identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B487D46E63FFF7FF64FF37FBC9FC36.text	03B487D46E63FFF7FF64FF37FBC9FC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crinipellis minima S. A. Sharafudheen, Manim. & K. P. D. Latha 2023	<div><p>Crinipellis minima S. A. Sharafudheen, Manim. &amp; K. P. D. Latha, sp. nov. Fig. 2A–L</p><p>MycoBank no.: MB 847917</p><p>Etymology:— minima (L.), small; refers to the very small basidiocarps of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Differs from C. kisanganensis in having a smaller (up to 20 mm long) stipe covered with orange white, recurved squamules, a hymenium with pleurocystidia, and the lamellar trama with a dextrinoid central region.</p><p>Type:— INDIA. Kerala State: Thiruvananthapuram District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.159164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.556861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.159164/lat 8.556861)">Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, 8°33’24.7” N 77°09’33.0” E, 22 October 2017, A. S. Shahina SA324 (holotype CALI!). GenBank accessions: nrITS: OQ617341 and nrLSU: OQ617343 .</p><p>Description:— Basidiocarps small. Pileus 3–4.5 mm diam., initially convex, becoming convex with a shallow central depression; surface initially dark brown (7F5/OAC700) all over with a darker center (7F8/OAC733), becoming dark brown (7F7/OAC720) at the center, light brown (7D5/OAC701) around it, grayish orange (5B3 to 5B5/OAC813 to OAC814) towards the margin, with brown (7E8/OAC700 or OAC701), radially appressed fibrils extending to the margin; margin straight, appendiculate. Lamellae free or at times adnexed, up to 1 mm wide, light orange white (5A2/OAC900), subclose, with lamellulae of 1 tier; edge torn under a lens, concolorous with the sides. Stipe 11−20 × 0.5–0.75 mm, central, terete, equal; surface initially pale yellow (4A3/OAC805) at the base and the apex and yellowish white (4A2/OAC900) in the middle, becoming light brown (6D4/OAC700) all over except at the apex where it is concolorous to the lamellae when mature, with orange white (5A2/OAC815), recurved squamules all over, densely so towards the base; base insititious. Rhizomorphs not observed. Context thin.</p><p>Basidiospores 9–10.5 × 4–5 (9.63 ± 0.51 × 4.4 ± 0.48) µm, Q = 1.9–2.5, Qm = 2.20, fusoid to ovo-ellipsoid, smooth, thin-walled, rarely slightly thick-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Basidia 21–28 × 6–8 µm, clavate, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 3 µm long. Pleurocystidia scattered to rare, not observed in some lamellae, 19–31 × 5–9 µm, fusoid or clavate with a mucronate apex, at times with constrictions in the body, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Lamella-edge heteromorphous with abundant cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia 16–26 × 5–9 µm, resembling Siccus - type broom cells: broadly clavate to subcylindrical, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled; apical appendages up to 8 µm long, often branched, subacute to obtuse, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, sometimes appendages reduced or with lobes. Lamellar trama subregular; hyphae 4–14 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 µm thick), hyaline, central part of the trama weakly dextrinoid. Pileus trama subregular; hyphae 2–15 µm wide, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Pileipellis a hypotrichium composed of closely septate, inflated hyphae giving rise to suberect terminal hairs; hypotrichial hyphae 11–16 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline or pale yellow, hyphae brown at the central part of the trama in water and 5% KOH, sometimes with hyaline encrustations; hairs 46–438 × 4–7 µm, cylindrical or flexuous with subacute to obtuse apices, rarely with septa, often with a swollen base, light brown to brown or somewhat grayish in water and 5% KOH, dextrinoid, thick-walled (up to 1.5 µm thick). Stipitipellis similar to the pileipellis but with narrow hypotrichial hyphae and short hairs; hypotrichial hyphae 2.5–7 µm wide, thick-walled (up to 1 µm thick), yellowish brown to brown in water, turning greenish in 5% KOH. Stipitipellis hairs 55.5–252 × 5–11 µm, tapering towards the apex, hyaline or yellowish brown, septa not observed. Stipe trama dextrinoid. Clamp connections observed on all hyphae.</p><p>Habitat: — Scattered, on decaying dicotyledonous leaves and twigs.