 (9.63 ± 0.51 × 4.4 ± 0.48) µm, Q = 1.9 – 2.5, Qm = 2.20, fusoid to ovo-ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, rarely slightly thick-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Basidia 21 – 28 × 6 – 8 µm, clavate, 4 - spored; sterigmata up to 3 µm long. Pleurocystidia scattered to rare, not observed in some lamellae, 19 – 31 × 5 – 9 µm, fusoid or clavate with a mucronate apex, at times with constrictions in the body, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Lamella-edge heteromorphous with abundant cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia 16 – 26 × 5 – 9 µm, resembling Siccus - type broom cells: broadly clavate to subcylindrical, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled; apical appendages up to 8 µm long, often branched, subacute to obtuse, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, sometimes appendages reduced or with lobes. Lamellar trama subregular; hyphae 4 – 14 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 µm thick), hyaline, central part of the trama weakly dextrinoid. Pileus trama subregular; hyphae 2 – 15 µm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Pileipellis a hypotrichium composed of closely septate, inflated hyphae giving rise to suberect terminal hairs; hypotrichial hyphae 11 – 16 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline or pale yellow, hyphae brown at the central part of the trama in water and 5 % KOH, sometimes with hyaline encrustations; hairs 46 – 438 × 4 – 7 µm, cylindrical or flexuous with subacute to obtuse apices, rarely with septa, often with a swollen base, light brown to brown or somewhat grayish in water and 5 % KOH, dextrinoid, thick-walled (up to 1.5 µm thick). Stipitipellis similar to the pileipellis but with narrow hypotrichial hyphae and short hairs; hypotrichial hyphae 2.5 – 7 µm wide, thick-walled (up to 1 µm thick), yellowish brown to brown in water, turning greenish in 5 % KOH. Stipitipellis hairs 55.5 – 252 × 5 – 11 µm, tapering towards the apex, hyaline or yellowish brown, septa not observed. Stipe trama dextrinoid. Clamp connections observed on all hyphae. Habitat: — Scattered, on decaying dicotyledonous leaves and twigs. Geographical distribution range: — Known only from the type locality in Kerala State, India. Comments: — Small basidiocarps, a pileus with a central depression, a stipe without rhizomorphs, a hymenium with cheilo- and pleurocystidia, a weakly dextrinoid middle region of lamellar trama, pileipellis hyphae (hypotrichium) lacking discoloration in KOH and stipitipellis hyphae (hypotrichium) turning greenish in KOH are the characteristic features of this species. Pleurocystidia were found to be scattered or rare or absent in different specimens of the same collection. Crinipellis kisanganensis Antonín & Buyck (in Antonín 2012: 402), a species described from Congo and Zimbabwe (Antonín 2012), is comparable to C. minima in having small basidiocarps, a pileus with a dark brown depressed center, basidiospores of almost similar size (8 – 10 × 3.5 – 4.75 µm), cheilocystidia of almost similar size (( 12) 15 – 26 × 4.5 – 9 µm) and morphology and the pileipellis hairs not changing color in KOH. However, C. kisanganensis is distinct from C. minima in having a longer (up to 35 mm long) and laterally compressed stipe covered with dark brown hairs or grayish brown hairs, the absence of pleurocystidia and a dextrinoid middle region in the lamellar trama. There is no mention of the reaction of stipitipellis (hypotrichium) with KOH in that collection. Crinipellis dipterocarpi Singer (1942: 496), a species originally described from Vietnam and later from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand (Kerekes & Desjardin 2009) and Japan (C. dipterocarpi f. cinnamomea Kerekes, Desjardin & Lumyong, (in Kerekes & Desjardin 2009: 120 )), is also similar to C. minima in having small basidiocarps, a convex pileus with a brown center, cheilocystidia with apical appendages, the pileipellis hairs not turning green in KOH and the stipitipellis hyphae turning green in KOH. However, C. dipterocarpi has adnate to adnexed lamellae, a longer stipe (up to 50 mm long), the occasional presence of rhizomorphs, inamyloid lamellar trama, a hymenium devoid of pleurocystidia and the pileipellis hyphae with reddish brown encrustations (Kerekes & Desjardin 2009). A pairwise comparison of the nrITS sequences of various GenBank accessions of C. dipterocarpi (FJ 167656, FJ 167651, FJ 167655, FJ 167648, FJ 167653, FJ 167652, FJ 167650, FJ 167654, FJ 167649) with that of C. minima showed only less than 91 % sequence similarity.	