</p><p>Geographical distribution range:—Known only from the type locality in Kerala State, India.</p><p>Comments:—Small basidiocarps, a pileus with a central depression, a stipe without rhizomorphs, a hymenium with cheilo- and pleurocystidia, a weakly dextrinoid middle region of lamellar trama, pileipellis hyphae (hypotrichium) lacking discoloration in KOH and stipitipellis hyphae (hypotrichium) turning greenish in KOH are the characteristic features of this species. Pleurocystidia were found to be scattered or rare or absent in different specimens of the same collection. Crinipellis kisanganensis Antonín &amp; Buyck (in Antonín 2012: 402), a species described from Congo and Zimbabwe (Antonín 2012), is comparable to C. minima in having small basidiocarps, a pileus with a dark brown depressed center, basidiospores of almost similar size (8–10 × 3.5–4.75 µm), cheilocystidia of almost similar size ((12) 15–26 × 4.5–9 µm) and morphology and the pileipellis hairs not changing color in KOH. However, C. kisanganensis is distinct from C. minima in having a longer (up to 35 mm long) and laterally compressed stipe covered with dark brown hairs or grayish brown hairs, the absence of pleurocystidia and a dextrinoid middle region in the lamellar trama. There is no mention of the reaction of stipitipellis (hypotrichium) with KOH in that collection. Crinipellis dipterocarpi Singer (1942: 496), a species originally described from Vietnam and later from Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand (Kerekes &amp; Desjardin 2009) and Japan ( C. dipterocarpi f. cinnamomea Kerekes, Desjardin &amp; Lumyong, (in Kerekes &amp; Desjardin 2009: 120)), is also similar to C. minima in having small basidiocarps, a convex pileus with a brown center, cheilocystidia with apical appendages, the pileipellis hairs not turning green in KOH and the stipitipellis hyphae turning green in KOH. However, C. dipterocarpi has adnate to adnexed lamellae, a longer stipe (up to 50 mm long), the occasional presence of rhizomorphs, inamyloid lamellar trama, a hymenium devoid of pleurocystidia and the pileipellis hyphae with reddish brown encrustations (Kerekes &amp; Desjardin 2009). A pairwise comparison of the nrITS sequences of various GenBank accessions of C. dipterocarpi (FJ167656, FJ167651, FJ167655, FJ167648, FJ167653, FJ167652, FJ167650, FJ167654, FJ167649) with that of C. minima showed only less than 91% sequence similarity.</p><p>Crinipellis minima is also similar to C. pseudostipitaria var. pseudostipitaria Singer (1942: 470), documented from the neotropics (Singer 1976), in having a pileus with a depressed center, subclose lamellae, basidiospores of almost similar size and shape, presence of cheilocystidia with apical appendages and the pileipellis hairs with scattered septa. However, C. pseudostipitaria var. pseudostipitaria differs from C. minima in having a larger (up to 13 mm broad), fibrillose-woolly pileus in almost uniform color, longer and broader stipe (9–30 × 0.3–2 mm), a hymenium devoid of pleurocystidia and inamyloid lamellar trama.</p><p>A BLASTn search using the nrITS sequence (626 bp) of C. minima showed Crinipellis nigricaulis var. macrospora Antonín, Ryoo &amp; H.D. Shin (2009: 431) (FJ573197) as the closest taxon with 89.92% similarity. While using nrLSU (896 bp) sequence, C. nigricaulis Har. Takah. (2000: 178) (MK277894: 99.44%) resulted as the closest hit. Similar to C. minima, C. nigricaulis has narrow lamellae up to 1 mm broad, the presence of cheilocystidia with apical appendages and a dextrinoid stipe trama. But C. nigricaulis can be distinguished from C. minima in having a longer stipe (50 mm long) with rhizomorphs, the absence of pleurocystidia, and longer pileipellis hairs (up to 1500 µm long) with numerous secondary septa forming ladder-structure (Takahashi 2000). Crinipellis nigricaulis var. macrospora also has a longer (up to 200 mm long) stipe and a hymenium devoid of pleurocystidia (Antonín et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487D46E63FFF7FF64FF37FBC9FC36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sharafudheen, Shahina A.;Manimohan, Patinjareveettil;Deepna Latha, K. P.	