en	Sharafudheen, Shahina A., Manimohan, Patinjareveettil, Deepna Latha, K. P. (2023): Two new species of Crinipellis (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Kerala State, India. Phytotaxa 600 (4): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03B487D46E61FFF9FF64FC19FA38F95E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — fibrillosa (L.), with fibrils; refers to the fibrillose pileus surface of this species. Diagnosis: — Differs from C. tucumanensis in having a pileus with radial rows formed by appressed fibrils, a longer stipe (up to 64 mm long), longer and narrow basidiospores (11 – 12 (– 13) × 3 – 4 µm) and shorter cheilocystidia (up to 27 µm long). Type: — INDIA. Kerala State: Thrissur District, Kalasamala sacred grove, 10 ° 40 ’ 18.7 ” N 76 ° 05 ’ 18.8 ” E, 10 June 2017, A. S. Shahina SA 199 (holotype CALI!). GenBank accessions: nrITS: OQ 617333 and nrLSU: OQ 617342. Description: — Basidiocarps small. Pileus 5 – 10 mm diam., convex when young, becoming plano-convex to almost applanate with an occasional papilla visible in dried specimens under a lens; surface dark brown (7 F 8 / OAC 635) at the center, brown (7 E 8 / OAC 621) around it, reddish gray (7 B 2 / OAC 620) to grayish red (7 B 3 / OAC 634) towards the margin, with dark brown (7 F 8 / OAC 622) radially appressed fibrils, densely so at the center, often forming tufts in radial rows towards the margin and hanging from the margin; margin straight, appendiculate. Lamellae free, up to 2 mm wide, orange-white (5 A 2 / OAC 900) close; edge entire to the naked eye, finely torn under a lens, initially concolorous with the sides but in mature specimens the edge becomes dark brown (7 F 4 / OAC 737) on drying starting from the part close to the stipe and gradually spreading to the entire edge. Stipe 28 – 64 × 1 mm, central, terete, equal, solid; surface dark brown (6 F 8 / OAC 635), appressed-fibrillose all over; base insititious. Rhizomorphs not observed. Context very thin. Basidiospores 11 – 12 (– 13) × 3 – 4 (11.83 ± 0.47 × 3.43 ± 0.37) µm, Q = 2.75 – 4.0, Qm = 3.49, lanceolate, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Basidia 22.5 – 27 × 7 – 8.5 µm, clavate, 4 - spored; sterigmata up to 5.5 µm long. Pleurocystidia 34 – 43 × 7.5 – 10 µm, scattered, clavate, elongate-clavate or subcylindrical, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Lamella-edge heteromorphous. Cheilocystidia 17 – 27 × 4 – 9 µm, versiform: broadly fusiform, subcylindrical, obclavate, vesiculose or flexuous, often with a mucronate apex or bifurcating apical appendages up to 12 µm long, hyaline in young specimens, but with dark brown plasmatic pigment in mature specimens, turning greenish gray in 3 % KOH, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Lamellar trama subregular; hyphae 3 – 17 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Pileus trama a duplex; upper half with narrow, parallelly interwoven 3 – 17 µm wide hyphae; lower half with inflated 32 – 74 × 11 – 22.5 µm wide, closely septate hyphae, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline to pale yellow, inamyloid. Pileipellis a hypotrichium composed of closely septate, inflated hyphae giving rise to suberect terminal hairs; hypotrichial hyphae 6 – 13 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline or with a brownish wall pigment, turning grayish to grayish green in 3 % KOH; hairs 80 – 555 × 4 – 8 µm, cylindrical or flexuous, with subacute to obtuse apices, often with septa, brown to light brown or hyaline, turning grayish to grayish green in 3 % KOH, dextrinoid, thick-walled (up to 2.5 µm thick). Stipitipellis similar to the pileipellis but with narrow hypotrichial hyphae measuring 2 – 6 µm wide, hyaline or yellowish brown in water and 3 % KOH, thick-walled (up to 1 µm thick); hairs 75 – 415 × 6 – 10.5 µm, narrowly cylindrical or at times tapering towards the apex, often branched, septate, hyaline or yellowish brown, turning grayish to grayish green in 3 % KOH, thick-walled (up to 2 µm thick). Stipe trama dextrinoid. Clamp connections observed on all hyphae except at the base of basidia, cheilo- and pleurocystidia. Habitat: — Scattered on leaf litter, partially buried in the soil. Geographical distribution range: — Known only from the type locality in Kerala State, India. Comments: — Crinipellis fibrillosa has a pileus with dark brown appressed fibrils, free lamellae, a lamella-edge with cheilocystidia, a hypotrichium-type pileipellis giving rise to long, thick-walled, dextrinoid hairs turning grayish to grayish green in 3 % KOH and a habitat on partially buried leaf litter. An exhaustive literature survey showed that the lamella-edge of no other described species of Crinipellis turns dark brown on drying or has the greenish gray coloration of dried lamella-edge in KOH.	en	Sharafudheen, Shahina A., Manimohan, Patinjareveettil, Deepna Latha, K. P. (2023): Two new species of Crinipellis (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Kerala State, India. Phytotaxa 600 (4): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