Sharafudheen, Shahina A., Manimohan, Patinjareveettil, Deepna Latha, K. P. (2023): Two new species of Crinipellis (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Kerala State, India. Phytotaxa 600 (4): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03B487D46E61FFF9FF64FC19FA38F95E.text	03B487D46E61FFF9FF64FC19FA38F95E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crinipellis fibrillosa S. A. Sharafudheen, Manim. & K. P. D. Latha 2023	<div><p>Crinipellis fibrillosa S. A. Sharafudheen, Manim. &amp; K. P. D. Latha, sp. nov. Fig. 3A–N</p><p>MycoBank no.: MB 847918</p><p>Etymology:— fibrillosa (L.), with fibrils; refers to the fibrillose pileus surface of this species.</p><p>Diagnosis:—Differs from C. tucumanensis in having a pileus with radial rows formed by appressed fibrils, a longer stipe (up to 64 mm long), longer and narrow basidiospores (11–12 (–13) × 3–4 µm) and shorter cheilocystidia (up to 27 µm long).</p><p>Type:— INDIA. Kerala State: Thrissur District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=76.088554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.671862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 76.088554/lat 10.671862)">Kalasamala</a> sacred grove, 10°40’18.7” N 76°05’18.8” E, 10 June 2017, A. S. Shahina SA199 (holotype CALI!). GenBank accessions: nrITS: OQ617333 and nrLSU: OQ617342 .</p><p>Description:— Basidiocarps small. Pileus 5–10 mm diam., convex when young, becoming plano-convex to almost applanate with an occasional papilla visible in dried specimens under a lens; surface dark brown (7F8/OAC635) at the center, brown (7E8/OAC621) around it, reddish gray (7B2/OAC620) to grayish red (7B3/OAC634) towards the margin, with dark brown (7F8/OAC622) radially appressed fibrils, densely so at the center, often forming tufts in radial rows towards the margin and hanging from the margin; margin straight, appendiculate. Lamellae free, up to 2 mm wide, orange-white (5A2/OAC900) close; edge entire to the naked eye, finely torn under a lens, initially concolorous with the sides but in mature specimens the edge becomes dark brown (7F4/OAC737) on drying starting from the part close to the stipe and gradually spreading to the entire edge. Stipe 28–64 × 1 mm, central, terete, equal, solid; surface dark brown (6F8/OAC635), appressed-fibrillose all over; base insititious. Rhizomorphs not observed. Context very thin.</p><p>Basidiospores 11–12 (–13) × 3–4 (11.83 ± 0.47 × 3.43 ± 0.37) µm, Q = 2.75–4.0, Qm = 3.49, lanceolate, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Basidia 22.5–27 × 7–8.5 µm, clavate, 4-spored; sterigmata up to 5.5 µm long. Pleurocystidia 34–43 × 7.5–10 µm, scattered, clavate, elongate-clavate or subcylindrical, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Lamella-edge heteromorphous. Cheilocystidia 17–27 × 4–9 µm, versiform: broadly fusiform, subcylindrical, obclavate, vesiculose or flexuous, often with a mucronate apex or bifurcating apical appendages up to 12 µm long, hyaline in young specimens, but with dark brown plasmatic pigment in mature specimens, turning greenish gray in 3% KOH, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Lamellar trama subregular; hyphae 3–17 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline, inamyloid. Pileus trama a duplex; upper half with narrow, parallelly interwoven 3–17 µm wide hyphae; lower half with inflated 32–74 × 11–22.5 µm wide, closely septate hyphae, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline to pale yellow, inamyloid. Pileipellis a hypotrichium composed of closely septate, inflated hyphae giving rise to suberect terminal hairs; hypotrichial hyphae 6–13 µm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, hyaline or with a brownish wall pigment, turning grayish to grayish green in 3% KOH; hairs 80–555 × 4–8 µm, cylindrical or flexuous, with subacute to obtuse apices, often with septa, brown to light brown or hyaline, turning grayish to grayish green in 3% KOH, dextrinoid, thick-walled (up to 2.5 µm thick). Stipitipellis similar to the pileipellis but with narrow hypotrichial hyphae measuring 2–6 µm wide, hyaline or yellowish brown in water and 3% KOH, thick-walled (up to 1 µm thick); hairs 75–415 × 6–10.5 µm, narrowly cylindrical or at times tapering towards the apex, often branched, septate, hyaline or yellowish brown, turning grayish to grayish green in 3% KOH, thick-walled (up to 2 µm thick). Stipe trama dextrinoid. Clamp connections observed on all hyphae except at the base of basidia, cheilo- and pleurocystidia.</p><p>Habitat: — Scattered on leaf litter, partially buried in the soil.</p><p>Geographical distribution range:—Known only from the type locality in Kerala State, India.</p><p>Comments:— Crinipellis fibrillosa has a pileus with dark brown appressed fibrils, free lamellae, a lamella-edge with cheilocystidia, a hypotrichium-type pileipellis giving rise to long, thick-walled, dextrinoid hairs turning grayish to grayish green in 3% KOH and a habitat on partially buried leaf litter. An exhaustive literature survey showed that the lamella-edge of no other described species of Crinipellis turns dark brown on drying or has the greenish gray coloration of dried lamella-edge in KOH.</p><p>Crinipellis tucumanensis Singer (1976: 40), a species originally described from Argentina (Singer 1976), shows some similarities to C. fibrillosa in having a pileus of similar size (4–13 mm diam.), free lamellae, pleurocystidia of similar size and shape, a lamella-edge with cheilocystidia and the pileipellis hairs turning greenish in KOH. However, C. tucumanensis can be readily distinguished from C. fibrillosa as the former has a pileus lacking radial rows formed by appressed fibrils, a shorter stipe (up to 36 mm long), shorter and broader basidiospores (5.5–8.5 × 4–6 µm) and longer cheilocystidia (up to 40 µm long). Crinipellis brunneoaurantiaca Bandala, Montoya &amp; Ryoo (in Bandala et al. 2012: 734), described from Mexico, is another species that shows the characteristic greenish color change of pileus hairs in KOH (Bandala et. al. 2012). That species shares some features such as pileus of similar size (2–9 mm diam.) and shape with an appendiculate margin, free lamellae, presence of cheilocystidia, septate pileipellis hairs and a dextrinoid stipe trama with C. fibrillosa . However, C. brunneoaurantiaca has a pileus with a conical to subacute central papilla, subdistant to distant lamellae, a shorter stipe (4–14 mm long) and a hymenium devoid of pleurocystidia.</p><p>Crinipellis fibrillosa shows some features similar to C. calderi Pegler (1966: 106), a species described from Uganda (Pegler 1977), in having an initially convex and finally expanded-plane pileus with hairs sparser towards the margin, basidiospores of somewhat similar size (9–11.7 × 3.2–4.5 µm), a heteromorphous lamella-edge with cheilocystidia and septate pileipellis hairs. However, C. calderi is distinct from C. fibrillosa in having a radially sulcate pileus, distant and intervenose lamellae, a shorter stipe (up to 35 mm long), lamellae devoid of pleurocystidia and hypotrichial hyphae with incrusting pigments. Crinipellis fibrillosa is also similar to C. malesiana Kerekes, Desjardin &amp; Vikinesw. (in Kerekes &amp; Desjardin 2009: 125), a species from Southeast Asia, having a pileus of similar size (2–13 mm diam.) and shape, a hymenium with pleuro- and cheilocystidia, and a pileipellis with hyaline or brown hyphae turning greenish in KOH. However, this species differs from C. fibrillosa in having a pileus often with one or two raised concentric ridges surrounding a central papilla and a brown to brownish orange margin, adnexed to adnate lamellae, a shorter stipe (4–22 mm long), broader (4–6.5 µm) basidiospores, longer ((11–) 21–40 µm) cheilocystidia and a stipitipellis with caulocystidia (Kerekes &amp; Desjardin 2009). A pairwise comparison of the nrITS sequence (NR_ 119706) of C. malesiana with that of C. fibrillosa showed only 83.59% similarity</p><p>A BLASTn search of the GenBank nucleotide database using the nrITS sequence (661 bp) of C. fibrillosa showed an unnamed Crinipellis species, Crinipellis species RAK 391 (MN930626) as the closest hit with 88.75% sequence similarity. Crinipellis pseudosplachnoides (Hennings 1901: 47) Pat. ex Singer (1942: 510) (MK277895: 98.78%) resulted as the closest hit using nrLSU (903 bp) sequence. Crinipellis pseudosplachnoides is similar to C. fibrillosa in having a pileus with a brown center, an insititious stipe, a hymenium with cheilo- and pleurocystidia and the pileipellis hairs with septations. But C. pseudosplachnoides has a shorter stipe (up to 40 mm long), shorter and broader (6.3–10 × 3.5–5.7 µm) basidiospores and longer cheilo- (up to 45 µm long) and pleurocystidia (65 µm long) (Pegler 1977).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487D46E61FFF9FF64FC19FA38F95E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sharafudheen, Shahina A.;Manimohan, Patinjareveettil;Deepna Latha, K. P.	Sharafudheen, Shahina A., Manimohan, Patinjareveettil, Deepna Latha, K. P. (2023): Two new species of Crinipellis (Marasmiaceae, Agaricales) from Kerala State, India. Phytotaxa 600 (4): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.600.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
